CN102077748A - Technique and method for off-season cultivating of organic bamboo shoots - Google Patents
Technique and method for off-season cultivating of organic bamboo shoots Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technique and method for off-season cultivating of organic bamboo shoots, and concretely relates to a cultivation technique and method for cultivating the organic bamboo shoots in advance by a season, and therefore, the bamboo shoots which are eaten in March or April can be eaten on New Year's Day and during Spring Festival in advance to meet the living needs of people and increase the planting benefit of the bamboo shoots. In the cultivation technique, pesticide, chemical fertilizer, growth regulators, hormone, herbicides and the like are not used. Bamboo shoots organic base certification, variety selection, site selection, plantation and forestation, cultivation in advance, self-made decomposed manure, organic matter plastic film mulching and scientific fertilization are adopted; minerals and botanical insecticide are used for controlling diseases and insect pests; natural enemies of pests, the inherent phototaxis and the flavor-directed performance of the pests are used for capturing and killing the pests, the purposes of eliminating the pests and protecting beneficial insects are achieved, conditions, such as light, heat, air and the like, are fully utilized, an environment which is beneficial to the growth of the organic bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots is created, the purposes of advance yield and high yield are achieved, the organic bamboo shoots are produced efficiently, and economic income is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to anti-season and cultivate the technology and method of organic thunder bamboo shoot, relate to an a kind of culture technique and method of cultivating organic thunder bamboo shoot season ahead of time specifically, allowing should be three, the April edible thunder bamboo shoot, edible during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival ahead of time.With living needs that satisfies people and the planting benefit that improves the thunder bamboo shoot.
Background technology
Lei Zhu is that a kind of good bamboo shoot of China are used the bamboo kind, has to go out bamboo shoot every year, go out bamboo shoot early, characteristics such as the bamboo shoot phase is long, and bamboo shoot are delicious, and mouthfeel is sweet tender, and the output height is good in economic efficiency, and adaptability is strong, and higher nutritive value and commodity value are arranged.
Use the conventional thunder bamboo shoot technology and method of cultivating, the long bamboo shoot of Lei Zhu, in Zhejiang and the Yangtze River Delta Area generally three, the April, rainfall is abundant during the spring, can fully satisfy the bamboo shoot needs, the thunder bamboo shoot that can cultivate season are edible for people.But before and after the Ching Ming Festival, the thunder bamboo shoot of sale are because output is concentrated, landings are many, can only sell for 1 kilogram of 1.6～2 yuan, conventional cultivation thunder bamboo shoot, one mu of thunder bamboo shoot is by the normal yield results, output is generally about 1000 kilograms, and annual income/mu is about 1600～2000 yuan, and its economic benefit is lower.
If, routine is cultivated thunder bamboo shoot technology and method to be changed into anti-season and cultivates organic thunder bamboo shoot technology and method, then not only common thunder bamboo shoot can be promoted and be organic thunder bamboo shoot, organic thunder bamboo shoot are sold to coming into the market during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival ahead of time, and make organic thunder bamboo shoot prolong campaign, increase exponentially output, the per mu yield of organic thunder bamboo shoot is reached about 2000～2200 kilograms, organic thunder bamboo shoot price of during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, selling and be 8～10 times of conventional thunder bamboo shoot, generally at 24～34 yuan 1 kilogram, one mu of organic thunder bamboo shoot annual income is about 48000～74800 yuan.
Summary of the invention
One, Fa Ming purpose:
The technology and method of cultivating organic thunder bamboo shoot with anti-season substitutes the conventional technology and method of cultivating the thunder bamboo shoot, organic thunder bamboo shoot of cultivation were gone on the market during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, offer organic thunder bamboo shoot people's green, nuisanceless environmental protection, high-quality, high yield, edible for people's safety, health, nutrition.Satisfy people's living needs, to obtain higher economic well-being of workers and staff.
Two, Fa Ming feature:
Cultivate in organic thunder bamboo shoot process in anti-season; adopt cultivation ahead of time, the agricultural chemicals that does not use synthetic, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone etc.; organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced reach nuisanceless, green, environmental protection growth; use organic bamboo grove, organic manure, carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests with mineral matter and plant medical agent; utilize pest natural enemy, the intrinsic light that becomes, the performance that becomes to distinguishing the flavor of of insect to catch and kill insect; adopt pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp to catch and kill the moth class pest; utilize methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid; reach kill pests, protect useful insect.
The cultivation technology is by film-mulching techniques such as fertilizer, the leaf of bamboo, rice chaff, straw, knot bar, green manure, barnyard manure, cultivation, rational close planting, bamboo plantation afforestation, management, technology such as fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of conditions such as organic bamboo grove base, fertilizer, water, light, heat, gas, create an environment that helps organic thunder bamboo shoot growth, to reach the highly efficient and productive organic thunder bamboo shoot of production.Make organic thunder bamboo shoot of production become nuisanceless, environmental protection, safe, highly efficient and productive, the food of edible nourishing, health, it will be loved by the people.
Make organic thunder bamboo shoot rich in proteins, fat, carbohydrate, carotin, vitamin, raw fiber and calcium, phosphorus, iron etc.
Three, anti-season is cultivated the technology and method of organic thunder bamboo shoot:
(1), organic thunder bamboo shoot are cultivated the requirement in base:
1, the authentication of OFDC certification authority will be carried out in organic thunder bamboo shoot base in China; The plot that has in organic thunder bamboo shoot production base might be subjected to the influence that pollute in contiguous conventional plot, must set up buffer strip or physical barrier.China certification authority to the requirement of isolation strip length around the base for being separated by 8 meters.
2, select the integrality in organic thunder bamboo shoot base.The soil in base should be complete plot, can not accompany therebetween to carry out the conventional plot that produces, but allow to exist organic conversion plot; Organic thunder bamboo shoot production base and conventional plot intersection must have the visible marking, as mountains and rivers, river, massif, mound, booth, the artificial isolation strip that is provided with etc.
3, must there be the transition period.Usually needed for 2 years by conventional grown place system to the conversion of organic production base, after the thunder bamboo shoot of the cultivation results, just can be used as organic products thereafter; The thunder bamboo shoot need be through just becoming organic thunder bamboo shoot 3 year conversion time before results.The time started of transition period, the producer must be fully by organic production requirement operation in the transition period from calculating from certification authority's application authentication.The thunder bamboo shoot that grow in the bamboo grove after organic conversion in 1 year can be used as organic conversion crop and sell.
4, the selection in organic Lei Zhu base, whole ground, decide strain, dig the cave, fertilising:
(1) addressing in base:
The foundation in Lei Zhu base should be selected to have a good transport service, flat slope or the level land of the gradient between 3～5 degree, soil is deep, well-drained behind the house vacant lot before small stream river bank bank, beach ground and the room of the low mound of loose fertile, moistening, subacidity or neutral sandy loam, Plain, alluviation.
(2) wholely, decide strain:
Whole ground is taked to cultivate entirely in the whole ground in Lei Zhu base, and before the afforestation, things such as weeds, shrub, stub, stone in the removing garden are cultivated about the dark 25～30cm in ground, and are high, low all around in the middle of accomplish on ground.Adopt long 2.5 meters * wide 2.5 meters to divide grid, fixed 1 acupuncture point at per 1 grid center about every mu of kind 110 strains, or adopts long 3 meters * wide 3 meters to divide grid, and the rational close planting number about every mu of kind 75 strains, is determined in fixed 1 acupuncture point at per 1 grid center.
(3) dig cave, fertilising:
Dig the cave by the predetermined strain number of planting.Dig the cave specification: diameter 50～60cm, dark 60～70cm, every cave uses cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg and fertilizer 20～25kg and soil to mix thoroughly, in the backfill cave.
(2), the selection of Lei Zhu, excavation and afforestation:
1, organic thunder bamboo shoot breed selection.Kind selects should consider to adapt to local soil and climatic characteristic, has the bamboo kind that organic thunder bamboo sign is determined, damage by disease and insect there are the kind of resistance and the kind of premature labor bamboo shoot, optional " spire thunder bamboo ", it goes out the bamboo shoot phase than " wide leaf thunder bamboo " Zao 10～15 days, and the bamboo shoot mouthfeel is sweet tender, the output height, economic benefit is higher than " wide leaf thunder bamboo ", and multiselect is planted with " spire thunder bamboo " in the production.
2, female bamboo is selected.Select female bamboo at people's breastheight place, its girth is at 8～18cm, 1～2 year living Hsinchu, divides skill short, skill leafiness, and the thunder bamboo of anosis worm, robust growth is female bamboo.
3, the excavation of female bamboo.When female bamboo is excavated, stay whip 20～30cm, remove whip 30～40cm, note protection whip bud and whip root; Female bamboo root and stem of certain plants band mass of soil diameter is no less than 30～40cm, after female bamboo has dug, with straw rope or sackcloth bag mass of soil, then, cuts the skill defoliation, stays branch 6～8 dishes, cuts the bamboo tip, and otch is smooth.Defoliation 3/4ths in case water evaporates, and is watered water in bamboo root soil portion.
4, the afforestation of Lei Zhu.
(1) the afforestation time.Lei Zhu can plant throughout the year, and 9～November of autumn and winter and February in early spring are optimum season.
(2) method for planting.In time plant suitably finishing cave and pad soil before planting after female bamboo transported to planting site.Again female bamboo is put into the cave, untie straw rope or sackcloth bag, allow the whip root unfold naturally, make bamboo root and stem of certain plants bottom and native close contact of pad, make female bamboo root and stem of certain plants soil face than the dark 8～10cm of the native face in cave, more from bottom to top, back-filling in layers cave soil, the outer cave of steady and sure bamboo root and stem of certain plants soil makes bamboo whip and cave soil fluid-tight engagement, after planting, water and decide strain cave night soil 15～20kg, train again that one deck is thin to loosen the soil, on the cave, cover one deck straw or tangerine bar, cover nylon film again, good with soil pressure all around, to keep moisture, improve survival rate.
(3) green manuring or vegetables.Utilize the vacant lot outside the female bamboo of the plantation cave, plantation Chinese milk vetch or lucerne or vegetables are with the organic soil of fostering and apply fertilizer.
(3), the management of thunder bamboo grove:
1, after-culture in time.Afforestation is in time pulled out and after-culture for withered female bamboo then.
2, weeding is loosened the soil.Loosen the soil by weeding, weed a garden, improve organic performance of soil, the organic bamboo shoots growth of favourable promotion the contention of thunder bamboo liquid manure.The bamboo grove weeding is loosened the soil, annual 3～4 times.When loosening the soil, notice that shallow, the far away root and stem of certain plants of the nearly root and stem of certain plants is dark.General the 1st time between 5～June, 20～25cm is ploughed deeply in weeding, cuts out old bamboo whip, notes protection Hsinchu whip and strong whip; The 2nd time the weeding 12～15cm that loosens the soil is dark between 9～October, the 3rd time between 2～March of next year, the shallow hoe of weeding.The production of organic thunder bamboo shoot is generally adopted artificial weeding and is in time removed.The cultivation of organic thunder bamboo shoot can not be used weed killer herbicide, can utilize black mulch film to cover, and suppresses weed growth.When use contains the fertilizer of weeds, it is become thoroughly decomposed fully, thereby kill weed seed, reduce the growth of organic thunder bamboo shoot woods weeds.
Weeds control passes through to adopt the culture technique of restriction weed growth growth, as covering weedings such as using stalk, straw is provided; Employing digs, manually, machinery and electric heating weeding; Ban use of gene engineering product and chemical herbicide weeding.
3, apply fertilizers scientifically
(1) apply fertilizer according to thunder bamboo different growing stages:
Have every year at the thunder bamboo: the characteristics in long whip phase, bamboo shoot bud idiophase, pregnant bamboo shoot phase and long 4 vegetative period of bamboo shoot phase, apply fertilizers scientifically, promote the growth of bamboo shoots.General annual 4 times of bamboo grove fertilising, fertilizing amount increases with bamboo amount in the bamboo grove, suitably increases year by year.Between 1～February, execute and urge bamboo shoot fertilizer for the 1st time, short bamboo shoots how long, flesh up.Every Cong Zhu executes and water 50% night soil 6～10kg, executes organic green manure 15～20kg.Method is: cover earlier fertilizer, after execute night soil.Between June, execute long whip fertilizer the 2nd time, the multiple whip of short female bamboo, send out whip strong.Every Cong Zhu executes the night soil 8～10kg with water 30%, organic fertilizer 18～25kg.Between September, execute vernalization fertilizer the 3rd time, the multiple bamboo shoot bud of short bamboo whip, send out bud strong.Every Cong Zhu executes the night soil 8～10kg with water 20%, organic fertilizer 20～25kg.Last 1 time between 11～December, execute pregnant bamboo shoot fertilizer, every Cong Zhu executes cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg, farm organic fertilizer 25～30kg, execute the night soil 8～10kg with water 20%.Method is: execute cake fertilizer earlier, cover fertilizer again, after execute night soil.
(2), fertilizer practice
Adopt fertilizer and green manuring technology.The general homemade chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, the organic wastes etc. of adopting are the fertilizer of raw material or the special-purpose fertilizer of use organic grow.When using the organic manure of own preparation or composting one-tenth, must fully become thoroughly decomposed, help the absorption of organic thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot to organic nutrient.The fertilizer nutrient content is low, discharges slowly, and it is sufficient that consumption is wanted, and with assurance enough nutrient supplies are arranged, otherwise the fertilizer deficiency symptom can appear in organic thunder bamboo shoot, and growth retardation influences output.Discharge shortcoming slowly at organic manure available nutrient in early stage, can utilize certain micro-organisms, as the organic grow with effects such as fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposings is special-purpose fertile, quicken nutrient release, nutrient accumulation through the activity of these beneficial bacteriums, promote the effective utilization to nutrient of organic thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot, also available night soil through becoming thoroughly decomposed adds suitable quantity of water and waters short its growth of Lei Zhu.
(3), use the kind of organic manure: ight soil of animal and residual body, plant are macerated composting, green manure, ash, cake fertilizer, tangerine bar, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, organic waste, scorched clay dust etc.; Mineral matter class: materials such as potassium breeze, rock phosphate, calcium chloride; The organic fertilizer and the part microbial manure that also have organic certification authority to authenticate in addition.
(4), the nuisancelessization processing of fertilizer: fertilizer need carry out nuisancelessization processing in preceding 2～3 months executing, and was preferably in and just carried out the year before fertilizer is carried out nuisancelessization processing; At summer or high temperature season, fertilizer is added 2～3% lime, that water-sprinkling is mixed is wet, accumulation, plastic covering film, makes its abundant fermentation maturity.Temperature can be killed the sick worm and the crop smothering that have in the farm organic fertilizer effectively up to 60～70 ℃ in the yeast phase heap, and the fertilizer after handling is easily absorbed by organic thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot.
(5), the using method of fertilizer
(1) fertilizing amount: the soil of organic thunder bamboo shoot plantation should be accomplished when using organic manure: use the ratio of animal and plant fertilizer should grasp at 1: 1 to well.1500～2000 kilograms of general every mu of organic fertilizers, 100～150 kilograms in cake fertilizer imposes 40～50 kilograms of organic fertilizers, 1800～2000 kilograms of night soils.
(2) use sufficient base fertilizer: total fertilization amount 70～80% as base fertilizer, is beneficial to thunder bamboo root system and absorbs.
(3) skilful spraying fertilizer: during the growth of thunder bamboo shoot, organic fertilizer can be sprinkled into the Lei Zhugen side and water water, or with watering around thunder bamboo root after the night soil water mediation of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(4) anti-season is cultivated technical essential and the method for thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot:
The organic thunder bamboo shoot of anti-season culture technique, by organic base authentication of adopting, cultivate ahead of time, do not use the agricultural chemicals of synthetic, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone etc., organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced reach nuisanceless, green, the environmental protection growth, use organic bamboo grove, organic manure, the organic matter plastic mulching, cultivation, rational close planting, the bamboo grove management, fertilising, technology such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of organic base, fertilizer, water, light, heat, conditions such as gas, create one and help organic thunder bamboo, the environment of thunder bamboo shoot growth is to reach premature labor, high yield, produce organic thunder bamboo shoot efficiently.
1, does well to cover, promotes the thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.
Grasp when covering organic matter and becoming thoroughly decomposed, the heat of generation, improves the bamboo grove soil property and heats effect at the time, promotes the thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.Under nature, during 10 ℃ of early March temperature, the thunder bamboo shoot are unearthed.The soil temperature of thunder bamboo grove 20 centimetres of depths in January in area, Fenghua, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province is about 65 ℃, and February, the soil temperature of 20 centimetres of depths was about 6.8 ℃.Therefore, must take the temperature raising and maintaining measure, improve soil temperature, guarantee to remain on more than 10 ℃, promote the thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot at the soil temperature after November the thunder bamboo shoot ahead of time to New Year's Day, unearthed around the Spring Festival.In the winter time, adopting the covering organic matter to carry out the forest land covering is the effective ways that improve soil temperature.The principle that covering heats is: the heat that produces in the organic matter digest process is to cover the thermal source that heats, its essence is the organic process that discharges heat energy of microbial decomposition, thereby improve soil temperature by the heat that is produced in the rotten process of organic matter, promote the thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.
2, the condition that helps microbial decomposition and promote the thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot is:
(1) moisture is suitable, and soil temperature remains on more than 10 ℃, promotes the thunder bamboo to do sth. in advance bamboo shoot.The bottom covering will contain an amount of moisture, with 60% for well, and the covering overdrying, organic matter rots too slow, produces heat and can not satisfy the condition that the thunder bamboo shoot are unearthed, and covering is wet excessively, bacterium is difficult to carry out aerobic respiration, has been unfavorable for that gas decomposes, and does not produce heat.During the grasp essential factor of covering humidity, suit measures to local conditions.Weather is short of rain, should wet, and rainyly then should do; Sandy loam can wet slightly, and cohesive soil then should not be wet excessively; The level land is dried slightly, and the hillside fields can be wet slightly.Lower floor is wet slightly, and the upper strata will be done, and can prolong the exothermic process that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to keep covering long period temperature raising and maintaining ability.Soil temperature will remain between 15～18 ℃.
(2) so the most important condition that oxygen is aerophile bacterium carries out aerobic respiration covers organic matter will loosen ventilation, ponding not.The leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, straw, organic waste, wood chip, rice chaff etc. use after mixing all possesses above-mentioned condition.
(3) acid-base value (PH) is suitable.Most of microorganism is adapted at neutral and alkali condition activity down.Can in covering, add a small amount of lime and regulate pH value, as adding 2～3 kilograms of quicklimes in hundred kilograms of straw.
(4) C/N ratio (C/N) is suitable.The organic suitable C/N ratio of general microbial decomposition is 25: 1, and the C/N ratio of dry rice straw, tangerine bar etc. is 67: 1.Mix nitrogenous thing and just can regulate C/N ratio in covering, for example the hurdle is fertile and cut off dry rice straw and mix, or the tangerine bar that cuts off sneaks into night soil etc., in order to organic decomposition, heat release.
3, the cover time:
Price (various places are different) according to the listing of Ningbo City thunder bamboo shoot, the price in January and price around the Spring Festival are consistent substantially, after the positive 15th day of a month, the price of thunder bamboo shoot just begins to descend, so make the thunder bamboo shoot good in economic efficiency, the thunder bamboo shoot must be on New Year's Day, will have around the Spring Festival and measure bamboo shoot in batch, and the cover time can carry out at late November, December early and middle ten days.
4, cover organic matter:
Facts have proved, best with leaf of bamboo coverage effect, there is the place of the leaf of bamboo can adopt the leaf of bamboo.The place of resources such as chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, organic waste is arranged, can adopt above-mentioned resource.
5, covering method: can adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, rice chaff etc. after mixing, to cover, its cladding thickness is about 25～30 centimetres, covered with plastic film again on covering.
6, satisfy the requirement that early goes out thunder bamboo shoot moisture and temperature:
Lei Zhu is going out the sufficient moisture of bamboo shoot phase needs.Under nature, Lei Zhu is in 3,4 moonrise bamboo shoot, and rainfall is abundant at that time, can fully satisfy the bamboo shoot needs, and New Year's Day, general rainwater is few around the Spring Festival, therefore will water water one time before covering, and the quantity of watering is advisable to irrigate thunder bamboo grove soil.
Generally after bamboo grove is gone into operation, cover after mixing with the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, rice chaff etc. to December every year by the end of November, lid layer agricultural film again on covering again, it is thick to cover bamboo grove 25～30cm, control the bamboo grove surface temperature about 15～18 ℃ with thermometer measure, surpass more than 20 ℃, in time open and cover thing.Not so, unfavorable bamboo shoot, even the bamboo whip root of burning, the bamboo shoot phase can be done sth. in advance 30～45 days.
7, bamboo grove density and structure
By reasonable adjusting bamboo grove density and structure, can keep that suitable space is arranged in the woods, improve bamboo grove and ventilate and illumination condition, keep staying foster bamboo that vigorous bamboo shoot are arranged, send out the bamboo ability, for the bamboo grove high yield provides basic condition.Newly make bamboo grove, every then strain is stayed and is supported the anosis worm of 1～2 strain, and healthy and strong bamboo shoot are cultivated into the Hsinchu; Increased year by year in the 2nd～4 year; After growing into forest in the 5th year, every mu is stayed the thunder bamboo of supporting 700～800 strain stalwartnesses, notes staying foster bamboo to distribute and wants evenly.Stay the bamboo proportion in age of supporting the thunder bamboo: should the accounting for about 30% of 3 years living bamboo ages in the bamboo grove, the Hsinchu of life in 1～2 year accounts for 60%～70%; 4 years living bamboo ages, generally not stay fosterly, above old bamboo is all cut down in life in 5 years.
8, the tip is cut in the Hsinchu
Stay foster Hsinchu growth children tender then, should stay branch 13～14 dishes, can promote the Hsinchu lignification like this, strengthen and improve the Hsinchu the frost in severe winter and cold spring and the defence capability of crushing by snow at amputation in the 7～September bamboo tip 1/4～1/3.
9, the control of damage by disease and insect
(1), selects suitable organic thunder bamboo kind.Select kind to take an examination to consider to adapt to local soil and climatic characteristic, damage by disease and insect is had resistance, mouthfeel is fresh and sweet, output is high organic thunder bamboo shoot, as spire thunder bamboo.
(2), intercropping rationally.Organic Lei Zhu can adopt intercropping such as wheat, green manure, beans, dish in the base, and the intercropping of Lei Zhu base helps the generation of organic thunder bamboo prevention and elimination of disease and pests and increases the fertilizer soil fertility.
(3), adopt organic operating technology.In organic thunder bamboo shoot produce, plant certainly to plant to results and cause few about one-year age.Can adopt fertilizer and do organic productions such as base manure, fertilizer accumulation, fertilizer plastic mulching, can increase the resistance against diseases of organic thunder bamboo shoot like this, reduce the harm of generation, intrusion and the weeds of damage by disease and insect.
(4), rational close planting.Every mu of bamboo grove is a radix to plant 700～800 strain thunder bamboos.Can stay Hsinchu quantity according to difference, select the plantation radix, guarantee the bamboo grove rational close planting, impel Lei Zhu to obtain sufficient sunlight, healthy and strong growth strengthens anti-cancer ability.
(5), scientific management.Damp-warm syndrome degree in the control device is built the damp-warm syndrome degree environment that is unfavorable for that damage by disease and insect takes place, and has better action to preventing and alleviating disease.In time remove diseased plant, stubble, weeds etc., cleaning wooden land, the middle parasitism and the source of infection of elimination damage by disease and insect.Destroy, destroy by fire, the buried plant that has virus, a sick worm, weeds etc., make full use of resources such as natural light, heat, water, soil, fertilizer, impel Lei Zhu, thunder bamboo shoot to grow vigorously, strengthen resistance against diseases.
(6), biological, physical control.Organic thunder bamboo, the cultivation of thunder bamboo shoot can utilize pest natural enemy to carry out insect predation and control.Also can utilize the intrinsic light that becomes of insect, the performance that becomes to distinguishing the flavor of to catch and kill insect.Wherein comparatively widely used have pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp to catch and kill the moth class pest, utilizes methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid, reaches kill pests, protects the effect of useful insect.
(7), some mineral matter and the plant medical agent that utilizes organic thunder bamboo, the cultivation of thunder bamboo shoot to allow to use prevented and treated.Can use insect pests such as sulphur, lime, lime sulfur, bordeaux mixture.The short, bristly hair or beard thing that can be used for organic thunder bamboo, the production of thunder bamboo shoot has Dalmatian chrysanthemum, garlic, cordate houttuynia, China tree, peppermint etc.As with 2000～3000 times of liquid of neem oil control Liriomyza, use that tansy 30g/L (fresh weight) is anti-to eliminate aphis and acarid etc.
(8), the damage by disease and insect of Lei Zhu mainly contains aphid, scale insect, bamboo locust and sooty mould.
Prevent and treat method:
1) aphid sprays 40%～50% dimethoate emulsion, 0.05%～0.1% solution or mieyajing, and mass fraction 0.2% solution is sprayed.
2) scale insect: water is injected bamboo chamber, every strain 1～2ml for 1～2 times with flolimat.
3) bamboo locust: in time spray larva with 25% dimehypo, 0.125%～0.167% solution:
4) sooty mould, early control and control little aphid simultaneously, scale insect can alleviate the sooty mould that is caused by two worms, if find this disease, should collect in time with suffering from the bamboo grove under the sick secateurs of sooty mould bamboo, places outer concentrated the burning of bamboo grove.
The invention achievement:
The organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, the culture technique of thunder bamboo shoot and the application of method, help not only that we cultivate out organically, organic thunder bamboo shoot of high yield, high-quality, green, environmental protection, the relieved thunder bamboo shoot of edible safety, nutrition, health are provided for people, and for improving the technology and method that the per mu yield of organic thunder bamboo shoot, quantity, quality provide the science cultivation, make it reach per mu yield and surpass 2000～2200 kilograms, mu/year income surpass the good harvest about 48000～74800 yuan.
The application of the organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, thunder bamboo shoot culture technique and method, it will play a significant role for China develops the organic farming product, have crucial promotional value.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1: the organic thunder bamboo shoot that grow in the organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, the thunder bamboo shoot base; The organic thunder bamboo of Fig. 2 quickly breeding anti-season; Fig. 3: the organic thunder bamboo shoot of anti-season; Fig. 4: the processing of organic thunder bamboo shoot.
Embodiment:
Example:
1, kind is selected: select spire thunder bamboo kind.
2, carry out organic thunder bamboo cultivation base OFDC authentication.
3, the selection in organic Lei Zhu base and whole ground (the same).
4, the excavation of Lei Zhu and afforestation (the same).
5, the management of thunder bamboo grove (the same)
6, anti-season is cultivated technical essential and the method for thunder bamboo, thunder bamboo shoot:
The organic thunder bamboo of anti-season, thunder bamboo shoot culture technique and method, by organic base authentication of adopting, cultivate ahead of time, do not use the agricultural chemicals of synthetic, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator, hormone etc., organic thunder bamboo shoot are produced reach nuisanceless, green, the environmental protection growth, use organic bamboo grove, organic manure, the organic matter plastic mulching, cultivation, rational close planting, the bamboo grove management, fertilising, technology such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of organic base, fertilizer, water, light, heat, conditions such as gas, create an environment that helps organic thunder bamboo shoot growth, to reach premature labor, high yield, produce organic thunder bamboo shoot efficiently.
(1) the thunder bamboo grove organic matter cover time: late November, December early and middle ten days carry out.
(2) cover organic matter: can adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, rice chaff, organic waste etc. are arranged.
(3) organic matter covering method: can adopt the leaf of bamboo, chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, green manure, wood chip, straw, sugarcane skin, organic waste, rice chaff etc. after certain proportion mixes, to cover, its cladding thickness is about 25～30 centimetres, covered with plastic film again on covering.
(4) moisture is suitable: before covering organic matter, water irrigates bamboo grove soil, and to satisfy thunder bamboo shoot growth needs, the bottom covering will contain an amount of moisture, with 60% for well.
(5) make the bamboo grove soil temperature remain on 15～18 ℃.The organic coating temperature satisfies the requirement of thunder bamboo shoot growth temperature between 18～25 ℃.
(6) carry out the fertilizing management of thunder bamboo grove.Have every year at the thunder bamboo: the characteristics in long whip phase, bamboo shoot bud idiophase, pregnant bamboo shoot phase and long 4 vegetative period of bamboo shoot phase, apply fertilizers scientifically, promote the growth of bamboo shoots.Anti-season is cultivated the thunder bamboo, the fertilising of thunder bamboo shoot bamboo grove can be carried out between 11～December, can execute and urge bamboo shoot fertilizer, short bamboo shoots how long, flesh up.Can execute and water 50% night soil 8～10kg by every Cong Zhu, execute cake fertilizer 1～1.5kg, organic green manure 15～20kg.Method is: execute cake fertilizer earlier, cover fertilizer again, after execute night soil.
(7) carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest of Lei Zhu.Mainly carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest to aphid, scale insect, bamboo locust and sooty mould etc.
(8) the thunder bamboo shoot that in time dig up, list marketing.
(9) select thunder bamboo shoot sturdy, no damage by disease and insect to cultivate into the Hsinchu, remove 5 years bamboo above old bamboos in age.Make and stay the bamboo proportion in age of supporting the thunder bamboo: 3 years living bamboos account for about 30% in the bamboo grove, and the Hsinchu of life in 1～2 year accounts for 60%～70% right side.
Claims (8)
1. the invention discloses anti-season and cultivate the technology and method of organic thunder bamboo shoot, relate to an a kind of culture technique and method of cultivating organic thunder bamboo shoot season ahead of time specifically, allowing should be three, the April edible thunder bamboo shoot, edible during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival ahead of time.With living needs that satisfies people and the planting benefit that improves the thunder bamboo shoot.It passes through culture technique without agricultural chemicals; chemical fertilizer; growth regulator; hormone; weed killer herbicide etc.; adopt the organic base authentication of thunder bamboo; kind is selected; addressing; plantation afforestation; cultivate ahead of time; make the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed by oneself; the organic matter plastic mulching; apply fertilizers scientifically; water; carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests with mineral matter and plant medical agent; utilize pest natural enemy; the light that becomes that insect is intrinsic; the performance that becomes to distinguishing the flavor of is catched and killed insect; reach kill pests; protect technology such as useful insect; make full use of light; heat; conditions such as gas; create one and help organic thunder bamboo; the environment of thunder bamboo shoot growth; to reach premature labor; high yield; the organic thunder bamboo shoot of High-efficient Production increase economic well-being of workers and staff.
2. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season is characterized in that: the cultivation base of organic thunder bamboo shoot, to carry out the authentication of OFDC certification authority in China.
3. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season is characterized in that: organic thunder bamboo that the female bamboo of organic thunder bamboo shoot of employing should have organic sign.
4. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season is characterized in that: do not use agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, hormone, weed killer herbicide etc. in the production of organic thunder bamboo shoot and cultivation process.
5. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season, it is characterized in that: adopt green manure, fertilizer, generally adopt the homemade chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, duck excrement, pig manure, barnyard manure, night soil, tangerine bar, straw, green manure, compost, ash, the leaf of bamboo, sugarcane skin, cake fertilizer, scorched clay dust etc. to be the fertilizer of raw material or special-purpose fertilizer of use organic grow and part mineral matter.
6. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season; it is characterized in that: carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests with mineral matter and plant medical agent; utilize pest natural enemy, the intrinsic light that becomes, the performance that becomes to distinguishing the flavor of of insect to catch and kill insect; adopt pheromones sex attractant, black light lamp to catch and kill the moth class pest; utilize methods such as yellow plate trapping aphid; reach kill pests, protect useful insect.
7. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season, it is characterized in that: culture technique and method, adopt technology such as the plantation of thunder bamboo, cultivation, rational close planting, field planting, afforestation, the cultivation ahead of time of thunder bamboo shoot, organic matter plastic mulching, bamboo grove management, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, make full use of conditions such as organic base, fertilizer, organic thunder bamboo, water, light, heat, gas, create an environment that helps the growth of organic thunder bamboo shoot, to reach premature labor, highly efficient and productive organic thunder bamboo shoot of production.But make organic thunder bamboo shoot accomplish supply the market during the Spring Festival.And improve the economic benefit of organic thunder bamboo shoot plantation.
Make organic thunder bamboo shoot of production become nuisanceless, environmental protection, safe, highly efficient and productive, the food of edible nourishing, health, it will be loved by the people.
Make organic thunder bamboo shoot rich in proteins, fat, carbohydrate, carotin, vitamin, raw fiber and calcium, phosphorus, iron etc.Obtain nutrition, safety and health after making the edible organic thunder bamboo shoot of people.
8. the cultivation technology and method of the organic thunder bamboo shoot of described anti-season is characterized in that: without weed killer herbicide, utilize black mulch film to cover in organic thunder bamboo shoot cultivation process, suppress weed growth.Use is through the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed fully of high temperature composting, thereby kills weed seed, reduces the growth of organic thunder bamboo ground weeds.Weeds control is by the culture technique that adopts the restriction weed growth to grow, as intercropping, plant green manure, the control weeds such as plant vegetables; Provide and use stalk, straw etc. to cover weeding; Adopt artificial, machinery and electric heating weeding; Ban use of gene engineering product and chemical herbicide weeding.
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