CN112262734A

CN112262734A - Preparation and application of vegetable planting soil

Info

Publication number: CN112262734A
Application number: CN202011094509.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯希跃
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-09-30
Filing date: 2020-09-30
Publication date: 2021-01-26

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a vegetable planting soil preparation method and application thereof. The vegetable planting soil comprises the following components: fungus chaff, earthworm fertilizer and fine river sand; the ratio of the fungus chaff to the earthworm fertilizer to the fine river sand is 5: 3: 1; the mushroom bran, the earthworm fertilizer and the fine river sand are placed in a mushroom bag, and the length of the mushroom bag is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the mushroom bag is 15-20 cm. The application of the vegetable planting soil is that the vegetables are watered with clear water within 20 days after field planting, topdressing is carried out once every 10-15 days after 20 days, and the fertilizer is uniformly applied in a fungus bag which is 5 cm away from the vegetable roots. The fertilizer is applied reasonably according to the habit of the vegetables. The invention relates to a vegetable planting soil preparation and application thereof, which is an innovative planting mode for vegetable growth. The method is not limited by land, the vegetables grow fast, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, the stubble is easy to reverse, no soil continuous cropping obstacle exists, the quality is unchanged in 365 days, the method is not limited by regions, the production in south and north can be realized, the purposes of no use of chemical pesticides and less use of pesticides are achieved, and the standardized technical management and control are realized.

Description

Preparation and application of vegetable planting soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a vegetable planting soil preparation method and application thereof.

Background

People take food as the natural food and take soil as the basis. Before discussing the effect of fertilizer on soil fertility, we must make clear how the soil fertility is discussed in this way is many and can be roughly summarized in several points:

fertility is the basic attribute of soil, and it is because of fertility that plants can only grow on soil, and makes soil be distinguished from the matrix of soil that has no fertility. It determines the life activity of plants and the yield and quality of crops under certain climatic conditions. The soil with fertility is the basic production data of agricultural production.

The concept of fertility is divided into narrow and broad terms. The concept of fertility in a narrow sense refers to the ability of soil to supply nutrients and water necessary for plants, and various soil properties and states related to the nutrient and water supply ability. This concept centers on nutrients, such as nutrient content, presence, availability to plants, and factors that affect nutrient supply. The concept of fertility in a broad sense is a concept of recognizing the fertility of soil from a comprehensive viewpoint by taking into consideration many factors such as nutrients, moisture, air and heat (temperature) in soil, and the like, and the concept of fertility in soil is widely contained and relates to almost all branch fields of soil science.

The formation of soil fertility is influenced by natural factors such as mother substance, climate, vegetation, age of mature soil and the like. After reclamation, the cultivation is influenced by artificial measures. Therefore, the fertility of farmland soil is a result of comprehensive influence of both nature and man-made aspects. According to the data of the second general survey of soil in China, the low-fertility soil accounts for about half of the cultivated land soil in China. Therefore, the influence of the application of fertilizers on the fertility of the soil is also of necessity to attract attention.

The problems existing in the land, and the expression form thereof, can be roughly classified into the following centralized categories: seven categories including thin, greedy, plate, sour, salty, dirty and miscellaneous are analyzed for reasons in part of categories and solutions are found.

Soil thinning "

The expression form of land emaciation is various, and mainly focuses on two aspects of soil organic matter content reduction and soil organic matter quality aging. When the activity of organic matters in the soil is reduced, the updating speed of the organic matters in the organic fertilizer can be slowed down, and then the effect of the organic fertilizer can be weakened. In general, the suitable value of the organic matter content of the soil in dry-land orchards is 1.8-2.4%, the organic matter content of the orchard is 1.5-2.8%, and the organic matter content of the soil in paddy fields is 2.0-3.0%.

"Chan" soil "

However, in the production practice, farmers often feel that the land is fed with chemical fertilizers and the land is greedy to eat over time. More fertilizers are applied to achieve the same effect based on the original fertilizer dosage. Some agro-technologists also feel that the fertilizer efficiency of the applied fertilizer is now reduced. Originally, 1kg of urea is used, the yield of grains can be increased by 4-5 kg, and only 2-3 kg of grains can be increased at present. What interpretation is this again? This may be due to two main reasons: first, the amount of fertilizer used in China has increased rapidly in recent years, especially nitrogen fertilizers. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can not keep up correspondingly, and the situation that the fertilizer is applied with heavier nitrogen fertilizers and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are ignored is quite common. That is, the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are not balanced. The insufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium nutrients influences the exertion of the fertilizer efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer. Second, under current, local production conditions, fertilizers are available in a suitable amount, not the more the better. It is known that under relatively fixed conditions, the fertilizer consumption and the crop yield are not in a linear relationship but in a parabolic relationship, that is, the fertilizer consumption exceeds a certain limit, and the increased yield tends to decrease every unit of fertilizer consumption is increased, which is the phenomenon of decreasing reward on fertilization. If the dosage continues to increase, it may also cause a reduction in yield and some other negative effects. According to statistics, when the grain crops reach the level of 5.25-6. Ot/hm2, under the condition of sufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium nutrients, only 150-180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer (N) is applied. Beyond this amount, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers is significantly reduced. Of course, the above two factors may be related to the variety of the crop. Some high-yield varieties are 'Gaohan', can be eaten well, require a lot of fertilizers and are not economical in utilization of the fertilizers.

Soil 'board'

The soil is hard because the quantity of soil granular structures is reduced after the soil is hardened, the structures are damaged, the soil is hardened after the fertilizer is tried out, and the air permeability and the water permeability are weakened.

The existing problems are that the land is lack of a high-horsepower tractor and a matched deep scarification machine, deep scarification and deep ploughing soil preparation cannot be carried out, so that a plough layer becomes shallow, and the farmland soil plough layer obviously has the problems of shallow, solid and few. Aiming at the situation, the hardening speed of the soil can be delayed only by scientific cultivation and reasonable fertilization. Meanwhile, three major fertility seeds causing soil hardening are as follows:

the nitrogen fertilizer increases nitrogen consumption of soil microorganisms in soil organic matters, so that the content of the soil organic matters is reduced, the activity of the microorganisms and the formation of soil aggregate structures are influenced, and soil hardening is caused.

The positive ions in the phosphate fertilizer soil mainly comprise 2-valent calcium ions and magnesium ions, and when the phosphate fertilizer is excessively applied, phosphate ions in the phosphate fertilizer and the positive ions of calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil are combined to form difficultly soluble phosphate, so that the phosphate fertilizer is wasted, the granular structure of the soil is damaged, and the soil is hardened.

When the potash fertilizer is excessively applied, the potassium ion replacement property in the potash fertilizer is particularly strong, multivalent cations forming a soil aggregate structure can be replaced, the 1-valent potassium ions have no bond bridge effect, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, so that the aggregate structure is destroyed, and the soil is hardened.

The increasing year by year of the usage amount of the chemical fertilizer, the decreasing year by year of the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizer and the increasing year by year of the fertilization cost can lead the land capability to decrease progressively and threaten the environment, when the fertilizer containing more calcium, magnesium and phosphorus is applied, the acidity of the soil can increase progressively, the soil in the house can be hardened, and simultaneously, the soil acidification can breed fungi and rhizosphere diseases. Can cause the damage of the soil structure and the occurrence of the soil hardening problem, and simultaneously influences the effective absorption of nutrient elements. When the problems of reduction of organic matter content of soil, single fertilizer variety, continuous sitting of crops and leaching loss of base ions are simultaneously shown, the problem of soil is really serious.

Soil "dirty" and "hetero"

Soil dirty and miscellaneous can be summarized together, and the bio-organic fertilizer advocated in recent years has a great help to soil restoration and crop growth, but undeniably, the microorganisms are various in types, the quality is not satisfactory, the heavy metal content of poultry excrement exceeds the standard, and nutrient substances containing antibiotics, chemical pesticides, agricultural residual membranes and radioactive elements and the like are pollution sources for polluting crop growth and agricultural product quality.

Disclosure of Invention

The first purpose of the invention is to provide a vegetable planting soil preparation, which provides a planting soil suitable for vegetable growth;

the second purpose of the invention is to provide a vegetable planting soil application, aiming at solving the problems of short-term soil fertility enhancement, long-term easy soil deterioration, high fertilization cost, low efficiency and low automation level in vegetable planting.

The invention provides vegetable planting soil which comprises the following components: fungus chaff, earthworm fertilizer and fine river sand; the mushroom bran: and (3) earthworm fertilizer: the fine river sand ratio is 5: 3: 1.

Wherein the fungus chaff, the earthworm fertilizer and the fine river sand are placed in a fungus bag, the length of the fungus bag is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the fungus bag is 15-20 cm.

The number of the fungus bags is multiple, and the end parts of the fungus bags are adjacently arranged on the same straight line; the space between the fungus bags and the side surface of the fungus bag is 1.2-1.6 m.

Wherein, a vegetable is planted in each fungus bag; when the vegetables are planted in the fungus bags, the positions planted in the fungus bags are fixed.

Wherein a drip irrigation tape is arranged above the fungus bag; every fungus bag top is equipped with a drip irrigation zone's a drip hole, be equipped with the hole that can let the water droplet vegetable planting soil in the fungus bag below of drip hole on the fungus bag.

Wherein the fertilization required by the vegetable planting soil for no cubic meter comprises the following steps: 1.5-2.0 kg of total nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 kg of total phosphorus fertilizer and 0.8-2.4 kg of total potassium fertilizer.

Wherein, the fertilization is used according to the class of vegetables by stages, and when in use, the full nitrogen fertilizer, the full phosphate fertilizer and the full potassium fertilizer are required to be mixed.

The application of the vegetable planting soil is that clear water is poured into vegetables within 20 days after field planting, topdressing is carried out once every 10-15 days after 20 days, and the vegetables are uniformly fertilized in a fungus bag 5 cm away from the roots of the vegetables.

Wherein the growth of the vegetables in the vegetable planting soil requires a base fertilizer and an additional fertilizer; the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are the same fertilizer; the ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer in the vegetable planting soil is 25: 75-60: 40, and the additional fertilizer amount per cubic meter of soil is as follows: 80-150 g of total nitrogen fertilizer, 30-50 g of total phosphorus fertilizer and 50-180 g of total potassium fertilizer.

Wherein, the frequency of the top dressing is determined by the growth period of the vegetable crops.

The invention relates to a vegetable planting soil preparation and application beneficial effects: the reasonable proportion of the mushroom bran, the earthworm fertilizer and the fine river sand ensures that the planting soil meets the soil condition required by the growth of the vegetables, and the high yield of the vegetables is ensured by adding the vegetable planting soil disclosed in the technology and the time of watering and topdressing.

The preparation and application of the vegetable planting soil also have the following beneficial effects:

1. the nutrient soil with scientific proportion is filled into an edible fungus bag, which is called as a 'dish bar'. The edible fungus bag is produced in an industrial manner by using an edible fungus bag processing technology, and the edible fungus bag is sterilized without toxins and harmful bacteria in soil.

2. The nutrient soil of the vegetable stick contains more nutrients than common nutrient soil, and special ecological fertilizer is added before planting.

3. The standardized planting and the vegetable stick planting form firstly solves the standardization of soil and secondly is matched with a unified planting management technology, so that the planting of vegetables is scientific and not dependent on experience technology. During vegetable planting, no pesticide or less pesticide can be used, so that the planted vegetables have no pesticide residue.

4. The standardized technology for large-scale vegetable planting is solved, and the management cost is reduced.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and further, it is understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A vegetable planting soil comprises the following components: fungus chaff, earthworm fertilizer and fine river sand; the ratio of the fungus chaff to the earthworm fertilizer to the fine river sand is 5: 3: 1.

Specifically, the fungus chaff, the earthworm fertilizer and the fine river sand are placed in a fungus bag, and the length of the fungus bag is 20-30cm, and the diameter of the fungus bag is 15-20 cm.

Specifically, the number of the fungus bags is multiple, and the end parts of the fungus bags are adjacently arranged on the same straight line; the space between the fungus bags and the side surface of the fungus bag is 1.2-1.6 m.

Specifically, a vegetable is planted in each fungus bag; when the vegetables are planted in the fungus bags, the positions planted in the fungus bags are fixed.

Specifically, a drip irrigation tape is arranged above the fungus bag; every fungus bag top is equipped with a drip irrigation zone's a drip hole, be equipped with the hole that can let the water droplet vegetable planting soil in the fungus bag below of drip hole on the fungus bag.

Specifically, the fertilization required by the vegetable planting soil for the cubic meter comprises the following steps: 1.5-2.0 kg of total nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 kg of total phosphorus fertilizer and 0.8-2.4 kg of total potassium fertilizer.

Specifically, the fertilizer is used in stages according to the types of vegetables, and when the fertilizer is used, a full nitrogen fertilizer, a full phosphate fertilizer and a full potassium fertilizer are mixed.

Specifically, the growth of vegetables in the vegetable planting soil needs base fertilizer and additional fertilizer; the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are the same fertilizer; the ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer in the vegetable planting soil is 25: 75-60: 40, and the additional fertilizer amount per cubic meter of soil is as follows: 80-150 g of total nitrogen fertilizer, 30-50 g of total phosphorus fertilizer and 50-180 g of total potassium fertilizer.

Specifically, the frequency of the top dressing is determined by the growth period of the vegetable crops.

Examples are tomato and cucumber planting.

The vegetable planting soil is sterilized, so that the soil is free of toxins and bacteria.

Before planting tomatoes and cucumbers, firstly, adding ecological fertilizers into vegetable planting soil, wherein the ecological fertilizers comprise total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P2O5) and total potassium (K2O), and the total nitrogen (N) is 1.5-2.0 kg, the total phosphorus (P2O5) is 0.5-0.8 kg and the total potassium (K2O) is O.8-2.4 kg respectively according to the nutrient requirement of 8000-10000 kg per mu of tomatoes.

After the tomatoes and the cucumbers are planted, topdressing is not needed within 20 days, only clear water is needed to be poured, and after 20 days, topdressing is carried out once every 10-15 days and uniformly spread around the tomato and the cucumbers, wherein the distance from the roots to the periphery is 5 cm. The ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer is 25: 75-60: 40, and the additional fertilizer amount per cubic meter of soil is as follows: 80-150 g of total nitrogen (N), 30-50 g of total phosphorus (P2O5) and 50-180 g of total potassium (K2O). The frequency of top dressing is determined by the growth period of the crops.

In order to maintain the optimum fertilizer supply throughout the growth period of the crop, the fertilizer is usually applied in stages depending on the type of crop and the fertilizer applied.

When the tomatoes and the cucumbers are planted, the row spacing of the fungus bags is required to be ensured to be 1.4 meters by 0.2 meter, and 1 drip irrigation tape or arrow water with the hole spacing of 20 centimeters can be paved.

The tomatoes and the cucumbers prepared by the method really do not use any pesticide in vegetable planting, so that the planted vegetables have no pesticide residue.

The ozone generator is used for avoiding insect damage, and the produced vegetables have no agriculture.

Because the vegetables in the technology are placed in the fungus bags, the vegetables can be planted in a large scale and in a three-dimensional way on a balcony.

In summary, the following steps: the special ecological nutrient cultivation soil is matched with a unique vegetable stick vegetable planting technology, and is an innovative vegetable planting mode for vegetable growth. The method is not limited by land, the vegetables grow fast, the plant diseases and insect pests are few, the stubble is easy to reverse, the soil continuous cropping obstacle is avoided, the quality of 365 days is unchanged, the method is not limited by regions, the production in south and north can be realized, the purposes of no chemical pesticide and less pesticide use are achieved, the standardized technology management and control are realized, the product quality is excellent, safe and controllable, and the problems of the standardized technology and the production management which limit the scale development of the farm are solved. The product can reach the organic green standard. The quality of the vegetables is good, and the quality requirements of people on safety, nutrition, excellent quality and freshness of the vegetables are guaranteed.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The vegetable planting soil is characterized by comprising the following components: fungus chaff, earthworm fertilizer and fine river sand; the ratio of the fungus chaff to the earthworm fertilizer to the fine river sand is 5: 3: 1.

2. The method for preparing vegetable planting soil according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom bran, the earthworm fertilizer and the fine river sand are placed in a mushroom bag, and the mushroom bag is 20-30cm in length and 15-20cm in diameter.

3. A vegetable planting soil preparation according to claim 1, wherein the number of the fungus bags is plural, and the end parts of the fungus bags are adjacently arranged on a straight line; the space between the fungus bags and the side surface of the fungus bag is 1.2-1.6 m.

4. A vegetable planting soil preparation according to claim 3, wherein a vegetable is planted in each of said fungus bags; when the vegetables are planted in the fungus bags, the positions planted in the fungus bags are fixed.

5. A vegetable planting soil preparation according to claim 1, wherein a drip irrigation tape is provided above the fungus bag; every fungus bag top is equipped with a drip irrigation zone's a drip hole, be equipped with the hole that can let the water droplet vegetable planting soil in the fungus bag below of drip hole on the fungus bag.

6. A vegetable planting soil preparation according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization required for the vegetable planting soil to cover a cubic meter comprises: 1.5-2.0 kg of total nitrogen fertilizer, 0.5-0.8 kg of total phosphorus fertilizer and 0.8-2.4 kg of total potassium fertilizer.

7. The method for preparing vegetable planting soil according to claim 6, wherein the fertilizer is applied in stages according to vegetable types, and when the fertilizer is applied, a full nitrogen fertilizer, a full phosphorus fertilizer and a full potassium fertilizer are mixed.

8. The application of the vegetable planting soil is characterized by comprising the steps of pouring clear water within 20 days after field planting according to any one of claims 1 to 7, fertilizing once every 10 to 15 days after 20 days, and uniformly fertilizing in a fungus sack which is 5 centimeters away from the vegetable root.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the growth of the vegetables in the vegetable-planting soil requires a base fertilizer and a top dressing; the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are the same fertilizer; the ratio of the base fertilizer to the additional fertilizer in the vegetable planting soil is 25: 75-60: 40, and the additional fertilizer amount per cubic meter of soil is as follows: 80-150 g of total nitrogen fertilizer, 30-50 g of total phosphorus fertilizer and 50-180 g of total potassium fertilizer.

10. A vegetable planting soil preparation according to claim 9, wherein the number of topdressing is determined according to the growth period of the vegetable crop.