CN108901751A - A kind of solid matrix and implantation methods of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the solid matrix and vegetable three-dimensional planting method of a kind of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting, the solid matrix includes 2 ~ 5 parts by volume of organic substrate, 1 parts by volume of light-weight inorganic matrix, 0.5 ~ 1 parts by volume of heavy inorganic matrix；The organic substrate is selected from least one of wormcast, fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement, woody stems clast, humic acid；The light-weight inorganic matrix is selected from vermiculite or perlite；The heavy inorganic matrix is selected from river sand, volcanic rock or cinder, and partial size is 5 ~ 30mm.The present invention can provide effective nutriment by the way that organic substrate, light-weight inorganic matrix and inorganic matrix to be used in combination for the production of vegetables, in planting process, only with Natural Water（Rainwater, underground water or tap water）Pouring is nutrient solution without compounding, i.e., convenient to use, reduces labor intensity；The discharge of agricultural rich feeding water can be reduced again, in order to avoid pollution caused by discharge causes water quality oxygen enrichment after being poured as nutrient solution.

Description

A kind of solid matrix and implantation methods of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting

Technical field

The present invention relates to agriculture vegetable cultivation fields, and in particular to a kind of solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting and vegetable Dish stereo plantation method.

Background technique

Utilizing for China's water resource is constituted, and agricultural water accounts for 63%, and industrial water accounts for 22%, and city domestic water accounts for 12%.With The increase of China's expanding economy and the size of population, futurity industry and urban water will be continuously increased, add water pollution journey The continuous deterioration of degree, is bound to cause the reduction of agricultural water proportion, and agricultural water faces immense pressure.Existing agricultural crop field For crop mainly based on border irrigation and furrow irrigation, water consumption is larger, and for fertilizer based on ditch spread and spreading fertilizer over the fields, dose is big and be easy to cause ground The pollution being lauched.Agricultural view gloss plucks garden mainly based on greenhouse, and irrigation method is grou1ndwater irrigation, applies fertilizer with compound fertilizer Based on organic fertilizer, when top dressing, applies chemical fertilizer, and in order to pursue high benefit, peasant seldom considers the investment of irrigation volume and dose, Cost is not only increased, serious threat more is produced to underground water.

In terms of arable land, according to the incomplete statistics of UNESCO (UNESCO) and food and agricultural organization (FAO), I The existing total cultivated area of state be 1. 21 hundred million hectares, 0. 08 hectares of per capita cultivated land, about the 1/4 of the world Zhi Zhan per capita cultivated land, per capita Arable land comes the 67th, the world, certain provinces（City）Per capita area of cultivated farmland has been lower than 0.8 mu of warning that FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) determines Line.

As it can be seen that the Agriculture Present Situation in China, the utilization rate and per capita area of cultivated farmland of water resource allow of no optimist, it is necessary to develop Novel cropping pattern.

Solid growth is the advanced cultivation technique being widely used in global facilities agricultural, can play farmland saving, save With water, and many advantages, such as can realize intelligent plantation.Traditional solid growth can select solid matrix cultivation and water planting two The matrix of kind mode, solid matrix plantation is usually the light materials such as peat, coco bran, but peat relies on import, increases base Matter cost, and the nutritional ingredient contained in peat and coco bran is less, and the later period need to meet growth using nutrient solution irrigating plant Needs, increase the cost of late maintaining；Water planting typically directly uses plant nutrient solution, but plant seeding is needed to take root hair It is transplanted after bud, and since water planting matrix weight is larger, limits the scale of solid growth.

Chinese patent CN104496657A discloses a kind of leaf vegetables special container seedling medium, by the turf compounded Soil, fine perlite, vermiculite, boiler ash sediment, wood sawdust, carbonization rice husk, long-acting composite slow-release fertilizer, water-retaining agent, Waste compost composition, can The demand of realization solid growth, but complicated component, it is also necessary to additionally add composite slow release fertilizer.

Inventive method

The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be suitable for vegetable three-dimensional planting, and can follow bad utilization, is easy to obtain, low in cost And proportion is simple, can promote the solid matrix formula of vegetable growth and nutritious substances accumulation.

The object of the invention is also to provide a kind of methods of vegetable three-dimensional planting, can play saving water resource, be not necessarily to Nutrient solution is compounded, maintenance is convenient, realizes solid growth, saves space, and can carry modernization control module, realizes reading intelligent agriculture Stereo plantation method.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：

The solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention, including 2 ~ 5 parts by volume of organic substrate, 1 body of light-weight inorganic matrix Product part, 0.5 ~ 1 parts by volume of heavy inorganic matrix；It is broken that the organic substrate is selected from wormcast, fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement, woody stems At least one of bits, humic acid；The light-weight inorganic matrix is selected from vermiculite or perlite；The heavy inorganic matrix choosing From river sand, volcanic rock or cinder, partial size is 5 ~ 30mm.

Organic substrate described in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention is wormcast, fermentation earthworm rabbit Excrement or humic acid, volume parts are 2 ~ 4 parts by volume.

Organic substrate described in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention is woody stems clast, described Woody stems clast is selected from grape branch clast, apple branch clast or loose squama, and volume parts are 2 ~ 4 parts by volume.

Organic substrate described in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention is wormcast, fermentation earthworm rabbit The mixture of excrement and woody stems clast, the wormcast are 0 ~ 3 parts by volume, and the fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement is 1 ~ 2 parts by volume, The woody stems clast is 0.5 ~ 3 parts by volume.

Light-weight inorganic matrix described in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention is perlite, described Heavy inorganic matrix is river sand.

The content of heavy inorganic matrix described in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention is 1 volume Part.

Light-weight inorganic matrix described in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention is perlite, described Heavy inorganic matrix is river sand；The volume parts of each component are：Organic substrate:Light-weight inorganic matrix:The inorganic base of heavy Matter is（2~4）:1:1.

It further include the hawthorn seeds carbon of 0.05 ~ 0.1 parts by volume in the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention.

Vegetable three-dimensional planting method of the invention using solid matrix described in any one in claim 1 ~ 8, and Including following methods：

Step 1：Solid matrix processing：Solid matrix is sieved, partial size is no more than 5mm；It is rinsed repeatedly with clear water, until pH Value is down to 5.5 ~ 7.0, and matrix is carried out disinfection before filling basin with fungicide, and lid black plastic film is exposed to the sun 1 day outdoors for tiling, cruelly Plastic film is raised after solarization makes fungicide sufficiently volatilize；By treated, solid matrix is sub-packed in planting pot, watering or leaching basin Processing keeps matrix wet；

Step 2：Sowing, seed is seeded in planting pot, identical 0.5 ~ 1cm of solid matrix is after planting covered；

Step 3：Cultivate administration：Keep matrix wet before germination, to hold matrix water breakthrough print but not drip, landing, which dissipates, to be advisable, After budding keep matrix see it is dry see it is wet, until harvesting；The matrix wet method can select leaching basin, pouring or spray process, Wet medium is water.

Vegetable three-dimensional planting of the invention refers in the space of certain volume, passes through the multilayer space of cultivating facility realization Planting patterns can make the stereoscopic multi-layer culture system of stereoscopic column formula, multilayer rail mounted or closing drawer disc type composition.

Wormcast is also referred to as earthworm soil in organic substrate of the invention, can be without everfermentation/stack retting processing.

Fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement in the present invention be it is fermented after the further breeding earthworm of rabbit excrement after the organic substrate that generates. The stack retting processing sufficiently fermentation after collecting of rabbit excrement（It can be and pour water by fermentation, be also possible to not pour water by fermentation）, raising earthworm 10 ~ 180 days.

When the volume parts of woody stems clast of the invention are more than 0.5 parts by volume, stack retting processing need to be first passed through in advance, by matrix In labile substance decomposition it is thorough（It is generally decomposed into lignin, humus etc.）And noxious material can be eliminated, it is transformed into The stable matrix of biological character.In stack retting processing, single compost total volume is not less than 3m³。

Humic acid of the invention is coal humic acid, generally weathering cinder of the content of humic acid 30 ~ 50%, partial size 3 ~ 5mm。

Hawthorn seeds carbon of the invention is hawthorn（Also known as red fruit）Seed generates useless after effective ingredient is extracted in intensive processing Gurry, by the cooperation with above-mentioned matrix, matrix can further be improved by being found surprisingly that.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are：

Wormcast that the present invention uses, woody stems clast, are renewable resource, light, will not be hardened, and idiotrophic is abundant. Earthworm realized at present commercialization cultivation, can a large amount of outputs, meet demand；Woody stems clast belongs to one kind of agriculture waste product, will Woody stems clast recycling may be implemented to gather materials on the spot, and further decrease the cost of solid matrix.The humic acid that the present invention uses Content deposit for weathered coal humic acid, China is very rich.The present invention substitutes mesh with wormcast, woody stems clast or weathered coal The peat generally used in preceding solid growth, not only can protect mud and charcoal, provide a kind of solid growth solid matrix Alternative solution；And cost can be greatly reduced.

Light-weight inorganic matrix of the invention is selected vermiculite or perlite, is easy to get, light material, can be with loose base Matter prevents hardened.Inorganic matrix of the invention is selected river sand, volcanic rock or cinder, is not pulverized easily, and can play pressure Implementation object prevents the effect of lodging.

The present invention can be vegetables by the way that organic substrate, light-weight inorganic matrix and inorganic matrix to be used in combination Production provides effective nutriment, in planting process, only with Natural Water（Rainwater, underground water or tap water）Pouring, It is nutrient solution without compounding, i.e., it is convenient to use, reduce labor intensity；The discharge of agricultural rich feeding water can be reduced again, in order to avoid due to Pollution caused by discharge causes water quality oxygen enrichment after nutrient solution pours.

The present invention further improves matrix using hawthorn seeds carbon, it is improved after matrix also raw bacterium is not infested, also do not breed Moss facilitates the growth of vegetables, and ingredient is natural, without the substance being harmful to the human body, is not necessarily to applying pesticides.

Stereo plantation method of the invention, it is simple to operation, it is at low cost, and can with three-dimensional development, farmland saving area, Agricultural planting efficiency is improved using the unserviceable space of the traditional agricultures such as agricultural booth side wall, household balcony also may be implemented Plantation, beautifies the environment, provides Household vegetable；And due to realizing three-dimensional planting, by carrying intellectualized module, as numerical control is sprayed Module is drenched, intelligent plantation may be implemented in numerical control lighting module, saves human cost.

Specific embodiment

Various embodiments of the present invention are the Fu Luojia turf of German imported with original packaging for examination turf（Flora gard）, peat master It to be made of the peat of moss, peat fibre is uniform, and quality is loose, retain water and nutrients of breathing freely；Wormcast is eaten for earthworm after rabbit excrement Product, be purchased from Shijiazhuang City Lingshou County vermiculture field, homogeneous, quality is good；Cake fertilizer is to make discarding for sesame paste Object independently makes compost gained by garden；Grape deadwood is the waste collected after garden grape is trimmed；Vermiculite is purchased from Shijiazhuang deer Spring area, vermiculite pure color, particle drying are uniform；Perlite is purchased from shopping at network platform, and partial size is 3 ~ 5mm；River sand is adopted in stone Family's village city Hutuohe River.

Multi-layer stereo plantation frame of the present invention is chosen in Shanghai Yin Neng energy conservation and environmental protection Science and Technology Ltd., and every list covering device is one One basin body of cabinet, cabinet specification are long 20cm × wide 6cm × high 25cm, and basin body is bore 15cm × bottom diameter 11.5cm × height 13cm.Every 1m2 can assemble 20 sets of devices.Needs should be tested, every cell assembles 20 sets, is 7cm*7cm, high 1.5m iron by specification Silk screen is fixed on wall.

Fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement in the present invention：Rabbit excrement stack retting after collecting is handled, and wet fermentation 10 days, is inoculated with 10 earthworms, The net earthworm of 90 days rear-guards is raised to generate.The raising of earthworm is consistent with common feeding manner.

Hawthorn seeds carbon of the invention is the hawthorn seeds generated in hawthorn deep-processing process, is loaded on closed container through vacuum Pintsch process, distillation, the series of processes such as extraction, the secondary solid slag generated during extraction effective efficiency composition in hawthorn seeds Material further generates after carbonization.

Embodiment 1 ~ 4

Table 1：1 ~ 4 solid matrix of embodiment proportion

Processing number	Test process	Ratio
			Embodiment 1	Wormcast：Perlite：Volcanic rock	3：1：1
Embodiment 2	Wormcast：Vermiculite：River sand	3：1：1
			Embodiment 3	Grape branch clast：Vermiculite：River sand	3：1：1
Embodiment 4	Ferment earthworm rabbit excrement：Grape branch clast：Perlite：River sand	3：0.5：1：1
			CK 1	Cake fertilizer：Vermiculite：River sand	3：1：1
CK 2	Turf：Vermiculite：River sand	3：1
			CK3	Turf：Perlite：River sand	3：1：1

Matrix treatments：Matrix is sieved to guarantee uniform reasonable particle size before Selection experiment, and is rinsed repeatedly with clear water, directly 6 or so are down to pH value, and guarantees 1m S/cm < EC < 3m S/cm.Lid black plastic film is exposed to the sun sterilization outdoors for tiling Disinfection.

The matrix that 7 are handled is uniformly mixed respectively according to experimental design, loads isometric matrix in each nutrition basin, Appropriate watering makes it keep wet.

Test example 1：Intensive shadow on lung

Sowing processing：Seed is dried before broadcasting, 2~3 days under illumination condition, to kill the germ of the surface of the seed, and is promoted The germination percentage of seed.Warm water immersion is carried out to seed, water is about 3~5 times of grain weight, it about 55 DEG C of water temperature, is stirred continuously, And warm water is fed at any time, 55 DEG C of 10 min is maintained water temperature at, room temperature is then down to, is seeded in nutrition basin after impregnating 4 h, often 5, basin, it is thick after planting to cover identical 1 cm of matrix.

Field management：Keep matrix wet before germination, to hold matrix water breakthrough print but not drip, landing, which dissipates, to be advisable, and matrix is too It is wet, it is easy bored seedling.Test multi-layer stereo plantation frame has water space, can carry out moisturizing by osmosis.More observations and and Shi Jilu.The pest and disease damage that fully understands upgrowth situation of the intensive shadow on lung under facility plastic greenhouse environment and may occur, carries out prevention work Make.

Measure content：

1. the seeding stage

Start to observe plant emergence after after planting 3 days, and records.The 50% of sum, which is accounted for, to each processing number of emerging enters emergence Phase.

2. picking time

After planting 48 d respectively handle true leaf number up to 6 or more, and maturation can pick the intensive shadow on lung of individual treatment.Observation is each Processing intensive shadow on lung mature condition picks the mature intensive shadow on lung of individual treatment.Complete Plant Leaf the piece number, plant height, leaf The measurement simultaneously grab sample wide, leaf is long.

The fresh weight dry weight of more than measurement plant complete stool fresh weight, root fresh weight dry weight and root, measures blade nitrate, leaf The content of green element, VC and the full nitrogen of root of blade, full phosphorus, full potassium.

Measuring method：

1. Plant Leaf the piece number, plant height, leaf width, leaf length are measured with ruler.

2. complete stool fresh weight, the above fresh weight in root, root fresh weight are measured with electronic balance；The above dry weight in root, root dry weight It is finished 20 minutes with 105 DEG C of drying box, then adjusts the temperature to 80 DEG C of drying to constant weight.

Wherein 105 ° of water-removings are the effects in order to stop enzyme, and active material or other compositions in plant tissue is made not occur to turn Become and consume, in order to measure the content of certain compound.It, can also not if being intended merely to simple measurement amount of dry matter Water-removing is directly dried.

3. the nitrate content of plant is measured using salicylic acid colorimetry；Chlorophyll content passes through spectrophotometric determination Light absorption value of the chlorophyll extracting solution under maximum absorption wavelength, then each pigment in leaching liquor is calculated by Lambert-beer law Index；VC content uses 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration measurings.

Test result is as follows：

Influence of the table 1-1 difference solid matrix to the emergence of intensive shadow on lung

Processing number	3d	Plant height（cm）	5d	Plant height（cm）
					Embodiment 1	53.3%	0.90	85.6%	3.73
Embodiment 2	50%	1.02	83.3%	3.10
					Embodiment 3	58.3%	0.70	83.3%	3.33
Embodiment 4	66.7%	1.14	100%	4.38
					CK1	0%	0.00	0%	0.00
CK2	41.7%	1.00	91.7%	3.65
					CK3	100%	1.50	100%	5.49

Shown in table 1-1, the test process of CK3 reaches 100% in after planting the 3rd day emergence rate, and 5 days plant heights of emerging reach 5.49cm；4 wormcasts of embodiment+grape branch clast+vermiculite+perlite test process was emerged in completion in after planting the 5th day, out Seedling rate is 100%, plant height 4.38cm.Test process of the seedling effect of the test process of embodiment 4 not as good as CK3.Contain respectively The embodiment 2 of organic substrate wormcast or grape branch clast, embodiment 3 also complete emergence, and emergence rate is all within after planting the 5th day 83.3%.The emergence rate of control treatment CK2 is lower than the CK3 test process containing turf, and after planting the 5th day emergence rate is 91.7%. The seedling for observing seedling agronomy form control group CK is very thin, and color is light green, and cotyledon is thin.Although being better than containing earthworm on emergence rate The processing of other organic substrates such as earthworm excrement, but quality of emerging is not as good as the test process containing wormcast.Contain organic substrate cake For the processing CK1 of fertilizer always without emergence, matrix chance water is sticky, and the water of extravasation is brown, and with ammonia odor taste.To sum up may be used Know：There is burn seedlings phenomenon in processing CK1, and test is not fermented thoroughly with cake fertilizer, though small scale can be carried out as common organic fertilizer Application, but the matrix that cannot function as soilless cultivation carries out nursery, cultivation.Wormcast is not necessarily to fermentation process, but can reach good Seedling effect.

Influence of the table 1-2 different composite matrix to intensive shadow on lung economical character

Processing number	Plant height（cm）	The number of blade（Piece）	Leaf width（cm）	Leaf is long（cm）	Blade development degree（cm2）	Color
							Embodiment 1	18.97	13.33	6.34	10.82	69.09	It is dark green
Embodiment 2	16.73	12.33	5.92	9.63	57.34	It is dark green
							Embodiment 3	12.63	11.00	4.73	7.47	35.33	It is light green
Embodiment 4	19.07	13.54	6.33	10.85	68.57	It is dark green
							CK2	12.97	12.32	4.70	8.38	39.48	It is light green
CK3	12.84	12.33	4.46	7.61	33.89	It is light green

Shown in table 1-2, it is can be found that by the analysis to the plant seedling stage number of blade, plant height, leaf width, leaf length, blade development degree：It is real The number of blade for applying example 4 is significantly more than other processing, the followed by test process of embodiment 1.Organic substrate is at the test of turf The number of blade for managing the test process CK3 containing inorganic matrix perlite in CK2, CK3 is more than the test process containing vermiculite.Together Sample, organic substrate are the test process embodiment 1 of wormcast, in embodiment 2 are also at the test containing inorganic matrix perlite The number of blade for managing embodiment 1 is more than the test process containing vermiculite.The number of blade of control group CK2 and CK3 and the blade of embodiment 2 The no notable difference of number.It can see the Processing Example 1 containing wormcast, embodiment 2 in the comparison of plant height and containing fermentation The plant height of the embodiment 4 of earthworm rabbit excrement is higher than processing CK2 and CK3 containing turf.

Influence of the table 1-3 different composite matrix to the fresh dry weight of intensive shadow on lung

Processing number	Complete stool fresh weight（g）	Complete stool dry weight（g）	Fresh weight on root（g）	Dry weight on root（g）
					Embodiment 1	30.81	2.69	29.48	2.31
Embodiment 2	26.62	2.22	25.57	1.96
					Embodiment 3	15.28	1.98	14.06	1.67
Embodiment 4	30.85	2.73	29.57	2.34
					CK2	18.77	2.17	17.66	1.92
CK3	11.87	1.68	10.90	1.44

As shown in table 1-3：Processing Example 1, embodiment 2 containing wormcast and the embodiment 4 containing fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement are each Item index shows high-caliber conspicuousness.The single plant quality of embodiment 1 is 30.81g, and the single plant quality of embodiment 4 is 30.85g is significantly higher than control CK2 and the CK3 group containing turf, wherein a small amount of grapevine is added in organic substrate Branch clast can be further improved the fresh dry weight of intensive shadow on lung.

Influence of the table 1-4 different composite matrix to intensive shadow on lung chlorophyll, VC, nitrate content

Processing number	Chlorophyll a（mg /L）	Chlorophyll b（mg /L）	Chlorophyll（mg /L）	VC（mg/100g）	Nitrate (mg/kg)
						Embodiment 1	12.77	3.67	16.44	92	49.95
Embodiment 2	9.06	2.55	11.61	98	50.61
						Embodiment 3	3.41	0.93	4.33	94	59.10
Embodiment 4	13.74	3.75	16.65	98	50.26
						CK2	6.04	1.55	7.60	58	32.35
CK3	5.52	1.55	7.07	75	45.51

Shown in table 1-4, the chlorophyll levels and Vc content of embodiment 1,2 and 4 are more significant than other processing.The intracorporal nitrate of vegetables Content is related with the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, is positively correlated between the two in significant.Process is entirely tested in test without using any fertilizer Material, the nitrate content of blade is from the sorption enhanced to the original nitrogen of matrix.In addition the ventilation environment of root system also affects nitre The Nitrate Accumulation of the accumulation of hydrochlorate, each embodiment and control group illustrates the ventilative of root when the plantation of each matrix without significant difference Property is good.

The test explanation of test example 1：Containing traditional organic substrate turf（CK2 and CK3）Test process be excellent nursery Matrix, seedling stage agronomic shape advantage are significant.But enter after strong sprout phase, picking time containing novel organic substrate wormcast, fermentation earthworm No matter relatively more aobvious from advantages such as economical character, the fresh dry weight of plant, chlorophyll, VC, nitrate contents the test process of earthworm rabbit excrement is It writes, cultivation effect has a clear superiority, wherein with the fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement+grapevine branch clast+perlite+river sand volume of embodiment 4 Than being 3:0.5:1:1 test process cultivation effect is best.

Embodiment 5 ~ 10

Table 2：5 ~ 10 solid matrix of embodiment proportion

Processing number	Test process	Ratio
			Embodiment 5	Ferment earthworm rabbit excrement：Hawthorn seeds carbon：Vermiculite：River sand	2：0.1：1：1
Embodiment 6	Wormcast：Loose squama：Vermiculite：Cinder	3：1：1：1
			Embodiment 7	Wormcast：Perlite：River sand	5：1：1
Embodiment 8	Grape branch clast：Vermiculite：Volcanic rock	2.5：1：1
			Embodiment 9	Ferment earthworm rabbit excrement：Hawthorn seeds carbon：Vermiculite：River sand	2：0.1：1：1
Embodiment 10	Weathering cinder：Hawthorn seeds carbon：Perlite：River sand	4：0.05：1：1
			CK	Turf：Vermiculite：Perlite	3：1：1

Wherein the grape branch clast of embodiment 8 is pre-processed by compost, is sufficiently fermented.Weathering cinder in embodiment 6 is humic The weathering cinder that acid content is 50%.

Test example 2：Romaine lettuce

Sowing processing：Seed is dried before broadcasting, 2~3 days under illumination condition, to kill the germ of the surface of the seed, and is promoted The germination percentage of seed.Warm water immersion is carried out to seed, water is about 3~5 times of grain weight, it about 55 DEG C of water temperature, is stirred continuously, And warm water is fed at any time, 55 DEG C of 10 min is maintained water temperature at, room temperature is then down to, is seeded in nutrition basin after impregnating 4 h, often 4, basin, it is thick after planting to cover identical 1 cm of matrix.

Field management：Keep matrix wet before germination, to hold matrix water breakthrough print but not drip, landing, which dissipates, to be advisable.Test is used Multi-layer stereo plantation frame has water space, can carry out moisturizing by osmosis.It is observe and record in time more.

It measures content and measuring method is identical as test example 1.

Influence of the table 2-1 different composite matrix to the fresh dry weight of intensive shadow on lung

Processing number	Complete stool fresh weight（g）	Complete stool dry weight（g）	Fresh weight on root（g）	Dry weight on root（g）
					Embodiment 5	35.83	4.69	34.98	3.71
Embodiment 6	25.49	2.94	23.78	2.32
					Embodiment 7	19.98	2.89	18.06	2.67
Embodiment 8	35.45	4.54	34.07	3.64
					Embodiment 9	35.71	4.47	34.66	3.52
Embodiment 10	27.42	3.56	26.57	2.76
					CK	16.07	2.68	14.90	1.98

As shown in table 2-1：The parts by volume of organic substrate is 2 ~ 2.5, Processing Example 5, embodiment 8 of the volume ratio for 50% ~ 55% And 9 indices of embodiment show high-caliber conspicuousness, with control group（Turf+vermiculite+perlite）Significant difference, It is more than 66% processing in the content of organic matter（Embodiment 6, embodiment 7 and embodiment 10）Compared with the control group, it also has a clear superiority, But planting effect（Plant size, plant fresh weight）Not as good as the lower embodiment of the content of organic matter.

Influence of the table 2-2 different composite matrix to intensive shadow on lung chlorophyll, VC, nitrate content

Processing number	Chlorophyll a（mg /L）	Chlorophyll b（mg /L）	Chlorophyll（mg /L）	VC（mg/100g）	Nitrate (mg/kg)
						Embodiment 5	15.64	5.75	21.39	118	45.26
Embodiment 6	11.17	3.55	14.72	108	45.61
						Embodiment 7	11.51	2.93	14.44	104	50.10
Embodiment 8	14.87	4.13	19	110	45.31
						Embodiment 9	15.14	4.67	19.81	114	46.95
Embodiment 10	10.33	2.98	13.31	98	45.22
						CK	5.52	1.95	7.47	75	45.51

Shown in table 2-2, the chlorophyll levels and Vc content of embodiment 5,8 and 9 are more significant than other processing, significantly due to organic group Matter content is more than 66% test group（Embodiment 6,7 and 10）, and extremely significant it is better than control group；And nitrate content is without significant Difference.

Embodiment 9 is most highly preferred embodiment of the invention, and currently preferred organic substrate is fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement and earthworm Excrement, most preferably fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement；Preferred organic substrate is 2 ~ 2.5 parts by volume, and content is 50 ~ 55%（Volume ratio）；Into The hawthorn seeds carbon that 0.05 ~ 0.1 parts by volume is added preferably in solid matrix of one step.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting is technically characterized in that it includes 2 ~ 5 parts by volume of organic substrate, gently 1 parts by volume of matter inorganic matrix, 0.5 ~ 1 parts by volume of heavy inorganic matrix；

The organic substrate is selected from least one of wormcast, fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement, woody stems clast, humic acid；

The light-weight inorganic matrix is selected from vermiculite or perlite；

The heavy inorganic matrix is selected from river sand, volcanic rock or cinder, and partial size is 5 ~ 30mm.

2. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 1, it is technically characterized in that described organic Matrix is wormcast, fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement or humic acid, and volume parts are 2 ~ 4 parts by volume.

3. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 1, it is technically characterized in that described organic Matrix is woody stems clast, and the woody stems clast is selected from grape branch clast, apple branch clast or loose squama, volume parts are 2 ~ 4 parts by volume.

4. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 3, it is technically characterized in that described organic Matrix is the mixture of wormcast and/or ferment earthworm rabbit excrement and woody stems clast, and the wormcast is 0 ~ 3 parts by volume, institute The fermentation earthworm rabbit excrement stated is 1 ~ 2 parts by volume, and the woody stems clast is 0.5 ~ 3 parts by volume.

5. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 1 is technically characterized in that the lightweight Inorganic matrix is perlite, and the heavy inorganic matrix is river sand.

6. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 1 is technically characterized in that the heavy The content of inorganic matrix is 1 parts by volume.

7. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 1 is technically characterized in that the lightweight Inorganic matrix is perlite, and the heavy inorganic matrix is river sand；The volume parts of each component are：Organic substrate: Light-weight inorganic matrix:Heavy inorganic matrix is（2~4）:1:1.

8. the solid matrix of suitable vegetable three-dimensional planting according to claim 1 is technically characterized in that it further includes The hawthorn seeds carbon of 0.05 ~ 0.1 parts by volume.

9. a kind of vegetable three-dimensional planting method, it is technically characterized in that using consolidating described in any one in claim 1 ~ 8 Body matrix, and including following methods：

Step 1：Solid matrix processing：Solid matrix is sieved, partial size is no more than 5mm；It is rinsed repeatedly with clear water, until pH Value is down to 5.5 ~ 7.0, and matrix is carried out disinfection before filling basin with fungicide, and lid black plastic film is exposed to the sun 1 day outdoors for tiling, cruelly Plastic film is raised after solarization makes fungicide sufficiently volatilize；By treated, solid matrix is sub-packed in planting pot, watering or leaching basin Processing keeps matrix wet；

Step 2：Sowing, seed is seeded in planting pot, identical 0.5 ~ 1cm of solid matrix is after planting covered；

Step 3：Cultivate administration：Keep matrix wet before germination, to hold matrix water breakthrough print but not drip, landing, which dissipates, to be advisable, After budding keep matrix see it is dry see it is wet, until harvesting；The matrix wet method can select leaching basin, pouring or spray process, Wet medium is water.