CN112514719A - Method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest - Google Patents
Method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN112514719A CN112514719A CN202011259872.1A CN202011259872A CN112514719A CN 112514719 A CN112514719 A CN 112514719A CN 202011259872 A CN202011259872 A CN 202011259872A CN 112514719 A CN112514719 A CN 112514719A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035929 gnawing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005946 Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cypermethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C=C(Cl)Cl)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005424 cypermethrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009350 relay intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for interplanting pasture in a deciduous forest; the method comprises the following planting steps: (1) preparing a planting field, (2) building a greenhouse, (3) treating seeds, (4) sowing and raising seedlings, and (5) managing and harvesting growth. The method utilizes the opportunity that the deciduous forest trees are dormant in autumn and winter, leaves are withered and illumination conditions in the forest are sufficient, grass is planted in a greenhouse in winter under the forest, and the grass can be harvested and listed in the second year in the best selling period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for interplanting pasture in a deciduous forest.
Background
At present, pasture is an important feed for herbivorous livestock, and breeding of high-yield and high-quality pasture is a precondition and basis for developing high-efficiency animal husbandry.
In North and Central China, a large number of artificial forests are deciduous forest forests, and the deciduous trees stagnate in spring and summer and cover up the sun; in winter, leaves wither, illumination in the forest is sufficient, tree spacing is uniform and reasonable, available land area is huge, and under-forest relay intercropping planting can be completely carried out to improve the utilization efficiency of the land. However, due to the lack of interplanting technology and experience, the available land is idle in a large amount and is not utilized for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for interplanting pasture in a deciduous forest, which can just utilize idle forest land to perform pasture greenhouse planting in the period, thereby saving the planting cost and effectively utilizing the idle land.
A method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest comprises the following steps:
a method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forests is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting field: selecting an open forest land with the daily average temperature not lower than-2 ℃ and the daily average illumination intensity of 3000-5000Lux as a planting field for interplanting the pasture after the leaves of the deciduous forest trees are fallen in autumn, selecting an open forest land with the forest tree spacing of 2mx3 m-2 mx6m as a planting field for the pasture, cleaning the dead branches and the like of the fallen leaves on the planting field, excavating a drainage ditch along the row gaps of the forest trees, covering soil on the middle space, selecting the covered soil with well-piled air-permeable culture soil to be mixed with river sand and garden soil, using the obtained soil bed as a planting substrate of the pasture, and enabling the thickness of the soil bed to be 13-15 cm;
(2) building a greenhouse: building a small planting arched shed in the gaps of the forest along the width of the dug ditch, wherein the arched shed is 2-2.5m in width, 10-15m in length and 1.5-1.7m in height, and a light-transmitting polyvinyl chloride greenhouse film is used as a film for covering the arched shed;
(3) seed treatment: selecting third-generation improved forage grass seeds, diluting the forage grass seeds by 300 times by adopting 20-30% formalin, soaking the forage grass seeds for 5-8 minutes, uniformly tedding the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, tedding the seeds to a thickness of 2-3cm, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 12-20 hours, turning the seeds once every 30-50 minutes, adding the uniformly-sunned rice seeds and a special seed coating agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a weight ratio of 3:1, stirring the seeds for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1400r/min, then sending the stirred mixture into a dryer, and drying the mixture for 50 minutes at a temperature of 30 ℃;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sterilizing and disinfecting the greenhouse and the soil bed, then thoroughly watering the soil bed with clear water, row-sowing on the ploughed land in a mode of row spacing of 20-25 cm and 3-5kg per mu, and then covering the sowing grooves with nutrient soil; during the period before seedling emergence, keeping the soil bed wet, keeping the water content of the planting substrate at 70-80%, the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 10-18 ℃ at night, and keeping the humidity of the substrate at 40-50% after seedling emergence;
(5) growth management and harvesting: thinning when the grass sprouts and grows to 4-5cm high, topdressing organic fertilizer to the soil bed in time after thinning, weeding and preventing insects in the growing period, simultaneously taking measures to prevent the gnawing of the rats and the insects and the gnawing of the livestock and trampling, and correspondingly fertilizing according to the growth period;
and (3) after the winter is finished and the temperature is raised, dismantling the arched shed, harvesting two crops of forage grass in the middle 6 th and the middle 9 th of each year, wherein the harvesting strength of the two crops is 5cm of stalks reserved on the ground, and simultaneously ensuring timely irrigation within 1-2 days after each crop is harvested.
Preferably, the seed coating agent in step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 part of pesticide, 0.2 part of chitosan, 7 parts of adhesive, 1 part of bactericide, 0.5 part of sodium tungstate, 6 parts of nutrient additive, 0.04 part of germination accelerator and 40 parts of water.
Preferably, the breathable nutrient soil in the step (1) contains bran, plant ash, straw crushed materials, sawdust, peat soil, perlite, medical stone and other components, and the mixture is mixed and stacked in the open air, and is sprayed with water to be thoroughly decomposed to obtain the required breathable nutrient soil.
Preferably, the preparation method of the coating agent special for seeds comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing each component raw material of the coating agent according to requirements;
adding water into a reaction kettle with a stirrer, heating to 45-55 ℃, adding sodium tungstate, a nutrient additive, a bactericide and an insecticide, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-35 r/min for 25-35 minutes, cooling to 25-35 ℃, adding a germination promoter, and continuously stirring for 8-12 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
and step three, placing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium alginate, chitosan, an adhesive and polyvinyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring for 20-30 minutes at 50-60 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 250-350r/min, cooling to 25-35 ℃ to obtain a viscous colloid, adding the mixed solution A prepared in the step two, and continuing to stir for 25-35 minutes to obtain the chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite material.
Preferably, the preparation method of the third generation improved pasture seeds in the step (3) is as follows:
interplanting the grass seeds and the corn seeds in a well-organized field; planting a row of pasture and a row of corn at intervals; controlling the flowering phases of the pasture and the corn to be the same, pollinating the pasture by adopting corn pollen, and collecting a generation of improved pasture; interplanting the first-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in the well-organized field again, controlling the flowering phase of the first-generation improved forage grass to be the same as that of the corn, pollinating the first-generation improved forage grass by adopting corn pollen, and harvesting the second-generation improved forage grass; and interplanting the second-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in a well-organized field, and harvesting the third-generation improved forage grass seeds according to the mode.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peanut cake, 20-30 parts of straw, 2-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6-8 parts of zymophyte powder, 2-4 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 16-18 parts of slaked lime and 7-9 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
Preferably, the corresponding fertilization is carried out according to the growth cycle, and specifically, the fertilization proportion is carried out according to 10-15 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 4-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 2-4 kg/mu of potassium, 1-2 kg/mu of calcium, 0.1-0.3 kg/mu of magnesium and 0.04-0.06 kg/mu of boron in the whole cycle of seedling, plant and branch growth, shrinkage growth and regeneration growth.
Preferably, the pesticide is a mixture of cypermethrin and phoxim in a weight ratio of 2: 3.
Preferably, the binder is a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol and acacia gum according to a ratio of 2:1: 1.
Preferably, the bactericide is a mixture of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, amidazole and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 1:2:1
Compared with the prior art, the insect-proof and anti-freezing treatment method for the newly planted arbor in winter has the following advantages:
in the method, the fallen leaf forest trees are utilized to plant the pasture grass under the forest, in autumn and winter, the illumination intensity in the forest is high, the illumination condition is good, and the planted pasture grass has excellent quality; moreover, because the pasture is planted in the forest land in winter, the living activity degree of germs and pests is low, and the using amount of pesticide and fertilizer in the growing period of the pasture can be reduced, so that the planting cost of the pasture can be reduced; the pasture is planted in autumn and winter, can be harvested in advance and put on the market, and can enable farmers to obtain higher planting benefits.
The method can effectively utilize idle forest lands, reduce the use cost of land in pasture planting, reduce the occupation of arable land, has good economic value and great strategic significance, and can reduce the burden of insufficient arable land area in China.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting field: selecting an open forest land with the daily average temperature not lower than-2 ℃ and the daily average illumination intensity of 3000-5000Lux as a planting field for interplanting the pasture after the leaves of the deciduous forest trees are fallen in autumn, selecting an open forest land with the forest tree spacing of 2mx3 m-2 mx6m as a planting field for the pasture, cleaning the dead branches and the like of the fallen leaves on the planting field, excavating a drainage ditch along the row gaps of the forest trees, covering soil on the middle space, selecting the covered soil with well-piled air-permeable culture soil to be mixed with river sand and garden soil, using the obtained soil bed as a planting substrate of the pasture, and enabling the thickness of the soil bed to be 13-15 cm;
(2) building a greenhouse: building a small planting arched shed in the gaps of the forest along the width of the dug ditch, wherein the arched shed is 2-2.5m in width, 10-15m in length and 1.5-1.7m in height, and a light-transmitting polyvinyl chloride greenhouse film is used as a film for covering the arched shed;
(3) seed treatment: selecting third-generation improved forage grass seeds, diluting the forage grass seeds by 300 times by using 20% formalin, soaking the forage grass seeds for 5 minutes, uniformly tedding the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, tedding the seeds to a thickness of 2-3cm, solarizing sunlight for 12 hours, turning the seeds once every 30 minutes, adding the uniformly-sunned rice seeds and a special seed coating agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a weight ratio of 3:1, stirring the mixture for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1400r/min, then sending the stirred mixture into a dryer, and drying the mixture for 50 minutes at a temperature of 30 ℃;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sterilizing and disinfecting the greenhouse and the soil bed, then thoroughly watering the soil bed with clear water, row-sowing on the ploughed land in a mode of row spacing of 20 cm and 3kg per mu, and then covering the sowing grooves with nutrient soil; during the period before seedling emergence, keeping the soil bed wet, keeping the water content of the planting substrate at 70-80%, the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 10-18 ℃ at night, and keeping the humidity of the substrate at 40-50% after seedling emergence;
(5) growth management and harvesting: thinning when the grass sprouts and grows to 4-5cm high, topdressing organic fertilizer to the soil bed in time after thinning, weeding and preventing insects in the growing period, simultaneously taking measures to prevent the gnawing of the rats and the insects and the gnawing of the livestock and trampling, and correspondingly fertilizing according to the growth period;
and (3) after the winter is finished and the temperature is raised, dismantling the arched shed, harvesting two crops of forage grass in the middle 6 th and the middle 9 th of each year, wherein the harvesting strength of the two crops is 5cm of stalks reserved on the ground, and simultaneously ensuring timely irrigation within 1-2 days after each crop is harvested.
Wherein the seed special coating agent in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 part of pesticide, 0.2 part of chitosan, 7 parts of adhesive, 1 part of bactericide, 0.5 part of sodium tungstate, 6 parts of nutrient additive, 0.04 part of germination accelerator and 40 parts of water.
The breathable nutrient soil in the step (1) contains bran, plant ash, straw crushed materials, sawdust, peat soil, perlite, medical stone and other components, and the mixture is mixed and stacked in the open air, and is sprayed with water to be thoroughly decomposed to obtain the required breathable nutrient soil.
The preparation method of the coating agent special for the seeds comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing each component raw material of the coating agent according to requirements;
adding water into a reaction kettle with a stirrer, heating to 45-55 ℃, adding sodium tungstate, a nutrient additive, a bactericide and an insecticide, stirring at the stirring speed of 200r/min for 25 minutes, cooling to 25 ℃, adding a germination promoter, and continuously stirring for 8 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
and step three, placing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium alginate, chitosan, an adhesive and polyvinyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring for 20 minutes at 50 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 250r/min, so that the mixture becomes a viscous colloid, cooling to 25 ℃, adding the mixed solution A prepared in the step two, and continuously stirring for 25 minutes to obtain the nano-composite material.
The preparation method of the third generation improved pasture seeds in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
interplanting the grass seeds and the corn seeds in a well-organized field; planting a row of pasture and a row of corn at intervals; controlling the flowering phases of the pasture and the corn to be the same, pollinating the pasture by adopting corn pollen, and collecting a generation of improved pasture; interplanting the first-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in the well-organized field again, controlling the flowering phase of the first-generation improved forage grass to be the same as that of the corn, pollinating the first-generation improved forage grass by adopting corn pollen, and harvesting the second-generation improved forage grass; and interplanting the second-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in a well-organized field, and harvesting the third-generation improved forage grass seeds according to the mode.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of peanut cake, 20 parts of straw, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 6 parts of zymophyte powder, 2 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 16 parts of slaked lime and 7 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The fertilizer is applied correspondingly according to the growth cycle, and specifically, the fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 10 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 4 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 2 kg/mu of potassium, 1 kg/mu of calcium, 0.1 kg/mu of magnesium and 0.04 kg/mu of boron in the whole cycle of seedling, plant and branch growth, shrinkage growth and regeneration growth.
The pesticide is a mixture of cypermethrin and phoxim according to the weight ratio of 2: 3.
Wherein the adhesive is a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose, glycol and Arabic gum according to a ratio of 2:1: 1.
Wherein the bactericide is a mixture of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, amidazole and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 1:2: 1.
Example 2
A method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting field: selecting an open forest land with the daily average temperature not lower than-2 ℃ and the daily average illumination intensity of 3000-5000Lux as a planting field for interplanting the pasture after the leaves of the deciduous forest trees are fallen in autumn, selecting an open forest land with the forest tree spacing of 2mx3 m-2 mx6m as a planting field for the pasture, cleaning the dead branches and the like of the fallen leaves on the planting field, excavating a drainage ditch along the row gaps of the forest trees, covering soil on the middle space, selecting the covered soil with well-piled air-permeable culture soil to be mixed with river sand and garden soil, using the obtained soil bed as a planting substrate of the pasture, and enabling the thickness of the soil bed to be 13-15 cm;
(2) building a greenhouse: building a small planting arched shed in the gaps of the forest along the width of the dug ditch, wherein the arched shed is 2.5m in width, 15m in length and 1.7m in height, and a light-transmitting polyvinyl chloride greenhouse film is used as a film for covering the arched shed;
(3) seed treatment: selecting third-generation improved forage grass seeds, diluting the forage grass seeds by 300 times by using 20-30% formalin, soaking the forage grass seeds for 8 minutes, uniformly tedding the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, tedding the seeds to a thickness of 2-3cm, solarizing sunlight for 20 hours, turning the seeds once every 50 minutes, adding the uniformly-sunned rice seeds and a special seed coating agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a weight ratio of 3:1, stirring the mixture for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1400r/min, feeding the stirred mixture into a dryer, and drying the mixture for 50 minutes at a temperature of 30 ℃;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sterilizing and disinfecting the greenhouse and the soil bed, then thoroughly watering the soil bed with clear water, row-sowing on the ploughed land in a mode of row spacing of 25 cm and 5kg per mu, and then covering the sowing grooves with nutrient soil; during the period before seedling emergence, keeping the soil bed wet, keeping the water content of the planting substrate at 70-80%, the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 10-18 ℃ at night, and keeping the humidity of the substrate at 40-50% after seedling emergence;
(5) growth management and harvesting: thinning when the grass sprouts and grows to 4-5cm high, topdressing organic fertilizer to the soil bed in time after thinning, weeding and preventing insects in the growing period, simultaneously taking measures to prevent the gnawing of the rats and the insects and the gnawing of the livestock and trampling, and correspondingly fertilizing according to the growth period;
and (3) after the winter is finished and the temperature is raised, dismantling the arched shed, harvesting two crops of forage grass in the middle 6 th and the middle 9 th of each year, wherein the harvesting strength of the two crops is 5cm of stalks reserved on the ground, and simultaneously ensuring timely irrigation within 1-2 days after each crop is harvested.
Wherein the seed special coating agent in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 part of pesticide, 0.2 part of chitosan, 7 parts of adhesive, 1 part of bactericide, 0.5 part of sodium tungstate, 6 parts of nutrient additive, 0.04 part of germination accelerator and 40 parts of water.
The breathable nutrient soil in the step (1) contains bran, plant ash, straw crushed materials, sawdust, peat soil, perlite, medical stone and other components, and the mixture is mixed and stacked in the open air, and is sprayed with water to be thoroughly decomposed to obtain the required breathable nutrient soil.
The preparation method of the coating agent special for the seeds comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing each component raw material of the coating agent according to requirements;
adding water into a reaction kettle with a stirrer, heating to 55 ℃, adding sodium tungstate, a nutrient additive, a bactericide and an insecticide, stirring at the stirring speed of 300r/min for 35 minutes, cooling to 35 ℃, adding a germination promoter, and continuously stirring for 12 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
and step three, placing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium alginate, chitosan, an adhesive and polyvinyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring for 30 minutes at the temperature of 60 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 350r/min, so that the mixture becomes a viscous colloid, cooling to 35 ℃, adding the mixed solution A prepared in the step two, and continuously stirring for 35 minutes to obtain the water-soluble chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol.
The preparation method of the third generation improved pasture seeds in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
interplanting the grass seeds and the corn seeds in a well-organized field; planting a row of pasture and a row of corn at intervals; controlling the flowering phases of the pasture and the corn to be the same, pollinating the pasture by adopting corn pollen, and collecting a generation of improved pasture; interplanting the first-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in the well-organized field again, controlling the flowering phase of the first-generation improved forage grass to be the same as that of the corn, pollinating the first-generation improved forage grass by adopting corn pollen, and harvesting the second-generation improved forage grass; and interplanting the second-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in a well-organized field, and harvesting the third-generation improved forage grass seeds according to the mode.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of peanut cake, 30 parts of straw, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of zymophyte powder, 4 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 18 parts of slaked lime and 9 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The fertilizer is correspondingly applied according to the growth cycle, and specifically, the fertilizer is applied according to 15 kg/mu of nitrogenous fertilizer, 6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 4 kg/mu of potassium, 2 kg/mu of calcium, 0.3 kg/mu of magnesium and 0.06 kg/mu of boron in the whole cycle of seedling, plant and branch growth, shrinkage growth and regeneration growth.
The pesticide is a mixture of cypermethrin and phoxim according to the weight ratio of 2: 3.
Wherein the adhesive is a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose, glycol and Arabic gum according to a ratio of 2:1: 1.
Wherein the bactericide is a mixture of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, amidazole and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 1:2: 1.
Example 3
A method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting field: selecting an open forest land with the daily average temperature not lower than-2 ℃ and the daily average illumination intensity of 3000-5000Lux as a planting field for interplanting the pasture after the leaves of the deciduous forest trees are fallen in autumn, selecting an open forest land with the forest tree spacing of 2mx3 m-2 mx6m as a planting field for the pasture, cleaning the dead branches and the like of the fallen leaves on the planting field, excavating a drainage ditch along the row gaps of the forest trees, covering soil on the middle space, selecting the covered soil with well-piled air-permeable culture soil to be mixed with river sand and garden soil, using the obtained soil bed as a planting substrate of the pasture, and enabling the thickness of the soil bed to be 13-15 cm;
(2) building a greenhouse: building a small planting arched shed in the gaps of the forest along the width of the dug ditch, wherein the arched shed is 2.3m in width, 13m in length and 1.6m in height, and a light-transmitting polyvinyl chloride greenhouse film is used as a film for covering the arched shed;
(3) seed treatment: selecting third-generation improved forage grass seeds, diluting the forage grass seeds by 300 times by using 25% formalin, soaking the forage grass seeds for 7 minutes, uniformly tedding the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, tedding the seeds to a thickness of 2-3cm, solarizing sunlight for 12-20 hours, turning the seeds once every 40 minutes, adding the uniformly-sunned rice seeds and a special seed coating agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a weight ratio of 3:1, stirring the seeds for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1400r/min, then feeding the stirred mixture into a dryer, and drying the mixture for 50 minutes at a temperature of 30 ℃;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sterilizing and disinfecting the greenhouse and the soil bed, then thoroughly watering the soil bed with clear water, row-sowing on the ploughed land in a mode of row spacing of 22 cm and 4kg per mu, and then covering the sowing grooves with nutrient soil; during the period before seedling emergence, keeping the soil bed wet, keeping the water content of the planting substrate at 70-80%, the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 10-18 ℃ at night, and keeping the humidity of the substrate at 40-50% after seedling emergence;
(5) growth management and harvesting: thinning when the grass sprouts and grows to 4-5cm high, topdressing organic fertilizer to the soil bed in time after thinning, weeding and preventing insects in the growing period, simultaneously taking measures to prevent the gnawing of the rats and the insects and the gnawing of the livestock and trampling, and correspondingly fertilizing according to the growth period;
and (3) after the winter is finished and the temperature is raised, dismantling the arched shed, harvesting two crops of forage grass in the middle 6 th and the middle 9 th of each year, wherein the harvesting strength of the two crops is 5cm of stalks reserved on the ground, and simultaneously ensuring timely irrigation within 1-2 days after each crop is harvested.
Wherein the seed special coating agent in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 part of pesticide, 0.2 part of chitosan, 7 parts of adhesive, 1 part of bactericide, 0.5 part of sodium tungstate, 6 parts of nutrient additive, 0.04 part of germination accelerator and 40 parts of water.
The breathable nutrient soil in the step (1) contains bran, plant ash, straw crushed materials, sawdust, peat soil, perlite, medical stone and other components, and the mixture is mixed and stacked in the open air, and is sprayed with water to be thoroughly decomposed to obtain the required breathable nutrient soil.
The preparation method of the coating agent special for the seeds comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing each component raw material of the coating agent according to requirements;
adding water into a reaction kettle with a stirrer, heating to 50 ℃, adding sodium tungstate, a nutrient additive, a bactericide and an insecticide, stirring for 30 minutes at a stirring speed of 250r/min, cooling to 30 ℃, adding a germination promoter, and continuously stirring for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
and step three, placing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium alginate, chitosan, an adhesive and polyvinyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring for 25 minutes at 55 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 300r/min, so that the mixture becomes a viscous colloid, cooling to 30 ℃, adding the mixed solution A prepared in the step two, and continuously stirring for 30 minutes to obtain the nano-composite material.
The preparation method of the third generation improved pasture seeds in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
interplanting the grass seeds and the corn seeds in a well-organized field; planting a row of pasture and a row of corn at intervals; controlling the flowering phases of the pasture and the corn to be the same, pollinating the pasture by adopting corn pollen, and collecting a generation of improved pasture; interplanting the first-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in the well-organized field again, controlling the flowering phase of the first-generation improved forage grass to be the same as that of the corn, pollinating the first-generation improved forage grass by adopting corn pollen, and harvesting the second-generation improved forage grass; and interplanting the second-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in a well-organized field, and harvesting the third-generation improved forage grass seeds according to the mode.
The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of peanut cake, 25 parts of straw, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 7 parts of zymophyte powder, 3 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 17 parts of hydrated lime and 8 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The fertilizer is correspondingly applied according to the growth cycle, and specifically, the fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 12 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 3 kg/mu of potassium, 1.5 kg/mu of calcium, 0.2 kg/mu of magnesium and 0.05 kg/mu of boron in the whole cycle of seedling, plant and branch growth, shrinkage growth and regeneration growth.
The pesticide is a mixture of cypermethrin and phoxim according to the weight ratio of 2: 3.
Wherein the adhesive is a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose, glycol and Arabic gum according to a ratio of 2:1: 1.
Wherein the bactericide is a mixture of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, amidazole and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 1:2: 1.
Effect verification
The interplanting mode of the embodiment is tried and popularized by farmers, and the pasture yield and unit area cost of the mode are compared with the related data of the common planting mode to find that:
the yield per unit area of the method is equivalent to the normal planting yield, but the land cost is obviously reduced, the expenditure of pesticides and fertilizers is reduced, the cost expenditure per unit yield of the method is reduced by 5-10%, the economic value is extremely high, and the idle forest land is effectively utilized.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forests is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting field: selecting an open forest land with the daily average temperature not lower than-2 ℃ and the daily average illumination intensity of 3000-5000Lux as a planting field for interplanting the pasture after the leaves of the deciduous forest trees are fallen in autumn, selecting an open forest land with the forest tree spacing of 2mx3 m-2 mx6m as a planting field for the pasture, cleaning the dead branches and the like of the fallen leaves on the planting field, excavating a drainage ditch along the row gaps of the forest trees, covering soil on the middle space, selecting the covered soil with well-piled air-permeable culture soil to be mixed with river sand and garden soil, using the obtained soil bed as a planting substrate of the pasture, and enabling the thickness of the soil bed to be 13-15 cm;
(2) building a greenhouse: building a small planting arched shed in the gaps of the forest along the width of the dug ditch, wherein the arched shed is 2-2.5m in width, 10-15m in length and 1.5-1.7m in height, and a light-transmitting polyvinyl chloride greenhouse film is used as a film for covering the arched shed;
(3) seed treatment: selecting third-generation improved forage grass seeds, diluting the forage grass seeds by 300 times by adopting 20-30% formalin, soaking the forage grass seeds for 5-8 minutes, uniformly tedding the seeds on a ventilated and light-transmitting ground, tedding the seeds to a thickness of 2-3cm, exposing the seeds to sunlight for 12-20 hours, turning the seeds once every 30-50 minutes, adding the uniformly-sunned rice seeds and a special seed coating agent into a high-speed stirrer according to a weight ratio of 3:1, stirring the seeds for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1400r/min, then sending the stirred mixture into a dryer, and drying the mixture for 50 minutes at a temperature of 30 ℃;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sterilizing and disinfecting the greenhouse and the soil bed, then thoroughly watering the soil bed with clear water, row-sowing on the ploughed land in a mode of row spacing of 20-25 cm and 3-5kg per mu, and then covering the sowing grooves with nutrient soil; during the period before seedling emergence, keeping the soil bed wet, keeping the water content of the planting substrate at 70-80%, the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 10-18 ℃ at night, and keeping the humidity of the substrate at 40-50% after seedling emergence;
(5) growth management and harvesting: thinning when the grass sprouts and grows to 4-5cm high, topdressing organic fertilizer to the soil bed in time after thinning, weeding and preventing insects in the growing period, simultaneously taking measures to prevent the gnawing of the rats and the insects and the gnawing of the livestock and trampling, and correspondingly fertilizing according to the growth period;
and (3) after the winter is finished and the temperature is raised, dismantling the arched shed, harvesting two crops of forage grass in the middle 6 th and the middle 9 th of each year, wherein the harvesting strength of the two crops is 5cm of stalks reserved on the ground, and simultaneously ensuring timely irrigation within 1-2 days after each crop is harvested.
2. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the seed special coating agent in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of sodium alginate, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 part of pesticide, 0.2 part of chitosan, 7 parts of adhesive, 1 part of bactericide, 0.5 part of sodium tungstate, 6 parts of nutrient additive, 0.04 part of germination accelerator and 40 parts of water.
3. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the breathable nutrient soil in the step (1) contains bran, plant ash, straw crushed materials, sawdust, peat soil, perlite, medical stone and other components, and the mixture is mixed and stacked in the open air, and is sprayed with water to be thoroughly decomposed to obtain the required breathable nutrient soil.
4. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the preparation method of the coating agent special for the seeds comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing each component raw material of the coating agent according to requirements;
adding water into a reaction kettle with a stirrer, heating to 45-55 ℃, adding sodium tungstate, a nutrient additive, a bactericide and an insecticide, stirring at the stirring speed of 200-35 r/min for 25-35 minutes, cooling to 25-35 ℃, adding a germination promoter, and continuously stirring for 8-12 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
and step three, placing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium alginate, chitosan, an adhesive and polyvinyl alcohol into a reaction kettle, stirring for 20-30 minutes at 50-60 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 250-350r/min, cooling to 25-35 ℃ to obtain a viscous colloid, adding the mixed solution A prepared in the step two, and continuing to stir for 25-35 minutes to obtain the chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite material.
5. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preparation method of the third generation of improved pasture seeds in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
interplanting the grass seeds and the corn seeds in a well-organized field; planting a row of pasture and a row of corn at intervals; controlling the flowering phases of the pasture and the corn to be the same, pollinating the pasture by adopting corn pollen, and collecting a generation of improved pasture; interplanting the first-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in the well-organized field again, controlling the flowering phase of the first-generation improved forage grass to be the same as that of the corn, pollinating the first-generation improved forage grass by adopting corn pollen, and harvesting the second-generation improved forage grass; and interplanting the second-generation improved forage grass and corn seeds in a well-organized field, and harvesting the third-generation improved forage grass seeds according to the mode.
6. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of peanut cake, 20-30 parts of straw, 2-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 6-8 parts of zymophyte powder, 2-4 parts of sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, 16-18 parts of slaked lime and 7-9 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
7. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the corresponding fertilization is carried out according to the growth cycle, and specifically, fertilization proportioning is carried out according to 10-15 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 4-6 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer, 2-4 kg/mu of potassium, 1-2 kg/mu of calcium, 0.1-0.3 kg/mu of magnesium and 0.04-0.06 kg/mu of boron in the whole cycle of seedling, plant and branch growth, shrinkage growth and regeneration growth.
8. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the pesticide is a mixture of cypermethrin and phoxim according to the weight ratio of 2: 3.
9. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the adhesive is a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose, glycol and Arabic gum according to a ratio of 2:1: 1.
10. The method for interplanting pasture in deciduous forest according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the bactericide is a mixture of chlorinated trisodium phosphate, amidazole and chlorothalonil in a weight ratio of 1:2: 1.
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