CN104130064A - Red-soil-region peanut continuous-cropping obstacle reducing special fertilizer, preparation method and usage method - Google Patents
Red-soil-region peanut continuous-cropping obstacle reducing special fertilizer, preparation method and usage method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red-soil-region peanut continuous-cropping obstacle reducing special fertilizer, a preparation method and a usage method. The special fertilizer is composed of, in percent by weight, 10-30% of decomposed dry bird excrement, 10-30% of humic acid, 10-20% of urea, 20-40% of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, 10-15% of potassium chloride, 0.5-2% of borax, 0.5-2% of zinc sulfate, 0.01-0.05% of ammonium molybdate, 0.005-0.02% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.001-0.01% of sodium alpha-naphthyl acetate, 0.01-0.05% of hymexazol, and 0.01-0.05% of diazinon. The special fertilizer is applied red-soil-region field on which peanut is continuously cropped for three or more years with the usage amount of 2000-2500 Kg/hm<2>, the usage method comprises that the fertilizer is completely basally applied for one time, or the fertilizer is applied for two times according to the base-fertilizer topdressing-fertilizer weight ratio of 2:1, the base fertilizer is applied in furrows before peanut is sowed or is spread over the whole field when ploughing is performed, topdressing is combined with intertillage weeding, and fertilization and earthing up are performed. The special fertilizer is verified to be capable of increasing peanut output by 15-25% compared with a conventional fertilizer by applying the special fertilizer to a large field on which peanut is continuously cropped for 10 years or more at 2012 and 2013, and the application method is simple, reasonable, and high in operability, and exhibits technical progress.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting technical field of fertilizers, relate in particular to a kind of khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle and subdue special fertilizer and preparation method and usage.
Background technology
Continuous cropping obstacle refers to that same crop or nearly edge crop are continuously after plantation, even the in the situation that of normal management, also can produce that yield reducation, product qualitative change are bad, the phenomenon of bearing status variation.
Red soil is the important soil type of China, is distributed in the vast In The Low Mountain-hill Region of middle subtropical zone between 25 °～31 ° of north latitude more, and the total area reaches 5,690 ten thousand hm
2soil property taking plate, thin, sour, glue as principal character, peanut is as the important nonirrigated farmland oil crops in this district, cultivated area is large, producing region is relatively concentrated, a lot of places have formed traditional advantage peanut cultivation industry, cause peanut extensive contiguous plant for many years, and some continuous cropping time has exceeded 30 years.But peanut continues that continuous cropping causes that soil bacteria and fungi and diversity reduce, the increase of mould quantity, soil enzyme activities reduce, soil nutrient is out of proportion and poisonous allelochemical accumulates the continuous cropping obstacle causing.Continuous cropping continuous cropping peanut disease and pest occurs serious, mainly contain peanut aphid, prodenia litura and cutworm in the insect pest of Upland Red Soil, disease is taking stem rot, bacterial wilt, leaf spot, rust, southern blight as main diseases kind, continuous cropping also causes that peanut individual growth is grown slowly, plant is short and small, root system development is poor, number of results is few, all kinds of fruits are heavily low, production declining etc., and increases the weight of with the prolongation above-mentioned symptom of the continuous cropping time limit.Characteristic of acid red soil plot experiment shows, 3 years peanut yields of continuous cropping decline respectively 8.3%, 13.1% and 17.4% than crop rotation 1 year, crop rotation 2 years, 3 years peanut yields of crop rotation; Land for growing field crops investigation shows that above long-term continuous cropping meeting in 10 years causes that root width dwindles 1/3～1/4, black root, rotten 5%～20%; Short 12～the 25cm of middle and later periods plant height; Effectively branch reduces 51.1%, and the invalid branch in the continuous cropping height of 21 years joint position reaches 53%; The total fruit of the individual plant number of continuous cropping 10 years and 21 years reduces respectively 15.4 and 26.0, and its output is respectively than the continuous cropping minimizing of 3 years 28.9% and 51.2%.
At present, have to the patent relevant with peanut continuous cropping obstacle special fertilizer from published patent consulting:
Chinese patent application publication number: CN1374278, denomination of invention is: anti-continuous cropping multicompentnt granular fertilizer specially for peanut.Application (patent right) people: the Nanyang City, Henan Province institute of agricultural sciences, this special fertilizer is nitrogenous 5%, phosphorus 8%, potassium 12%, silicon 10%, calcium 15%, and appropriate boron, molybdenum, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese, sow, the element such as sulphur, chlorine, and add appropriate flyash and macromolecular complex thing.Solved this special fertilizer to a certain extent physiological disease that peanut continuous cropping continuous cropping causes and pathology disease cause the significantly underproduction and the problem that can not plant of peanut.But do not relate to the control of the most serious disease and pest of harm in peanut continuous cropping.
Chinese patent application publication number: CN1224704, denomination of invention is: multifunctional biological special peanut fertilizer and manufacture method thereof.Application (patent right) people: Inst. of Soil & Fertilizer, Shandong Prov. Academy of Agricultural Sciences, this invention is made up of the microbial preparation part of preparing separately, composite fertilizer's part, weedicide and sterilant part, strengthen the ratio of middle trace element, then be evenly mixed and made into Chemical Mixed Fertilizer, this special fertilizer can solve the generation that peanut nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, reduce root nematode and weeds to a certain extent.
Chinese patent application publication number: CN101717315, denomination of invention is: special peanut organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of a kind of biologically preventing and treating root knot nematode disease and preparation method thereof.Application (patent right) people: Shandong wide Fei Ye company limited, the actinomycetes that prevent and treat groundnut root knot nematode disease are carried out liquid fermenting by this invention, mix again with taking Klinit dregs as the organism of main raw material fermentation maturity, and be equipped with inorganic fertilizer according to the nutrient demand of peanut and make.This composite fertilizer, to preventing and treating groundnut root knot nematode disease, fertilizing soil, improves peanut yield tool and has certain effect.
Chinese patent application publication number: CN101857511, denomination of invention is: a kind of peanut pesticidal special fertilizer and production method thereof.Application (patent right) people: Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Anhui Prov. Agriculture Science Academy, this special fertilizer is made plant insecticide with scarp, substitutes or the alternative long-acting chemical insecticide slowly-releasing of the high-efficiency low-toxicity Volaton of part.The weight percent of its formula material component is: scarp 15～20%, slowly-releasing Volaton 1.0～1.5%, nitrogenous fertilizer 20～50%, phosphate fertilizer 13～18%, calcium superphosphate 9～16%, potash fertilizer 15～20%, borax 0.5～1.0%.This peanut pesticidal special fertilizer has low toxicity, field insecticidal effect better and the effect that improves output.
In above special fertilizer, all only relate to alleviate some aspect of peanut continuous cropping obstacle, and be mainly to improve peanut yield by balanced nutrient and the approach that alleviates disease and pest, but, due to the difference of peanut cultivation region and soil type, kind, the soil physico-chemical property of the insect pest of peanut main diseases are different, the requirement of the fertile rule of suction of peanut, nutrient proportioning, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control emphasis and the soil improvement of special fertilizer is all different, do not there is the specific aim to khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle, on market, there is not yet the sale of peanut continuous cropping obstacle special fertilizer.Therefore, for khoai peanut continuous cropping feature, research and develop and a kind ofly can meet the demand that the peanut growth cycle increases various nutritive elements, it is very necessary that the peanut continuous cropping obstacle that is applicable to khoai that fertilising, diseases prevention, desinsection, soil improvement and enhancing peanut resistance synchronously can be carried out is again subdued special fertilizer, to improving this district's peanut yield, the Sustainable development that promotes peanut industry has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the principal element of khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle, join trace element in executing, adding, Resistant material, allelopathic with organic and inorganic fertilizer and subdue special fertilizer from poisonous substance matter degradation agents and the composite a kind of Upland Red Soil peanut continuous cropping obstacle of plant auxins material, the growth potential that it can effectively strengthen Peanut continuous cropping, reduce the disease and pest incidence of Peanut continuous cropping, improve the resistance of peanut and increase output, can also improve the ability of soil and enhancing soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping simultaneously.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention is subdued special fertilizer, and its raw material comprises the macroelement in inorganic fertilizer, middle trace element, the poultry dung in fertilizer, humic acid, plant-growth regulator, sterilant and sterilant; The weight percent that its each component accounts for khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle special fertilizer is: dry brid guano 10-30% becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 10-30%, urea 10-20%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 20-40%, Repone K 10-15%, borax 0.5-2%, zinc sulfate 0.5-2%, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05%, compound nitrophenol is received 0.005-0.02%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.001-0.01%, dislikes mould clever 0.01-0.05%, diazinon 0.01-0.05%.
Preferred: the weight percent of described special fertilizer is composed as follows: dry brid guano 20% becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 20%, urea 15.92%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30%, Repone K 12%, borax 1.0%, zinc sulfate 1.0%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%, compound nitrophenol receives 0.01%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.005%, dislike mould clever 0.025%, diazinon 0.02%.
Preparing khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention, to subdue the concrete steps of method of special fertilizer as follows:
(1) first take various raw materials by proportioning;
(2) poultry dung fermenting is mixed with humic acid material, and in pulverizer, to be ground into particle diameter be 100 object particles;
(3) poultry dung after pulverizing is received with urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, compound nitrophenol with humic acid particle, α-naphthaleneacidsodium mixes, and stir;
(4) raw material after stirring evenly is dropped into granulation in tablets press;
(5) by the particle drying of producing in tablets press, cooling, screening;
(6) fertiliser granulates by diazinon and after disliking mould spirit and sieving mixes, with the bag packaging warehouse-in containing plastics film.
The using method that khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention is subdued special fertilizer is as follows: special fertilizer of the present invention in the continuous cropping of khoai peanut more than 3 years fields use, consumption is 2000-2500kg/hm
2, usage is that disposable whole base is executed or by base manure: the weight fraction of topdress=2:1 is used for 2 times, base manure, in peanut ditch spread or spread fertilizer over the fields at the Shi Quantian that turns over prior to seeding, topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, fertilising ridging.Preferred: consumption is 2250kg/hm
2.
The effect of the each component of special fertilizer of the present invention to continuous cropping red soil and peanut growth:
(1) effect of urea
Urea can provide growth required nitrogen for peanut, is the main source of peanut growth nitrogenous fertilizer in early stage, uses urea and can promote peanut protein and chlorophyllous formation, increases leaf area, promotes the assimilation of carbon, improves peanut yield and improves quality.
(2) effect of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate is a kind of multi-element fertilizer, respectively containing P
2o
514-12%, CaO25-30%, SiO
240%, MgO5%, its aqueous solution is alkalescence, can improve soil property and be acid red soil.Wherein, phosphoric can accelerate cell fission, impels Peanut Root System and overground part to accelerate growth; Magnesium forms favourable to peanut chlorophyll, can improve peanut photosynthesis; Silicon can promote the growth of peanut fiber tissue, improves the ability of disease and insect resistance; Calcium can be eliminated some organic acid in peanut body, reduces the murder by poisoning that organic acid produces plant materials, and can promote the absorption of peanut to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, increases resistance, prevents and treats disease, improves quality.
(3) effect of Repone K
Repone K can provide growth required potassium element for peanut, is the main source of potash fertilizer, and potassium element can improve the photosynthetic intensity of peanut, promotes starch and sugared formation in peanut body, strengthens resistance and resistance against diseases, improves crop absorbing nitrogen.
(4) effect of humic acids:
Humic acids contains various active functional group, can stimulate the physiological metabolism of peanut, enhancing development; Improve the absorption of peanut to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element; Promote the formation of soil aggregate, regulate soil pH value, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, promote the activity of soil microorganisms; Meanwhile, fungi is had to restraining effect, can strengthen the disease resistance of peanut, change cell membrane permeability, promote the absorption of inorganic nutrients, prevent canker, root rot, reduce disease and pest, and can alleviate peanut by the murder by poisoning of other medicines.
(5) fermentation brid guano
Fermentation brid guano is containing higher organic matter, and the organic matter that long-term application can increase soil, improves soil physical and chemical property, improves the validity of soil nutrient, strengthens the ability of soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, fertilizer, and red soil is had to good improving effect.
(6) effect of borax:
Boron participates in transport and the conversion of carbohydrate in farming object, promotes the synthetic of protein, regulates moisture absorption and nutrient balance and redox processes, is the necessary nutrient that blossoms and bears fruit.The effective boron content of red soil is low, executes boron and can significantly improve peanut fruiting rate, and make full grains.
(7) effect of zinc sulfate:
Zinc is glutamate dehydrogenase, necessary component and the activator of ethanol dehydrogenase, and zinc fertilizer can improve peanut seed output and kernel weight, improves winter resistance and drought resistance.
(8) effect of ammonium molybdate:
Molybdenum is the component of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, scarce molybdenum can affect the synthetic of nodule nitrogen fixation and protein, and the physiological function outstanding behaviours of molybdenum, aspect the metabolism of nitrogen, is executed molybdenum and can improve the nitrogen fixing capacity of peanut, impel synthetic protein, improve peanut yield and quality.
(9) effect that compound nitrophenol is received
Sodium nitrophenolate can promote the protoplasma of cell to flow, and improves cell viability, can accelerate the rooting rate of peanut, enhancing development, prevents fruit drop, improves product quality, improve output, improve disease-resistant, pest-resistant, the drought resisting of peanut, the anti-adversity ability such as waterlogging-resistant, resistant to lodging.
(10) effect of α-naphthaleneacidsodium
α-naphthaleneacidsodium can promote peanut seed root of hair, promote division and the expansion of cell, promote the differentiation of bud and bud, accelerate chlorophyllous synthesizing, impel Fruit, prevent fruit drop, change the ratio of male and female flowering, promote plant root leafiness, improve output, improve quality, strengthen drought resisting, the anti-adversity ability such as cold-resistant, disease-resistant.
(11) dislike the effect of mould spirit
Dislike sterilant, soil disinfectant that mould spirit is a kind of new and effective low toxic and environment-friendly, be again a plant growth regulators simultaneously, and continuous cropping continuous cropping obstacle is had to special efficacy.Dislike mould spirit and there is interior absorption and conductivity, can directly be absorbed by plant root, and rapidly mobile in plant materials; In soil, can improve drug effect, and the lasting period is long, uses in two weeks and still have fungicidal activity.Its mechanism of action uniqueness, efficient, micro-poison, nuisanceless, can effectively suppress the mycelial normal growth of pathogenic fungi or direct killing pathogenic bacteria.The pathogenic bacterias such as soil fungi, sickle-like bacteria, root shell bacterium, rhizoctonia, pythium spp, the rotten bacterium of seedling, photovoltaicing leather bacteria are had to significant prevention effect, to blight, damping-off, verticillium, samping off, banded sclerotial blight, seedling rot, sclerotium disease, epidemic disease, dry rot, black spot, sclerotium soft rot, seedling blight, stem wilt, leaf blight, macerate root, continuous cropping continuous cropping obstacle has special efficacy, and has that the crop root of promotion grows, strong plantlets and rootage improves the effect of surviving rate.
(12) effect of diazinon
Through prudent selection, having selected has special efficacy to peanut soil pest, the diazine phosphorus pesticide of low toxicity, low residue, diazinon have tag, stomach toxicity, stifling and systemic action, compared with the leading kind phorate of processing soil treatment agent, Furadan, 3911, the contour poison of aldicarb, high residue organophosphorus pesticide, effect is more desirable, is the specifics of peanut soil pest control.
Positively effect of the present invention is as follows:
The formula innovation of product of the present invention is mainly reflected in: in product except containing the needed nitrogen of peanut normal growth, phosphorus, potassium and trace element, also contain fermentation brid guano, humic acids, insecticidal bactericide and plant-growth regulator, there is the nutritional needs of balanced peanut, improvement soil, strengthen peanut resistance, promote Peanut Root System growth, improve peanut yield, sustainable use red soil, alleviate effect of peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
The present invention is directed to red soil plate, thin, sour, sticky soil property, join and execute by fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, can reach with supporting combination, the effect that improves red soil continuous production power
The present invention is directed to the barrier factors of khoai peanut continuous cropping, by balance nutrient utilization, block that disease worm is infected and the medicine fertilizer that improves peanut self resistance is taken into account, reach the effect that alleviates peanut continuous cropping obstacle, saving of work and time, high-yield and high-efficiency.
(1) for the nutrient obstruction factor of regulation of fertilizer requirement, red soil fertilizer characteristic and the continuous cropping of peanut, multiple components by macroelement and middle trace element is carried out science preparation, can balanced provide peanut at required nutritive element in different periods, coordinate nutrition absorption;
(2) brid guano of chemical fertilizer and fermentation and humic acid fertilizer coordinate and have that emergency is helped mutually, maximized favourable factors and minimized unfavourable ones, supplementary effect mutually, can promote peanut absorbing nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus potassium, extend nutrient service time and improve fertilizer efficiency, reasonably use continuously, also can activating soil nutrient, increase soil fertility, strengthen simultaneously peanut drought resisting, cold-resistant, support diseases and insect pests resistance.
(3) plant-growth regulator adding can strengthen driving source in peanut, activate enzymic activity in peanut body, improve peanut chlorophyll content, impel Peanut Root System growth, promote the absorption to peanut nutrient, coordinating growing of peanut, greatly improve drought resisting and the anti-adversity ability of peanut, is one of innovative point of this special fertilizer;
(4) composite insecticidal bactericide has special efficacy to the control of the disease and pest in the continuous cropping of khoai peanut, and low toxicity and low residue, can ensure people, animal safety, good with Environmental compatibility, and the market that is easy to get is approved, is another innovation of this project.
Khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle of the present invention is subdued special fertilizer, within 2 years, reach more than 10 years field planting checkings in peanut continuous cropping through 2012-2013, use the more conventional fertilizer of special fertilizer of the present invention and can increase peanut yield 15～25%, application process is simple, reasonable simultaneously, action row is strong, shows technical progress.
Embodiment
The following examples are to describe in further detail of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The weight percent composition of 1.1 special fertilizers of the present invention:
The dry brid guano 10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 30%, urea 10%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 40%, Repone K 7.375%, borax 2%, zinc sulfate 0.5%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%, compound nitrophenol receives 0.005%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.01%, dislike mould clever 0.01%, diazinon 0.05%.
The preparation method of 1.2 special fertilizers of the present invention:
(1) first take various raw materials by proportioning;
(2) poultry dung fermenting is mixed with humic acid material, and in pulverizer, to be ground into particle diameter be 100 object particles;
(3) poultry dung after pulverizing is received with urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, compound nitrophenol with humic acid particle, α-naphthaleneacidsodium mixes, and stir;
(4) raw material after stirring evenly is dropped into granulation in tablets press;
(5) by the particle drying of producing in tablets press, cooling, screening;
(6) fertiliser granulates by diazinon and after disliking mould spirit and sieving mixes, with the bag packaging warehouse-in containing plastics film.
Embodiment 2
The weight percent composition of 2.1 special fertilizers of the present invention:
The dry brid guano 30% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 10%, urea 20%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 22.409%, Repone K 15%, borax 0.5%, zinc sulfate 2%, ammonium molybdate 0.01%, compound nitrophenol receives 0.02%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.001%, dislike mould clever 0.05%, diazinon 0.01%.
The preparation method of 2.2 special fertilizers of the present invention:
With 1.2 of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
The weight percent composition of 3.1 special fertilizers of the present invention:
The dry brid guano 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 20%, urea 15.92%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30%, Repone K 12%, borax 1.0%, zinc sulfate 1.0%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%, compound nitrophenol receives 0.01%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.005%, dislike mould clever 0.025%, diazinon 0.02%.
The preparation method of 3.2 special fertilizers of the present invention:
With 1.2 of embodiment 1.
Application example
Within 2012,2013 continuous 2 years, carried out at Upland Red Soil the compliance test result test that peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued special fertilizer, wherein within 2012, in Nanchang County of Jiangxi Province, 2013 in Jinxian County, and result is as follows:
1 test design
2 processing are established in test, are respectively 1. peanut continuous cropping obstacle and subdue fertilizer (prepared by embodiment 3); 2. conventional fertilizer application (CK).3 repetitions, community area 60m are established in each processing in 2012
2, within 2013 and 2014, do not establish repetition, community area is 600m
2.Peanut seeding distance between rows and hills is 40cm × 15cm, every cave two seeds, and peanut varieties is spent No. 1 for Jiangxi for 2102, and 2013 and 2014 is Yueyou 256.Fertilization mode 2012 is ditch spread, after ploughing with plough trench digging, ditch depth 15-20cm, applying fertilizer in ditch, then earthing rakes, limes marginis sowing; 2013 spread fertilizer over the fields for full field, turn over and execute down by Fertilizer combination.Concrete fertilizing method is as table 1.
Table 1 peanut fertilising scheme
Note: apply base manure while 1, raking the soil level; Stem applies and topdresses before growing to 3-5 true leaf, acupuncture treatment.
2, test results and analysis
2.1 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut seedling rate and strain rate
Table 2 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact (2013 year) of special fertilizer on peanut yield
Two kinds of fertilising schemes of table 2 affect result and can find out peanut seedling rate and strain rate, with conventional fertilizer application comparison, special fertilizer can significantly improve seedling rate and the strain rate of peanut, wherein, seedling rate improves 7.78 percentage points, increasing degree is 9.21%, and strain rate improves 7.77 percentage points, and increasing degree is 11.85%.
2.2 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut ground and underground part increment
Table 3 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact (2012 year) of special fertilizer on peanut underground and aboveground portion increment
The result of table 3 can find out peanut continuous cropping obstacle subdue special fertilizer compared with conventional fertilizer application can significantly increase flower each breeding time root amount and cauline leaf amount, improve underground and ratio over-ground part, illustrate that this special fertilizer has good promoter action to root growth, and can promote the growth of overground part.
2.3 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on three leaf chlorophyll contents (SPAD value) on peanut
Table 4 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact (2012 year) of special fertilizer on three leaf chlorophyll contents on peanut
Table 4 result shows, peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the SPAD value of the upper three leaf blades of increase peanut seedling stage, flowering period and ripening stage that special fertilizer can be in various degree compared with conventional fertilizer application, and the difference of each respective leaves position all reaches conspicuous level, illustrate that this special fertilizer can effectively increase peanut leaf chlorophyll content, improve Nitrogen Absorption.
2.4 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut disease and pest
Table 5 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact (2012,2013 year) of special fertilizer on peanut disease and pest
From the disease and pest of table 5 peanut, a situation arises can find, peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued special fertilizer and is compared, the diseased plant rate of its bacterial wilt and stem rot all significantly reduced in whole breeding time, the range of decrease of diseased plant rate is all 40～50%, the disease index of leaf spot is 4.77 and 18.35 percentage points of full-bloom stage and the reductions respectively between fruiting period, and prodenia litura reduces by 0.67/m
2, the larva of grub reduces 50%, illustrates that special fertilizer has good control effect to peanut disease and pest, particularly more remarkable to the inhibition of soil-borne disease insect pest.
2.5 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut nodule growth
Table 6 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact (2012) of special fertilizer peanut nodule growth
Peanut nodule has self nitrogen fixing capacity, and can to find out that peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued special fertilizer and can significantly increase the individual plant root nodule number of peanut, individual plant root nodule heavy and improve the size of single root nodule on the result that affects of root nodule for table 6 special fertilizer.Illustrate that this special fertilizer all has good promoter action to the Nodule Growth in peanut each period, be conducive to peanut and improve the ability of self fixed nitrogen.
2.6 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut economic characters
Table 7 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut economic characters
Subdue special fertilizer affecting result and can find out peanut economic characters from table 7 peanut continuous cropping obstacle, heavy and the kernel percent of the per plant number of special fertilizer, setting percentage, 100-grain weight, hundred benevolence is at all height of contrast of 2012 and 2,013 two years, two annuals increase by 19.64% compared with conventional fertilizer application, 6.90%, 1.90%, 24.35%, 5.66% and 3.22%, illustrate that the fecundity of special fertilizer to peanut and the substantial plumpness of sub-benevolence have good promoter action, are conducive to improve the commodity rate of peanut.
2.7 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut yield
Table 8 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued the impact of special fertilizer on peanut yield
The yield result of table 8 can find out, special fatly all have increase in various degree compared with conventional fertilizer application in 2012 and 2,013 two years, wherein, within 2012, increases 600kg/hm
2, increasing degree is 24.32%, and difference reaches utmost point conspicuous level, and two annuals increase 542.7kg/hm compared with the output of conventional fertilizer application
2, amount of increase in production is 15.53%.Illustrate that this peanut continuous cropping obstacle subdues special fertilizer and can effectively improve peanut yield.
The performance analysis that 2.8 peanut continuous cropping obstacles are subdued special fertilizer
The Economic and Efficiency Analysis that table 9 peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued special fertilizer
Note: 7.5 yuan/kg of peanut market price, 0.8 yuan/kg of fermentation brid guano, 3.4 yuan/kg of 0.6 yuan/kg of humic acid urea, 4.5 yuan/kg of Repone K, 0.6 yuan/kg of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 3.5 yuan/kg of borax, 126.5 yuan/kg of ammonium molybdate, 4.0 yuan/kg of zinc sulfate, 7.0 yuan/kg of sodium nitrophenolate, 150 yuan/kg of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, dislikes mould clever 1000 yuan/kg, 15 yuan/kg of diazinon.
Table 9 compares from the angle of economic benefit, result show, the fertilizers input of this special fertilizer contrast increase by 893.74 yuan/hm
2, but also improved output and the net earnings of 2012 and 2,013 two, and deduction cost finally shows as and increases income compared with conventional fertilizer application, and two annuals increase income 3176.47 yuan/hm
2increasing degree reaches 13.7%.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, amendment, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle is subdued a special fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the weight percent of described special fertilizer is composed as follows: the dry brid guano 10-30% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 10-30%, urea 10-20%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 20-40%, Repone K 10-15%, borax 0.5-2%, zinc sulfate 0.5-2%, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05%, compound nitrophenol is received 0.005-0.02%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.001-0.01%, dislike mould clever 0.01-0.05%, diazinon 0.01-0.05%.
2. khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1 is subdued special fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the weight percent of described special fertilizer is composed as follows: the dry brid guano 20% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, humic acids 20%, urea 15.92%, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30%, Repone K 12%, borax 1.0%, zinc sulfate 1.0%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%, compound nitrophenol receives 0.01%, α-naphthaleneacidsodium 0.005%, dislike mould clever 0.025%, diazinon 0.02%.
3. prepare the method that khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is subdued special fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described method are as follows:
(1) first take various raw materials by proportioning;
(2) poultry dung fermenting is mixed with humic acid material, and in pulverizer, to be ground into particle diameter be 100 object particles;
(3) poultry dung after pulverizing is received with urea, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K, borax, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, compound nitrophenol with humic acid particle, α-naphthaleneacidsodium mixes, and stir;
(4) raw material after stirring evenly is dropped into granulation in tablets press;
(5) by the particle drying of producing in tablets press, cooling, screening;
(6) fertiliser granulates by diazinon and after disliking mould spirit and sieving mixes, with the bag packaging warehouse-in containing plastics film.
4. the using method that khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is subdued special fertilizer, is characterized in that: special fertilizer of the present invention in the continuous cropping of khoai peanut more than 3 years fields use, consumption is 2000-2500kg/hm
2, usage is that disposable whole base is executed or by base manure: the weight fraction of topdress=2:1 is used for 2 times, base manure, in peanut ditch spread or spread fertilizer over the fields at the Shi Quantian that turns over prior to seeding, topdresses in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, fertilising ridging.
5. the using method that khoai peanut continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 4 is subdued special fertilizer, is characterized in that: consumption is 2250kg/hm
2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106116929A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 宾阳县水灵灵种养协会 | A kind of Radix Dauci Sativae special medicated fertilizer |
| CN109287642A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | One cultivates peanut antibacterial insect prevention seed coat agent |
| CN109937816A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-28 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN110092691A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-06 | 云南谷力果力农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Radix Notoginseng special fertilizer for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN110122021A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-16 | 金正生物化工有限公司 | One cultivate peanut continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method |
| CN111704908A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Seed coating agent for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle and preparation method thereof |
| CN114436692A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-06 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Full-effect fertilizer special for red soil dry land peanuts as well as preparation method and application method thereof |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106116929A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-16 | 宾阳县水灵灵种养协会 | A kind of Radix Dauci Sativae special medicated fertilizer |
| CN109287642A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-01 | 山东省花生研究所 | One cultivates peanut antibacterial insect prevention seed coat agent |
| CN109937816A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-06-28 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN110122021A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-16 | 金正生物化工有限公司 | One cultivate peanut continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method |
| CN110092691A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-06 | 云南谷力果力农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Radix Notoginseng special fertilizer for preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN111704908A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Seed coating agent for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle and preparation method thereof |
| CN111704908B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-05-18 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Seed coating agent for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle and preparation method thereof |
| CN114436692A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-05-06 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Full-effect fertilizer special for red soil dry land peanuts as well as preparation method and application method thereof |
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| CN104130064B (en) | 2016-03-16 |
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