CN109937816B - Cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of outdoor asparagus - Google Patents
Cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of outdoor asparagus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of asparagus in open field, which comprises the following steps of 1 digging a fermentation ditch in the middle of the original 2 cultivation rows; 2, filling a fermentation product in the fermentation groove, wherein the fermentation product is as follows: mixing the unripe chicken manure and wheat straw or rice straw according to the volume ratio of 7: 3, then adding 10-12kg/m of calcium phosphate according to the total volume after mixing31.5-2kg/m of urea3Then spraying water and fermenting; 3, watering the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus to be fixedly planted in the field is located with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, and then fixedly planting the asparagus seedlings; 4 applying 1-time allelochemicals inhibitor at 2-3d and 8-10d after field planting; and 5, after field planting, watering the bacillus subtilis and the difenoconazole wettable powder when the asparagus plants are found to wilt. The invention solves the problems of inhibited plant growth, aggravated disease, reduced yield and reduced quality after continuous cropping in the traditional cultivation method.
Description
Technical Field
The technical scheme of the invention belongs to the field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of outdoor asparagus.
Background
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is also called Asparagus, is a high-grade and rare vegetable, and is known as "vegetable king". Asparagus is a perennial plant, and can be continuously harvested for 8-10 years after being planted once. Asparagus is not suitable for continuous cropping, land capability is reduced after continuous cropping, diseases are aggravated, plant growth is inhibited, yield is reduced, and quality is reduced, which becomes one of bottlenecks limiting the development of asparagus industry. At present, researches on asparagus continuous cropping obstacle prevention and control products and technologies are few, after asparagus seeds are damaged in an asparagus field, asparagus can not be planted, only other crops can be planted, and only field blocks can be replaced when asparagus is planted again. Therefore, the method is very necessary for researching the cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the asparagus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of outdoor asparagus, which is used for solving the problems of inhibited plant growth, aggravated diseases, reduced yield, reduced quality and the like of continuous cropping asparagus in the traditional cultivation method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is that it comprises the following steps,
(1) digging a fermentation ditch: selecting a field to be planted after the asparagus of the previous crop is damaged, marking lines in the middle of the original 2 cultivation rows, and digging fermentation ditches by taking the lines as central axes;
(2) in-situ fermentation of raw chicken manure: filling a fermentation product in the fermentation ditch obtained in the step (1), wherein the fermentation product is as follows: mixing the unripe chicken manure and wheat straw or rice straw according to the volume ratio of 7: 3, then adding 10-12kg/m of calcium phosphate according to the total volume after mixing31.5-2kg/m of urea3；
Spraying fermentation liquor on the surface of the fermented product after the fermented product is fully and uniformly mixed, wherein the spraying amount is 2L/m according to the total volume of the fermented product3Spraying, wherein the fermentation liquid comprises 100-150g of lactic acid bacteria, 250-300g of yeast, 200-250g of brown sugar and 2L of water; spraying water onto the fermented product to make the water content of the fermented product be 50-55%; finally, covering a plastic film on the fermentation ditch, sealing for 30-40 days, then opening the film, airing for 3-5 days, filling the fermentation ditch with soil, then deeply plowing the whole field planting field for 45-50cm, deeply plowing for 2-3 times, and leveling the land;
(3) seedling disinfection: 3-4 days before field planting, watering a seedling bed of the asparagus to be planted in the field to the field with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder for 1 time, wherein the dosage per mu is 50-60g, and the 10% difenoconazole wettable powder is applied along with water to thoroughly water the seedling bed; then planting asparagus seedlings on the asparagus seedling raising bed at the marked marking positions in the step (1);
(4) applying 1-time allelochemicals inhibitor at 2-3d and 8-10d after planting;
the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following components: 1-1.5g/L sodium ascorbate, 5-8g/L salicylic acid, 0.5-0.8g/L acetazolamide, 1-1.5g/L sodium citrate, 4-5g/L sodium glutamate, 2-2.5g/L sodium p-nitrophenolate, 10-14g/L amino acid chelated calcium and 0.3-0.5g/L glimepiride, wherein the application method for each time is to dilute the allelochemicals inhibitor by adding water by 40-50 times and then irrigate the roots, and each plant is irrigated with 300ml of 200-.
Further, after field planting, when the asparagus plants are found to be wilted, digging 4-5cm of rhizosphere surface soil layer of the wilted asparagus plants within 12h, irrigating a mixed solution of 400 times of bacillus subtilis 300 and 1000 times of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder with the number of live bacteria more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g, wherein the total irrigation amount of each plant is 200 ml.
Furthermore, in the step (1), the depth of the fermentation groove is 20-25cm, and the width is 40-45 cm.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the step (1), a field planting field is selected after the asparagus of the previous crop is damaged, plant residues on the surface of the soil are thoroughly removed before a fermentation ditch is dug, 500 times of solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed on the surface of the soil, the whole field is deeply ploughed by 30-35cm, and the root system of the residual asparagus is picked up.
Further, in the step (2), the filling of the fermentation tank with the fermentation material is carried out at a daily minimum temperature of more than 15 ℃.
Further, the depth of the fermentation material filled in the fermentation groove in the step (2) is 10-15 cm.
Further, the asparagus seedlings planted in the step (3) are cultivated in a 10 x 10cm nutrition pot, the seedling age is 70-80d, and the conventional management is carried out.
Further, cultivation is carried out according to a conventional cultivation management method after planting.
Further, in the step (4), the preparation method of the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following steps: weighing 1-1.5 parts of sodium citrate, 2-2.5 parts of sodium p-nitrophenolate, 0.3-0.5 part of glimepiride, 0.5-0.8 part of acetazolamide, 10-14 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 5-8 parts of salicylic acid, 4-5 parts of sodium glutamate and 1-1.5 parts of sodium ascorbate;
dissolving the acetazolamide by using 5 parts by weight of ammonia water, and diluting the solution by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare solution A;
dissolving the sodium citrate, the sodium p-nitrophenolate, the glimepiride, the salicylic acid and the sodium glutamate with 50 parts by weight of water respectively, and then mixing uniformly to prepare a solution B;
dissolving the sodium ascorbate by using 5 parts by weight of ethanol, and diluting by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare solution C;
and thirdly, combining the solution A, the solution B and the solution C in the second step, adding water to a constant volume of 1000 parts by weight, and obtaining a solution, namely a finished product of the allelochemical inhibitor.
Further, in the step (1), the asparagus field in which the previous asparagus is planted is an asparagus field which is continuously planted for 5-10 years.
The invention has the following positive effects:
at present, the asparagus has two main reasons for generating continuous cropping obstacles, namely, the microbial community of continuous cropping soil is changed, pathogenic bacteria causing soil-borne diseases are gradually increased along with the growth of the planting years, and the plant diseases are caused; secondly, pathogenic microorganisms in asparagus roots and soil can secrete allelochemicals, and plants grow all the time. Therefore, overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of asparagus must start from two aspects of killing soil pathogenic bacteria and eliminating root allelochemicals. However, the current research is only started from one aspect or a certain link, the continuous cropping obstacle of the asparagus cannot be fundamentally solved, and the current method measures for killing the soil pathogenic bacteria generally adopt pesticide bactericides, so that the risk of soil pollution is increased. The method breaks through the bottleneck of research from two aspects at the same time, and particularly kills pathogenic bacteria in the soil by utilizing the heating effect in the fermentation process of the unripe chicken manure through the in-situ fermentation mode of the raw chicken manure, so that the dual effects of rotting the chicken manure and sterilizing the soil are achieved, and the use of pesticides is reduced; meanwhile, the novel allelochemicals inhibitor is used for relieving the secretion harm of the asparagus of the previous crop, and the combination of the allelochemicals inhibitor and the allelochemicals inhibitor can solve the root cause of continuous cropping obstacle, greatly improve the survival rate of field planting, and reduce or even avoid the disease incidence.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Takes the asparagus variety champion as the material to research the economic crops of the academy of agriculture, forestry and science in Hebei province
The test field is implemented, and the continuous cropping asparagus cultivation method is introduced in detail as follows:
(1) soil treatment (1) digging a fermentation ditch: on 5/4/2014, thoroughly removing the damaged seeds of the asparagus plants in the previous crop, selecting the damaged seeds of the asparagus in the previous crop as field planting fields, marking lines in the middle of the original 2 cultivation rows, marking the lines, digging a fermentation ditch by taking the lines as a central axis, wherein the depth of the fermentation ditch is 23cm, and the width of the fermentation ditch is 42 cm; the asparagus of the previous crop in the land is planted in 2006, and the asparagus is planted continuously for 8 years. In the embodiment, in the step (1), the field planting is selected after the asparagus of the previous crop is damaged, plant residues on the surface of soil are thoroughly removed before digging a fermentation ditch, 500 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed on the surface of the soil, the whole field is deeply ploughed by 30-35cm, and the root system of the residual asparagus is removed.
(2) In-situ fermentation of raw chicken manure: and (2) filling 12cm deep fermentation products in the fermentation ditch obtained in the step (1) in 5-15 th month in 2014, wherein the fermentation products are as follows: mixing unripe chicken manure and wheat straw according to a volume ratio of 7: 3, wherein the wheat straw can be replaced by rice straw, and then adding calcium phosphate and urea. The addition amount of the calcium phosphate and the urea is 11kg/m of the calcium phosphate according to the total volume of the raw chicken manure mixed with the wheat straw or the rice straw31.8kg/m of urea3. Mixing the above fermented product, and spraying 2L/m of fermented product3Spraying, wherein the components and proportion of the fermentation liquid are 120g of lactic acid bacteria, 270g of saccharomycetes, 220g of brown sugar and 2L of water, and when the fermentation liquid is used, the lactic acid bacteria, the saccharomycetes and the brown sugar are weighed according to the proportion and are uniformly mixed, and the fermentation liquid is diluted by water and then sprayed on the surface of a fermentation product; spraying water onto the fermented product to make the water content of the fermented product be 50%, covering a plastic film on the fermentation ditch, opening the plastic film after 2014 for 6 months and 20 days (after 35 d), airing for 3d, and filling the fermentation ditch with soil. And then deeply ploughing the whole field planting field by 45cm for 2 times, and leveling the field. In this example, the fermentation is filled in the fermentation tank at a daily minimum temperature of more than 15 ℃.
(3) Seedling disinfection: in 2014, in 25 days (3 d before planting) in 6 months (25 days), the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus to be planted in the customized field is placed is irrigated with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder for 1 time, the dosage of each mu is 50g, namely the asparagus is irrigated with 500 times of liquid of the 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, and the water is applied along with water to irrigate the seedling bed thoroughly; 6, 28 days in the month, planting asparagus seedlings on the marked marking line in the step (1);
respectively applying 1 time allelochemical inhibitor for 7 months, 1 day and 11 months (3 d and 10d after planting) after planting;
the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following components: 1.3g/L of sodium ascorbate, 6g/L of salicylic acid, 0.7g/L of acetazolamide, 1.1g/L of sodium citrate, 4.5g/L of sodium glutamate, 2.3g/L of sodium p-nitrophenolate, 12g/L of amino acid chelated calcium and 0.35/L of glimepiride, wherein the application method of each time is that the allelochemicals inhibitor is diluted by 40 times with water and then irrigated into roots, and each plant is irrigated with 300 ml.
Further illustrated is: the preparation method of the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the preparation method of the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following steps: weighing 1.1 parts of sodium citrate, 2.3 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.35 part of glimepiride, 0.7 part of acetazolamide, 12 parts of amino acid chelated calcium, 6 parts of salicylic acid, 4.5 parts of sodium glutamate and 1.3 parts of sodium ascorbate;
dissolving the acetazolamide by using 5 parts by weight of ammonia water, and diluting the solution by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare solution A, wherein the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25%;
dissolving the sodium citrate, the sodium p-nitrophenolate, the glimepiride, the salicylic acid and the sodium glutamate with 50 parts by weight of water respectively, and then mixing uniformly to prepare a solution B;
dissolving the sodium ascorbate by using 5 parts by weight of ethanol, and diluting by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare a solution C, wherein the mass fraction of the ethanol is 99.8%;
and thirdly, combining the solution A, the solution B and the solution C in the second step, adding water to a constant volume of 1000 parts by weight, and obtaining a solution, namely a finished product of the allelochemicals inhibitor.
In the step (1), the asparagus field in which the previous-batch asparagus is located is an asparagus field which is continuously planted for 5-10 years.
The continuous cropping asparagus chemosensory autotoxic substances mainly comprise coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, iso-arabitol and the like. The sodium citrate and sodium nitrophenolate have synergistic effect, not only can neutralize partial allelochemicals, but also can further promote the self-metabolism of the allelochemicals, thereby greatly reducing the content of the allelochemicals. The addition of glimepiride and acetazolamide further promotes the self-metabolism of allelochemicals with relatively low contents of saccharides, esters and the like in soil. The four components are matched with each other to reduce the content of allelochemicals to the maximum extent and weaken the inhibition of the allelochemicals on the plant growth, thereby relieving the problem of asparagus continuous cropping obstacle.
The amino acid chelated calcium is an important plant signal transduction substance, and the addition of the amino acid chelated calcium can promote the sodium citrate, the sodium nitrophenolate, the glimepiride and the acetazolamide to play a better metabolism promoting effect on one hand, and can regulate the growth of plants and enhance the stress resistance of asparagus while improving the autotoxicity resistance of the asparagus on the other hand. Therefore, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of asparagus can be further alleviated.
Salicylic acid, sodium glutamate and sodium ascorbate are mutually combined to induce asparagus to generate stress resistance, so that the asparagus further generates a defense mechanism for resisting invasion of pathogenic microorganisms under the condition of lower allelochemicals content, thereby promoting the growth and development of the asparagus and further relieving the problem of asparagus continuous cropping obstacle.
Further, after field planting, if the wilting asparagus plants are found, digging 5cm of rhizosphere surface soil layer of the wilting asparagus plants within 12h, irrigating a mixed solution of 400 times of bacillus subtilis liquid and 1000 times of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, wherein the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g, and the total irrigation amount of each plant is 200 ml.
Cultivating according to a conventional cultivation management method after planting.
Further, seedling culture: and (4) seedling the asparagus seedlings planted in the step (3) by adopting a 10 x 10cm nutrition pot, wherein the seedling age is 70-80 d. The asparagus seedlings in the embodiment are 4 months and 10 days in 2014, after germination accelerating, the asparagus seeds are single-seed sowed into a nutrition pot with the diameter of 10 x 10cm, the conventional management is carried out, and the asparagus seedlings are fixedly planted when the seedlings are 75 days old.
On the investigation of 8 months and 20 days in 2014, the planting survival rate is 98.5%, the plant growth index (sigma plant height: stem thickness) is 34.5, and the annual yield is 487kg in 2015. Compared with the conventional cultivation management of the same plot, the planting survival rate is improved by 61.2%, the growth index is improved by 52.7%, and the yield is improved by 127.5%. The disease incidence rate of the technology is 1.5 percent, and the disease incidence rate of the planting and cultivation of the embodiment is 37.5 percent according to the conventional management.
Example 2
Soil treatment (1) digging a fermentation ditch: after the previous crop asparagus plants are thoroughly destroyed and seeds are removed, the field planting field is selected after the previous crop asparagus plants are destroyed and seeds are removed, the middle of the original 2 cultivation rows is marked, the line is changed and marked, and a fermentation ditch is dug by taking the line as a central axis, wherein the depth of the fermentation ditch is 20cm, and the width of the fermentation ditch is 45 cm.
(2) In-situ fermentation of raw chicken manure: filling fermented materials with the depth of 10cm in the fermentation groove obtained in the step (1), wherein the fermented materials are as follows: mixing unripe chicken manure and straws according to a volume ratio of 7: 3, wherein the straw can be replaced by wheat straw, and then adding calcium phosphate and urea. The addition amount of the calcium phosphate and the urea is 10kg/m according to the total volume of the raw chicken manure mixed with the rice straw or the wheat straw32kg/m of urea3. Fully and uniformly mixing the fermented product, spraying fermentation liquor on the surface of the fermented product, wherein the spraying amount is 2L/m3 of the total volume of the fermented product, the components and the proportion of the fermentation liquor are 150g of lactic acid bacteria, 250g of saccharomycetes, 200g of brown sugar and 2L of water, when in use, weighing the lactic acid bacteria, the saccharomycetes and the brown sugar according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, diluting with water and spraying on the surface of the fermented product; spraying water onto the fermented product to make the water content of the fermented product be 55%; finally, covering a plastic film on the fermentation groove; after 30 days, the film is opened, the film is aired for 5 days, and the fermentation ditch is filled with soil. Then deeply ploughing the whole field for 50cm and deeply ploughing for 2 times, and leveling the land; the fermentation is filled in the fermentation groove at the lowest daily temperature of more than 15 ℃.
(3) 4d before field planting, watering the asparagus seedling bed where the asparagus to be field-planted in the field is located with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder for 1 time, wherein the dosage per mu is 60g, namely watering with 600 times of solution of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, and watering to penetrate through the seedbed along with water; (ii) a Then planting asparagus seedlings on the marked marking line in the step (1);
(4) applying 1-time allelochemical inhibitor respectively 2d and 8d after planting and managing after planting;
the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following components: 1g/L sodium ascorbate, 8g/L salicylic acid, 0.5g/L acetazolamide, 1g/L sodium citrate, 5g/L sodium glutamate, 2.5g/L sodium nitrophenolate, 10g/L amino acid chelated calcium and 0.5g/L glimepiride, wherein the application method for each time is to dilute the allelochemicals inhibitor by adding water by 50 times and then irrigate the roots, and each plant is irrigated by 260 ml;
in the step (4), the preparation method of the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following steps: weighing 1 part of sodium citrate, 2.5 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5 part of glimepiride, 0.5 part of acetazolamide, 10 parts of calcium amino acid chelate, 8 parts of salicylic acid, 5 parts of sodium glutamate and 1 part of sodium ascorbate;
dissolving the acetazolamide by using 5 parts by weight of ammonia water, and diluting the solution by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare solution A; the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25%;
dissolving the sodium citrate, the sodium p-nitrophenolate, the glimepiride, the salicylic acid and the sodium glutamate with 50 parts by weight of water respectively, and then mixing uniformly to prepare a solution B;
dissolving the sodium ascorbate by using 5 parts by weight of ethanol, and diluting by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare a solution C, wherein the mass fraction of the ethanol is 99.8%;
and thirdly, combining the solution A, the solution B and the solution C in the second step, adding water to a constant volume of 1000 parts by weight, and obtaining a solution, namely a finished product of the allelochemicals inhibitor.
In the step (1), the asparagus field in which the previous-batch asparagus is located is an asparagus field which is continuously planted for 5-10 years.
Further, after field planting, when the asparagus plants are found to be wilted, digging 4cm of rhizosphere surface soil layer of the wilted asparagus plants within 12 hours, irrigating a mixed solution of 300 times of bacillus subtilis and 1000 times of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, wherein the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g, and the total irrigation amount of each plant is 200 ml.
Cultivating according to a conventional cultivation management method after planting.
Further, seedling culture: and (4) seedling the asparagus seedlings planted in the step (3) by adopting a 10 x 10cm nutrition pot, wherein the seedling age is 70-80 d. The asparagus seedlings in the embodiment are obtained by performing single-seed dibbling on asparagus seeds after germination acceleration to a nutrition pot with the diameter of 10 x 10cm, performing conventional management, and performing field planting when the seedlings are 80 days old.
Through statistics, the planting survival rate is 95.3%, the plant growth index (Sigma plant height. stem thickness) is 32.7, and the annual yield is 475 kg. Compared with the conventional cultivation management of the same plot, the planting survival rate is improved by 60.7%, the growth index is improved by 50.9%, and the yield is improved by 125.5%. The disease incidence rate of the technology is 1.8 percent, and is 36.7 percent compared with the disease incidence rate of the same batch of the technology in the conventional management planting and cultivation.
Example 3
Soil treatment (1) digging a fermentation ditch: after the previous crop asparagus plants are thoroughly destroyed and seeds are removed, the field planting field is selected after the previous crop asparagus plants are destroyed and seeds are removed, the middle of the original 2 cultivation rows is marked, the line is changed and marked, a fermentation ditch is dug by taking the line as a central axis, and the depth of the fermentation ditch is 25cm, and the width of the fermentation ditch is 40 cm.
(2) In-situ fermentation of raw chicken manure: filling 15 cm-deep fermentation products in the fermentation ditch obtained in the step (1), wherein the fermentation products are as follows: mixing unripe chicken manure and wheat straw according to a volume ratio of 7: 3, wherein the wheat straw can be replaced by rice straw, and then adding calcium phosphate and urea. The adding amount of the calcium phosphate and the urea according to the total volume after mixing the raw chicken manure and the wheat straw or the rice straw is 12kg/m3 of the calcium phosphate and 1.5kg/m3 of the urea. Fully and uniformly mixing all the components of the fermented product, and spraying 2L/m3 fermentation liquor on the surface of the fermented product, wherein the components and the proportion of the fermentation liquor are 100g of lactic acid bacteria, 250g of saccharomycetes, 250g of brown sugar and 2L of water; spraying water on the fermented product to make the water content of the fermented product be 53%; finally, covering a plastic film on the fermentation groove; after 40 days, the film is opened, the film is aired for 4 days, and the fermentation ditch is filled with soil. Then deeply ploughing the whole field for 48cm and deeply ploughing for 3 times, and leveling the land; the fermentation groove is filled with the fermentation material at a temperature of more than 20 ℃.
(3) 4d before field planting, watering a seedling bed of the asparagus to be planted in the customized field with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder for 1 time, wherein the dosage per mu is 55g, namely watering with 550 times of solution of the 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, and watering to penetrate through the seedling bed along with water; planting asparagus seedlings on the marked marking line in the step (1);
applying 1-time allelochemical inhibitor respectively 3d and 9d after planting;
the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following components: 1.5g/L sodium ascorbate, 5g/L salicylic acid, 0.8g/L acetazolamide, 1.5g/L sodium citrate, 4g/L sodium glutamate, 2g/L sodium p-nitrophenolate, 14g/L calcium amino acid chelate and 0.3g/L glimepiride, wherein the application method of each time is that the allelochemicals inhibitor is diluted by 45 times by adding water and then irrigated into roots, and each plant is irrigated with 200 ml.
In the step (4), the preparation method of the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following steps: weighing 1.5 parts of sodium citrate, 2 parts of sodium nitrophenolate, 0.3 part of glimepiride, 0.8 part of acetazolamide, 14 parts of calcium amino acid chelate, 5 parts of salicylic acid, 4 parts of sodium glutamate and 1.5 parts of sodium ascorbate;
dissolving the acetazolamide by using 5 parts by weight of ammonia water, and diluting the solution by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare solution A; the mass fraction of the ammonia water is 25%;
dissolving the sodium citrate, the sodium p-nitrophenolate, the glimepiride, the salicylic acid and the sodium glutamate with 50 parts by weight of water respectively, and then mixing uniformly to prepare a solution B;
dissolving the sodium ascorbate by using 5 parts by weight of ethanol, and diluting by using 50 parts by weight of water to prepare a solution C, wherein the mass fraction of the ethanol is 99.8%;
and thirdly, combining the solution A, the solution B and the solution C in the second step, adding water to a constant volume of 1000 parts by weight, and obtaining a solution, namely a finished product of the allelochemicals inhibitor.
Further, in the step (1), the asparagus field in which the previous asparagus is planted is an asparagus field which is continuously planted for 5-10 years.
Further, after field planting, when the asparagus plants are found to be wilted, digging 4cm of rhizosphere surface soil layer of the wilted asparagus plants within 12 hours, irrigating a mixed solution of 350 times of bacillus subtilis liquid and 1000 times of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder, wherein the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/g, and the total irrigation amount of each plant is 200 ml.
Cultivating according to a conventional cultivation management method after planting.
Further, seedling culture: and (4) seedling the asparagus seedlings planted in the step (3) by adopting a 10 x 10cm nutrition pot, wherein the seedling age is 70-80 d. In the asparagus seedling in the embodiment, after germination accelerating, asparagus seeds are dibbled to a nutrition pot with the diameter of 10 x 10cm in a single-seed manner, and the asparagus seedling is managed conventionally and planted when the seedling is 70 days old.
Through investigation and test, the planting survival rate is 97.3 percent, the plant growth index (Sigma plant height and stem thickness) is 32.6, and the annual output is 468kg in 2015. Compared with the conventional cultivation management of the same plot, the planting survival rate is improved by 60.4%, the growth index is improved by 51.1%, and the yield is improved by 125.4%. The disease incidence rate of the technology is 2.2 percent, and the disease incidence rate of the planting and cultivation according to the conventional management of the embodiment is 38.6 percent.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: in the step (2), 1-2% of decomposed chicken manure and straws are mixed according to the volume ratio of 7: 3, and then adding calcium phosphate, urea and zymocyte liquid. The rest is the same as in example 1. Through investigation and test, the planting survival rate is 70.5%, the plant growth index (Sigma plant height and stem thickness) is 25.2, and the disease incidence rate is 20.1%. The survival rate and the plant growth index of the comparative example 1 are lower than those of the example 1, and the disease incidence rate is obviously higher than that of the example 1. Therefore, the effect of applying the decomposed chicken manure on the growth of the continuous cropping asparagus is obviously lower than that of in-situ fermentation of raw chicken manure.
The method can fully decompose the non-decomposed organic fertilizer to kill germs and pests in the fertilizer and can kill soil pathogenic bacteria in the planting rows by the heat generated by fermentation through in-situ fermentation of the non-decomposed chicken manure.
A large amount of organic fertilizers are needed in the process of cultivating the asparagus, and the asparagus can be promoted only by applying the fully decomposed organic fertilizers, so that the chicken manure must be fully decomposed before application. A large amount of heat can be generated in the process of decomposing and fermenting the chicken manure, so that germs and worm eggs in the fertilizer can be killed. On the basis of the early-stage test, the beneficial effect of fermenting and decomposing the raw chicken manure in situ in the field is clarified, and the raw chicken manure in-situ fermentation can play the double roles of decomposing the chicken manure, killing worm eggs of germs in the chicken manure and sterilizing and disinfecting soil.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 1 is that the allelochemical inhibitor in the step (4) adopts the existing allelochemical, which comprises 5 percent of phenylalanine, 0.5 percent of o-tert-butylphenol, 0.5 percent of 3, 5-dimethylbenzoic acid, 0.5 percent of isoeugenol, 2 percent of salicylic acid, 0.5 percent of borax, 0.5 percent of sodium molybdate, 2 percent of zinc sulfate, 2 percent of ferrous sulfate, 1 percent of manganese sulfate, 5 percent of ethanol and 70 percent of water, and the other steps are the same as the examples. Through investigation and test, the planting survival rate is 62.6%, the plant growth index (Sigma plant height and stem thickness) is 21.7, and the disease incidence rate is 31.5%. The survival rate and the plant growth index are both lower than those of the example 1, and the disease incidence is obviously higher than that of the example 1.
The application of the allelochemicals inhibitor can effectively inhibit allelochemicals in soil, and no effective allelochemicals inhibitor is available for asparagus continuous cropping lands at present.
The continuous cropping asparagus chemosensory autotoxic substance mainly comprises coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, iso-arabitol and the like, and the invention adds sodium citrate and sodium nitrophenolate for promoting the metabolism of the chemosensory autotoxic substance, and also adds inductive resistant substances of salicylic acid and sodium glutamate, and a sugar substance metabolism promoter glimepiride of continuous cropping asparagus, and a plant signal transduction substance of amino acid chelated calcium, thereby improving the autotoxic resistance of asparagus plants, regulating growth and enhancing stress resistance.
In conclusion, the current reasons for the asparagus to generate the continuous cropping obstacle mainly have two aspects, namely that the microbial community of the continuous cropping soil is changed, pathogenic bacteria causing soil-borne diseases are gradually increased along with the growth of the planting years, and the plants are attacked; secondly, pathogenic microorganisms in asparagus roots and soil can secrete allelochemicals, and plants grow all the time. Therefore, overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of asparagus must start from two aspects of killing soil pathogenic bacteria and eliminating root allelochemicals. However, the current research only starts from one aspect or a certain link, and the asparagus continuous cropping obstacle cannot be fundamentally solved. The invention breaks through the research bottleneck from two aspects at the same time, solves the root source of the continuous cropping obstacle, actively nurses after the planting, namely timely treats the wilted asparagus plants by killing soil pathogenic bacteria and eliminating root allelopathy substances and matching with a scientific planting method, greatly improves the planting survival rate, and reduces or even avoids the disease occurrence rate.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of outdoor asparagus is characterized in that: which comprises the following steps of,
(1) digging a fermentation ditch: selecting a field to be planted after the asparagus of the previous crop is damaged, marking lines in the middle of the original 2 cultivation rows, and digging fermentation ditches by taking the lines as central axes;
(2) in-situ fermentation of raw chicken manure: filling a fermentation product in the fermentation ditch obtained in the step (1), wherein the fermentation product is as follows: mixing the unripe chicken manure and wheat straw or rice straw according to the volume ratio of 7: 3, then adding 10-12kg/m of calcium phosphate according to the total volume after mixing31.5-2kg/m of urea3；
Spraying fermentation liquor on the surface of the fermented product after the fermented product is fully and uniformly mixed, wherein the spraying amount is 2L/m according to the total volume of the fermented product3Spraying, wherein the fermentation liquid comprises 100-150g of lactic acid bacteria, 250-300g of yeast, 200-250g of brown sugar and 2L of water; spraying water onto the fermented product to make the water content of the fermented product be 50-55%; finally, covering a plastic film on the fermentation ditch, sealing for 30-40 days, opening the film, airing for 3-5 days, and filling the fermentation ditch with soilThen deeply ploughing the whole planting field by 45-50cm for 2-3 times, and leveling the land;
(3) seedling disinfection: 3-4 days before field planting, watering a seedling bed of the asparagus to be planted in the field to the field with 10% difenoconazole wettable powder for 1 time, wherein the dosage per mu is 50-60g, and the 10% difenoconazole wettable powder is applied along with water to thoroughly water the seedling bed; then planting asparagus seedlings on the asparagus seedling raising bed at the marked marking positions in the step (1);
(4) applying 1-time allelochemicals inhibitor at 2-3d and 8-10d after planting;
the allelochemicals inhibitor comprises the following components: 1-1.5g/L sodium ascorbate, 5-8g/L salicylic acid, 0.5-0.8g/L acetazolamide, 1-1.5g/L sodium citrate, 4-5g/L sodium glutamate, 2-2.5g/L sodium p-nitrophenolate, 10-14g/L amino acid chelated calcium and 0.3-0.5g/L glimepiride, wherein the application method for each time is to dilute the allelochemicals inhibitor by adding water by 40-50 times and then irrigate the roots, and each plant is irrigated with 300ml of 200-.
2. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the depth of the fermentation groove is 20-25cm, and the width is 40-45 cm.
3. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), a field is selected as a field planting field after the asparagus of the previous crop is damaged, plant residues on the surface of soil are thoroughly removed before a fermentation ditch is dug, 500 times of solution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder is sprayed on the surface of the soil, the whole field is deeply ploughed by 30-35cm, and the root system of the residual asparagus is picked up.
4. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fermentation material is filled in the fermentation groove when the daily minimum temperature is more than 15 ℃.
5. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the fermentation material filled in the fermentation groove in the step (2) is 10-15 cm.
6. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) seedling raising of the asparagus seedlings planted in the step (3) by adopting a 10 x 10cm nutrition pot, wherein the seedling age is 70-80d, and conventional management is carried out.
7. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: cultivating according to a conventional cultivation management method after planting.
8. The cultivation method for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the outdoor asparagus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the asparagus field in which the previous-batch asparagus is located is an asparagus field which is continuously planted for 5-10 years.
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