CN103843636A - Bi-directional adjusting method for organic high-calcium nutritional apple - Google Patents
Bi-directional adjusting method for organic high-calcium nutritional apple Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides bi-directional adjusting technology for an organic high-calcium nutritional apple. The technology comprises the steps of adjusting the overground part of an apple tree, conditioning underground soil, replenishing necessary substances which are incomplete in a plant body, activating inherent vitality of the plant body, inducing the plant to generate a stress-resistant system and a self-protecting mechanism, promoting balance relation between plant adjustment vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and improving fruit yield and internal and external quality, so that the plant healthily grows according to the inherent life principle. Trace elements and organic calcium elements which are lack in the soil are replenished, the problem of soil acidification is solved, the pH value of the soil and the fertilizer utilization rate are improved, harmful substances are eliminated, organic materials and a microbial population number are increased, the soil is activated, and the soil nutrient activity is stimulated. The outstanding problems that the soil environment is deteriorated, roots are not developed, the plant body is weak, plant disease is serious, the yield is not stable, the fruit quality is poor in the current agricultural production are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of gardening, specifically orchard management is cultivated technology, especially a kind of organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method.
Background technology
" organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology " (hereinafter to be referred as " two conditioning technology "), be exactly according to plant " five large equilibrium principles ", according to the principle of " good recipe good medicine matches ", use state-of-the-art allelopathy principle (being the allelopathy of plant) and biological anti-control techniques (utilizing biogenic material to carry out prevention and control to damage by disease and insect) in the world, fruit tree " acrial part " is regulated, " underground " nursed one's health, to supplement rapidly the in great shortage necessary materials that consume in a large number for many years in various nutritive elements required in fruit tree growth process and tree body, the generation of the degeneration-resistant system of inducing plant and self-protective mechanism, improvement soil physical and chemical property, stimulate the healthy and strong growth of root system, excite the intrinsic vitality of tree body itself, effectively solving the soil environment existing in producing at present worsens, root system is undeveloped, tree vigo(u)r is weak, disease is serious, disease-resistant anti-disaster ability is poor, output shakiness, biennial bearing is serious, fruit appearance quality is poor, degradation problem under mouthfeel, make fruit tree enter rapidly growth conditions and the environment of organic food, gradually reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, finally reach the object of producing organic high calcium apple.
Apple is the leading industry of China, and governments at all levels always pay much attention to apple production.2000, when former Shaanxi Province is responsible for agriculture vice-governor Wang Shousen and relevant expert and investigates in Luochuan, for the problem occurring in apple production at that time, " change greatly shape, apply fertilizer ingeniously, hale branch, nuisanceless " four large key technologies are proposed.These four key technologies, " change greatly shape, hale branch, nuisanceless " all done relatively goodly afterwards, had clearly concrete technical measures.Do but " fertilising ingeniously " what-the-hell done? never final conclusion.There is no the blank of concrete operations code in order to fill up " fertilising ingeniously ", since 2002, Shanxi Zhongnong Ruifeng Chemical Fertilizer Science and Technology Co., Ltd. entrusts the technical adviser of Yan'an means of agricultural production home-delivery center of Shaanxi middle peasant Rui Feng company (being now Shaanxi middle peasant Rui Fa agricultural development Co., Ltd), senior agronomist to congratulate to make a good deal of money and cooperate with Luochuan County agricultural [technology center, presides over carried out " apple soil testing and fertilizer recommendation technology " research in Luochuan.Through the researchs of 5 years and test, summary formed " supporting three measures; weigh potassium, mend nitrogen, steady phosphorus, join micro-" apple survey soil formula Tree Precise Fertilization system, solve the problem that fertilization for apple direction and goal is indefinite, there is no concrete operations code, and in the whole province, first passed through Shaanxi Province's appraisal of scientific and technological achievements (No. [2007] 038, Shan section mirror word) on May 9th, 2007, and win " national science and technology sparking plan " project, thereby complete, system, concrete fertilising operational procedure are established for the fruit industry fast development in Shaanxi and even the whole nation.
But, along with the raising day by day of development and the production technology level of domestic and international fruit production situation, we found in " apple is surveyed soil formula Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization " process applying in recent years, this technology also has many incomplete local needs to continue to improve: the one, and this technological orientation target is not high, only be confined to nuisanceless, Green food production, can not adapt to the needs of growing organic apple production; The 2nd, this technology belongs to conventional current techique category, key issues such as can not giving prominence to and solve that the soil physical and chemical property existing in producing is not good, root system development is bad, tree vigo(u)r is weak, disease-resistant anti-disaster ability is poor, disease and biennial bearing serious, fruit exterior quality is poor, Development of Organic Foods fertilizer and Plant Protection are difficult to resolve certainly, peasant grabs incessantly emphasis aborning; The 3rd, the precision of this technology is not comprehensive, only there is clearly concrete requirement to surveying native formula, fertilization principle, fertilizing method, fertilizing amount, fertilizing time, but to there is no concrete regulation at " agricultural material product " implementing to apply in technical measures process, namely " good recipe " do not match with " good medicine ", occurred that mass peasants do not know the problem that what is to be done.Therefore, since 2008, Shaanxi middle peasant Rui Fa agricultural development Co., Ltd and technical team of Luochuan County Nong Gaoguoyou Specialty Co-operative Organization again with German Plant Nutrition doctor's Mr. Thomas, college professor Southeast Asia, Taiwan Pingdong famous organic manure expert doctor Xie Qincheng cooperate, survey at apple on the basis of soil formula Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization, lack for the soil organic matter existing in apple production, physicochemical character worsens, root system development is bad, disease-resistant anti-disaster ability is poor, fruit appearance quality is poor, yield poorly and shakiness, Development of Organic Foods fertilizer and Plant Protection are difficult to the contradiction and problems of profound levels such as solving, use allelopathy principle and biological modulated control techniques, according to the principle of " good medicine good recipe matches ", carry out the technical research of organic high calcium production.Through 3 years continuous test and studies, sum up and formed " organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology " system, obtain beyond thought remarkable result, be subject to the famous experts' such as Wang Jingyan high evaluation.
Development of Organic Foods is the inexorable trend of the future of agriculture development.The preparation of carrying out in advance development organic farm products has become the task of top priority with production technology research work.But the problem that we occur in process of production is in recent years many, technical merit falls behind, and level of agricultural production is still rested on in the nuisanceless or pollution-free food production level proposing, and Development of Organic Foods exists profound contradiction and problems.If do not set about in advance carrying out the work of this respect, be satisfied with current present situation, just there will be and fall back even by the superseded situation in merciless market, agricultural production is just difficult to go up this new step of organic foodstuff production again.Therefore, since 2008, we are summing up on the basis of perfect " apple is surveyed soil formula Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization ", carry out " organic high-calcium nutrient apple production technology " research, object is: in exploring organic foodstuff production new approach, level of agricultural production being brought up to a new class, found " organic high-calcium nutrient apple " this characteristic brand, solve the general calcium deficiency of current Chinese, the medicine problem that price highly, difficult absorbs, weak effect even has side effect of replenishing the calcium.Level of agricultural production is reached a new level, increase substantially agriculture production benefit, the international competitiveness that strengthens agricultural product is of great immediate significance.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention provides a kind of organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method, effectively solves the outstanding problems such as the soil environment existing in current agricultural production worsens, root system is undeveloped, plant corpus is weak, disease is serious, output is unstable, fruit quality is poor.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides a kind of organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method, comprise to apple fruit tree acrial part carry out ground regulate and underground is nursed one's health, be specifically divided into 1) soil, tree body do not nurse one's health before and 2) soil, tree body adjust latter two stage that enters organic high calcium apple production;
1) before soil, tree body are not nursed one's health, the detailed process that apple fruit tree acrial part is carried out regulating on the ground and underground being nursed one's health is:
Before rudiment in early spring: full garden sprays 5 degree lime sulfurs, clear garden sterilizing;
Titbit separation period, budding before: spray Germany green 800 times of liquid+75% orthenes of 800 times of liquid+20% Peracetic acid of the 6 grams/acre+Taiwan husband of agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating or 600 times of liquid of 1.5% matrine of protecting, every tree imposes 1～2 jin, urea;
After fallen flowers 7～10 days: spray green 3000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid+lucky stars of 3 grams/acre+organic calcium or the Difenoconazole+Du Pont of protecting of Germany and easily protect 600 times of 800 times of liquid or 800 times of large raw M45+75% orthenes or 1.5% matrines;
Before fruit bagging: spray green 1000 times of liquid+Du Ponts of 3～6 grams/acre+organic calcium that protect of Germany and easily protect the large raw M45+ Bayer Bitterfeld GmbHs of 800 times of liquid or 800 times and make every effort to overcome well or 600 times of liquid of fine bacterium azoles+Avermectin+1.5% matrine or 1000 times of liquid of 75% orthene+humic acid liquid fertilizer;
Flower bud differentiation period after fruit bagging: spray 800 times of liquid+800 times 80% mancozeb+Difenoconazoles of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating or 600 times of liquid of fine bacterium azoles+Avermectin+1.5% matrine or 75% orthene, every tree imposes 2～3 jin of diammonium phosphate;
Fruit expanding period: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 3～6 grams/acre+organic potassic fertilizer solution that protect of Germany, every tree imposes 2～3 jin of potassium sulfates;
Autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: every tree is executed 5～10 jin of 5～7 jin of 3～5 jin+potassium sulfate of 3～5 jin+organic calcium powder of 50 jin+Taiwan of the high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure husband of agricultural university soil reduction process element formula fertilizers or every tree organic fertilizers;
2) after soil, tree body adjust and enter organic high calcium apple production, the detailed process that apple fruit tree acrial part is carried out regulating on the ground and underground being nursed one's health is:
Before rudiment in early spring: full garden sprays 5 degree lime sulfurs, clear garden sterilizing;
Titbit separation period, budding before: spray Germany the green 600 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of 800 times of liquid+20% Peracetic acid of the 6 grams/acre+Taiwan husband of agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating that protect;
After fallen flowers 7～10 days: spray 600 times of liquid of Germany's green protecting 1000 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of (3 grams every mu)+organic calcium;
Before fruit bagging: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of 1000 times of liquid+humic acid water-soluble fertilizers of 6 grams/acre+organic calcium that protect of Germany;
Flower bud differentiation period after fruit bagging: spray 1000 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+humic acid water-soluble fertilizers of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating;
Fruit expanding period: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 3～6 grams/acre+organic potassic fertilizer solution that protect of Germany.
Autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: every tree is executed 15～20 jin of 5～7 jin of 3～5 jin+organic calcium powders of 150～200 jin+Taiwan of the well-rotted farmyard manure husband of agricultural university soil reduction process element or every tree organic fertilizers.
Above-mentioned 1) in, for weak tree, stunted tree, yellow tree, leaflet tree, mosaic tree, disaster-stricken tree and root rot is serious, root system development is bad fruit tree: in autumn basal dressing or spring basal dressing, every tree 3～5 jin of real organic calcium powders again, are then watered 30～50 jin of filling roots with 1～3 gram of green protecting of Germany; In fruit tree growth season in spring, on every tree, spray again 8000～10000 times of Germany green protecting+800 times husband of Taiwan agricultural university aqueous organopolysiloxane, interval once connects and sprays twice for 15 days.
Above-mentioned 1) in, autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: the proportioning that every tree is executed high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure, the husband of Taiwan agricultural university soil reduction process element and organic calcium powder is 6: 8: 16 or 17: 10: 8.
Above-mentioned organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology, also comprises and utilizes trap band, trapping lamp or insect-sticking plate pest control.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: effectively solve the outstanding problems such as the soil environment existing in current agricultural production worsens, root system is undeveloped, plant corpus is weak, disease is serious, output is unstable, fruit quality is poor; The current level of production is brought up to a new class, reach well developed root system, tree body stalwartness, high and stable yield, fruit size uniformity, color and luster beautiful, reach the object of producing high-calcium nutrient apple.
Embodiment
The present invention is based on surveying on the basis of soil formula Technique of Accurate Application of Fertilization, for the soil physical and chemical property that exists in current production worsen, bad, the disease-resistant anti-disaster ability of root system development is poor, fruit appearance quality is poor, yield poorly and unstable, Development of Organic Foods fertilizer and Plant Protection such as are difficult to solve at the profound contradiction and problems, the method that research and inquirement overcomes the above problems, specify technique direction and target, refinement technology measure, good recipe and good medicine supporting on seeking breakthrough, form more clearly, specifically, technical system accurately.
The know-why of organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology that the present embodiment provides is:
" two conditioning technology " developed according to allelopathy principle, the large equilibrium principle of plant five (nourishing and growing and reproductive growth balance, acrial part and under ground portion balance, macroelement and middle Equilibrium of Trace Elements, soil aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria balance, major measure and supplementary measures balance) and biological anti-control techniques.Setting forth before these know-whies, we first simple knowledge once what is Allelopathic Effect in Plants?
Allelopathic Effect in Plants is the up-to-date front subject that domestic and international scientist of 21st century shows great attention to.Just current, know that the people of this noun is also few.But in daily life, everybody can find, various wild plants or other biological in the Nature are all grown vigorous every year, and are not vulnerable to the prestige rib of damage by disease and insect in the situation that of nobody's pipe.Even if be subject to the threat of pest disaster, also can recover soon growth.Especially ruderal, people are sprayed over and over again medicine, are rooted out, but it is still growing year in year out extremely vigorously.Why there will be this phenomenon? mainly that this biology is from coming this in the world; just there is generation and discharge a kind of material; the instinct that its biology of another kind injury is suppressed or killed and wounded; that is to say that organism itself exists extremely vigorous vitality; there are autoprotection, self-recovery, the self-perfection mechanism of resisting extraneous biological infringement, thereby create favourable condition for it self existence.Such as, plant under walnut tree can not grow, and is mainly that leaf, the skin of walnut tree can discharge Water-Soluble Glucose glucoside juglone, and these glucoside juglones are arrived on the ground by misty rain leaching, through edaphon effect, be hydrolyzed into the virose juglone of tool and kill the lower plant of tree; Crops can not be planted in the Korean pine woods side of Japan, is mainly because the harmful substance that the leaf of Korean pine produces under the leaching of rain and dew has suppressed rudiment, the growth in crops; People encounters lacquer tree and occurs that swelling phenomenon is, because lacquer tree produces the harmful substance discharging, human body is had to injury effect; The plant blooming why with insect pollinator interdependence, be because phanerogams will rely on insect pollinator for its visits flower pollination, continuity life, so just give out the fresh flower attraction insect pollinator of shades of colour, various fragrance; Wheat and millet can not continuous croppings, are because the Phenolics of wheat root secretion has suppressed the normal development of millet.In biocoenosis, this interdependence just, mutually struggle against, connect each other, the phenomenon (namely Allelopathic Effect in Plants) of cooperative development, just formed current colourful biological world.If biology does not all have this instinct, other biology is all attacked and is disturbed, and so, this biology will be difficult to survival and development.
Fruit tree is biological the same with other, and under reset condition, itself also exists extremely vigorous vitality, also resists extraneous biological infringement, with other biological interdependence, mutually struggle against, connect each other, the self-protective mechanism of cooperative development.This point, mass peasants have noticed this phenomenon in long-term agricultural production practice, the aspects such as the special rotation of crops crops, crop rotation, intercropping have accumulated rich experience.Such as, the peasant in Yunnan takes the cropping system of upland rice/clean taro/buckwheat/oat/let a piece of farmland go to waste, overcome the problem of upland rice continuous cropping production declining; Sichuan and Hunan adopt paddy rice/rape (Rice In Guangdong/peanut) crop rotation, have not only solved crops for rotation problem, can also make increasing production of rice 20% left and right; Heilungkiang adopts the crop rotation of wheat/beans to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of soybean; Yunnan adopts the intercropping of glue/tea to make glue, tea bumper harvests.In recent years, why there is in process of production such-and-such problem in us, main cause is: our apple production has entered the new stage of upgrading synergy, but our technology management level still rests in level in the past, technical system falls behind or is aging, it is long-range to lack, the strategy of science is considered, " good recipe " do not match with " good medicine ", can not solve the profound contradiction and problems existing in production, be confined to treat the head when the head aches, pin pain is cured pin, especially manage not according to plant growth rule, random large, even take " predation formula " to manage, their original growth-development law and life conditions are destroyed.Be mainly manifested in following three aspects: (1) only focuses on the input of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, in not focusing on, trace element is supplementary, causes fruit tree nutrition element imbalance, Fruit physiology disease is more, and fruit-setting rate is low, output shakiness, biennial bearing is serious, and fruit appearance matter is poor; (2) take for many years " predation formula " to manage always, making to set necessary material consumption intrinsic in body has use up and has not been supplemented, cause fruit tree tree body weak, lose self-perfection, self-control, self-recovery function, nourish and grow and reproduction reproduction disequilibrium, biennial bearing is serious, and disease-resistant anti-disaster ability is poor; (3) most critical, the most basic soil melioration work are not grabbed as key problem, and use in a large number without become thoroughly decomposed fermentation night soil and animal waste, not only can not improve soil, and form reproducibility soil, cause that soil compaction is more serious, harmful substance increases, quantity of useful microbe reduces, affect root system development and fruit tree normal growth, affect apple production and quality.
The key overcoming the above problems is: supplement as early as possible incomplete necessary material in the required various nutritive elements of fruit tree growth and body, build a good growing environment to root system, allow fruit tree recover as early as possible normal growth conditions, recover their intrinsic vitalities own, allow them according to the healthy and strong growth of intrinsic life rule itself, make them enter rapidly growth conditions and the environment of organic food, finally reach and gradually reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide, the object of producing organic high calcium food.
At present, we " organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology " of research promotion is exactly to carry out according to this principle.
Conditioning principle:
Grow endogenous hormones to meet organic high calcium apple development, soil environment, nutritive element need to be prerequisite, supplement necessary material and various nutritive element incomplete in plant corpus, keeping planting the large balance of fruit tree growth five (nourishes and grows and reproductive growth balance, acrial part and under ground portion balance, macroelement and middle Equilibrium of Trace Elements, soil aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria balance, major measure and supplementary measures balance), keep or increase soil fertility and soil microbial activities, excite fruit tree vitality, keep plant corpus healthy and strong growth under nature, reach the high-quality and efficient object of agricultural product.Specifically follow the principle of " seven is main, seven combinations ":
1, taking application of organic fertilizers, microbial activity fertilizer as main, soil conditioner is auxiliary, fertilizer, the fertile principle combining with soil conditioner of microbial activity;
2, taking root organic fertilizer, microbial activity fertilizer, soil conditioner as main, foliage-spray is auxiliary, and root is granted the principle that foliage-spray combines;
3, taking macroelement as main, middle trace element is auxiliary, the principle that macroelement combines with middle trace element;
4, to use nutritive element as main, the supporting plant resource growth regulator of using, the principle that nutritive element is combined with plant resource growth regulator;
5, to use special agricultural material product as main, supporting application process accurately, the principle that " good medicine " is combined with " good method ";
6, taking two conditioning technology measures as main, supporting Routine Management measure, the principle that two conditioning technology measures are combined with Routine Management measure;
7,, taking comprehensive adjustment as main, supporting individual event regulates, and comprehensive adjustment is regulated to the principle combining with individual event.
The particular content of two conditioning technologies (being organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology), briefly, with the tailor-make product with Allelopathic Effect in Plants and biological prevention and control effect, plant " acrial part " is regulated exactly, " underground " nursed one's health.
1, regulate on the ground: adopt the plant resource growth regulator Germany " green protecting " with Allelopathic Effect in Plants to be divided into row adjusting to overground part; object is to supplement necessary materials a large amount of consumption for many years, incomplete in plant corpus; excite the intrinsic vitality of plant itself; the generation of the degeneration-resistant system of inducing plant and self-protective mechanism; promote plant to regulate the balanced relation of nourishing and growing with reproductive growth; improve fruit yield and inside and outside quality, make this plant according to the healthy and strong growth of the intrinsic life rule of itself.
2, underground conditioning: application Taiwan soil power also essence " husband of agricultural university " and " organic calcium powder " is nursed one's health underground, object is to supplement the trace element and the mineral element that in soil that consume in a large number for many years in soil, current, lack, increase the soil organic matter and microbial population, activating soil, excite soil nutrient vigor, meet the demand of growth and development of plants to various elements, stimulate the healthy and strong growth of root system, to plant health, a good soil environment is created in growth, reaches the object of good quality and high output.
The particular content of organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology is:
1, before soil, tree body are not nursed one's health
Before rudiment in early spring: full garden sprays 5 degree lime sulfurs, clear garden sterilizing;
Titbit separation period (before buddingging): spray 600 times of green the protecting of Germany (6 grams every mu)+husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating 800 times+20% Peracetic acid 800 times+75% orthene or 1.5% matrines, every tree imposes urea 1-2 jin.Be mainly freeze proof taking precautions against natural calamities, the anti-worm of curing the disease, improves the bud quality and fruit-setting rate;
7---10 days after fallen flowers: spray Germany green protecting 3000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid+lucky stars of (3 grams every mu)+organic calcium or Difenoconazole+Du Pont and easily protect 600 times of 800 times of liquid or 800 times of large raw M45+75% orthenes or 1.5% matrines, reduce physiological fallen fruit, promote young fruit development, prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Before fruit bagging: spray that 800 times of liquid are easily protected by green protecting (every mu of 3-6 gram)+organic calcium 1000 times of liquid+Du Ponts of Germany or 800 times of large raw M45+ Bayer Bitterfeld GmbHs are made every effort to overcome well or 1000 times of 600 times of fine bacterium azoles+Avermectin+1.5% matrines or 75% orthene+humic acid liquid fertilizers, promote young fruit development, prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Flower bud differentiation period after fruit bagging (at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May): spray 800 times+800 times 80% mancozeb+Difenoconazoles of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating or 600 times of fine bacterium azoles+Avermectin+1.5% matrines or 75% orthene, every tree imposes diammonium phosphate 2-3 jin, promotes young fruit development and flower bud differentiation.Alternately spray zinc-copper bordeaux mixture later, protect leaf fruit retention, control early defoliation disease;
Fruit expanding period (mid or late July is to mid or late August): spray green the protecting of Germany (every mu of 3-6 gram)+600 times of organic potassic fertilizer solution, every tree imposes potassium sulfate 2-3 jin.Promote Fruit, improve fruit quality.
Autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: generally, every tree is executed 50 jin+Taiwan of the high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure husband of agricultural university soil reduction process element 3-5 jin+organic calcium powder 3-5 jin+high-quality potassium sulfate formula fertilizer 5-7 jin (formula is advisable with 16-8-16 or 17-10-18).There is no high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure, every tree executes the finished product fertilizer 5-10 jin of reliable in quality.
Weak tree, stunted tree, yellow tree, leaflet tree, mosaic tree, disaster-stricken tree and the fruit tree that root rot is serious, root system development is bad: in autumn basal dressing or spring basal dressing, every tree organic calcium powder 3-5 jin again, is then watered 30-50 jin filling root with 1-3 gram of green the protecting of Germany.In fruit tree growth season in spring, on tree, spray again the foliage fertilizer of the reliable in quality of trace element in doubly green the protecting of Germany of 8000-10000+contain fulvic acid and iron, zinc, boron, magnesium, copper, molybdenum etc., once even spray twice for 15 days at interval.
2, after soil, tree body adjust and enter organic high calcium apple production
Before rudiment in early spring: full garden sprays 5 degree lime sulfurs, clear garden sterilizing;
Titbit separation period (before buddingging): spray green the protecting of Germany (6 grams every mu)+600 times of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating 800 times+20% Peracetic acid 800 times+1.5% matrines, mainly freeze proof taking precautions against natural calamities, the anti-worm of curing the disease, improves the bud quality and fruit-setting rate;
7---10 days after fallen flowers: spray 600 times of 1000 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of Germany's green protecting (3 grams every mu)+organic calcium, reduce physiological fallen fruit, promote young fruit development, prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Before fruit bagging: spray 600 times of 1000 times of liquid+humic acid water-soluble fertilizers of Germany's green protecting (every mu of 3-6 gram)+organic calcium, 1000 times+1.5% matrines, promote young fruit development, prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Flower bud differentiation period after fruit bagging (at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May): spray 1000 times of 800 times+humic acid water-soluble fertilizers of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating, promote young fruit development and flower bud differentiation.Alternately spray zinc-copper bordeaux mixture later, protect leaf fruit retention, control early defoliation disease.
Fruit expanding period (mid or late July is to mid or late August): spray green the protecting of Germany (every mu of 3-6 gram)+600 times of organic potassic fertilizer solution, promote Fruit, ahead of time fruit quality.
Control of insect: with physical mechanical method pest controls such as trap band, trapping lamp, insect-sticking plates;
Autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: every tree is executed the high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure 150-200 jin+Taiwan husband of agricultural university soil reduction process element 3-5 jin+organic calcium powder 5-7 jin.There is no high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure, every tree executes the finished product fertilizer 15-20 jin of reliable in quality.
The effect of organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology is:
1, effectively solve the outstanding problems such as the soil environment existing in current agricultural production worsens, root system is undeveloped, plant corpus is weak, disease is serious, output is unstable, fruit quality is poor.
2, the current level of production is brought up to a new class, reach the object that well developed root system, tree body stalwartness, high and stable yield, fruit size uniformity, color and luster are beautiful, first produce high-calcium nutrient apple.
3, prepare for organic high-calcium nutrient apple production.By the effort of 3-5, gradually reduce chemical fertilizer and applications of pesticide amount, reach the object of producing organic high-calcium nutrient apple, form characteristic brand.
Organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology application example that the present embodiment provides is as follows:
1, Luochuan County forever the orchard worker Wang Anmin in every country Dong Jing village have 8 Fuji apples and 7 typical virus diseases of loud, high-pitched sound Pterostyrax, the annual a large amount of yellows of blade, fruit piebald is serious.In October, 2008, we are to wherein 1 Fuji and 1 loud, high-pitched sound tree have been used " two conditioning technology " the marking of listing.When within 2009, loud, high-pitched sound is ripe, we check test situation to the orchard of Wang Anmin, I had never expected, the overall leaf look of this loud, high-pitched sound tree is dark green, and apple is beautiful bright-coloured, just to immediately national famous fruit tree expert Wang Jingyan to make a phone call to report.A Wang Jing man of virtue and ability just comes to check from Beijing, and happily we is said on the 3rd day: " Apple virus disease is incurable disease, and you become dominant symptom recessive just very amazing! It seems, your two conditioning technologies are very successful ".The same year, after 13 family orchard workers of apple Specialty Co-operative Organization of every country Dong Jing village have used " two conditioning technology " forever, all obtain remarkable result, apple has been sold individual good price.We are agrotechnical center, the test such as treatment armillariella root rot of apple, stunted tree, little leaf, yellow tree of township Dong Jing, million normal, capital plateau and Yao Yan specialize forever in Luochuan, and effect is highly significant also.
2, Nan Feng village, frontier passes and mountains town, Yanliang District, Xi'an peasant Feng Zili has planted 10 mu of muskmelons for 2009.Use after " two conditioning technology ", output has improved 40%, and fruit is beautiful, and fruit type is rectified, and pol, up to 18 degree, creates much of a stir in locality.He dresses up gift box (6, every box) muskmelon, and 60 yuan of every box prices, are sold out by travelling trader, and Feng Zili beats drums and gongs and sent the letter of thanks here and silk banner is expressed thanks to us.
3, the vice-president Lei Qinshi of the Luochuan County CPPCC forever every country peace chew Ziren.Family has two orchards, amounts to 6.7 mu of ground.Before 2009, an orchard is painted bad, and fruit type is not rectified, and rot is more serious, and biennial bearing appears in an orchard, and fruit size differs.Come into effect winter in 2009 after " two conditioning technology ", by 2011, tree body stalwartness, bud satiation, output is stabilized in 110,000 bags of left and right always, fruit size is even, lovely luster, and disease obviously reduces, the soil organic matter reaches 11.41%, 85 fruits account for 95%, and fruit calcium content reaches 13.8mg/kg (normal value 9-12), has tentatively reached the target of high-calcium nutrient apple.
Following explanation is done in the selection of the auxiliary products in the organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way conditioning technology first the present embodiment being provided:
1 selects the reason of Germany's " green protecting "
1.1 " green protecting " are that Germany scientist is according to natural world marvellous " Allelopathic Effect in Plants " and ecological biochemical basis, used for 30 years, from 37 kinds of wild plants research extract, first has the pure natural high-tech plant resource plant protection product of Allelopathic Effect in Plants in the world.This product includes 8 kinds of natural plants endogenous hormones, and more than 10 plant flavonoids catalytic equilibration composition, the active substance of plant such as 20 seed amino acid compounds and stress-resistant inducer.After being manured into soil or spraying application on plant corpus, can supplement rapidly in plant corpus a large amount of consume for many years, extremely lack, there is self-control, self-protection, the necessary material of self-recovery effect, cause numerous biochemical reactions in plant corpus, start plant autoprotection mechanism, excite plant life vigor, make plant show extremely vigorous vitality, thereby have that the root system of stimulation is healthy and strong grows, recover tree vigo(u)r, drought resisting, freeze proof, disease-resistant, remove poisoning, fertilizer damage and soil-borne disease, adjusting is nourished and grown and reproductive growth balanced development, keep high-yield plant stable yields, the special efficacy such as improve the yield and quality.So brainstrust has summed up such a few words: cultivate strong sprout, arousing potential energy, the strong moment protects with green; Improve output, improve quality, protect crucial moment with green; Stiff seedling, Huang Miao, root of hair not, the difficulty moment protects with green; Poisoning, freeze injury, high temperature resistance, the crisis moment protects with green.The green this special efficacy protecting is consistent with contained active ingredient with us needs and the direction of seminar's research.At present, also do not have other products alternative.
1.2 " green protecting " belongs to endogenous hormones, and he is different from the hormone that on market, the large daily life of a family is said.Hormone or growth regulator that the large daily life of a family is said, be generally artificial synthetic exogenous hormone, can not in Organic Fruit is produced, use.And the raw material sources of " green protecting " are in German organic grow garden, be organic products, product quality meets European Union, the U.S., Japanese organic farming standard, obtains the ecological Organic certification of the BCS of European Union Organic certification and U.S. OMRI.Product meets the requirement that organic products is produced, and can in organic products is produced, use in a large number.Therefore, we are defined as green protecting the specific auxiliary products that " two conditioning technology " regulates on the ground.
2 select Taiwan " husband's of agricultural university " reason
Taiwan soil power also essence " husband of agricultural university " to be Taiwan gloomy rich biotechnology cause Co., Ltd be rich in more than the 70 special mineral resources of planting flood tide element and trace element being engaged in for a long time rare (one place, Taiwan, the Russian place) in the world that find in mineral products cause process.Through research and development for many years, produce also essence " husband of agricultural university " of unique soil power.On this basis, the college professor of Taiwan Pingdong, Southeast Asia famous organic manure expert doctor Xie Qincheng, need according to " two conditioning technology ", ecosystem biofermentation technique is combined with this product, and development and production have gone out the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, activity is good, fertilizer efficiency is high, be rich in plant and necessary multiple flood tide and the trace quantity mineral substance element of human body, the also essence " husband of agricultural university " of unique soil power that contains a large amount of beneficial microbe colonies.This product is with at present on the market compared with like product, have the fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, volume large, fluffy tasteless, activity is good, fertilizer efficiency is high, accelerate the breeding of soil beneficial microbe with movable, remove harmful substance in soil, recover soil vitality before 100 years, supplement plant and the necessary nutriment of human body, the remarkable efficacy that plant is appeared life again, fast-developing organic farming is of great immediate significance, at present extensive use in the precision agriculture of the south east asia such as Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, organic farming.
3 select the reason of " organic calcium powder "
3.1 calcium are important nutritive elements of plant and needed by human.Plant calcium deficiency physiological disease is many, and fruit quality is poor; Human body calcium deficiency osteoporosis, physique is poor.At present, the general calcium deficiency of National People's Congress.Why calcium deficiency? because the food that we eat the inside calcium deficiency.Food the inside calcium deficiency, illustrates crops calcium deficiency; Crops calcium deficiency, illustrates soil the inside calcium deficiency.These problem definition 2 points: the one, after the calcium of soil the inside is absorbed consumption by high-yield crop, people do not go to supplement, and the 2nd, the calcium crops adding in soil is difficult to absorb.Therefore, organic calcium powder emphasis as a supplement, both can improve quality of agricultural product, reduce physiological disease, and can produce again organic high calcium nutritious food for body-care needs, can also form characteristic brand.
3.2 current " calcium powders " or " soil conditioner " are on the market processed to form after generally grinding with raw oyster shell.This calcium powder, fertilizer efficiency is poor, and crop is difficult to absorb.And " organic calcium powder " of seminar's development is the organic high calcium fertilizer forming after the slaking of burning berkelium, organic calcium content is up to 32%, after being manured into soil, not only in 5 hours, CaO concentration can reach 87-98%, and can supplement rapidly in soil for many years trace element in a large amount of extremely lack 13 kinds of consuming, to improving soil aggregate, decompose and absorb the soil organic matter, harmful substance in fast decoupled soil, improve fruit yield and inside and outside quality and there is remarkable result, solve inorganic calcium in current production, in nitrate of lime inferior and raw oyster shell, micronutrient levels is low, the difficult problem absorbing of fruit tree after being manured into soil, the indispensable fertilizer of producing organic high calcium nutritious food.
" two conditioning technology " is by the design of the organic products level of production, but before soil, plant corpus do not adjust, " two conditioning technology " used on one side, also must take corresponding match technology means on one side, otherwise, affect current apple production and quality.
Before the soil organic matter does not reach the standard of producing organic products, in order to ensure output, must use high-quality chemical fertilizer by the principle of surveying soil formula, Tree Precise Fertilization.General adopt " four good fertilization methods ", the autumn is executed formula fertilizer, before spending, chases after urea, and flower bud differentiation period chases after two ammoniums, and fruit expanding period chases after potassium sulfate, as described in above-mentioned " 1, before soil, tree body are not nursed one's health in ".If dislike the trouble of topdressing often, before spending, chase after urea, can be at disposable 3～5 jin of formula fertilizers or 2 jin of two ammoniums, 2 jin of the potassium sulfates of imposing of flower bud differentiation period.
In using the husband of Taiwan agricultural university, organic calcium powder, the use high-quality farmyard manure fermenting that becomes thoroughly decomposed completely, forbids to use all organic manure without becoming thoroughly decomposed in a large number.Will be enriching high-quality decomposed manure, improve soil organic matter content, culture fertility and grab as long-term Strategic Measure.Do not have the peasant household of farmyard manure first to join to execute the finished product fertilizer of reliable in quality to ensure technique effect, then utilize the vacant time to carry out for a long time to search, amass, make compost and green manuring, build natural pond stock keeping activity.If think little of this work, produce organic food and just do not know where to begin.
In soil, tree before body do not adjust, control measures are done pruning, flower and fruit thinning, bagging well and are drawn the work such as branch, the extermination of disease and insect pest routinely.As above-mentioned " 1, soil, tree body do not nurse one's health before in " as described in.
Innovation point
1 " two conditioning technology " is to lack for the soil organic matter existing in current agricultural production, physicochemical character worsens, the necessary material famine that plant corpus itself is intrinsic, root system development is bad, plant corpus is weak, disease-resistant anti-disaster ability is poor, fruit appearance quality is poor, yield poorly and shakiness, Development of Organic Foods fertilizer and Plant Protection are difficult to that the key issues such as solution develop, it has caught the profound contradiction and problems that exists in current agricultural production and the defect of technology management level, and, these profound contradiction and problems are that current urgent need solves and crop needs.
2 " two conditioning technologies " are developed according to plant self-sow law of development, the large equilibrium principle of plant growth five and allelopathy principle.Principle, theoretical system and the supporting product of this technology are state-of-the-art, and domestic technical merit does not also reach this level at present.
3 " two conditioning technologies " have adhered to the principle of " good medicine good recipe matches ", have changed the problem that the past has good recipe not have good medicine, good recipe good medicine not to match, and have ensured technique effect.
4 " two conditioning technologies " have been adhered to the principle of comprehensively regulating, and the defect of having avoided single product or single measure to bring, can ensure mass peasants' increasing both production and income, agricultural sustainable development.
5 " two conditioning technologies " have been followed the conditioning principle of " seven is main, seven combinations ", and this principle is unique in current agricultural technology field.
Popularizing application prospect
Experiment and demonstration result over 3 years shows, " two conditioning technology " is that during current domestic agriculture organic products is produced, principle is most advanced, system is the most perfect, code is the clearest and the most definite, measure is the most concrete, the leading technology of most pronounced effects, and it can solve the profound contradiction and problems existing in current production.Applying of this technology, to make current level of agricultural production rise to rapidly green luxury food or organic products is produced this new step, increase substantially agriculture production benefit, strengthen the international competitiveness of agricultural product, be of great immediate significance to building up a powerful nation and make the people rich.
Claims (4)
1. an organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method, it is characterized in that, comprise to apple fruit tree acrial part carry out ground regulate and underground is nursed one's health, be specifically divided into 1) soil, tree body do not nurse one's health before and 2) soil, tree body adjust latter two stage that enters organic high calcium apple production;
1) before soil, tree body are not nursed one's health, the detailed process that apple fruit tree acrial part is carried out regulating on the ground and underground being nursed one's health is:
Before rudiment in early spring: full garden sprays 5 degree lime sulfurs, clear garden sterilizing;
Titbit separation period, budding before: spray Germany green 800 times of liquid+75% orthenes of 800 times of liquid+20% Peracetic acid of the 6 grams/acre+Taiwan husband of agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating or 600 times of liquid of 1.5% matrine of protecting, every tree imposes 1～2 jin, urea;
After fallen flowers 7～10 days: spray green 3000 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid+lucky stars of 3 grams/acre+organic calcium or the Difenoconazole+Du Pont of protecting of Germany and easily protect 600 times of 800 times of liquid or 800 times of large raw M45+75% orthenes or 1.5% matrines;
Before fruit bagging: spray green 1000 times of liquid+Du Ponts of 3～6 grams/acre+organic calcium that protect of Germany and easily protect the large raw M45+ Bayer Bitterfeld GmbHs of 800 times of liquid or 800 times and make every effort to overcome well or 600 times of liquid of fine bacterium azoles+Avermectin+1.5% matrine or 1000 times of liquid of 75% orthene+humic acid liquid fertilizer;
Flower bud differentiation period after fruit bagging: spray 800 times of liquid+800 times 80% mancozeb+Difenoconazoles of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating or 600 times of liquid of fine bacterium azoles+Avermectin+1.5% matrine or 75% orthene, every tree imposes 2～3 jin of diammonium phosphate;
Fruit expanding period: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 3～6 grams/acre+organic potassic fertilizer solution that protect of Germany, every tree imposes 2～3 jin of potassium sulfates;
Autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: every tree is executed 5～10 jin of 5～7 jin of 3～5 jin+potassium sulfate of 3～5 jin+organic calcium powder of 50～100 jin+Taiwan of the high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure husband of agricultural university soil reduction process element formula fertilizers or every tree organic fertilizers;
2) after soil, tree body adjust and enter organic high calcium apple production, the detailed process that apple fruit tree acrial part is carried out regulating on the ground and underground being nursed one's health is:
Before rudiment in early spring: full garden sprays 5 degree lime sulfurs, clear garden sterilizing;
Titbit separation period, budding before: spray Germany the green 600 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of 800 times of liquid+20% Peracetic acid of the 6 grams/acre+Taiwan husband of agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating that protect;
After fallen flowers 7～10 days: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of 3 grams/acre+organic calcium that protect of Germany;
Before fruit bagging: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 1000 times of liquid+1.5% matrines of 1000 times of liquid+humic acid water-soluble fertilizers of 6 grams/acre+organic calcium that protect of Germany;
Flower bud differentiation period after fruit bagging: spray 1000 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid+humic acid water-soluble fertilizers of the husband of Taiwan agricultural university organic nutrient solution for cultivating;
Fruit expanding period: spray the green 600 times of liquid of 3～6 grams/acre+organic potassic fertilizer solution that protect of Germany.
Autumn basal dressing after fruit harvesting: every tree is executed 15～20 jin of 5～7 jin of 3～5 jin+organic calcium powders of 150～200 jin+Taiwan of the well-rotted farmyard manure husband of agricultural university soil reduction process element or every tree organic fertilizers.
2. organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described 1) in, for weak tree, stunted tree, yellow tree, leaflet tree, mosaic tree, disaster-stricken tree and root rot is serious, root system development is bad fruit tree: in autumn basal dressing or spring basal dressing, every tree is executed 3～5 jin of organic calcium powders again, is then watered 30～50 jin of filling roots with 1～3 gram of green protecting of Germany; In fruit tree growth season in spring, on every tree, spray again 8000～10000 times of Germany green protecting+800 times husband of Taiwan agricultural university aqueous organopolysiloxane, interval once connects and sprays twice for 15 days.
3. organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described 1), in, in autumn when basal dressing after fruit harvesting, the proportioning that every tree is executed high-quality well-rotted farmyard manure, the husband of Taiwan agricultural university soil reduction process element and organic calcium powder is 6: 8: 16 or 17: 10: 8.
4. organic high-calcium nutrient apple Two-way tune method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises and utilizes trap band, trapping lamp or insect-sticking plate pest control.
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