CN103999668B - A kind of organic cultivation method of leaf vegetables - Google Patents
A kind of organic cultivation method of leaf vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN103999668B CN103999668B CN201410205199.1A CN201410205199A CN103999668B CN 103999668 B CN103999668 B CN 103999668B CN 201410205199 A CN201410205199 A CN 201410205199A CN 103999668 B CN103999668 B CN 103999668B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the organic cultivation method of a kind of leaf vegetables, the method mainly comprise the steps that the selection of vegetable variety, crop rotation wholely, apply fertilizer, sowing of transplanting seedlings, fly net covering, sprinkling irrigation, field management, topdress and gather.The present invention uses fly net all standing pest control, use pure wormcast and plant ash, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and the fertilizer of cottonseed cake combining with fermentation, in order to produce the organic vegetable of non agricultural chemical residuum, the inventive method is simple, convenient management, providing a new technological approaches for improving vegetables quality safety and the green organic vegetable of production, the present invention is suitable for peasant household and reaches scale plantation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetable growing technology, the organic cultivation method of a kind of leaf vegetables.
Background technology
Vegetable is one of the Main Foods that must eat every day of people, but vegetables quality safety is that people are closed the most
The subject matter of the heart.Vegetable needs spraying pesticide for prevention and elimination of disease and pests, needs to use to reach high yield
Chemical fertilizer has become on record technology.But due to long-term Single fertilizer and in a large number, repeatedly, excess agriculture
Medicine, makes the content of organic matter in soil and content of microorganisms decline year by year, causes the soil-borne disease of crops to increase
Adding, soil is contaminated remaining influence, and people's edible vegetable product, especially leafy vegetable product are poisoned
Happening occasionally, it is the inevitable main cause of vegetable, especially leafy vegetable that nitrate, pesticide exceed standard
One of.Along with pollution-less agriculture and the expanding day of green foods market, fertilizer has become production nuisanceless
Agricultural and the irreplaceable fertilizer of pollution-free food.Common fertilizer, because of non-complete fermentation, deposits after application two
Secondary fermentation and cause the problem of burn seedlings, and have abnormal flavour, even foreign odor；Common fertilizer is not each breeding
Divide and be completely converted into simple material simple, soluble in water, be difficult to be absorbed by crops；And wormcast is made
For a kind of high-efficiency organic fertilizer, its maximum feature is the Organic substance growth of microorganism factor to be closed
Reason combines, and improves soil environment and is finally reached weight gaining, the purpose of soil disease-resistant, foster.The technology of the present invention
Take modern agriculture facility technology to combine tradition vegetable growing technology, by utilize pure wormcast and plant ash,
In the fertilizer of Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and cottonseed cake combining with fermentation, active substance reaches to improve vegetable and resists
Disease pest ability, it is to avoid use pesticide and chemical fertilizer.Pure wormcast fertilizer have granule uniformly, clean hygiene,
The physical characteristics such as free from extraneous odour, water suction, water conservation, breathability are strong, are that fertilizer and bio-fertilizer are in Lumbricus body
The breeding of the product of natural combination, beneficially microorganism and increase, make soil absorption nutrient and store nutrient
Ability strengthens, tiny through the postdigestive organic matter particle of Lumbricus, and surface area improves 100 times than before digestion
Above, it is provided that more chance allows soil and air contact, fundamentally solves soil compaction problem,
Improve crop disease-resistant ability.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides organic cultivation of the leaf vegetableses such as a kind of Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, green stem vegetable
Training technology, can produce edible leafy vegetable product green, free of contamination, for vegetables quality safety
Produce organic farming and provide a new technological approaches.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs techniques below measure:
The organic cultivation method of a kind of leaf vegetables, mainly comprises the steps that
1) select the leaf vegetables kind such as Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis, be suitable for seasonal climatic conditions growth, resistance, anti-
Characteristic of disease, strong adaptability；
2) crop rotation is wholely: the leafy vegetable crop rotations such as elder generation and disease and insect resistance Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Herba Apii graveolentis, Lettuce, Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii,
Eliminating impurities in periphery weeds and plot is clean, plough soil degree of depth 20-30cm, shine soil 5-7 days, turn over
Furrow, furrow Lian Gou broadband 1.0-1.5m are harrowed；
3) fertilising: apply fertilizer 1000-2000kg/ mu after playing furrow, takes 2/3 fertilizer and furrow face wholely
Topsoil mix homogeneously, every several days water sprays once；
4) sowing: plantation of transplanting seedlings after having executed base manure, directly vegetable seeds is broadcasted sowing in furrow face by sowing, takes
1/3 fertilizer covers seed；
5) transplanting seedlings after planting takes in furrow face with bamboo chip and fixed mount, and every 55-63cm arranges 1 arc frame,
Covering with 30-40 mesh fly net, surrounding is real by mud soil pressure；
6) sprinkling irrigation: take the clean water of field farmland planting standard, fly net is sprayed, until furrow face
Drenched, whole process does not open fly net；
7) field management: every 15 mu of field of vegetables surrounding hangs up 2-3 trap lamp, and every mu hangs up 5-8 block and lures worm
Yellow plate and 1-2 group moth parapheromone trapping special-purpose bottle；
8) supplement and topdress: vegetable transplanting was sowed after 15 days, and sprinkling irrigation water supplements pouring for every 7-10 days and chases after liquid manure 1
Secondary, fertilizer rushes fertilising based on methane liquid or organic type, within 7-10 days, forbids spraying fertilizer before plucking；
9) gather: carry out disposable collecting method, in units of a fly net area coverage, i.e. entirely take off net
Entirely gather.
Preferably, described step 1) in leafy vegetable selected from Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, green stem vegetable
In one.
Preferably, described step 2) in furrow to connect the optimum width of ditch be 1.2m.
Preferably, described step 3) in fertilizer use wormcast 40-60 part, plant ash 20-30 part,
Smoked soil 10-15 part, Caulis et Folium Oryzae 10-20 part, soybean cake 5-8 part, cottonseed cake 5-10 part；By Caulis et Folium Oryzae, big
Soybean cake and cottonseed cake are pulverized, and dry, and claim above-mentioned raw materials mix homogeneously by weight, put into fermentation vat and enter
Row fermentation, is dried, obtains fertilizer.
Preferably, the described wormcast major ingredient with cattle manure as breeding earthworm, cattle manure is that fibrous matter contains
Measuring higher, loose ventilative, moisture regulation is convenient, can in the range of certain air humidity constant self
Water content, has nutritious odorless, does not pollutes the environment.
Preferably, described wormcast be cattle manure is dried to moisture be 10%-20%；Fermentation vat is sent out
Ferment 5-8 days, obtains the angleworm bait of water content 40%-60%；Put into Lumbricus kind, keep angleworm bait
Water content is at 40%-60%；Lumbricus and earthworm excrement isolated wormcast.
Preferably, described step 4) in plantation of transplanting seedlings take whole fertilizers and mix with furrow face topsoil
Uniformly, in order to Seedling can absorb the nutritional labeling of abundance.
Preferably, described step 6) in sprinkling irrigation for micro-spray or spray.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention use fly net all standing with use pure wormcast with plant ash,
The organic fertilizer technique of Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and cottonseed cake combining with fermentation produces high-quality change without pesticide
Fertile organic vegetable；Lumbricus is the Mollusca that a kind of software succulence, protein content reach 70%, and Lumbricus is liked
Detritivorous organic waste becomes the biological organic fertilizer of high-quality, the organic waste Digestive by Lumbricus
Transform under system protease in Lumbricus intestinal, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase, diastatic effect
Self or other biological are prone to the active substance utilized, and generation earthworm protein and aminoacid are to environment not simultaneously
Producing secondary pollution, Lumbricus can make loosing soil, improvement soil, build up fertility, and promotes agricultural produce.
The wormcast fertilizer that Lumbricus prepares does not contains only a great number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and containing ferrum, manganese,
Various trace elements and 18 kinds of aminoacid, the content of organic matter and the humus content such as zinc, copper, magnesium all reach
About 40%, every gram of group Han microorganism beneficial bacterium is more than 100,000,000, and more valuable is containing antagonistic microbe
Auximone with unknown, after a large amount of beneficial microbes are manured into soil, can suppress rapidly the numerous of harmful bacteria
Growing, expansion is bred in probiotics, reduces the generation of soil-borne disease, makes crops be difficult to sick, these
Effective ingredient is any chemical fertilizer, and fertilizer becomes microorganism fertilizer to be beyond one's reach；Wormcast fertilizer
There is bio-fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer, fertilizer, amino acid fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, bacterial manure, micro-fertilizer simultaneously
Feature.Research shows that pure wormcast is combined sends out with plant ash, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and cottonseed cake
The fertilizer of ferment can improve photosynthesis of plant, keep a full stand of seedings, strong sprout, disease and insect resistance and suppression harmful bacteria and soil
Pass disease, can obviously improve Soil structure, build up fertility and thoroughly solve soil compaction problem, improving agriculture
The quality aspect effect of product quality, especially greengrocery product is distinguished.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1) select the leaf vegetables kind such as Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis, be suitable for seasonal climatic conditions growth, resistance, anti-
Characteristic of disease, strong adaptability；
2) crop rotation is wholely: the leafy vegetable crop rotations such as elder generation and disease and insect resistance Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Herba Apii graveolentis, Lettuce, Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii,
Eliminating impurities in periphery weeds and plot is clean, plough soil degree of depth 20cm, shine soil 5 days, turn over and harrow
Furrow, it is 1.0m that furrow connect ditch width；
3) fertilising: apply fertilizer 1000kg/667m after playing furrow wholely2, take 2/3 fertilizer and furrow face table
Layer soil mix homogeneously, every several days water sprays once；
4) vegetable of directly sowing cultivation scatters seeds in furrow face, takes 1/3 fertilizer and covers seed；
5) after planting taking in furrow face with bamboo chip and fixed mount, every 55cm arranges 1 arc frame, with 30
Mesh fly net covers, and surrounding is real by mud soil pressure；
6) sprinkling irrigation: take the clean water of field farmland planting standard, uses micro-spray that fly net carries out sprinkling irrigation straight
Drenched to furrow face, whole process does not open fly net；
7) field management: every 15 mu of field of vegetables surrounding hangs up 2 trap lamps, and every mu hangs up 5 pieces and lures worm yellow
Plate and 1 group of moth parapheromone trapping special-purpose bottle；
8) supplement and topdress: vegetable transplanting was sowed after 15 days, and sprinkling irrigation water supplementary pouring in every 7 days chases after liquid manure 1 time,
Fertilizer rushes fertilising based on methane liquid or organic type, plucks first 7 days and forbids spraying fertilizer；
9) gather: carry out disposable collecting method, in units of a fly net area coverage, i.e. entirely take off net
Entirely gather.
Use wormcast and plant ash, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and the fertilizer of cottonseed cake combining with fermentation
Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis is carried out organic farming, and compared with traditional cultivation method, Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis pest and disease damage reduces by 12.2%, yield
Improve 20%.
Embodiment 2
1) select the leaf vegetables kinds such as Plantula Brassicae chinensis, be suitable for seasonal climatic conditions and grow, resistance,
Disease resistance, strong adaptability；
2) crop rotation is wholely: the leafy vegetable crop rotations such as elder generation and disease and insect resistance Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Herba Apii graveolentis, Lettuce, Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii,
Eliminating impurities in periphery weeds and plot is clean, and ploughing the soil degree of depth is 25cm, shines soil 6 days, turns over rake
Playing furrow, it is 1.2m that furrow connect ditch width；
3) fertilising: apply fertilizer 1600kg/667m after playing furrow wholely2, take 2/3 fertilizer and furrow face table
Layer soil mix homogeneously, every several days water sprays once；
4) vegetable of directly sowing cultivation scatters seeds in furrow face, takes 1/3 fertilizer and covers seed；
5) after planting taking in furrow face with bamboo chip and fixed mount, every 60cm arranges 1 arc frame, with 40
Mesh fly net covers, and surrounding is real by mud soil pressure；
6) sprinkling irrigation: take the clean water of field farmland planting standard, uses micro-spray that fly net carries out sprinkling irrigation straight
Drenched to furrow face, whole process does not open fly net；
7) field management: every 15 mu of field of vegetables surrounding hangs up 3 trap lamps, and every mu hangs up 6 pieces and lures worm yellow
Plate and 2 groups of moth parapheromone trapping special-purpose bottles；
8) supplement and topdress: vegetable transplanting was sowed after 15 days, and sprinkling irrigation water supplementary pouring in every 8 days chases after liquid manure 1 time,
Fertilizer rushes fertilising based on methane liquid or organic type, plucks first 8 days and forbids spraying fertilizer；
9) gather: carry out disposable collecting method, in units of a fly net area coverage, i.e. entirely take off net
Entirely gather.
Use wormcast and plant ash, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and the fertilizer of cottonseed cake combining with fermentation
Plantula Brassicae chinensis is carried out organic farming, and compared with traditional cultivation method, Plantula Brassicae chinensis pest and disease damage reduces by 10%, produces
Amount improves 15%.
Embodiment 3
1) select the leaf vegetables kind such as Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, be suitable for seasonal climatic conditions growth, resistance, anti-
Characteristic of disease, strong adaptability；
2) crop rotation is wholely: the leafy vegetable crop rotations such as elder generation and disease and insect resistance Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Herba Apii graveolentis, Lettuce, Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii,
Eliminating impurities in periphery weeds and plot is clean, and cultivated depth of turning soil is 30cm, shines soil 7 days, turns over and harrow
Furrow, it is 1.5m that furrow connect ditch width；
3) fertilising: apply fertilizer 2000kg/667m after playing furrow wholely2, fertilizer and furrow face topsoil
Mix homogeneously, every several days water sprays once；
4) transplant seedlings after having executed base manure plantation；
5) transplanting seedlings takes in furrow face with bamboo chip and fixed mount after plantation, and every 63cm arranges 1 arc frame, uses
35 mesh fly nets cover, and surrounding is real by mud soil pressure；
6) sprinkling irrigation: take the clean water of field farmland planting standard, uses spray that fly net carries out sprinkling irrigation straight
Drenched to furrow face, whole process does not open fly net；
7) field management: every 15 mu of field of vegetables surrounding hangs up 3 trap lamps, and every mu hangs up 8 pieces and lures worm yellow
Plate and 2 groups of moth parapheromone trapping special-purpose bottles；
8) supplement and topdress: vegetable transplanting was sowed after 15 days, and sprinkling irrigation water supplementary pouring in every 10 days chases after liquid manure 1 time,
Fertilizer rushes fertilising based on methane liquid or organic type, plucks first 10 days and forbids spraying fertilizer；
9) gather: carry out disposable collecting method, in units of a fly net area coverage, i.e. entirely take off net
Entirely gather.
Use wormcast and plant ash, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and the fertilizer of cottonseed cake combining with fermentation
Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae is carried out organic farming, and compared with traditional cultivation method, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae pest and disease damage reduces by 15%, and yield carries
High by 30%.
The inventive method is simple, uses advanced technical matters, easy and simple to handle, uses wormcast and vegetation
The fertilizer of ash, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, smoked soil, soybean cake and cottonseed cake combining with fermentation can improve photosynthesis of plant,
Keep a full stand of seedings, strong sprout, disease and insect resistance and suppression harmful bacteria and soil-borne disease, can obviously improve Soil structure, carry
High fertility and thoroughly solution soil compaction problem；Use fly net all standing and use pure wormcast fertilizer
Technology produces high-quality organic vegetable without agriculture chemical, has for improving vegetables quality safety and production green
Machine vegetable provides a new technological approaches, accords with the demands of the market.
Although embodiment of the present invention are disclosed as above, but it is not restricted to description and embodiment party
Listed utilization in formula, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for being familiar with ability
For the personnel in territory, be easily achieved other amendment, therefore without departing substantially from claim and etc. homotype
Enclosing under limited general concept, the present invention is not limited to specific details and shown here as the reality with description
Execute example.
Claims (5)
1. the organic cultivation method of a leaf vegetables, it is characterised in that: described organic cultivation method bag
Include following steps:
1) Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis leaf vegetables kind is selected；
2) crop rotation is wholely: first with disease and insect resistance Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Herba Apii graveolentis, Lettuce, Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii leafy vegetable crop rotation,
Eliminating impurities in periphery weeds and plot is clean, and ploughing the soil degree of depth is 20-30cm, shines soil 5-7 days,
Turning over and harrowed furrow, furrow connect furrow width 1.0-1.5m；
3) fertilising: apply fertilizer 1000-2000kg/ mu after playing furrow, takes 2/3 fertilizer and furrow face wholely
Topsoil mix homogeneously, every several days water sprays once；
Wherein said fertilizer use wormcast 40-60 part, plant ash 20-30 part, smoked soil 10-15 part,
Caulis et Folium Oryzae 10-20 part, soybean cake 5-8 part, cottonseed cake 5-10 part；By Caulis et Folium Oryzae, soybean cake and cottonseed meal
Broken, dry, claim above-mentioned raw materials mix homogeneously by weight, put into fermentation vat and ferment, be dried,
Obtain fertilizer；Described wormcast be cattle manure is dried to moisture be 10%-20%；Fermentation vat ferments
5-8 days, obtain the angleworm bait of water content 40%-60%；Put into Lumbricus kind, keep containing of angleworm bait
The water yield is at 40%-60%；Lumbricus and earthworm excrement isolated wormcast；
4) sowing: plantation of transplanting seedlings after having executed base manure, directly vegetable seeds is broadcasted sowing in furrow face by sowing, takes
1/3 fertilizer covers seed；
5) transplanting seedlings after planting takes in furrow face with bamboo chip and fixed mount, and every 55-63cm arranges 1 arc frame,
Covering with 30-40 mesh fly net, surrounding is real by mud soil pressure；
6) sprinkling irrigation: taking the clean water of field farmland planting standard, spray fly net, whole process is not taken off
Open fly net；
7) field management: every 15 mu of field of vegetables surrounding hangs up 2-3 trap lamp, and every mu hangs up 5-8 block and lures worm
Yellow plate and 1-2 group moth parapheromone trapping special-purpose bottle；
8) supplement and topdress: vegetable transplanting was sowed after 15 days, water of spraying, and within every 7-10 days, supplements pouring and chases after liquid manure
1 time, fertilizer rushes fertilising based on organic type, within 7-10 days, forbids spraying fertilizer before plucking；
9) gather: carry out disposable collecting method, in units of a fly net area coverage, i.e. entirely take off net
Entirely gather.
The organic cultivation method of leaf vegetables the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 1) in leafy vegetable one in Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis, Plantula Brassicae chinensis, Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae, the green stem vegetable.
The organic cultivation method of leaf vegetables the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 2) in furrow to connect the optimum width of ditch be 1.2m.
The organic cultivation method of leaf vegetables the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 4) in plantation of transplanting seedlings take whole fertilizers and mix homogeneously with furrow face topsoil.
The organic cultivation method of leaf vegetables the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 6) in sprinkling irrigation for spray.
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