CN109937816A - A kind of cultural method overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle comprising following steps, 1 digs fermentation ditch in original 2 cultivation row middles；2 fill fermentation material, fermentation material in fermentation ditch are as follows: not decomposed live chickens excrement and wheat straw or straw are mixed according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, then add calcium phosphate 10-12kg/m according to mixed total volume3, urea 1.5-2kg/m3, then spray water, ferment；Asparagus seedling bed where asparagus wait be colonized field planting field is poured 10% difenoconazole wettable powder by 3, is then colonized asparagus rice shoot；1 allelochemical inhibitor is respectively applied when 2-3d and 8-10d after 4 field planting；After 5 field planting, discovery pours bacillus subtilis and difenoconazole wettable powder when having Asparagus Plants wilting.The problem of plant strain growth is suppressed after the present invention solves continuous cropping present in traditional cultivation method, and disease aggravation, yield reduces, quality decline.
Description
Technical field
Technical solution of the present invention belongs to field of vegetable, specifically, it, which is related to one kind, overcomes open country asparagus continuous cropping
The cultural method of obstacle.
Background technique
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) also known as asparagus are a kind of high-grade and rare vegetables, are praised
For " kings of vegetables ".Asparagus is perennial plant, primary to plant, and can continuously harvest 8-10.The unsuitable continuous cropping of asparagus, after continuous cropping
Soil degradation is caused, disease aggravation, plant strain growth is suppressed, and yield reduces, quality decline, this has become limitation Asparagus Industry hair
One of bottleneck of exhibition.Research at present about asparagus continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control product and technology is less, after kind is ruined in asparagus field, Bu Nengzai
Asparagus is planted, other crops can only be planted, it is desirable to plant asparagus again and be only capable of replacement field.Therefore to overcoming asparagus continuous cropping obstacle
Cultural method research it is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural methods for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle, for solving traditional cultivation
The problems such as plant strain growth is suppressed after continuous cropping present in method, and disease aggravation, yield reduces, quality decline.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that it includes the following steps,
(1) dig fermentation ditch: preceding stubble asparagus is chosen to be field planting field after ruining kind, crosses in original 2 cultivation row middles, is with the line
Central axis digs fermentation ditch；
(2) fermentation material, the fermentation material are as follows: not decomposed live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation: are filled in the fermentation ditch that step (1) obtains
Live chickens excrement and wheat straw or straw are mixed according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, then add calcium phosphate 10- according to mixed total volume
12kg/m3, urea 1.5-2kg/m3；
Fermentation material mix well after in its surface spraying fermentation liquid, the amount of spray is the 2L/m according to fermentation material total volume3Sprinkling,
The fermentation broth contents are lactic acid bacteria 100-150g, saccharomycete 250-300g, brown sugar 200-250g and water 2L；Later toward fermentation
It sprays water on object, makes fermentation material water content 50-55%；Finally after the plastic covering film on ditch that ferments, closed 30-40d, raise
Film dries 3-5d, is filled and led up fermentation ditch with soil, 45-50cm is ploughed deeply in field planting field entirely later, is ploughed deeply 2-3 times, is leveled land；
(3) rice shoot sterilizes: 3-4d before being colonized, and the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus wait be colonized field planting field is poured 10% phenylate
It applies for methyl cyclic-azole wettable powder 1 time, mu dosage 50-60g, Sui Shuichong, irrigates seedbed；Then label scribing line in step (1)
Place is colonized the asparagus rice shoot on the asparagus seedling bed；
(4) 1 allelochemical inhibitor is respectively applied when 2-3d and 8-10d after being colonized；
The allelochemical inhibitor includes following components: sodium ascorbate 1-1.5g/L, salicylic acid 5-8g/L, acetazolamide
0.5-0.8g/L, sodium citrate 1-1.5g/L, sodium glutamate 4-5g/L, to nitre sodium phenate 2-2.5g/L, amino acid chelated calcium 10-
14g/L, Glimepiride 0.3-0.5g/L, each method of administration are that above-mentioned allelochemical inhibitor is watered to 40-50 times of dilution
Pouring root afterwards, every plant of filling 200-300ml.
Further, after field planting, when discovery has Asparagus Plants wilting, by wilting Asparagus Plants rhizosphere ground surface soil in 12h
Layer pushs 4-5cm aside, pours 300-400 times of liquid of viable count >=20,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis and 10% difenoconazole wettable
1000 times of liquid mixed liquors of pulvis, it is 200ml that every plant is poured total amount every time.
Further, in step (1), the ditch depth 20-25cm, wide 40-45cm of the ditch that ferments.
Further, it is characterised in that in step (1), preceding stubble asparagus is chosen to be field planting field after ruining kind, digs before fermentation ditch first
The plant residue of soil surface is thoroughly removed, earth's surface sprays 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, and 30- is ploughed deeply in full field
35cm is picked up except residual asparagus root system.
Further, in step (2), filling fermentation material is carried out when daily minimal tcmperature is greater than 15 DEG C in fermentation ditch.
Further, the depth of filling fermentation material is 10-15cm in step (2) fermentation ditch.
Further, the asparagus rice shoot being colonized in step (3) uses 10 × 10cm feeding block seedlings raising, seedling age 70-80d, often
Regulate reason.
Further, it is cultivated after field planting according to conventional cultivation management method.
Further, in step (4), the allelochemical inhibitor the preparation method comprises the following steps: an press following weight
Weigh each component respectively, 1-1.5 parts of sodium citrate, to 2-2.5 parts of nitre sodium phenate, 0.3-0.5 parts of Glimepiride and acetazolamide
0.5-0.8 parts, 10-14 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 5-8 parts of salicylic acid, 4-5 parts of sodium glutamate and 1-1.5 parts of sodium ascorbate；
Two, acetazolamide described in 5 parts by weight ammonia solvents, it is rear to be made into A liquid with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water；
Respectively with 50 parts by weight water dissolve the sodium citrate, it is described to nitre sodium phenate, the Glimepiride, the salicylic acid and
The sodium glutamate is uniformly mixed is made into B liquid later；
The sodium ascorbate is dissolved with the ethyl alcohol of 5 parts by weight, it is rear to be made into C liquid with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water；
Three, merge the A liquid, the B liquid and the C liquid in step step 2, add water to be settled to 1000 parts by weight, gained is molten
Liquid is allelochemical inhibitor finished product.
Further, in step (1), the asparagus field where the preceding stubble asparagus is the asparagus field of continuous plantation 5-10.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
, mainly there are two aspects in the reason of asparagus generation continuous cropping obstacle at present, first is that continuous cropping soil microbiologic population changes, draws
The pathogen for playing soil-borne disease is gradually increased with the growth of planting years, and plant is caused to fall ill；Second, asparagus root system and soil
In pathogenic microorganism can secrete allelochemical, plant strain growth always.Therefore, overcome asparagus continuous cropping obstacle must be from killing soil
Pathogen and two aspect of elimination root system allelochemical are started with simultaneously.Wherein on the one hand or a certain link it and studies at present only from
Hand can not fundamentally solve asparagus continuous cropping obstacle, and kill soil surface characters in method and measure at present and generally use agriculture
Medicine fungicide increases soil pollution risk.The present invention breaks through research bottleneck simultaneously in terms of two, especially by live chickens excrement
In-situ fermentation mode, the heating functioin during the not decomposed live chickens manure fermentation of utilization kill the pathogen in soil, reach both rotten
Ripe chicken manure, and the double action to soil sterilization disinfection, reduce Pesticide use；It is slow using novel allelochemical inhibitor simultaneously
The secretion harm of stubble asparagus before solving, the two combination will solve to generate the root of continuous cropping obstacle, substantially increase planting survival rates,
It reduces and even avoids disease incidence.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
With asparagus kind " champion " for material, studied in Hebei Prov. Academy of Agricultural &. Forest Sciences industrial crops
Tested field is implemented, and continuous cropping asparagus cultivation method of the present invention is discussed in detail:
(1) it soil treatment: (1) digs fermentation ditch: ruining preceding stubble Asparagus Plants after kind thoroughly removing, before this on May 4th, 2014
Stubble asparagus is chosen to be field planting field after ruining kind, crosses in original 2 cultivation row middles, and by the wire tag, centered on the line
Axis digs fermentation ditch, the ditch depth 23cm, wide 42cm of the ditch that ferments；It is colonized within stubble asparagus 2006 before the plot, continuously plants 8 years.
In the present embodiment, in step (1), preceding stubble asparagus is chosen to be field planting field after ruining kind, first thoroughly removes soil surface before digging fermentation ditch
Plant residue, earth's surface sprays 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, and 30-35cm is ploughed deeply in full field, picks up except residual asparagus
Root system.
(2) live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation: on May 15th, 2014 fills the hair of 12cm depth in the fermentation ditch that step (1) obtains
Ferment object, the fermentation material are as follows: mix not decomposed live chickens excrement and wheat straw according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, wherein wheat straw can be with
It is replaced with straw, then adds calcium phosphate, urea.The calcium phosphate, urea are mixed according to live chickens excrement and wheat straw or straw
The additive amount of total volume is calcium phosphate 11kg/m3, urea 1.8kg/m3.In its surface spraying after above-mentioned fermentation material is mixed well
Fermentation liquid, the amount of spray are according to fermentation material total volume 2L/m3Sprinkling, the fermentation broth contents and ratio be lactic acid bacteria 120g,
Saccharomycete 270g, brown sugar 220g, water 2L, in use, above-mentioned lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and brown sugar are weighed in proportion and mixed
After even, to fermentation material surface spraying after being diluted with water；Later toward spraying water on fermentation material, makes fermentation material water content 50%, finally exist
Plastic covering film on fermentation ditch, June 20 (after 35d) in 2014 raise film, dry 3d, are filled and led up fermentation ditch with soil.It
45cm is ploughed deeply in field planting field entirely afterwards, is ploughed deeply 2 times, is leveled land.In the present embodiment, filling fermentation material is in daily minimal tcmperature in fermentation ditch
It is carried out when greater than 15 DEG C.
(3) rice shoot sterilizes: on June 25th, 2014 (3d before being colonized), by the asparagus where the asparagus wait be colonized customization field
Seedling bed pours 10% difenoconazole wettable powder 1 time, mu dosage 50g, that is, with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder
500 times of liquid of agent pour, and Sui Shuichong is applied, and irrigate seedbed；Asparagus rice shoot is colonized at the label scribing line of June 28 in step (1)；
Manage after field planting and field planting: July 1 and 3d and 10d after 11(in July field planting) respectively apply 1 allelopathic again respectively after (4) are colonized
Substance inhibitor；
The allelochemical inhibitor includes component: sodium ascorbate 1.3g/L, salicylic acid 6g/L, acetazolamide 0.7g/
L, sodium citrate 1.1g/L, sodium glutamate 4.5g/L, to nitre sodium phenate 2.3g/L, amino acid chelated calcium 12g/L, Glimepiride
0.35/L, each method of administration are that above-mentioned allelochemical inhibitor is watered to pouring root after 40 times of dilution, every plant of filling 300ml.
Further illustrate: the allelochemical inhibitor the preparation method comprises the following steps: in step (4), the allelochemical
Inhibitor the preparation method comprises the following steps: an weighs each component by following weight respectively, 1.1 parts of sodium citrate, to nitre sodium phenate
2.3 parts, 0.35 part of Glimepiride and 0.7 part of acetazolamide, 12 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 6 parts of salicylic acid, 4.5 parts of sodium glutamate
With 1.3 parts of sodium ascorbate；
Two, acetazolamide described in 5 parts by weight ammonia solvents, it is rear to be made into A liquid, the quality of the ammonium hydroxide with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water
Score is 25%；
Respectively with 50 parts by weight water dissolve the sodium citrate, it is described to nitre sodium phenate, the Glimepiride, the salicylic acid and
The sodium glutamate is uniformly mixed is made into B liquid later；
The sodium ascorbate is dissolved with the ethyl alcohol of 5 parts by weight, it is rear to be made into C liquid, the matter of the ethyl alcohol with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water
Measuring score is 99.8%；
Three, merge the A liquid, the B liquid and the C liquid in step 2, add water to be settled to 1000 parts by weight, acquired solution is
For allelochemical inhibitor finished product.
In step (1), the asparagus field where the preceding stubble asparagus is the asparagus field of continuous plantation 5-10.
Continuous cropping asparagus allelopathic suppression harmful bacteria mainly has coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and different arabitol etc..Sodium citrate and to nitre benzene
Both phenol sodium synergistic effect, can not only neutralize part allelochemical, and can further promote being metabolized certainly for allelochemical,
And then substantially reduce the content of allelochemical.The addition of Glimepiride and acetazolamide further promotes glucide in soil
And the relatively low allelochemical of Ester equal size from being metabolized.Four kinds of components cooperate, with utmostly reduction
Feel the content of substance, weakens allelochemical to the inhibiting effect of plant growth, thus the problem of alleviating asparagus continuous cropping obstacle.
Amino acid chelated calcium is important plant signaling transduction substance, on the one hand aforementioned citric acid can be promoted by being added
Sodium more preferably promotees metabolic effects to the performance of nitre sodium phenate, Glimepiride and acetazolamide, on the other hand, can improve reed
While the malicious resistance certainly of bamboo shoot, conditioning plant strain growth enhances its resistance.Thereby, it is possible to further alleviate asparagus continuous cropping
The problem of obstacle.
Salicylic acid, sodium glutamate and sodium ascorbate be combined with each other, and induction asparagus generates resistance, so that asparagus is in lower
Under allelochemical content, the defense mechanism for resisting pathogenic microorganism infringement is further generated, and then promote the growth and development of asparagus,
The problem of further alleviating asparagus continuous cropping obstacle.
Further, after field planting, if it find that when having Asparagus Plants wilting, in 12h by wilting Asparagus Plants rhizosphere
Topsoil pushs 5cm aside, pours 400 times of liquid of viable count >=20,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis and 10% difenoconazole wettable powder
1000 times of liquid mixed liquors of agent, it is 200ml that every plant is poured total amount every time.
It is cultivated after field planting according to conventional cultivation management method.
Further, nursery: the asparagus rice shoot being colonized in step (3) uses 10*10cm feeding block seedlings raising, seedling age 70-
80d.Asparagus rice shoot in the present embodiment is on April 10th, 2014, and simple grain point after asparagus seeds vernalization is cast to diameter 10*10cm
In nutritive cube, Routine Management, 75 days Shi Dingzhi of seedling age.
It investigates on August 20th, 2014, planting survival rates 98.5%, plant strain growth index (∑ plant height * stem thickness) is 34.5,
Annual production 487kg in 2015.With compared with the conventional cultivation management of plot, planting survival rates improve 61.2%, and growth index mentions
It is high 52.7%, output increased 127.5%.This technology disease incidence is 1.5% and the present embodiment is simultaneously according to Routine Management
The disease incidence 37.5% of growing and cultivation.
Embodiment 2
Soil treatment: (1) digging fermentation ditch: preceding stubble Asparagus Plants being ruined after kind thoroughly removing, and selectes after which is ruined kind
It to be colonized field, crosses in original 2 cultivation row middles, and the label that will relocate, digs fermentation ditch, fermentation by center axis of the line
The ditch depth 20cm, wide 45cm of ditch.
(2) live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation: the fermentation material of filling 10cm depth, the fermentation in the fermentation ditch that step (1) obtains
Object are as follows: mix not decomposed live chickens excrement and straw according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, wherein straw can be replaced with wheat straw, so
Calcium phosphate, urea are added afterwards.The calcium phosphate, urea are according to live chickens excrement and straw or the additive amount of the mixed total volume of wheat straw
For calcium phosphate 10kg/m3, urea 2kg/m3.In its surface spraying fermentation liquid after above-mentioned fermentation material is mixed well, the amount of spray is
It is sprayed according to the 2L/m3 of fermentation material total volume, the fermentation broth contents and ratio are lactic acid bacteria 150g, saccharomycete 250g, brown sugar
200g, water 2L, in use, above-mentioned lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and brown sugar are weighed in proportion and after mixing, after being diluted with water
To fermentation material surface spraying；Later toward spraying water on fermentation material, make fermentation material water content 55%；Finally modeling is covered on fermentation ditch
Expect film；Film is raised after 30d, dries 5d, is filled and led up fermentation ditch with soil.50cm is ploughed deeply in full field later, is ploughed deeply 2 times, smooth soil
Ground；Filling fermentation material is carried out when daily minimal tcmperature is greater than 15 DEG C in fermentation ditch.
(3) 4d before being colonized, the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus wait be colonized field planting field is poured 10% difenoconazole can
Wet powder 1 time, mu dosage 60g, that is, poured with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, Sui Shuichong is applied, is poured
Saturating seedbed；；Then asparagus rice shoot is colonized at label scribing line in step (1)；
(4) it is managed after being colonized and be colonized: respectively applying 1 allelochemical inhibitor after field planting when 2d and 8d；
The allelochemical inhibitor includes component: sodium ascorbate 1g/L, salicylic acid 8g/L, acetazolamide 0.5g/L,
Sodium citrate 1g/L, sodium glutamate 5g/L, to nitre sodium phenate 2.5g/L, amino acid chelated calcium 10g/L, Glimepiride 0.5g/L,
Each method of administration is that above-mentioned allelochemical inhibitor is watered to pouring root after 50 times of dilution, every plant of filling 260ml；
In step (4), the allelochemical inhibitor the preparation method comprises the following steps: an weighs each group by following weight respectively
Point, 1 part of sodium citrate, to 2.5 parts of nitre sodium phenate, 0.5 part of Glimepiride and 0.5 part of acetazolamide, 10 parts of amino acid chelated calcium,
8 parts of salicylic acid, 5 parts of sodium glutamate and 1 part of sodium ascorbate；
Two, acetazolamide described in 5 parts by weight ammonia solvents, it is rear to be made into A liquid with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water；The quality of the ammonium hydroxide
Score is 25%；
Respectively with 50 parts by weight water dissolve the sodium citrate, it is described to nitre sodium phenate, the Glimepiride, the salicylic acid and
The sodium glutamate is uniformly mixed is made into B liquid later；
The sodium ascorbate is dissolved with the ethyl alcohol of 5 parts by weight, it is rear to be made into C liquid, the matter of the ethyl alcohol with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water
Measuring score is 99.8%；
Three, merge the A liquid, the B liquid and the C liquid in step 2, add water to be settled to 1000 parts by weight, acquired solution is
For allelochemical inhibitor finished product.
In step (1), the asparagus field where the preceding stubble asparagus is the asparagus field of continuous plantation 5-10.
Further, after field planting, when discovery has Asparagus Plants wilting, by wilting Asparagus Plants rhizosphere ground surface soil in 12h
Layer pushs 4cm aside, pours 300 times of liquid of viable count >=20,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis and 10% difenoconazole wettable powder
1000 times of liquid mixed liquors, it is 200ml that every plant is poured total amount every time.
It is cultivated after field planting according to conventional cultivation management method.
Further, nursery: the asparagus rice shoot being colonized in step (3) uses 10*10cm feeding block seedlings raising, seedling age 70-
80d.Asparagus rice shoot in the present embodiment is to cast to simple grain point after asparagus seeds vernalization in diameter 10*10cm nutritive cube, conventional
Management, 80 days Shi Dingzhi of seedling age.
By statistics, planting survival rates 95.3%, plant strain growth index (∑ plant height * stem thickness) is 32.7, the annual production
475kg.With compared with the conventional cultivation management of plot, planting survival rates improve 60.7%, and growth index improves 50.9%, output increased
125.5%.This technology disease incidence is 1.8% and the present embodiment occurs with batch according to the disease of Routine Management growing and cultivation
Rate 36.7%.
Embodiment 3
Soil treatment: (1) digging fermentation ditch: preceding stubble Asparagus Plants being ruined after kind thoroughly removing, and selectes after which is ruined kind
It to be colonized field, crosses in original 2 cultivation row middles, and the label that will relocate, digs fermentation ditch, fermentation by center axis of the line
The ditch depth 25cm, wide 40cm of ditch.
(2) live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation: the fermentation material of filling 15cm depth, the fermentation in the fermentation ditch that step (1) obtains
Object are as follows: mix not decomposed live chickens excrement and wheat straw according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, wherein wheat straw can be replaced with straw, so
Calcium phosphate, urea are added afterwards.The calcium phosphate, urea are according to live chickens excrement and wheat straw or the additive amount of the mixed total volume of straw
For calcium phosphate 12kg/m3, urea 1.5kg/m3.In its surface spraying fermentation liquid after above-mentioned fermentation material each component is mixed well
2L/m3, the fermentation broth contents and ratio are lactic acid bacteria 100g, saccharomycete 250g, brown sugar 250g, water 2L, in use, by above-mentioned
Lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and brown sugar weigh and after mixing in proportion, to fermentation material surface spraying after being diluted with water；It sends out later
It sprays water on ferment object, makes fermentation material water content 53%；The finally plastic covering film on fermentation ditch；Film is raised after 40d, is dried
4d is filled and led up fermentation ditch with soil.48cm is ploughed deeply in full field later, is ploughed deeply 3 times, is leveled land；The interior filling fermentation material of the ditch that ferments is 20
DEG C or more carry out.
(3) 4d before being colonized, the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus wait be colonized customization field is poured 10% difenoconazole can
Wet powder 1 time, mu dosage 55g, that is, poured with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, 550 times of liquid, Sui Shuichong is applied, is poured
Saturating seedbed；Asparagus rice shoot is colonized at label scribing line in step (1)；
It is managed after field planting and field planting: respectively applying 1 allelochemical inhibitor when 3d and 9d after (4) field planting；
The allelochemical inhibitor includes component: sodium ascorbate 1.5g/L, salicylic acid 5g/L, acetazolamide 0.8g/
L, sodium citrate 1.5g/L, sodium glutamate 4g/L, to nitre sodium phenate 2g/L, amino acid chelated calcium 14g/L, Glimepiride 0.3g/
L, each method of administration are that above-mentioned allelochemical inhibitor is watered to pouring root after 45 times of dilution, every plant of filling 200ml.
In step (4), the allelochemical inhibitor the preparation method comprises the following steps: an is weighed respectively by following weight
Each component, 1.5 parts of sodium citrate, to 2 parts of nitre sodium phenate, 0.3 part of Glimepiride and 0.8 part of acetazolamide, amino acid chelated calcium
14 parts, 5 parts of salicylic acid, 4 parts of sodium glutamate and 1.5 parts of sodium ascorbate；
Two, acetazolamide described in 5 parts by weight ammonia solvents, it is rear to be made into A liquid with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water；The quality of the ammonium hydroxide
Score is 25%；
Respectively with 50 parts by weight water dissolve the sodium citrate, it is described to nitre sodium phenate, the Glimepiride, the salicylic acid and
The sodium glutamate is uniformly mixed is made into B liquid later；
The sodium ascorbate is dissolved with the ethyl alcohol of 5 parts by weight, it is rear to be made into C liquid, the matter of the ethyl alcohol with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water
Measuring score is 99.8%；
Three, merge the A liquid, the B liquid and the C liquid in step 2, add water to be settled to 1000 parts by weight, acquired solution is
For allelochemical inhibitor finished product.
Further, in step (1), the asparagus field where the preceding stubble asparagus is the asparagus field of continuous plantation 5-10.
Further, after field planting, when discovery has Asparagus Plants wilting, by wilting Asparagus Plants rhizosphere ground surface soil in 12h
Layer pushs 4cm aside, pours 350 times of liquid of viable count >=20,000,000,000/g bacillus subtilis and 10% difenoconazole wettable powder
1000 times of liquid mixed liquors, it is 200ml that every plant is poured total amount every time.
It is cultivated after field planting according to conventional cultivation management method.
Further, nursery: the asparagus rice shoot being colonized in step (3) uses 10*10cm feeding block seedlings raising, seedling age 70-
80d.Asparagus rice shoot in the present embodiment casts to simple grain point after asparagus seeds vernalization in diameter 10*10cm nutritive cube, conventional tube
Reason, 70 days Shi Dingzhi of seedling age.
Into investigation test, planting survival rates 97.3% is crossed, plant strain growth index (∑ plant height * stem thickness) is 32.6,2015 complete
Annual output 468kg.With compared with the conventional cultivation management of plot, planting survival rates improve 60.4%, and growth index improves 51.1%, produce
Amount improves 125.4%.This technology disease incidence is 2.2% and the present embodiment is simultaneously according to the disease of Routine Management growing and cultivation
Incidence 38.6%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 the difference from embodiment 1 is that: in step (2), by 1%-2% Chicken dung and stalk, according to volume ratio 7:
3 ratio mixing, then adds calcium phosphate, urea and zymocyte liquid.Remaining is same as Example 1.Into investigation test is crossed, determine
Survival rate 70.5% is planted, plant strain growth index (∑ plant height * stem thickness) is 25.2, disease incidence 20.1%.Comparative example 1 survives
Rate and plant strain growth index are below embodiment 1, and disease disease incidence is significantly higher than embodiment 1.It can thus be seen that application is
Decomposed chicken manure is lower than live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation to the significant effect that continuous cropping asparagus grows.
The present invention to not decomposed live chickens excrement by in-situ fermentation, both can will non-decomposed manure it is sufficiently decomposed, kill
Germ and pest in fertilizer, and the heat that can be generated by fermentation, the soil surface characters in field planting row are killed.
A large amount of organic fertilizer is needed during asparagus cultivation, the only sufficiently decomposed organic fertilizer of application could play asparagus
Growth-promoting functions, therefore must be sufficiently decomposed by live chickens excrement before application.A large amount of heat can be generated in the decomposed fermentation process of chicken manure, from
And kill the germ in fertilizer and worm's ovum.The present invention specifies on the basis of pre-stage test and is sending out in live chickens excrement field in situ
The decomposed beneficial effect of ferment can play not only Chicken dung using live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation, kill the worm's ovum of germ in chicken manure, but also
Double action to soil sterilization disinfection.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 the difference from embodiment 1 is that allelochemical inhibitor in step (4) uses existing allelochemical,
It include phenylalanine 5%, o-tert-butylphenol 0.5%, 3,5- mesitylenic acid 0.5%, isoeugenol 0.5%, salicylic acid 2%,
Borax 0.5%, sodium molybdate 0.5%, zinc sulfate 2%, ferrous sulfate 2%, manganese sulfate 1%, ethyl alcohol 5%, water 70%, other steps and implementation
Example is identical.Into investigation test, planting survival rates 62.6% is crossed, plant strain growth index (∑ plant height * stem thickness) is 21.7, and disease occurs
Rate is 31.5%.Survival rate and plant strain growth index are below embodiment 1, and disease disease incidence is significantly higher than embodiment 1.
As can be seen that the present invention effectively can play suppression to the allelochemical in soil by the application of allelochemical inhibitor
Production is used, and does not have effective allelochemical inhibitor for asparagus continuous cropping soil at present.
Continuous cropping asparagus allelopathic suppression harmful bacteria mainly has coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and different arabitol etc., and the present invention is added to promotion
The sodium citrate of allelopathic suppression harmful bacteria metabolism and to nitre sodium phenate, while being added to induction of resistance substance salicylic acid and glutamic acid
Sodium and asparagus continuous cropping soil sugar-metabolism promotor Glimepiride, plant signaling transduction substance amino acid chelate calcium,
While Asparagus Plants are improved from malicious resistance, conditioning growth, enhancing resistance.
To sum up, the reason of asparagus generates continuous cropping obstacle at present mainly has two aspects, first is that continuous cropping soil micropopulation is shaved one's head
It is raw to change, cause the pathogen of soil-borne disease gradually to be increased with the growth of planting years, plant is caused to fall ill；Second, asparagus
Pathogenic microorganism in root system and soil can secrete allelochemical, always plant strain growth.Therefore, overcome asparagus continuous cropping obstacle necessary
Start with simultaneously in terms of killing soil surface characters and eliminating root system allelochemical two.And study at present only from wherein on the one hand or
A certain link is set about, and asparagus continuous cropping obstacle can not be fundamentally solved.The present invention breaks through research bottleneck simultaneously in terms of two,
It solves the root for generating continuous cropping obstacle, cooperates the kind of science simultaneously by killing soil surface characters and elimination root system allelochemical
Plant method, the positive nursing Asparagus Plants that i.e. processing is wilted in time after field planting, substantially increases planting survival rates, reduces even
Avoid disease incidence.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that: it includes the following steps,
(1) dig fermentation ditch: preceding stubble asparagus is chosen to be field planting field after ruining kind, crosses in original 2 cultivation row middles, is with the line
Central axis digs fermentation ditch；
(2) fermentation material, the fermentation material are as follows: not decomposed live chickens excrement in-situ fermentation: are filled in the fermentation ditch that step (1) obtains
Live chickens excrement and wheat straw or straw are mixed according to the ratio of volume ratio 7:3, then add calcium phosphate 10- according to mixed total volume
12kg/m3, urea 1.5-2kg/m3；
Fermentation material mix well after in its surface spraying fermentation liquid, the amount of spray is the 2L/m according to fermentation material total volume3Sprinkling,
The fermentation broth contents are lactic acid bacteria 100-150g, saccharomycete 250-300g, brown sugar 200-250g and water 2L；Later toward fermentation
It sprays water on object, makes fermentation material water content 50-55%；Finally after the plastic covering film on ditch that ferments, closed 30-40d, raise
Film dries 3-5d, is filled and led up fermentation ditch with soil, 45-50cm is ploughed deeply in field planting field entirely later, is ploughed deeply 2-3 times, is leveled land；
(3) rice shoot sterilizes: 3-4d before being colonized, and the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus wait be colonized field planting field is poured 10% phenylate
It applies for methyl cyclic-azole wettable powder 1 time, mu dosage 50-60g, Sui Shuichong, irrigates seedbed；Then label scribing line in step (1)
Place is colonized the asparagus rice shoot on the asparagus seedling bed；
(4) 1 allelochemical inhibitor is respectively applied when 2-3d and 8-10d after being colonized；
The allelochemical inhibitor includes following components: sodium ascorbate 1-1.5g/L, salicylic acid 5-8g/L, acetazolamide
0.5-0.8g/L, sodium citrate 1-1.5g/L, sodium glutamate 4-5g/L, to nitre sodium phenate 2-2.5g/L, amino acid chelated calcium 10-
14g/L, Glimepiride 0.3-0.5g/L, each method of administration are that above-mentioned allelochemical inhibitor is watered to 40-50 times of dilution
Pouring root afterwards, every plant of filling 200-300ml.
2. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(1) in, the ditch depth 20-25cm, wide 40-45cm of the ditch that ferments.
3. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: its feature
It is in step (1), preceding stubble asparagus is chosen to be field planting field after ruining kind, and the plant that soil surface is first thoroughly removed before digging fermentation ditch is residual
Body, earth's surface spray 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, and 30-35cm is ploughed deeply in full field, pick up except residual asparagus root system.
4. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(2) in, filling fermentation material is carried out when daily minimal tcmperature is greater than 15 DEG C in fermentation ditch.
5. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(2) depth of filling fermentation material is 10-15cm in fermentation ditch.
6. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(3) the asparagus rice shoot being colonized in uses 10 × 10cm feeding block seedlings raising, seedling age 70-80d, Routine Management.
7. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: field planting
It is cultivated afterwards according to conventional cultivation management method.
8. obtaining a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(4) in, the allelochemical inhibitor the preparation method comprises the following steps: an weighs each component, citric acid by following weight respectively
1-1.5 parts of sodium, to 2-2.5 parts of nitre sodium phenate, 0.3-0.5 parts of Glimepiride and 0.5-0.8 parts of acetazolamide, amino acid chelated calcium
10-14 parts, 5-8 parts of salicylic acid, 4-5 parts of sodium glutamate and 1-1.5 parts of sodium ascorbate；
Two, acetazolamide described in 5 parts by weight ammonia solvents, it is rear to be made into A liquid with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water；
Respectively with 50 parts by weight water dissolve the sodium citrate, it is described to nitre sodium phenate, the Glimepiride, the salicylic acid and
The sodium glutamate is uniformly mixed is made into B liquid later；
The sodium ascorbate is dissolved with the ethyl alcohol of 5 parts by weight, it is rear to be made into C liquid with the dilution of 50 parts by weight water；
Three, merge and the A liquid, the B liquid and the C liquid in step 2, and water is added to be settled to 1000 parts by weight, acquired solution
As allelochemical inhibitor finished product.
9. a kind of cultural method for overcoming open country asparagus continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(1) in, the asparagus field where the preceding stubble asparagus is the asparagus field of continuous plantation 5-10.
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