CN103650832A - Tomato early cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato early cultivation method. The tomato early cultivation method comprises the steps of (1) stubble arrangement, (2) nutrition bed soil preparation, (3) seeding, (4) seeding stage management (5) preparation before planting, (6) fertilizer planning and management, (7) soil preparation and ridging, (8) film selecting and covering, (9) seedling density selecting and (10) planting. In the step (1), autumn crops are directly seeded in July in a greenhouse in a two-film one-straw-mat cultivation mode, and seedling growing is conducted on early spring afterward crops in February of the next year. In the step (2), 25-30m<2> of seedling growing beds need to be prepared for every 668m<2> of planting area and bed soil accounts for 40%, soil accounts for 40% and cow dung which becomes decomposed by 70% to 80% accounts for 20%. In the step (3), potassium permanganate diluted by 1000 times is used for sterilizing summer and autumn crop seeds and copper sulfate diluted by 300 times is used for sterilizing winter crops and early spring crops. In the step (4), the seedling stage management periods of all the crops are 11.20-4.1 and 9-10, watering, thermal insulation and freezing prevention are conducted before winter. In the step (5) a mixture containing 100g of bacteriostatic agents and 15L of water is used for spraying seedlings 10 days before transplanting. In the step (6), if fertilization is planned according to the estimation that 10000kg fruits are produced in every 667m<2>, 38.6kg of pure nitrogen is needed and it is enough to maintain 19kg of the pure nitrogen in the soil. In the step (7), the tilling depth is 30 centimeters, the ridging width is 70 centimeters and the height is 10 centimeters. In the step (8), in the overwintering greenhouse, polyethylene three-layer composite purple light films and polyethylene anti-drop green films are used preferably. In the step (9), about 2900 plants are planted in the greenhouse every 667 square meters. In the step (10) for every 667 square meters, 12kg of CM solid are used and soaked in warm water at the temperature being 40 DEG C for 4-6 houses, the water is added for diluting and the mixed liquid is used for watering the seedling growing beds. The tomato early cultivation method is low in investment and greatly improves the economical benefits of peasants.

Description

A kind of method of tomato early maturity culture

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of tomato, especially a kind of method of tomato early maturity culture.

Background technology

Plantation density is large, and Winter-Spring stubble waters frequently, easily dyes late blight; Autumn in summer stubble is not used zinc, copper, silicon, molybdenum nutrition element, easily dyes insect pest and virus disease; Tradition thinks that cow dung is weak, and majority focus on singly executing chicken manure, and result causes carbon element not enough, and nitrogen, phosphorus surplus cause the general underproduction;

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of tomato early maturity culture; Can not only pest-resistant evil and virus, and volume increase, correspondingly increase economic efficiency.

Technical scheme of the present invention is being:

The method of this tomato early maturity culture, consists of following steps:

1. crops for rotation arrangement: greenhouse and two films one are covered cultivation with mat to prolong autumn stubble 7 live, the early spring stubble of continuing was grown seedlings in February in next year; Batch late October of surviving the winter was sowed to November, and 4 Old Man of the Moon's strains that continue stay Collateral regeneration or January to grow seedlings; Shed cultivation is prolonged autumn stubble and can be sowed in 5～June, sun-shading rain-proof management; Early spring, stubble was grown seedlings at the beginning of 1 month; 1 year 2～3 batches, every 667 square metres of output 20,000～2.5 kilograms;

2. nutritional bed soil preparation: every 667 square metres of planting areas need 25～30 square metres of standby seedling beds; Bed soil 40%, sun soil 40%, decomposed cow dung 20% very likely, and 500 grams of EM or CM bacterium liquid, mix leveling thoroughly with muck; ;

3. sowing: 1000 times of liquid disinfectants of potassium permanganate for autumn in summer stubble seed; Survive the winter stubble and 300 times of liquid sterilizations of stubble use copper sulphate in early spring; Before broadcasting, water sufficient water 1 time, dark 4 centimetres, spread soil and furrow face is caught up with flat at ponding place, spreads seed, earthing, the insulation of lid mulch film moisture-keeping; Day temperature is at 25 ℃～30 ℃, 10 ℃～13 ℃ of nights;

4. seedling management: November 20 to April 1 and 9～October are each batch of seedling management phase; Before winter, watered, heat-preserving anti-freezing, other periods control that the anti-excessive growth of water is short pricks dark root, emerge and 60% take off film moisture releasing, cotyledon launches, by 2～3 centimeter square seedling thinnings, during 3 true leaves, by 8～10 centimeter square, to divide seedling, while dividing seedling, water biological bacteria or phosphorus, zinc, the long root of calcium nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation; . the high temperature and drought phase is carried out sunshade, and successive cloudy days are also opened straw mat and seen light hardening; The latter 10 days butts of sowing, seedling, mulch are stored up in field planting displacement in first 10 days;

5. before field planting, prepare: transplant and with 100 grams of useful microbial inoculums, 15 liters, water is sprayed to seedling in first 10 days, within first 7 days, whole day is taken off film hardening; Sprayer filled chemical bactericide need clean rear interval 48 hours, refills useful microbial inoculum, keeps 2～3 days higher levels of humidity after spray;

6. fertilizer application: produce 10000 kilograms of design fertilisings of fruits by a batch every 667 square metres, need 38.6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, need to maintain 19 kilograms in soil for foot; 11.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, the base of take is executed as main; 44.4 kilograms of potassium oxides, execute artificial master at fruiting period; Every kilogram of carbon element can produce each 10 kilograms of fresh stalk, fruits, and more the new vegetable plot of carbon nutrition First Year can be manured into soil and stock or 1 times of left and right of buffering capacity, and second batch is reduced 50%, need altogether 1660～2000 kilograms; In dry straw, carbon containing 45%, carbon containing 30%～54% in the humic acid fertilizer of carbon containing 25%d left and right in straw compost (band soil, wet), oxen and horses excrement, bird excrement;

Ridging 7. wholely: 30 centimetres of tilling depth, 70 centimetres of row spacings are high 10 centimetres;

8. select film to cover: the first-selected three layers of compound purple light film of polyethylene in the greenhouse of surviving the winter and polyethylene dripless green film, early spring stubble and prolong autumn stubble and select polyethylene dripless white films and green film; With the membrane cover ridge, ground of 1.3 meters wide, mulch film to be strained, surrounding is tight by soil pressure, stays 10～15 centimetres of spaces between bar and bar; The wet insulation of control; Prolong autumn stubble and should cover late mulch film; Survive the winter and early spring stubble cover early, insulation soil moisture conservation mulch; Cover summer at any time;

9. select seedling density: autumn in summer stubble should have been selected fine hair seedling; 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 60 centimetres of wide row spaces, 45～45 centimetres of little line-spacings, every 667 square metres of greenhouses plant 2900 strain left and right, and booth is planted 3300 strains, prevents overstocked excessive growth and catches an illness; Outdoor cropping be the moisturizing phylactocarp seedling that is in the light;

10. field planting: every 667 square metres add 40 ℃ of emerge in worm water 4～6 hours with 12 kilograms of CM solids, and thin up waters seedbed; Suitably dark cultivation (1 centimetre), high pin seedling can be used " U " font cultivation; Planted the plant derivant of 800 times of liquid of rear use and filled with rhizome portion, after 1 hour, watered, with healing of wound, eliminated miscellaneous bacteria virus, the strong root of control seedling; Like this, can increase root system 70% left and right, improve 0.5～4 times of photosynthetic intensity.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The method of a kind of tomato early maturity culture of this invention; Can not only pest-resistant evil and virus, and volume increase, correspondingly increase economic efficiency.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

[crops for rotation arrangement] greenhouse and two films one are covered cultivation with mat and are prolonged stubble July 1～15 in autumn live (kind should be used a mao powder 802), and stubble in early spring grow seedlings in mid or late Febuary in next year (kind Yi Yong Jinpeng) continues; Batch late October to the early November sowing (it is red etc. that kind should use coronet Huo Chuan island to avenge) of surviving the winter, the old strain mid-April of continuing stays Collateral regeneration or late January to grow seedlings; Shed cultivation is prolonged autumn stubble and can be sowed in 5～June, sun-shading rain-proof management; Early spring, stubble was grown seedlings at the beginning of 1 month, and kind should be used the gingko Qiang Fenghuo F1 of salon; 1 year 2～3 batches, every 667 square metres of output 20,000～2.5 kilograms;

[preparation of nutritional bed soil] every 667 square metres of planting areas need 25～30 square metres of standby seedling beds; Bed soil 40%, the lucky board humic acid fertilizer of wealth, sun soil 40%, decomposed cow dung 20% very likely, and 500 grams of EM or CM bacterium liquid, mix leveling thoroughly with muck, and native alms bowl is dredged and not fugitive, and nutrient balance, does not macerate root, and the many seedlings of root are strong; The raw excrement of not using chemical fertilizer and decomposing without biological bacteria;

1000 times of liquid disinfectants of potassium permanganate for [sowing] autumn in summer stubble seed; Survive the winter stubble and 300 times of liquid sterilizations of stubble use copper sulphate in early spring; Before broadcasting, water sufficient water 1 time, dark 4 centimetres, spread soil and furrow face is caught up with flat at ponding place, spreads seed, earthing 0.5 cm thick, the insulation of lid mulch film moisture-keeping; Day temperature is at 25 ℃～30 ℃, and at 10 ℃～13 ℃ of nights, the hardening of leaking informaton gradually after coming up, does not water before seedling all sprouts; Without dampinging off seedling;

[seedling management] November 20 to April 1 and 9～October are each batch of seedling management phase; Before winter, watered, heat-preserving anti-freezing, other periods control that the anti-excessive growth of water is short pricks dark root, emerge and 60% take off film moisture releasing, cotyledon launches, by 2～3 centimeter square seedling thinnings, during 3 true leaves, by 8～10 centimeter square, to divide seedling, while dividing seedling, water biological bacteria or phosphorus, zinc, the long root of calcium nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation; Note cultivating healthy seedling, not excessive growth, does not ossify, and does not catch an illness, and it is flourishing that root system is wanted; The prevention waterlogging of control water, the high temperature and drought phase is carried out sunshade, and successive cloudy days are also opened straw mat and are seen light hardening; The latter 10 days butts of sowing, seedling, mulch are stored up in field planting displacement in first 10 days, to improve resistance;

[before field planting, preparing] transplanted and with 100 grams of useful microbial inoculums, 15 liters, water sprayed to seedling in first 10 days, and within first 7 days, whole day is taken off film hardening; With bacterium gram bacterium, anosis field planting; Sprayer filled chemical bactericide need clean rear interval 48 hours, refills useful microbial inoculum, keeps 2～3 days higher levels of humidity after spray, makes it amount reproduction and suppresses and kill harmful bacterium;

[fertilizer application] produces 10000 kilograms of design fertilisings of fruit by one batch every 667 square metres, needs 38.6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, needs to maintain 19 kilograms for foot in soil; 11.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, the base of take is executed as main; 44.4 kilograms of potassium oxides, execute artificial master at fruiting period; Every kilogram of carbon element can produce each 00 kilogram of fresh stalk, fruit, and more the new vegetable plot of carbon nutrition First Year can be manured into soil and stock or 1 times of left and right of buffering capacity, and second batch is reduced 50%, need altogether 1660～2000 kilograms; In dry straw, carbon containing 45%, carbon containing 30%～54% in the humic acid fertilizer of carbon containing 25%d left and right in straw compost (band soil, wet), oxen and horses excrement, bird excrement;

Nitrogen in retting stalk, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 0.45%, 0.22% and 0.57%; Nitrogen in chicken manure, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 1.65%, 1.5% and 0.85%; Every 667 square metres of standby 3000 kilograms of dry straw rettings are fertile, can be for 1350 kilograms, carbon; Or 4000 kilograms of cow dungs, 1040 kilograms of carbon containings, add 300 kilograms of humus, 150 kilograms of carbon containings, 13.5 kilograms, nitrogen, 6.6 kilograms, phosphorus, 17.1 kilograms, potassium; In 1000 kilograms of chicken manures, carbon containing is 250 kilograms, 06.5 kilogram, nitrogen, 15 kilograms, phosphorus, 8.5 kilograms, potassium; 1600 kilograms of left and right of total carbon, 30 kilograms, nitrogen, dry gram of phosphorus 21.6,25.6 kilograms, potassium, carbon is enough, nitrogen is many, phosphorus is sufficient, 23 kilograms of potassium deficiencys; The rich potassium in tomato ground can increase production, therefore fruiting period imposes 45% biological potassium double centner again; Chicken manure is too much by waste nitrogen, phosphorus with cause fertilizer damage, causes the unbalance and underproduction of catching an illness of plant physiology; As stalk is not enough, available humic acid fertilizer supplements; The carbon required to crop, can apply the prosperous biological bacteria of EM soil fertility, 10～20 kilograms of solids, and calm the nerves 50 kilograms of power biological bacteria solids of 2 kilograms of liquid or CM hundred million, 1 kilogram of liquid, decomposes and protection Carbon and nitrogen nutrition; Intermediary and later stages impose 4～6 kilograms of liquid bacterial fertilizers, can absorb lastingly Carbon Dioxide in Air and rent nitrogen, and magnitude of recruitment can reach 60% left and right, and minute 2～3 punchings are executed; Soil carbon, nitrogen ratio reach 30:0; Fertilizer and beneficial bacterium combination, carbon, nitrogen are than being 20:1, and the carbon of soil own, nitrogen are than being 10:1; Guard against blindly many fertilisings, cause that soil concentration is large, overnutrition and many diseases cause the underproduction; Because of every 667 square metres of Soil Nitrogen storages, take 19 kilograms as balance, phosphorus will keep acid stable market supply, therefore chicken manure wants cave side to execute or ditch spread;

30 centimetres of [whole ground ridging] tilling depth, 70 centimetres of row spacings are high 10 centimetres; Prevent that ponding from macerating root, sensitive surface is large, temperature raising is fast; Ridge soil should not be too slightly or is too thin, to guarantee the suitable gas permeability of soil and water binding capacity;

[select film cover] the survive the winter first-selected three layers of compound purple light film of polyethylene in greenhouse and polyethylene dripless green film, early spring stubble and prolong autumn stubble and select polyethylene dripless white films and green film; With the membrane cover ridge, ground of 1.3 meters wide, mulch film to be strained, surrounding is tight by soil pressure, stays 10～15 centimetres of spaces between bar and bar; The wet insulation of control, does sth. in advance and delays listing, and mulch absorbs heat; Prolong autumn stubble and should cover late mulch film, to take off soil table moisture, lure long dark root; Survive the winter and early spring stubble cover early, insulation soil moisture conservation mulch; Cover summer at any time, and anti-dehydration preserves soil moisture; ,

[selecting seedling density] autumn in summer stubble should have been selected fine hair seedling, to prevent that insect bite from passing poison, and makes its root many strong sprouts; Eliminate damping off, black root stem seedling; 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 60 centimetres of wide row spaces, 45～45 centimetres of little line-spacings, every 667 square metres of greenhouses plant 2900 strain left and right, and booth is planted 3300 strains, makes colony's in uniform light, makes full use of space, prevents overstocked excessive growth and catches an illness; Outdoor cropping be the moisturizing phylactocarp seedling that is in the light, answer rational close planting for well;

[field planting] every 667 square metres adds 40 ℃ of emerge in worm water 4～6 hours with 12 kilograms of CM solids, and thin up waters seedbed; Suitably dark cultivation (1 centimetre), high pin seedling can be used " U " font cultivation; Planted the plant derivant of 800 times of liquid of rear use and filled with rhizome portion, after 0 hour, watered, with healing of wound, eliminated miscellaneous bacteria virus, the strong root of control seedling; Like this, can increase root system 70% left and right, improve 0.5～4 times of photosynthetic intensity; Around temperature control, control, wet, control seedling and urge root management.

Claims (1)

1. a method for tomato early maturity culture, its feature consists of following steps:

1. crops for rotation arrangement: greenhouse and two films one are covered cultivation with mat to prolong autumn stubble 7 live, the early spring stubble of continuing was grown seedlings in February in next year; Batch late October of surviving the winter was sowed to November, and 4 Old Man of the Moon's strains that continue stay Collateral regeneration or January to grow seedlings; Shed cultivation is prolonged autumn stubble and can be sowed in 5～June, sun-shading rain-proof management; Early spring, stubble was grown seedlings at the beginning of 1 month; 1 year 2～3 batches, every 667 square metres of output 20,000～2.5 kilograms;

2. nutritional bed soil preparation: every 667 square metres of planting areas need 25～30 square metres of standby seedling beds; Bed soil 40%, sun soil 40%, decomposed cow dung 20% very likely, and 500 grams of EM or CM bacterium liquid, mix leveling thoroughly with muck; ;

3. sowing: 1000 times of liquid disinfectants of potassium permanganate for autumn in summer stubble seed; Survive the winter stubble and 300 times of liquid sterilizations of stubble use copper sulphate in early spring; Before broadcasting, water sufficient water 1 time, dark 4 centimetres, spread soil and furrow face is caught up with flat at ponding place, spreads seed, earthing, the insulation of lid mulch film moisture-keeping; Day temperature is at 25 ℃～30 ℃, 10 ℃～13 ℃ of nights;

4. seedling management: November 20 to April 1 and 9～October are each batch of seedling management phase; Before winter, watered, heat-preserving anti-freezing, other periods control that the anti-excessive growth of water is short pricks dark root, emerge and 60% take off film moisture releasing, cotyledon launches, by 2～3 centimeter square seedling thinnings, during 3 true leaves, by 8～10 centimeter square, to divide seedling, while dividing seedling, water biological bacteria or phosphorus, zinc, the long root of calcium nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation; The high temperature and drought phase is carried out sunshade, and successive cloudy days are also opened straw mat and seen light hardening; The latter 10 days butts of sowing, seedling, mulch are stored up in field planting displacement in first 10 days;

5. before field planting, prepare: transplant and with 100 grams of useful microbial inoculums, 15 liters, water is sprayed to seedling in first 10 days, within first 7 days, whole day is taken off film hardening; Sprayer filled chemical bactericide need clean rear interval 48 hours, refills useful microbial inoculum, keeps 2～3 days higher levels of humidity after spray;

6. fertilizer application: produce 10000 kilograms of design fertilisings of fruits by a batch every 667 square metres, need 38.6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, need to maintain 19 kilograms in soil for foot; 11.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, the base of take is executed as main; 44.4 kilograms of potassium oxides, execute artificial master at fruiting period; Every kilogram of carbon element can produce each 10 kilograms of fresh stalk, fruits, and more the new vegetable plot of carbon nutrition First Year can be manured into soil and stock or 1 times of left and right of buffering capacity, and second batch is reduced 50%, need altogether 1660～2000 kilograms; In dry straw, carbon containing 45%, carbon containing 30%～54% in the humic acid fertilizer of carbon containing 25%d left and right in straw compost (band soil, wet), oxen and horses excrement, bird excrement;

Ridging 7. wholely: 30 centimetres of tilling depth, 70 centimetres of row spacings are high 10 centimetres;

8. select film to cover: the first-selected three layers of compound purple light film of polyethylene in the greenhouse of surviving the winter and polyethylene dripless green film, early spring stubble and prolong autumn stubble and select polyethylene dripless white films and green film; With the membrane cover ridge, ground of 1.3 meters wide, mulch film to be strained, surrounding is tight by soil pressure, stays 10～15 centimetres of spaces between bar and bar; The wet insulation of control; Prolong autumn stubble and should cover late mulch film; Survive the winter and early spring stubble cover early, insulation soil moisture conservation mulch; Cover summer at any time;

9. select seedling density: autumn in summer stubble should have been selected fine hair seedling; 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 60 centimetres of wide row spaces, 45～45 centimetres of little line-spacings, every 667 square metres of greenhouses plant 2900 strain left and right, and booth is planted 3300 strains, prevents overstocked excessive growth and catches an illness; Outdoor cropping be the moisturizing phylactocarp seedling that is in the light;

10. field planting: every 667 square metres add 40 ℃ of emerge in worm water 4～6 hours with 12 kilograms of CM solids, and thin up waters seedbed; Suitably dark cultivation (1 centimetre), high pin seedling can be used " U " font cultivation; Planted the plant derivant of 800 times of liquid of rear use and filled with rhizome portion, after 1 hour, watered, with healing of wound, eliminated miscellaneous bacteria virus, the strong root of control seedling; Like this, can increase root system 70% left and right, improve 0.5～4 times of photosynthetic intensity.