CN106718766A - Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods - Google Patents
Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718766A CN106718766A CN201710010243.7A CN201710010243A CN106718766A CN 106718766 A CN106718766 A CN 106718766A CN 201710010243 A CN201710010243 A CN 201710010243A CN 106718766 A CN106718766 A CN 106718766A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, the method is chosen seeds successively by Lip river Radix Codonopsis, culture facility and construction, Lip river Radix Codonopsis medium in tray and sowing, seedbed management, crop field definite value technology, field management, transplanting next year field management and Lip river Radix Codonopsis pest and disease damage, crop smothering, the plague of rats and its preventing and treating, realize improving the yield and quality of Lip river Radix Codonopsis, and realize do mechanization operation, unit of the product is substantially increased so as not to output, the income of local farmers and the efficiency of enterprise are improved, with very strong economic interests and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine planting technology field, the especially a kind of floating of Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc fast seedling growing and plantation side
Method.
Background technology
Lip river Radix Codonopsis is the special product in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province Dao Zhen counties Luo Long towns.Lip river dragon Radix Codonopsis is also named Lip river party, so that its is Fresh ＆ Tender in Texture,
Medical value is high and depth is favored by the external world, and Lip river Radix Codonopsis is gained the name because it originates in Dao Zhen counties Luo Long towns, with its Fresh ＆ Tender in Texture, medicinal valency
Value is high and depth is favored by the external world, but because production scale is small, usually supply falls short of demand, and right existing planting technology is still leaned on forward pass
System technique, and product quality is uneven, it is impossible to accomplish scale production and sell.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：A kind of floating of Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc fast seedling growing and implantation methods are provided,
To overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
What the present invention was realized in：
Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, the method include following aspect：
First, alternative seed
Step one, seed collecting：Select that robust growth, root body be thick, seed collecting field is made in no disease and pests harm Lip river Radix Codonopsis field, with it is biennial with
Upper Lip river Radix Codonopsis gathers seed, and harvest time treats that fruit softens in yellowish-brown about in October early and middle ten dayses, shows during seed dark brown
Through maturation, harvesting；
Step 2, threshing, drying：Choose annual by the end of October to selecting fair weather threshing during November 20；
Step 3, storage：Preserved under low temperature, dry environment；
Step 4, initial point selection：Ovate-elliptic, it is long 1.5~1.8 millimeters, it is wide 0.6~1.2 millimeter, mass of 1000 kernel 0.26~
0.31 gram, and germination percentage should be greater than more than 80%；
Step 5, sterilization of being dressed seed using 25% or 50% carbendazim prior to seeding, consumption are that consumption is seed weight
0.2%~1.0%；
2nd, culture facility and construction
Step one, greenhouse are built：Manufactured using same wind direction and at least 2 nutrition ponds, nutrition pond are set in vinyl house, greenhouse
The depth of water is 10cm；Nutrition pond is made of brick pond or timber, interior place mat black double-layer polyethylene film, and on the ground of its bottom
Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields long-acting pesticidal agricultural chemicals in face；
Step 2, nursery material：Seedlings nursing plate is made using polystyrene foam plastics and cave is set on seedlings nursing plate, educated
Seedling medium is placed in seed plate；
3rd, medium in tray and sowing
Using the seedlings nursing plate of more than 1 year and sterilize, sterilization method is after being soaked with the formalin solution of 1-2%, to place
In shady place diaphragm seal more than 24 hours, then rinsed well to odorlessness with clear water and just can be used and sabot；Using
Capsuled seed is sowed, and 3-5 seed is broadcast in each cave, and seed is absorbed in matrix, is suitably covered with the matrix for having configured after planting, will
Seed plate is put into floating in nutrition pond, then sprays clear water to surface wet on seed plate surface with sprayer；
4th, seedbed management
Temperature of shed is controlled for 20-25 DEG C from the seeding stage is seeded into；From the cross phase to can not into seedling stage temperature of shed highest
More than 30 DEG C；Heated using the method for greenhouse set hut when temperature is too low, i.e., Small plastic shed covering is separately set up in nutrition pond
Insulation film realizes double-layer heat insulation；Relative humidity is not higher than 90% during whole；Added water according to actual conditions in time or nutrient solution is true
Protect seedling normal growth；The film of greenhouse both sides is pulled open ventilation by 5-7 days daytimes and evening before transplanting, and with transplanting
Close on and enlarged opening, make seedling blade full of elasticity, dehydration tolerance improves the mesh that transplanting survival rate and resistance realize practicing seedling
's；
5th, Field planting technology
Step one, site preparation with foster and apply fertilizer：Selection soil layer is deep, fertile loose, well-drained sandy loam, and before the soil
Stubble preferably the crops such as beans, potato class, rape, Cereal, can not continuous cropping, the period of crop-rotation takes more than 3 years；Using organic fertilizer and nothing
Machine fertilizer is used cooperatively, and applying before site preparation or during site preparation and use barnyard manure, deep ploughing is carried out and ploughs deeply more than 30cm, and matting is applied with ploughing
The high-quality organic fertilizer such as fertilizer 25-40t/hm2；
Step 2, crop field ridging：30-60 centimetres of mechanical ridging and row spacing, ridge are high 5-10 centimetres, are spaced 8-20 centimetres；
Step 3, transplanting time：After 2 layers of section leaf of greenhouse seedling, hardening is transplanted after 2 weeks；
Step 4, planting density：By spacing in the rows be 10-15cm, line-spacing is 10-12cm, and keep a full stand of seedings density 30~500,000 plants/
hm2；
Step 5, method for planting：It is colonized using well kiln formula, is dug a well by spacing in the rows vertebra formula, transplanted seedling nutrition is planted less than well kiln ground
Below face 0.5cm, makees bottom abdominal pressure and plants earthing, then suitably covers pressure；
6th, field management
Step one, tillage and weeding：First time tillage and weeding when seedling was unearthed including 25-35 days after transplanting；Seedling tendril is long by 5~
Second tillage and weeding during 10cm；And third time tillage and weeding during seedling tendril 20-25cm long；Herbicidal methods are from weeds basal part of stem
Cut or sliding trackle weeds stalk, aerial part stays in original place, be allowed to nature and dry up, such Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril preserves from；
Step 2, training are pinching：Excessively prosperous complicated and confused 15~20cm of stem apex of aerial or so is prescinded in growth medium, can be pressed down
Aerial growth processed, improves illumination condition, reduces the respiration consumption of tendril bottom；
Step 3, built：Realize carrying out built to Lip river Radix Codonopsis using shelf；
Step 4, topdress：Use based on quick-acting fertilizer, foliage-spray mode is realized topdressing；
Step 5, water management：Ensure that Lip river Radix Codonopsis cultivating soil is less than 100-200g/kg in 0~20cm soil moisture in layer；
7th, next year field management is transplanted
Step one, weeding：First Year weeding 2 times after field planting, for the first time in 7~l0 centimetres of plant height, second in plant height
At 20~25 centimetres；More than 2 years persons are transplanted, postemergence weed control is gone out once in annual early spring；
Step 2, fertilizing management：Combined with inorganic phase according to organic, the principle that base manure is combined with topdressing, carried out balance
Fertilising：1. based on nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer compounding application；2. topdressed by main compounding application of base manure；3. based on farm manure, chemical fertilizer
Compounding application；To improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, the simple side effect for applying chemical fertilizer is overcome, to improve the quality of Chinese medicine；
Step 3, water management：Should not be added water during more than 15 centimetres of height of seedling point；
Step 4, built：When height of seedling is in 25 centimetres, " people " cabinet frame or tripod can be taken with bamboo pole or branch etc.；
8th, Lip river Radix Codonopsis pest and disease damage, crop smothering, the plague of rats and its preventing and treating.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, specific Seed Collecting Methods are in Lip river Radix Codonopsis overground part
Tendril frost kills withered and yellow, after nutrition has been transported to subterranean root in stalk, when stalk is dry, prescinds tendril and transports threshing place back, puts
Shone 7~10 under sunlight, part outstanding achievement is split after dry, you can threshing.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, specific methods of threshing is in canvas or hardening field
Spread into Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril out 20~30cm thin layers on the ground, gently struck until seed is ejected with waddy etc., sub-sieve is used after threshing
Selection by winnowing is cleaned or carried out, impurity is removed；Then be further dried the standard water-content of Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed for 11.5%~
13.0%；To dry in the shade, its method is in the winter time under cryogenic conditions, seed to be put into ventilation on canvas and is dried in the air to drying means, spreads into 3 out
~5cm thin layers, duty is stirred, or is fitted into cotton bag to be hung over and dry under the mat shelter for drying ventilation.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, specific storage practice is control temperature at 0 DEG C
Under~5 DEG C of cryogenic conditions and avoid sootiness or contact salt, moisture control below 13%, using cotton bag or paper bag kind
Storage avoids high light and thermal source.
It is to do sth. in advance seed in seed treatment processes in foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods
Germination, can use the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature；Seed is specifically put into 40~50 DEG C of warm water immersions, then son of sowing seeds while stirring will
Seed is taken out and is fitted into cloth bag, is rinsed for several times with clear water, and the cm thick of ground upper berth fine sand 10, sack is placed on above indoors,
8 DEG C -12 DEG C or so of keeping temperature, daily with 40 DEG C of -50 DEG C of warm water washings 1 time, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally within 3-7 days by sowing.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, the seedling medium is using from charing paddy
Shell or sawdust, sieving cinder powder and fine perlite are the fundamental component of matrix, and its above-mentioned weight portion is respectively：Charing rice hulls
Or sawdust 60-80 parts, sieving cinder powder is 10-20 parts, and fine perlite is 10-20 parts.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, first base manure is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ground in ridging
Then table, earth of gently digging immediately after apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 200-400kg/hm2, or urea 150-350kg/hm2And peroxophosphoric acid
Ca45 0-650kg/hm2, realize the full and uniform mixing of clay fertilizer.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, specific built method is to use solid growth
I.e. built new cultivation technology, long-stalked crops are planted by between the Radix Codonopsis of Lip river, and the long-stalked crops canopy gives birth to early stage in Lip river Radix Codonopsis
Shade, thermoregulatory effect are played, is the Lip river Radix Codonopsis cool stem created suitable microhabitat, long-stalked crops can be utilized again of fertility early stage happiness
Stalk plays support built.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, topdress based on potash fertilizer, and be made into using water
0.2% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprinkling blade face, sprayed 1 time, even spray 3~4 times every 10 days.Lack other micro- fertilizer
When can overcome the fertilizer deficiency disease of Lip river Radix Codonopsis with liquid sprinkling supplement at any time.
In foregoing Lip river Radix Codonopsis roc floating fast seedling growing and implantation methods, the fertilizing management of next year field management is transplanted
In, specifically, when height of seedling is in 15 centimetres, in the ranks 8-15 centimeters in root open 4-8 centimetres of zanjon, apply people and animals' fecaluria, and every mu is applied
Farm manure 1 500~2 250 kilogram, earth up after applying；Or every mu of 10-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate is applied again, it is impossible to apply and be extremely easy in decomposition
Fertilizer and plant ash, in the fall after frost, impose more winter top dressing, every mu is applied 1800-2500 kilograms of farm manure, can effectively improve Lip river
The specific yield of Radix Codonopsis.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, compared with prior art, the present invention can greatly improve Lip river Radix Codonopsis yield and
Quality, and do mechanization operation is realized, unit of the product is substantially increased so as not to output, improve income and the enterprise of local farmers
Efficiency, with very strong economic interests and social benefit.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention：
Lip river Radix Codonopsis greenhouse floating seedlings planting technology
--- Guizhou Kang Nuoyuan bio tech ltd
In the experimental basis in Yang Ba villages Ling Ping bases and flint groove base, with reference to the plantation experience of conventional Radix Codonopsis, to Lip river
Radix Codonopsis greenhouse floating seedlings planting technology is summarized as follows：
First, alternative seed
1st, collect seed
Select that robust growth, root body be thick, seed collecting field is made in no disease and pests harm Lip river Radix Codonopsis field, gathered with biennial above Lip river Radix Codonopsis
Seed.Harvest time treats that fruit softens in yellowish-brown about in October early and middle ten dayses, shows ripe during seed dark brown, can be with
Harvesting.The most frequently used acquisition method is to kill withered and yellow in Lip river Radix Codonopsis overground part tendril frost, and nutrition has been transported to subterranean root in stalk
Afterwards, when the few juice of stalk is dry, tendril will be prescinded with some simple hand tools such as reaping hooks etc., will be handled with care, reduce shattering, fortune
Grain place back off, is put and shine 7~10 under sunlight, and part outstanding achievement is split after dry, you can threshing.
2nd, threshing, drying
In by the end of October to selecting fair weather threshing during November 20.Methods of threshing is：In canvas or other hardened places
On, spread into Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril out 20~30cm thin layers, gently to be beaten with waddy etc., outstanding achievement is opened in shake, and seed ejection is trembled with wood fork
Go tendril.Selection by winnowing is cleaned with sub-sieve or carried out after threshing, removes impurity, empty flat grain and dust.In operating process it is noted that
Try not to damage seed, injured germination capacity of seeds is poor.
Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed will be further dried after being planted only through threshing, should be dried to the standard water-content of seed.Lip river Radix Codonopsis kind
The standard water-content of son is 11.5%~13.0%, average 12%.To dry in the shade, its method is cryogenic conditions in the winter time to drying means
Under, seed is put into ventilation on canvas and is dried in the air, spread into 3~5cm thin layers out, duty is stirred, or is fitted into cotton bag and is hung over dry ventilation
Mat shelter under dry；Can not high temperature be exposed to the sun or dry in short term.
3rd, the storage of Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed
Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed is tiny, and energy content is little, not storage tolerance, and after storing 1 year at room temperature, it is left that germination percentage is down to 25%
The right side, after storing 2 years at room temperature, germination percentage is down to 3.7%, therefore next year seed should not be used as kind.In (0 DEG C~5 DEG C) guarantors of refrigerator
Depositing can extend seed longeivity.Therefore Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed storage period, control temperature as far as possible is under 0 DEG C~5 DEG C cryogenic conditions.Storage
Period will be lost germination percentage by sootiness or contact salt, seed.During the Radix Codonopsis the storage of seeds of Lip river moisture must 13% with
Under, heating can be otherwise breathed, lose germinating capacity.Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed is preferably mounted in cotton bag or the storage of paper bag kind, it is impossible to mounted in general
In logical polybag.During storage, notice that insect prevention is moistureproof, can not strong illumination, the place of thermal source, such as heating, stove can not be placed on
Near son or adobe kang etc..
4th, Lip river Radix Codonopsis nursery seed quality is evaluated
4.1 properties and characteristicses ovate-elliptics, it is long 1.5~1.8 millimeters, it is wide 0.6~1.2 millimeter.Surface sepia, there is light
Pool.Novel species sub-color yellowish-brown, aged seed color bronzing.Amplifying observation is visible close by vertical shape strain line, top blunt circle.Mass of 1000 kernel
0.26~0.31 gram；
Chitting piece accounts for total percentage during the measure germination percentage of 4.2 germination percentages refers to 100 seeds of Lip river Radix Codonopsis, commonly uses
Percentage is represented.Germination percentage assay method：Seed is soaked 10 hours with 55 DEG C of warm water, is pulled out and is spread out in the culture dish (metafiltration of upper berth one
Paper or other blotting papers) or be placed in gauze bag, vernalization under the conditions of putting 25 DEG C, water daily 1~2 time, treat that bud is sprouted, will test
Seed is divided into 4 groups, every group 100 or 50, is respectively put into 4 culture dishes, certain distance is kept between grain and grain, generally not
Seed size can be less than, in case seed infects mutually in spite of illness.Culture dish is placed in incubator or suitable place, and each culture dish will
Indicate seed title, start date of test, seed grain number etc., routine observation registration germination calculates germination percentage.Germination
Rate should be higher than that 80%；
4.3 potentialities of seed refer to that chitting piece number accounts for the percentage of total seed number to Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed at the appointed time, often
It is expressed as a percentage.Germination test is carried out with reference to germination percentage method, germinating energy is then calculated according to germination test：Germinating energy=
(from the germinative number ÷ experiment seeds sum started to germination peak) × 100%, or germinating energy=(germination in alloted days
Seed number ÷ experiment seeds sum) × 100%.Lip river Radix Codonopsis potentiality of seed is not less than 50%.Germinating energy i.e. explanation seed hair high
Bud is fast and neat, otherwise the seedling that the later stage goes out is small and weak, and value is low.
5th, Seed Treatment
In order to ensure smoothly emerging and prevent disease pest to cause harm for seed, seed disinfection must be carried out before broadcasting, generally use
25% or 50% carbendazim is dressed seed, and consumption is the 0.2%~1.0% of seed weight.
To make seed do sth. in advance germination, the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature can be used.Before sowing, select full, bright, health disease-free
Seed, mass of 1000 kernel is not less than 0.26 gram.Seed is put into 40~50 DEG C of warm water immersions, son of sowing seeds while stirring is down to water temperature
Untill hand can not help scalding.Then seed is taken out and is fitted into cloth bag, rinsed for several times with clear water, indoors 10 centimetres of ground upper berth fine sand
Thickness, sack is placed on above, 10 DEG C or so of keeping temperature, daily with 40 DEG C of warm water washings 1 time, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally within 5 days or so i.e.
Can sow., up to more than 80%, next year old kind of germination percentage is extremely low, should not be used as nursery for fresh seeds germination percentage.
2nd, culture facility and construction
1st, seedling raising greenhouse and nutrition pond
1.1 vinyl houses are built
It is triangular form vinyl house, it is wide 6 meters, 2.5 meters or so, depending on length is according to nursery quantity are risen, up to 15-20 meters,
Whole greenhouse moves towards same wind direction (generally north-south).From polyvinyl chloride Anti-fogging Film, (thickness is 0.1 ± 0.02 milli to canopy film
Rice, wide 8 meters or so), more than 2 nutrition ponds can be accommodated in canopy.The material for building greenhouse is suited measures to local conditions, generally bamboo-wood structure.
Two ends must set fixed door, and greenhouse both sides film can pull-up ventilation.
The construction of 1.2 nutrition ponds
The wooden frame that nutrition pond can be made of brick pond or timber.General every mu of supporting nutrition pond in crop field it is long because of physical features and
Greenhouse length determines that a greenhouse is advisable no more than two, wide 2.05-2.25 meters, deep 0.15 meter (seedlings nursing plate specification is 54 centimetres
× 33 6 centimetres of cm x, the width of nutrition pond is different and different because seedlings nursing plate width).Bottom of pond requirement severity, interior place mat is black
Color double-layer polyethylene film (can be substituted) with white film, with preventing water leakage and insulation.For anti-subterranean pest-insect break by the teeth film cause leakage
Water, can be in the long-acting insecticide pesticide such as appropriate Furadan is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on ground in pond before plastic film mulch.
Nutrition pond makes rear retaining, check nutrition pond whether leak, such as leak, the benefit that should discharge water film.
The requirement of 1.3 pairs of water quality and water
The running water or edible well water of sterilized and filtering can be employed as floating seedlings, and swag water is prohibitted the use of.For ease of
Management and calculating fertilizer amount, the depth of nutrition pond reclaimed water are uniformly controlled at 10 centimetres.
2nd, nursery material
2.1 seedlings nursing plates
Seed plate is made of polystyrene foam plastics, and feature is light quality, and the matrix and seedling for carrying moisture absorption can be floated on
It is resistance to bubble, corrosion-resistant on nutrition liquid level, there is certain mechanical strength, can be used 5 years or the longer time.
The seedlings nursing plate specification for using for 6 centimetres of 54 cm x, 33 cm x, every 17 × 20=340 of disk caves.
2.2 seedling mediums
Matrix requirement quality is light, hygroscopic, but not poor water, without putrefaction, has no toxic side effect.
It is the fundamental component of matrix, basic proportion of composing from charing rice hulls (or sawdust), cinder and fine perlite
It is 70% low charing rice hulls+15% sieving fine perlite of cinder powder+15%.
3rd, medium in tray and sowing
1st, seedlings nursing plate sterilization
Using more than 1 year seedlings nursing plate, culture medium residue must be removed after nursery terminates, must disappeared before nursery
Poison.Method is after being soaked with the formalin solution of 1-2%, to be positioned over shady place diaphragm seal more than 24 hours, Ran Houyong
Clear water is rinsed well and just can be used to odorlessness.
2nd, sabot
Before sabot, minuent charing rice hulls (or sawdust), cinder, fine perlite are well mixed, and are added in proportion
Suitable quantity of water moistens matrix, reaches agglomerating, the i.e. bulk condition of loosing one's grip of holding.Easily spilt from cave Xia Kou during matrix overdrying sabot, overly moist
Sabot can be caused uneven.
Will relatively many fillers during sabot.First each cigarette cave is all filled and led up with matrix, seedlings nursing plate surrounding or gently is then patted
Beat several times to promote matrix in cave to enrich naturally, then filled and led up with matrix, so 2-3 times, final blading card repeatedly.
The main points of sabot are to ensure that matrix is filled naturally in cave, not built on stilts, not tension.Matrix loadings are few in seedling-culturing dish cave
Can cause that matrix is loose to be easy to run off；Built on stilts the easily causing of matrix absorbs water not smooth and causes dry tack free；Loadings tension can cause base
The solid, liquid, gas three-phase of matter is out of proportion, causes that seedling growing way is weak, root system development is poor.
3rd, sow
From the sowing of high-quality capsuled seed, 3-5 seed is broadcast in each cave, seed plate is gently pressed with plank after finishing a disk
Surface, makes seed be absorbed in matrix, is suitably covered with the matrix for having configured after planting, and seed plate is put into nutrition pond and is floated, then with spray
Day with fog sprays clear water to surface wet on seed plate surface.
4th, seedbed management
1st, temperature and humidity management
Humiture in lid management canopy is taken off by canopy film.
From being seeded into the seeding stage：Strict Insulation is taken, makes the temperature of nursery panel surface close to 20-25 DEG C, to obtain
Obtain highest emergence rate.
Emerge to the cross phase：Still based on insulation, but in the case where fine day noon temperature is high, ventilation dewetting, cooling.
The cross phase is to seedling：This stage is avoiding based on extreme temperature.With the rise of temperature, to pay special attention to ventilation,
Temperature of shed highest prevents hyperthermal injury seedling no more than 30 DEG C.This period can roll the canopy film of surrounding, stronger ventilation amount,
Seedling is set to adapt to extraneous temperature and humidity conditions.
Extreme low temperature weather is run into, can be heated using the method for greenhouse set hut.Small arch is separately set up i.e. in nutrition pond
Canopy, covering and heat insulating film carries out double-layer heat insulation when meeting microthermal climate.Conventional Small plastic shed floating seedlings are in microthermal climate and night can
Using covering and heat insulatings such as straw screen or mat.
It is important to note that not more than 30 DEG C of temperature of shed in whole seedling raising process, relative humidity is higher than
90% duration is no more than two days.
2nd, thinning
Thinning is carried out during small cross phase to the grand cross phase, while heel in polishing being short of seedling, was both facilitated, and survived beneficial to seedling.
Small bamboo spike or other instruments take out the careful carrying substrates of seedling when filling the gaps with seedlings, and are then transplanted in the cave to be filled the gaps with seedlings, and thinning is heeled in
When answer health in rigorous concentration canopy.
3rd, add water or Additional nutrient solution
It is 10cm when water surface elevation is initial in nutrition pond.Because seedling absorbs and evaporates, nutrition liquid level can decline.Moisture steams
Nutrient density is higher during hair can cause nutrient solution, and seedling absorbs reduces nutrient density, both of which influence seedling normal growth.Must
Different situations can be distinguished when wanting to add water or Additional nutrient solution.
4th, seedling is practiced
It is seedling more reform of nature environment before transplanting that floating seedlings practice seedling, it is easy to seedling taking, improves the survival rate transplanted.Practice seedling
Time is shorter, and it is long that seedling goes back the seedling time after transplanting, and is short of seedling serious, directly results in that seedling is tardy and late growing stage plant uniformity
Not enough；The white silk seedling time is more long, and also the seedling time is shorter and planting percent is high for seedling, and seedling early sends out and the maturity period is neat.
The film of greenhouse both sides is pulled open ventilation by 5-7 days daytimes and evening before transplanting, and with closing on for transplanting
Enlarged opening, makes seedling blade full of elasticity, dehydration tolerance, improves transplanting survival rate and resistance.
5th, Field planting technology
1st, site preparation with foster and apply fertilizer
Should select that soil layer is deep, fertile loose, well-drained sandy loam, clay, low-lying land, salt-soda soil should not be selected
Plantation.Preceding stubble preferably the crops such as beans, potato class, rape, Cereal, can not continuous cropping, the period of crop-rotation takes more than 3 years.
Ground weeds bar is removed, 30cm is ploughed deeply once in the first winter ploughing plough in the first year, treat that field-transplanting ploughs plough once again, Lip river party
Ginseng fertilising will be based on the farm manure of high-quality, organic fertilizer is used cooperatively with inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer balance apply, heavy dressing with
Once use sufficient base manure.Base manure is before site preparation or applies during site preparation.Based on a large amount of slow-acting fertilizers such as barnyard manure.General with deep plough into
OK, 30cm is ploughed deeply after preceding results, the high-quality such as barnyard manure organic fertilizer about 30t/hm is applied with ploughing2。
2nd, crop field ridging
Make mechanical ridging according to plot ground potential condition, 50 centimetres of row spacing, ridge are high 5-10 centimetres, and ridge is spaced 10 centimetres, according to physical features
And make.
Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg/hm2, or urea 250kg/hm2With calcium superphosphate 550kg/hm2.It is first that base manure is uniform
Spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, earth of gently digging immediately after, accomplish the full and uniform mixing of clay fertilizer.
3rd, transplanting time
Transplanting time mid or late Febuary in spring, after 2 layers of section leaf of greenhouse seedling, hardening is after 2 weeks.
The external appearance characteristic of high quality seedling is：Healthy and strong, disease-free insect infection, have no mechanical damage, blade face is dark green, young tender, uniform, root
System is flourishing.
4th, planting density
Transplanting Density has two schemes, and one is the intensity scheme based on one, second-class commodity, and income is obtained with high price, can
By spacing in the rows 15cm, line-spacing 12cm field planting is planted from larger seedling, and density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 30~320,000 plants/hm2.Two be with two, it is third
Intensity scheme based on commodity, income is obtained with high yield, can be by spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 12cm field planting, from relatively small seedling
Plant, density of keeping a full stand of seedings is 500,000 plants/hm2, the former is adapted to the time that rainfall is plentiful, and there is the latter drought resisting to protect the function of producing.
5th, method for planting
It is colonized using well kiln formula, by well spacing 12cm, deep 5cm, big-and-middle seedling is alternate to be beaten by 15cm (or 10cm) spacing in the rows vertebra formula
Well, transplanted seedling nutrition is planted and is less than well kiln ground 0.5cm, is made bottom abdominal pressure and is planted earthing, then suitably covers pressure.
6th, field management
1st, tillage and weeding
Weed growth is rapid after Lip river Radix Codonopsis is transplanted, and strives fertilizer with Lip river Radix Codonopsis seedling, strives water, wins honour for, and such as pulls out not in time, it will make
Into farmland running to weeds.Weeding is timely, and in the seeding stage, weeds seedling rootlet is shallow, weeding saving of work and time.Typically when seedling is unearthed within 30 days after transplanting
Third time intertillage is removed when first time tillage and weeding, second tillage and weeding during seedling tendril 5~10cm long, and seedling tendril 25cm long
Grass.Cut wound or Lip river Radix Codonopsis seedling should not be broken during weeding.Behind seedling tendril envelope ridge, furrow face closing can suppress weed growth, but plant
Weed growth higher is vigorous, and Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril has been wrapped in weeds stalk, and easily tendril is hindered when pulling out, and herbicidal methods are from miscellaneous
Grass blade base portion is cut or sliding trackle weeds stalk, and aerial part stays in original place, is allowed to nature and dries up, and such Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril is not injured
Evil.
2nd, prune pinching
It is excessively prosperous in order to suppress aerial growth, reduce nutrient and too consume, make to grow balance, Second Year above and below the ground
In growth medium, aerial growth is excessively prosperous, and tendril layer is blocked up, when illumination is not enough, can suitably prune, that is, prescind aerial mistake
Prosperous complicated and confused 15~20cm of stem apex or so, can suppress aerial growth, improve illumination condition, and the breathing for reducing tendril bottom disappears
Consumption.
3rd, built
Lip river Radix Codonopsis is winding liana, and vines length is more in more than 1m, and indefinite inflorescence, late growth stage vines layer is thicker,
Strongly fragrant to cover ground, it is rotten climing to often result in bottom, has a strong impact on yield and quality, and traditional planting technology ignores this problem for a long time.
It is built new cultivation technology using solid growth by research in recent years, makees the stalks high such as early corn, mustard type rape for sparse and make
Thing, its canopy plays shade, thermoregulatory effect in Lip river Radix Codonopsis fertility early stage, and being that Lip river Radix Codonopsis fertility early stage happiness is cool creates suitable micro- life
Border, can utilize the stalk of long-stalked crops to play support built again, and the winding characteristic of Lip river Radix Codonopsis can automatically hang climing, prevent rotten
It is climing, photosynthetic efficiency is improved, accomplish the receipts of a season two, effectively improve the utilization rate of various natural resources；Can also be in height of seedling 30cm
Built is carried out as built material with thin bamboo or branch etc. between furrow, three or four one group are inserted in field, and top is tied up, with
Profit winding growth, so as to strengthen divulging information, breathe freely and light transmission.
4th, topdress
It is the key of Lip river Radix Codonopsis volume increase rationally to topdress, the purpose is to feed in time when Lip river Radix Codonopsis is metabolized vigorous to the big of nutriment in a fertilizer
Amount needs.Topdress based on quick-acting fertilizer, foliage-spray is so as to timely insufficient nutrient.General Lip river Radix Codonopsis topdresses with potash fertilizer
Based on, there is fertilizer deficiency symptom in 6~July full-bloom stage, is made into 0.2% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer with water or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays
Blade face, sprayed 1 time every 10 days, even spray 3~4 times.Lack other it is micro- fertile when can at any time with liquid spray supplement.Due to fertilizer after foliage spray
Solution or suspension are easily dried, the slightly higher leaf that can burn immediately of concentration, apply and can not excessive concentration.Will while topdressing
Note removing weeds in field in time, in case weeds strive fertilizer with Lip river Radix Codonopsis.
5th, water management
In the area for having irrigation conditions, Lip river Radix Codonopsis it is noted that irrigation is taked precautions against drought, if transplanting ground 0~20cm coat weights water content
It is accomplished by pouring water less than 100g/kg.And in rainy season, it should be noted that water drainage, prevent rotten.
7th, next year field management is transplanted
1st, weeding
Weeding is one of major measure of guarantee Lip river Radix Codonopsis yield.Therefore must duty cut weeds and loosen the soil, and anti-reed head reveal
Go out ground, loosen the soil preferably shallow, root is joined with antisitic defect, Feng Hanghou no longer loosens the soil.First Year weeding 2 times, exists for the first time after general field planting
During 7~l0 centimetres of plant height, second in 20~25 centimetres of plant height；More than 2 years persons are transplanted, postemergence weed control one is gone out in annual early spring
It is secondary.In weeding process, can combine and be topdressed.Weeding should select to be carried out in fine day, so can in time dry up weeds.
2nd, fertilizing management
Lip river Radix Codonopsis is happiness fertilizer-plant, and the fertilising of Lip river Radix Codonopsis should be according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of Lip river Radix Codonopsis, soil nutrient status and fertilizer
Effect, by soil testing, it is determined that corresponding dose and fertilizing method, are combined according to organic with inorganic phase, base manure with topdress
The principle being combined, carries out balance fertilizing：1. based on nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer compounding application；2. chased after by main compounding application of base manure
Fertilizer；3. based on farm manure, chemical fertilizer compounding application.On the basis of applications of farmyard manure, using a small amount of chemical fertilizer, two seed manures can be taken
Length, emergency mutually helps, and improves constantly soil supplying nutrient capability.The utilization rate of chemical fertilizer can be improved simultaneously, overcome simple administrationization
The side effect of fertilizer, to improve the quality of Chinese medicine.
In 6~July, when 15 centimetres of height of seedling (because rattan winding cannot apply fertilizer after height of seedling), in 10 centimetres of root in the ranks
Place opens 6 centimetres of zanjons, applies people and animals' fecaluria, and every mu is applied farm manure 1500~2 250 kilogram, is earthed up after applying；Also calcium superphosphate can be applied
15 kilograms.The fertilizer that urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate etc. are extremely easy in decomposition should not be applied.After this kind of Term Fertilization, if
Soil moisture is not enough, easy burn seedlings, causes seedling dead.In addition, plant ash should not be applied, plant ash can be such that seedling is formed greatly
Amount fibrous root and lateral root, have a strong impact on Lip river Radix Codonopsis production and quality.In the fall after frost, withered stem is sliced off, remove weeds, imposed
More winter top dressing, every mu is applied 2 000 kilograms of farm manures, can effectively improve the specific yield of Lip river Radix Codonopsis.
In the Radix Codonopsis production process of Lip river, farm manure ensure 3 500 thousand grams/acre of level above after, to seedling growth effect
Less, ammonium phosphate has a significant impact to the yield and quality of Lip river Radix Codonopsis, and calcium superphosphate amount of application is advisable with 10~20 kilograms.
3rd, water management
After transplanting to before emerging and seedling stage will often keep furrow face to moisten.When weather high temperature drying, soil drought are serious,
To water in time, the soil moisture content good to ensure soil.Regimen condition is needed depending on seedling growing state, should during more than 15 centimetres of height of seedling
Control moisture, will less water and do not water even, in order to avoid branches and leaves excessive growth.Seedling stage is suitably arid, is conducive to ginseng root to be grown in soil layer.
Keep earth's surface loose, moistened below earth's surface.It is noted that draining during rainy season set, in case rotten of ponding.
4th, built
The vines of Lip river Radix Codonopsis are 1~3 meter, and artificial cultivation answers built under conditions of not sheltering from heat or light naturally.Work as height of seedling
At 25 centimetres, " people " cabinet frame or tripod can be taken with bamboo pole or branch etc., so that vines are climbed, beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, strengthen light
Cooperation is used, and promotes seedling strong sprout prosperous, is reduced pest and disease damage and is occurred.Otherwise can caused by ventilation and penetrating light is bad rainy season seedling rot, evil of easily catching an illness,
The yield and quality of influence ginseng root, are also unfavorable for the maturation of seed.Some places seed field built, commodity field not built.If not
Built, with other long-stalked crops make also can, it is wound his thing and grow.
8th, Lip river Radix Codonopsis pest and disease damage and its preventing and treating
Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control principle：Put prevention first, integrated control is preferential using physical control and biological control, scientific and reasonable
Use chemical prevention, reach the purpose of production high-quality Lip river Radix Codonopsis.High poison, high residue, the height that can not be prohibited using country
Three cause (teratogenesis, carcinogenic, mutagenesis) agricultural chemicals and its mixed insecticide.The applications of pesticide should refer to perform standard GB/T 4285 and GB/
The regulation of T 8321.
9th, the crop smothering of Lip river Radix Codonopsis and its preventing and treating
After Lip river Radix Codonopsis spring comes up, Ying Jiancao is just removed, and prevents farmland running to weeds.If any dead seedling after transplanting, should combine fill the gaps with seedlings into
Weeding of row.6~8 centimetres of height of seedling can loosening soil, weeding, preferably it is shallow.Ridging is noted during weeding, prevents reed head from basseting, Feng Hanghou
Stop tillage and weeding.Preferably prevented and kill off in weeds Seedling Stage.Meanwhile, according to local condition, take the farmings such as Lip river Radix Codonopsis and corn, soya bean
The shift of crops rotation of crops is the effective measures for controlling Lip river Radix Codonopsis planting site weed encroachment.Only tillage control measure is mutually tied with chemical weed control
Close, good result could be obtained.
Farmland running to weeds is most afraid of in the Radix Codonopsis planting process of Lip river, weeds is removed and is to ensure that one of important measures of Lip river Radix Codonopsis volume increase.Lip river party
Weeds in ginseng planting site mainly have lady's-grass, eleusine indica, concave head amaranth, ox chickweed, small lamb's-quarters, field bindweed, purslane, smallflower galinsoga herb etc..
Lip river Radix Codonopsis is thought in research, and after planting before seedling or transplanting are first 5 days, with 24% if so liter/hectare of missible oil 1 is to water 750,000
Gram, sparge soil surface.After planting before seedling or transplant preceding 3 days, field benefit liter/hectare of missible oil 3 is applied with 33%, to 75 kilograms of water,
Even spraying is in soil surface.Sowing is preceding or transplants first 5 days, the 50% metribuzin wettable powder of per hectare before weeds are unearthed
1 kilogram, to 750 kilograms of water, even spraying is in soil surface.With if so missible oil preventive effect preferably, averagely the rate of preventing and kill off reaches
90.7%, it is secondly metribuzin wettable powder, averagely prevent and kill off rate up to 85.6%；Apply field benefit missible oil to take second place, averagely the rate of preventing and kill off reaches
82.0%.
Tenth, the plague of rats of Lip river Radix Codonopsis and its preventing and treating
The underground plague of rats of Lip river Radix Codonopsis mainly has Siberian chipmunk, vole, zokor, mountain mouse etc., Lip river Radix Codonopsis of causing harm throughout the year, it is aggrieved seriously
The block underproduction is up to more than 50%.Spring and autumn is the Period of reproductive peak of most of muroids, therefore, the opportunity for delivering poison bait should be being held in
Young mouse birth peak early stage.Total control strategy is " spring is general anti-, and the autumn and winter choose and control ".In Lip river Radix Codonopsis production area, emphasis does a good job of it 2
The large area control in~March and autumn and winter select the preventing and treating of high density area.Concrete measure is as follows：
1st, physical control is catched and killed using apparatuses such as plate folder, wire clip, cramp frame, mousetraps.
2nd, 1. biological control delivers C-shaped clostridium botulinum toxin.Poison bait concentration is 1~20,000 allen-Doisy units, put-on method
It is similar to conventional chemical poison bait, every mu of 20~30 heaps of dispensing, per 2~3 grams of heap.2. Sustainable use natural enemy.In nature, ground squirrel
Wolf, ermine, leopard cat, cat owl, snake and some bird of preys etc., are all mousing experts, therefore, forbid to excessively capture and kill without discrimination, should adequately protect
Good these natural enemies, this occurs to suppressing the plague of rats, promotes the ecological balance significant.
3rd, chemical prevention is to kill mouse with rat poison.At present the rat poison that uses mainly have diphacinone-Na, Warfarin,
Bromadiolone etc., its action character is that to kill mouse effect slow, muroid can continuous several times take food, until taken medicine agent runs up to a certain amount
Just it is poisoned to death afterwards.Poison bait is delivered and consumes minimum, place easily for muroid is found to be principle with manpower and materials.Delivered in hole, can be by
Poison bait is delivered on the road come in and gone out away from 0.1~0.3 meter of rat hole, mouse, and 0.1~0.2 gram is delivered per hole；By mouse mark bait throwing in, can be by poison
Bait is thrown in the often movable place of muroid, and every is delivered 0.5~1.0 gram.
11, the harvesting of Lip river Radix Codonopsis
1st, type of merchandize and specification
Lip river Radix Codonopsis is with single branch, stout and strong, chimera, taste is sweet, the thick quality of meat is preferred, and is a kind of traditional exporting.Below only
The commercial specification of Lip river Radix Codonopsis is introduced by taking bar party as an example.
In cone, stem trace is small and lack on head, and bar is more long for bar party, and there is a longitudinal grin lower end, surface brown rice color, section yellow-white,
There is radial texture, taste is sweet, be generally divided into 3 etc.：
(1) more than 1.2 centimetres of first-class reed head straight footpath, without deep-fried twisted dough sticks, damage by worms, impurity, go mouldy.
(2) more than 0.8 centimetre of second-class reed head straight footpath, other are with first-class.
(3) more than 0.5 centimetre of third reed head straight footpath, deep-fried twisted dough sticks are no more than 10%, and without ginseng seedling, other are with first-class.
2nd, suitable collecting time
Live field is harvested for 3 years, and growth can be harvested for 2 years after transplant field is planted, and be withered to before freezing with Lip river Radix Codonopsis aerial part
It is picking time, but to harvest performance optimal in two weeks before and after White Dew.
12, quality research
This problem is mainly with the different years of Chinese medicine Lip river, Guizhou Province Radix Codonopsis, natural crude drugs and artificial cultivation, traditional nursery
With greenhouse floating seedlings as research object, quality versus' research is carried out, set up Lip river codonopsis pilosula quality standard, be conducive to instructing
The GAP of Lip river Radix Codonopsis.
This problem passes through to study the preliminary conclusion that can be drawn：Lip river codonopsis pilosula is from finger-print, Lip river Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide class
For the globalities such as the measure of composition, the assay of lobetyolin, Different Ways of Planting and it is wild between quality do not have
Difference, but there were significant differences as a result to also demonstrate that the quality of medicinal material of different growth years.Increased heavy metal, arsenic simultaneously
Salt check item, finger-print, assay, for scientific evaluation and effectively control its quality to provide reliable method, more favorably
In the GAP for instructing Lip river Radix Codonopsis.
The work next to be done of this seminar is that the contrast that the Lip river codonopsis pilosula of different zones plantation carries out correlation is ground
Study carefully, the other compositions in finger-print can further be demarcated with reference to HPLC-MS methods in addition and its content is entered
Row is determined, and three is to carry out comprehensive pharmacological toxicology research, and the standard to having built up is proved.
The description of such scheme is the invention for being understood that and using for ease of those skilled in the art, is familiar with
The personnel of art technology obviously can easily make various modifications to embodiment, therefore, the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned reality
Scheme, those skilled in the art's the method according to the invention, does not depart from improvement that scope made and modification all should
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：The method includes following aspect：
First, alternative seed
Step one, seed collecting：Select that robust growth, root body be thick, seed collecting field is made in no disease and pests harm Lip river Radix Codonopsis field, with biennial above Lip river
Radix Codonopsis gather seed, harvest time about in October early and middle ten dayses, treat fruit in yellowish-brown soften, show during seed dark brown into
It is ripe, harvesting；
Step 2, threshing, drying：Choose annual by the end of October to selecting fair weather threshing during November 20；
Step 3, storage：Preserved under low temperature, dry environment；
Step 4, initial point selection：Ovate-elliptic, long 1.5~1.8 millimeters, wide 0.6~1.2 millimeter, mass of 1000 kernel 0.26~0.31
Gram, and germination percentage should be greater than more than 80%；
Step 5, sterilization of being dressed seed using 25% or 50% carbendazim prior to seeding, consumption are that consumption is seed weight
0.2%~1.0%；
2nd, culture facility and construction
Step one, greenhouse are built：Manufactured using same wind direction and at least 2 nutrition ponds, the nutrition pond depth of water are set in vinyl house, greenhouse
It is 10cm；Nutrition pond is made of brick pond or timber, interior place mat black double-layer polyethylene film, and equal on the ground of its bottom
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields long-acting pesticidal agricultural chemicals；
Step 2, nursery material：Seedlings nursing plate is made using polystyrene foam plastics and cave is set on seedlings nursing plate, in seedlings nursing plate
Interior placement seedling medium；
3rd, medium in tray and sowing
Using the seedlings nursing plate of more than 1 year and sterilize, sterilization method is after being soaked with the formalin solution of 1-2%, to be positioned over the moon
Liang Chu diaphragm seals more than 24 hours, are then rinsed well to odorlessness with clear water and just can be used and sabot；Using coating
Seed is sowed, and 3-5 seed is broadcast in each cave, and seed is absorbed in matrix, is suitably covered with the matrix for having configured after planting, by seed plate
Floating in nutrition pond is put into, then clear water to surface wet is sprayed on seed plate surface with sprayer；
4th, seedbed management
Temperature of shed is controlled for 20-25 DEG C from the seeding stage is seeded into；From the cross phase into seedling stage temperature of shed highest no more than
30℃；Heated using the method for greenhouse set hut when temperature is too low, i.e., Small plastic shed covering and heat insulating is separately set up in nutrition pond
Film realizes double-layer heat insulation；Relative humidity is not higher than 90% during whole；Added water according to actual conditions in time or nutrient solution ensures ginseng
Seedling normal growth；The film of greenhouse both sides is pulled open ventilation by 5-7 days daytimes and evening before transplanting, and with facing for transplanting
Closely enlarged opening, makes seedling blade full of elasticity, dehydration tolerance, improves transplanting survival rate and resistance realizes practicing the purpose of seedling；
5th, Field planting technology
Step one, site preparation with foster and apply fertilizer：Choose that soil layer is deep, fertile loose, well-drained sandy loam, and before the soil stubble with
The crops such as beans, potato class, rape, Cereal preferably, can not continuous cropping, the period of crop-rotation takes more than 3 years；Using organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer
Use cooperatively, applying before site preparation or during site preparation and use barnyard manure, deep ploughing is carried out and ploughs deeply more than 30cm, and barnyard manure etc. is applied with ploughing
High-quality organic fertilizer 25-40t/hm2；
Step 2, crop field ridging：30-60 centimetres of mechanical ridging and row spacing, ridge are high 5-10 centimetres, are spaced 8-20 centimetres；
Step 3, transplanting time：After 2 layers of section leaf of greenhouse seedling, hardening is transplanted after 2 weeks；
Step 4, planting density：It is 10-15cm by spacing in the rows, line-spacing is 10-12cm, and density of keeping a full stand of seedings is in 30~500,000 plants/hm2；
Step 5, method for planting：It is colonized using well kiln formula, is dug a well by spacing in the rows vertebra formula, transplanted seedling nutrition is planted and is less than well kiln ground
Below 0.5cm, makees bottom abdominal pressure and plants earthing, then suitably covers pressure；
6th, field management
Step one, tillage and weeding：First time tillage and weeding when seedling was unearthed including 25-35 days after transplanting；During seedling tendril 5~10cm long
Second tillage and weeding；And third time tillage and weeding during seedling tendril 20-25cm long；Herbicidal methods be from weeds basal part of stem cut or
Sliding trackle weeds stalk, aerial part stays in original place, is allowed to nature and dries up, and such Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril preserves from；
Step 2, training are pinching：Excessively prosperous complicated and confused 15~20cm of stem apex of aerial or so is prescinded in growth medium, can suppress ground
Upper some growth, improves illumination condition, reduces the respiration consumption of tendril bottom；
Step 3, built：Realize carrying out built to Lip river Radix Codonopsis using shelf；
Step 4, topdress：Use based on quick-acting fertilizer, foliage-spray mode is realized topdressing；
Step 5, water management：Ensure that Lip river Radix Codonopsis cultivating soil is less than 100-200g/kg in 0~20cm soil moisture in layer；
7th, next year field management is transplanted
Step one, weeding：First Year weeding 2 times after field planting, for the first time in 7~l0 centimetres of plant height, second plant height 20~
At 25 centimetres；More than 2 years persons are transplanted, postemergence weed control is gone out once in annual early spring；
Step 2, fertilizing management：Combined with inorganic phase according to organic, the principle that base manure is combined with topdressing, carried out balance fertilizing：
1. based on nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer compounding application；2. topdressed by main compounding application of base manure；3. based on farm manure, chemical fertilizer coordinates
Using；To improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, the simple side effect for applying chemical fertilizer is overcome, to improve the quality of Chinese medicine；
Step 3, water management：Should not be added water during more than 15 centimetres of height of seedling point；
Step 4, built：When height of seedling is in 25 centimetres, " people " cabinet frame or tripod can be taken with bamboo pole or branch etc.；
8th, Lip river Radix Codonopsis pest and disease damage, crop smothering, the plague of rats and its preventing and treating.
2. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：It is specific to collect seed
Method is to kill withered and yellow in Lip river Radix Codonopsis overground part tendril frost, after nutrition has been transported to subterranean root in stalk, when stalk is dry, is prescinded
Tendril transports threshing place back, puts and shine 7~10 under sunlight, and part outstanding achievement is split after dry, you can threshing.
3. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Specific threshing
Method is to spread into Lip river Radix Codonopsis tendril out 20~30cm thin layers on canvas or hardened place, is gently struck until seed with waddy etc.
Ejection, cleans with sub-sieve or carries out selection by winnowing after threshing, remove impurity；Then the standard that Lip river Radix Codonopsis seed is further dried contains
Water is 11.5%~13.0%；To dry in the shade, its method is in the winter time under cryogenic conditions, seed to be put and lead on canvas to drying means
Dried in the air at wind, spread into 3~5cm thin layers out, duty is stirred, or be fitted into cotton bag to hang over and dry under the mat shelter for drying ventilation.
4. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Specific storage
Method be control temperature under 0 DEG C~5 DEG C cryogenic conditions and avoid sootiness or contact salt, moisture control 13% with
Under, high light and thermal source are avoided using cotton bag or the storage of paper bag kind.
5. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：At seed
To make seed do sth. in advance germination during reason, the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature can be used；Seed is specifically put into 40~50 DEG C of warm water immersions, side
Stirring side is sowed seeds son, is then taken out seed and is fitted into cloth bag, with clear water flushing for several times, 10 centimetres of ground upper berth fine sand indoors
Thickness, sack is placed on above, 8 DEG C -12 DEG C or so of keeping temperature, and daily with 40 DEG C of -50 DEG C of warm water washings 1 time, seed reveals within 3-7 days
Can sowing when white.
6. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：The nursery
It is the fundamental component of matrix that matrix is used from charing rice hulls or sawdust, sieving cinder powder and fine perlite, and its is above-mentioned heavy
Amount part is respectively：Charing rice hulls or sawdust 60-80 parts, sieving cinder powder are 10-20 parts, and fine perlite is 10-20 parts.
7. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：In ridging
First base manure is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, then earth of gently digging immediately after apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 200-400kg/hm2, or urea
150-350kg/hm2With calcium superphosphate 450-650kg/hm2,, realize the full and uniform mixing of clay fertilizer.
8. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Specifically take
Frame method is, using solid growth i.e. built new cultivation technology, to plant long-stalked crops by between the Radix Codonopsis of Lip river, the long-stalked crops
Canopy plays shade, thermoregulatory effect in Lip river Radix Codonopsis fertility early stage, is the suitable microhabitat of the Lip river Radix Codonopsis fertility cool creation of early stage happiness, and
The stalk of long-stalked crops can be utilized to play support built.
9. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Topdress with potassium
Based on fertilizer, and 0.2% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprinkling blade face are made into using water, were sprayed 1 time every 10 days, even
Spray 3~4 times.Lack other it is micro- fertile when can overcome the fertilizer deficiency disease of Lip river Radix Codonopsis with liquid sprinkling supplement at any time.
10. Radix Codonopsis roc in Lip river according to claim 1 floats fast seedling growing and implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Transplant secondary
In the fertilizing management of year field management, specifically, when height of seedling is in 15 centimetres, in the ranks root 8-15 centimeters open 4-8 centimetres it is deep
Ditch, applies people and animals' fecaluria, and every mu is applied farm manure 1 500~2 250 kilogram, is earthed up after applying；Or every mu of calcium superphosphate 10-20 thousand is applied again
Gram, it is impossible to the fertilizer and plant ash being extremely easy in decomposition are applied, in the fall after frost, more winter top dressing is imposed, every mu is applied 1800-2500 kilograms
Farm manure, can effectively improve the specific yield of Lip river Radix Codonopsis.
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| CN107484534A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-19 | 巫溪县瑞雪药材种植有限责任公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Radix Codonopsis high yield and preventing disease and pest |
| CN108157097A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 贵州省生物研究所 | A kind of Radix Codonopsis Pregermination and seedling breeding method |
| CN108314529A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-07-24 | 遵义医学院 | A kind of Radix Codonopsis mill water culture nutrient solution and preparation method and application |
| CN108738896A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-06 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | Lip river Radix Codonopsis planting unit |
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| CN107484534A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-19 | 巫溪县瑞雪药材种植有限责任公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of Radix Codonopsis high yield and preventing disease and pest |
| CN108157097A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-15 | 贵州省生物研究所 | A kind of Radix Codonopsis Pregermination and seedling breeding method |
| CN108157097B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2021-05-18 | 贵州省生物研究所 | Codonopsis pilosula germination accelerating and seedling raising method |
| CN108314529A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-07-24 | 遵义医学院 | A kind of Radix Codonopsis mill water culture nutrient solution and preparation method and application |
| CN108738896A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-06 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | Lip river Radix Codonopsis planting unit |
| CN112352647A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-12 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Ecological planting method for codonopsis pilosula |
| CN112514719A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-19 | 安徽省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest |
| CN112673826A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Seedling breeding method using dangshen reed heads |
| CN112772332A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-11 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Seedling growing and planting method for codonopsis pilosula in Banqiao mode |
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