CN105960975A - Method for self-breeding and culturing potato virus-free ancestor by peasant household - Google Patents
Method for self-breeding and culturing potato virus-free ancestor by peasant household Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
- A01N65/385—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for self-breeding and culturing potato virus-free ancestor by a peasant household, and belongs to the technical field of potato virus-free ancestor breeding. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing land and applying fertilizer; 2) covering films and separating; 3) selecting seeds and dressing seeds; 4) sowing; 5) earthing up in separated times and forming pits; 6) dressing fertilizer; 7) controlling height; 9) harvesting and storing. The method uses soil as a planting medium to breed a potato virus-free ancestor, and compared with matrix breeding, cost is greatly reduced. The potato virus-free ancestor can be bred and planted in large scale, and common farmers can complete production. The method breaks through situation that the potato virus-free ancestor completely depends on a special seed company, and makes planting cost of farmers greatly reduced, and improves planting benefits of the farmers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to potato detoxicating Initial strain breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of peasant household from breeding cultivation
The method of potato detoxicating original seed.
Background technology
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is grain dish dual-purpose crop, causes kind of a sexual involution because virus infects, be Ma Ling in planting process
The dyskinetic factor that potato yield declines, application toxicity micro potato potato seed is bred detoxification original seed, is land for growing field crops Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
Important step in the production of commodity potato.Method conventional in traditional seed production be soil (or land for growing field crops) breed,
Half substrate (effluent sand, Vermiculitum, fertile soil make seedbed) is bred and substrate is bred, and wherein, soil is bred
Virus-free basic potato seed soil incubation method as disclosed in patent CN 105145042 A；Half substrate breed as
Virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method disclosed in patent CN 105210600 A, CN 104126386 A
Disclosed potato primary stock production method；Substrate breeds the fastest numerous horse as disclosed in CN 101176431 A
The cultural method of bell potato original silkworm egg potato, a kind of side producing potato primary stock disclosed in CN 102550411 A
Method etc..It is higher that above-mentioned substrate breeds original seed potato production cost, and can not produce in a large number, it is often more important that to temperature
Degree, humidity, illumination and operating condition require harshness, and peasant is owing to lacking science and technology, it is difficult to complete to produce
Operation, thus, substrate culture utilization rate in actual production is low, it is difficult to popularity.Half substrate culture phase
More relatively low than substrate culture cost, and production operation is all the planting technology known to peasant, is that application is wider at present
General method.But half substrate culture still can not large-scale production, reason is when seedbed makes to add big
Amount river sand, Vermiculitum etc., it is well known that river sand is mixed into Tian Tuzhong to be difficult to separate, and if things go on like this can cause soil
Matter declines, and soil desertification is serious, and China's arable land quality is produced irreversible impact, simultaneously as seedbed
Processing technology very complicated, limits large-scale production, and then limits the yield of original seed potato, more to peasant
Income has significant impact, it is clear that be difficult to meet the economic expectation of peasant.Although soil cultivation can overcome above-mentioned
The defect of existence bred by half substrate and base, but owing to soil having a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, and some extraneous factor is difficult to
Control so that courses of infection rate is high, can not get intended detoxification original seed potato.
Original seed potato soil breeds method conventional in production at present is that micro potato grain weighs 5～10g whole photo sowings, grain
Weigh 10～more than 15g and sow frequently with cutting bud mode, employing row spacing 70cm double row sowing, spacing in the rows 15～18cm,
After planting using covering with ground sheeting (or not overlay film), the depth of planting 10～15cm of overlay film does not takes off film until receiving
Obtain.This mode of production there is problems of micro potato and cuts bud wound infectivity virus, it is impossible to ensure that original seed takes off
Toxic effect fruit, plant spacing is big, and plant ventilation effect is poor, the most susceptible, big (4500/mu) by micro potato kind amount,
Seed deeply the most cryogenically, be unfavorable for emerging, covering with ground sheeting to harvest time, produce soil layer isolation, fall during ridging
Rainfall is not easily accessible root system time few, tuber initiation stage ground temperature is high, is unfavorable for the formation of tuber.To this end, patent
CN 103918442 A discloses a kind of potato detoxicating former big ridge sowing single file big spacing in the rows medicine fertilizer one high yield and breeds
Method, the technical scheme of disclosure comprises following processing step: the most wholely；2. choose seeds；3. covering film, tired kind
With dressing seed；4. sow；5. ridging is sat on eggs by several times；6. medicine is fertile；7. height is controlled；8. kill seedling to gather；
Each step particular content is as follows: the most wholely: the thin rake of autumn end deep ploughing, ploughed depth 35～40cm, according to line-spacing
90cm earths up to center from both sides and beats ridge, encircles round shape ridge in 10cm height；2. seed selection: selecting grain is heavily 10～15g
Toxicity micro potato；3. covering film, tired kind and dressing seed: fill foot moisture, overlay film on ridge in furrow, make
Soil thermal storage, uses herbicide 50% acetochlor ec before overlay film, and 80～150mL/667m2It is watered 50kg uniform
Spraying；Meanwhile, 2 weeks prior to seeding, toxicity micro potato is taken out by potato seed bunker, divides 2～3
Layer stack is placed on the indoor that astigmatism is irradiated, and temperature is maintained at 15 DEG C～18 DEG C, within 3 days, stirs once, to sprout length
0.3～0.5cm when being become green or purple by white, every 100kg potato seed 70% thiophanate methyl
The dew wettable powder 0.2kg+72% agricultural streptomycin 15g+1.5kg Pulvis Talci seed dressing of 0.2kg+72% Du Pont gram is dried in the air
Sow after Gan；4. sowing: sowing when 5cm ground temperature stably reaches 3～5 DEG C under film；According to line-spacing during sowing
90cm, spacing in the rows 35～40cm are punched, and aperture is used less times greater than micro potato diameter, degree of depth 5cm, the bottom in hole
NPK, makees base fertilizer and stirs with subsoil, sows quantity 3400～3600/667m2, terminal bud is upwards
Orientation program request method sowing, tail bud of simultaneously erasing, the aperture grave of thin film is tight；5. ridging is sat on eggs by several times: squat
Bud soil: after sowing 3 weeks, when ground temperature reaches 8～15 DEG C under film, there is crack because of seedling top soil in surface, ridge, training
Soil crouching bud, applies pressure to terminal bud；Ridging thickness 3cm, expands the plastic sheeting at field planting aperture during ridging,
Make ridging be connected with subsoil, aperture mulch film firming is obturaged；Stem is divided to expand nest soil: to open during height of seedling 10～15cm
Mulch film, imposes carbamide by 15g/ strain and earths up, and is divided by stem to surrounding, and base portion is depressed into parallel with face, ridge, stem
Point upwards and lives in base portion 5cm by soil pressure, and stem apex exposes soil face 5cm makes each stem separate from center, thickness of earthing up
5cm；Build nest soil: when stolon in squaring period tip starts to expand, impose 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer by 15g/ strain,
Earth up after fertilising 5cm；Anti-blue clay: potato tubers expands the Sheng phase, imposes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, ridging
5cm, prevents tuber from basseting；Earthing up through above-mentioned four times, crouching bud soil, point stem expand nest soil, build nest soil, anti-
Blue clay, eventually forms the high ridge potato nest of ridge across back 50cm, high 35～40cm；6. medicine is fertile: diseases prevention medicament and leaf
Leaven material integrally sprays, and consumption below is all 667m2Consumption；Qi Miaohou, sprays 3kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72%
Du Pont gram dew wettable powder 150g；When height of seedling reaches 15cm, spray 5kg calcium ammonium nitrate+10% generation high-moisture and dissipate
Granule 50g prevention early blight；In squaring period, spray 8kg calcium ammonium nitrate+30% mancozeb suspending agent 180g；Open
Florescence, 8kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Rhizoma Solani tuber osi enters knot potato phase, 200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate
The micro-fertile 20g of+50% dimethomorph wettable powder 180g+；Tuber expansion period, 10kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% frost urea
Cyanogen MnZn 180g；Tuber expands the later stage, 200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+72% cymoxanil mancozeb 200g+ can kill 3,000
60g+ Si Dekaopu 20g；7. control height: when potato plant grows to 40cm, spraying concentration be 2000～
2500mg/kg chlorocholine chloride, delays the prosperous length of aerial parts stem and leaf, promotes that tuber expands；8. kill seedling to gather: results
Within first 7 days, killing seedling, overground part plant is smashed by seedling killing machine, stays stubble 5～8cm, and potato skin is aging, kills seedling one week
After gather.The program solves a ridge duplicate rows and plants the problems such as the courses of infection rate existed is high, emergence rate is low,
But owing to using the single file plantation of big ridge so that land utilization ratio is low, and plantation yields poorly, and does not more carry out soil
Pretreatment, in soil, potato seed can be impacted by the microbial pathogens of attachment, is still difficult to ensure that original seed potato
Quality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: overcome present in existing soil plant development toxicity-removing white potato original seed method
Courses of infection rate is high, and complex operation is complicated, the defects such as land utilization ratio is low, it is achieved toxicity-removing white potato original seed kind
Planting yield high, original seed potato quality better, operation is simple, and peasant can breed the purpose of Self management certainly.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of peasant household is from breeding the method cultivating potato detoxicating original seed, it is characterised in that: comprise following technique
Step: 1) whole ground and fertilising；2) overlay film and partition；3) choose seeds and dress seed；4) sowing；5) training by several times
Soil is sat on eggs；6) medicine is imposed fertile；7) height is controlled；8) gather in the crops and preserve；Each step particular content is as follows:
1) whole ground and fertilising: before autumn end soil is freeze-up, deep ploughing 35～40cm, water with 800 times of liquid of compound insecticidal
After filling, to ground mulching Caulis et Folium Oryzae, after 2～3 days, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae；After beginning of spring next year, mu organic fertilizer 28～32kg,
Diamidogen 4～7kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8～2.5kg, carbamide 0.3～0.8kg；Shallow after fertilising turn over 10～18cm,
Ridging, row spacing 80～100cm, row spacing 110～120cm, ridge high 8～10cm, described compound insecticidal liquid by
The boiling that adds water of Fructus Capsici, Bulbus Allii, Folium Momordicae Charantiae, Herba Alii fistulosi and mustard is boiled 20～30 minutes, after being cooled to 40～50 DEG C,
Add tobacco shred constant temperature 1～2 hours, filter off what residue was made；
2) overlay film and partition: face, ridge is divided into two parts by the fragment of brick steeped by compound insecticidal 100～200 times of immersions,
Then using face, covering with ground sheeting ridge, described fragment of brick inserts soil layer 11.5cm, and concordant with face, ridge, it is ensured that cover
After film, face, ridge is close to by mulch film, and wherein, block dimensions is 24cm × 11.5cm × 5.3cm；
3) choose seeds and dress seed: select epidermis smooth, delicate, bright in colour, without insect pest, without hinder freeze former
Plant and make seed, be placed in the mixture of metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw ash seed dressing；
4) sowing: sowing when 5cm ground temperature stably reaches 3～5 DEG C under film；During sowing on the basis of fragment of brick line,
By being that line-spacing is sowed away from fragment of brick 12cm, sowing spacing in the rows is 20～25cm, and the degree of depth is 5cm, and application rate is
400～600/mu；Terminal bud upwardly-directed program request method is sowed, tail bud of simultaneously erasing, the aperture grave of thin film
Sternly；
5) ridging is sat on eggs by several times: earth up through following three times, and point stem expands nest soil, builds nest blue clay native, anti-, finally
Form ridge across back 50cm, high 35～the high ridge potato nest of 40cm；
1. divide stem to expand nest soil: during height of seedling 10～15cm, to open mulch film, impose carbamide by 10～12g/ strains and train multiple
Joining soil, divided by stem to limit, ridge, base portion is depressed into parallel with face, ridge, and stem apex upwards and lives in base portion 5cm by soil pressure,
Stem apex exposes soil face 5cm makes each stem separate from center, and earth up thickness 5cm；
2. nest soil is built: when stolon in squaring period tip starts to expand, impose 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer by 15g/ strain,
Training compounding soil 5cm after fertilising；
The most anti-blue clay: potato tubers expands the Sheng phase, imposes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, the compounding native 5cm of training,
Prevent tuber from basseting；
6) impose medicine fertile: Qi Miaohou, spray 2.8kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% Du Pont gram dew wettable powder 150g；
When height of seedling reaches 15cm, spray 5kg calcium ammonium nitrate+10% Difenoconazole 50g and prevent early blight；Squaring period,
Spray 5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate+3kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP)+30% mancozeb suspending agent 180g；Florescence, 8kg nitric acid
Ammonium calcium+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Rhizoma Solani tuber osi enters the knot potato phase, and 200 potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50% dimethomorphs can
The micro-fertile 20g of WP 180g+；Tuber expansion period, 10kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Block
Stem expands the later stage, and 200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+72% cymoxanil mancozeb 200g+ can kill to obtain 3,000 60g+ Si Dekaopu 20g；
7) controlling height: when potato plant grows to 40cm, spraying concentration is 2200～2400mg/kg short strong
Element, delays the prosperous length of aerial parts stem and leaf, promotes that tuber expands；
8) gather in the crops and preserve: selecting fine day to gather in the crops, avoid potato block broken skin the most as far as possible, be subject to
Wound, it is ensured that potato block smooth in appearance；And leave in time in storage cellar, affect edible and commodity to preapre for an unfavorable turn of events green
Property, storage cellar to clean up and disinfection in advance, and in cellar for storing things, temperature controls is 1～3 DEG C, and humidity is
85～90%, meanwhile, frequent ventilation, get rid of carbon dioxide in time.
Further, in step 1) whole ground and fertilising in, described compound insecticidal liquid component by Fructus Capsici, Bulbus Allii,
Folium Momordicae Charantiae, Herba Alii fistulosi, mustard, tobacco shred press the proportioning composition of 2:1:1:1.5:1:0.5.
Further, in step 3) choose seeds and dress seed, described metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw
Ash is mixed by the proportioning of 1:1:0.2:80～95.
Further, in step 5) during by several times ridging is sat on eggs, described compounding soil by field soil, horsehit, Pulvis Talci,
Mancozeb mixes according to the proportioning of 70～80:5～8:1～3:0.1～0.3.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1) present invention breeds potato detoxicating original seed with Tian Tuwei planting medium, compares substrate and breeds cost significantly
Reducing, and can breed plantation on a large scale, common peasant also is able to oneself complete to produce, and breaks Ma Ling
Potato virus-free seed potato is completely dependent on the situation of specialty seeds company so that peasant planting cost is greatly lowered, and carries
The high planting benefit of peasant.
2) by breeding field is processed when the present invention breeds potato detoxicating original seed, after specifically including deep ploughing
Irrigate with 800 times of liquid of compound insecticidal and till the land, and to farming covered ground Caulis et Folium Oryzae, kill the disease being attached in soil
Former bacterium and insect pest, it is to avoid under detoxification original silkworm egg, broadcast postoperative infection pathogenic bacteria, it is ensured that the low infection rate of production, Jin Erti
High product original seed quality, the principle of this operation is: compound insecticidal liquid of the present invention has the work of anthelmintic and parasite killing
With, by tilling the land with 800 times of liquid pourings of compound insecticidal, the pathogenic bacteria insect pest being attached to Tian Tuzhong is killed substantially,
And due to problems such as Drug resistance, it is impossible to the insect pest pathogenic bacteria being killed is upset and will move to the Caulis et Folium Oryzae without medicinal liquid
Dynamic, thus when throwing off Caulis et Folium Oryzae, connection Drug resistance insect pest pathogenic bacteria is taken away together, then carry out centralized burning or employing
Other modes are killed, and the most greatly ensure that the completeness of farming Pesticidal and sterilizing, remove attachment as much as possible
In pathogen and the insect pest of Tian Tuzhong, and then improve the quality of virus-free seed potato.
3) present invention uses the fragment of brick processed that ridge is divided into two pieces, and the partition degree of depth is 11.5cm, lower seed level
Degree is 5cm, thus two row potato seeds on face, same ridge is relatively isolated out, and reduces and mutually infects disease between potato seed
The probability of bacterium, improves the yield and quality of product potato seed.Simultaneously as fragment of brick cuts off serves isolation potato seed
Effect so that broadcast under ridge two row and be capable of and the probability of infection pathogen is relatively low, improve farming profit
By rate, farming per mu yield significantly improves the most accordingly.
4) using production method of the present invention, each household sweet potato grower plants virus-free basic potato seed 400, then may be used
Producing detoxification high-quality original seed 200～300kg, Second Year can sow 1～2 mu of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, produce one-level kind 3000～
4000kg, is available for the land for growing field crops Rhizoma Solani tuber osi kind of 20～25 mu on the 3rd year.It follows that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of the present invention takes off
Poison process for preparing protospecies is simple, and yield increases fast, can be that sweet potato grower brings huge economic benefit.
5) present invention uses the mixture of metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw ash to dress seed, can be the most anti-
Only original silkworm egg carries disease germs and causes disease to infect, and straw ash contains abundant nutrition element simultaneously, can be that original silkworm egg is emerged
And growth provides nutrient, meet the growth needs of potato seed.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, technical scheme is described further, in order to same domain
The understanding of technical staff.
Embodiment 1
In order to verify the actual effect of the present invention, in JIUYUE, 2013, the triumphant development in agricultural science and technology share in Gansu has
Limit company is classified as " one point of field of virus-free seed potato " project and is practiced.
A kind of peasant household, from breeding the method cultivating potato detoxicating original seed, comprises following processing step:
1) whole ground and fertilising: before autumn end soil was freeze-up in 2013, deep ploughing 35～40cm, with compound insecticidal 800
After the pouring of times liquid, to ground mulching Caulis et Folium Oryzae, after 2～3 days, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae；After beginning of spring next year, mu organic fertilizer
28～32kg, diamidogen 4～7kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8～2.5kg, carbamide 0.3～0.8kg；After fertilising shallow
Turn over 10～18cm, ridging, row spacing 80～100cm, row spacing 110～120cm, ridge high 8～10cm, described
Compound insecticidal liquid is boiled 20～30 minutes by the boiling that adds water of Fructus Capsici, Bulbus Allii, Folium Momordicae Charantiae, Herba Alii fistulosi and mustard, is cooled to
After 40～50 DEG C, add tobacco shred constant temperature 1～2 hours, filter off what residue was made, wherein, this compound insecticidal
Liquid component proportion is Fructus Capsici: Bulbus Allii: Folium Momordicae Charantiae: Herba Alii fistulosi: mustard: tobacco shred is 2:1:1:1.5:1:0.5；
2) overlay film and partition: face, ridge is divided into two parts by the fragment of brick steeped by compound insecticidal 100～200 times of immersions,
Then using face, covering with ground sheeting ridge, described fragment of brick inserts soil layer 11.5cm, and concordant with face, ridge, it is ensured that cover
After film, face, ridge is close to by mulch film, and wherein, block dimensions is 24cm × 11.5cm × 5.3cm；
3) choose seeds and dress seed: select epidermis smooth, delicate, bright in colour, without insect pest, without hinder freeze former
Plant and make seed, be placed in the mixture of metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw ash seed dressing, described
Metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw ash mix by the proportioning of 1:1:0.2:80～95, institute
The original silkworm egg stated can be that potato 8, the Atlantic Ocean, Xia Bodi are opened in Gansu Province potato 7, Gansu Province potato 10, blue or green potato 9, Ji
And any one in Favorita；
4) sowing: sowing when 5cm ground temperature stably reaches 3～5 DEG C under film；During sowing on the basis of fragment of brick line,
By being that line-spacing is sowed away from fragment of brick 12cm, sowing spacing in the rows is 20～25cm, and the degree of depth is 5cm, and application rate is
400～600/mu；Terminal bud upwardly-directed program request method is sowed, tail bud of simultaneously erasing, the aperture grave of thin film
Sternly；
5) ridging is sat on eggs by several times: earth up through following three times, and point stem expands nest soil, builds nest blue clay native, anti-, finally
Form ridge across back 50cm, high 35～the high ridge potato nest of 40cm；
1. divide stem to expand nest soil: during height of seedling 10～15cm, to open mulch film, impose carbamide by 10～12g/ strains and train multiple
Joining soil, divided by stem to limit, ridge, base portion is depressed into parallel with face, ridge, and stem apex upwards and lives in base portion 5cm by soil pressure,
Stem apex expose soil face 5cm makes each stem separate from center, earth up thickness 5cm, described compounding soil by field soil,
Horsehit, Pulvis Talci, Mancozeb mix according to the proportioning of 70～80:5～8:1～3:0.1～0.3；
2. nest soil is built: when stolon in squaring period tip starts to expand, impose 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer by 15g/ strain,
Training compounding soil 5cm after fertilising；
The most anti-blue clay: potato tubers expands the Sheng phase, imposes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, the compounding native 5cm of training,
Prevent tuber from basseting；
6) impose medicine fertile: Qi Miaohou, spray 2.8kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% Du Pont gram dew wettable powder 150g；
When height of seedling reaches 15cm, spray 5kg calcium ammonium nitrate+10% Difenoconazole 50g and prevent early blight；Squaring period,
Spray 5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate+3kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP)+30% mancozeb suspending agent 180g；Florescence, 8kg nitric acid
Ammonium calcium+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Rhizoma Solani tuber osi enters the knot potato phase, and 200 potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50% dimethomorphs can
The micro-fertile 20g of WP 180g+；Tuber expansion period, 10kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Block
Stem expands the later stage, and 200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+72% cymoxanil mancozeb 200g+ can kill to obtain 3,000 60g+ Si Dekaopu 20g；
7) controlling height: when potato plant grows to 40cm, spraying concentration is 2200～2400mg/kg short strong
Element, delays the prosperous length of aerial parts stem and leaf, promotes that tuber expands；
8) gather in the crops and preserve: selecting fine day to gather in the crops, avoid potato block broken skin the most as far as possible, be subject to
Wound, it is ensured that potato block smooth in appearance；And leave in time in storage cellar, affect edible and commodity to preapre for an unfavorable turn of events green
Property, storage cellar to clean up and disinfection in advance, and in cellar for storing things, temperature controls is 1～3 DEG C, and humidity is
85～90%, meanwhile, frequent ventilation, get rid of carbon dioxide in time.
Owing to project implementation engineering is complicated, worry statistical data is huge and causes mistake, in actual production process
In, the whole method of employingization is added up, specific as follows:
Select to sow detoxification original silkworm egg 400 in spring in 2014 and carry out record, under broadcast rear potato seed and all survive and nothing
Disease, then results high-quality original seed potato 200～300kg.
Spring in 2015, broadcast under whole for the original seed potato of results in 2014, sow land used 1.5 mu, gather in the crops then
One-level potato seed 3500kg, according to general planting, this potato seed can sow about 22 mu.
By above-mentioned project implementation result, employing technical solution of the present invention can large-scale production Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
Detoxification original seed, and owing to using Tian Tuwei to breed medium, production cost is the lowest, it is often more important that, operation step
The most simple, peasant self-employed entrepreneurs can complete to produce, and has broken virus-free seed potato for many years and has been completely dependent on potato seed
The situation of company, has good economic benefit and social benefit.
Claims (4)
1. a peasant household is from breeding the method cultivating potato detoxicating original seed, it is characterised in that: comprise following work
Skill step: 1) whole ground and fertilising；2) overlay film and partition；3) choose seeds and dress seed；4) sowing；5) by several times
Ridging is sat on eggs；6) medicine is imposed fertile；7) height is controlled；8) gather in the crops and preserve；Each step particular content is as follows:
1) whole ground and fertilising: before autumn end soil is freeze-up, deep ploughing 35～40cm, water with 800 times of liquid of compound insecticidal
After filling, to ground mulching Caulis et Folium Oryzae, after 2～3 days, remove Caulis et Folium Oryzae；After beginning of spring next year, mu organic fertilizer 28～32kg,
Diamidogen 4～7kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.8～2.5kg, carbamide 0.3～0.8kg；Shallow after fertilising turn over 10～18cm,
Ridging, row spacing 80～100cm, row spacing 110～120cm, ridge high 8～10cm, described compound insecticidal liquid by
The boiling that adds water of Fructus Capsici, Bulbus Allii, Folium Momordicae Charantiae, Herba Alii fistulosi and mustard is boiled 20～30 minutes, after being cooled to 40～50 DEG C,
Add tobacco shred constant temperature 1～2 hours, filter off what residue was made；
2) overlay film and partition: face, ridge is divided into two parts by the fragment of brick steeped by compound insecticidal 100～200 times of immersions,
Then using face, covering with ground sheeting ridge, described fragment of brick inserts soil layer 11.5cm, and concordant with face, ridge, it is ensured that cover
After film, face, ridge is close to by mulch film, and wherein, block dimensions is 24cm × 11.5cm × 5.3cm；
3) choose seeds and dress seed: select epidermis smooth, delicate, bright in colour, without insect pest, without hinder freeze former
Plant and make seed, be placed in the mixture of metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw ash seed dressing；
4) sowing: sowing when 5cm ground temperature stably reaches 3～5 DEG C under film；During sowing on the basis of fragment of brick line,
By being that line-spacing is sowed away from fragment of brick 12cm, sowing spacing in the rows is 20～25cm, and the degree of depth is 5cm, and application rate is
400～600/mu；Terminal bud upwardly-directed program request method is sowed, tail bud of simultaneously erasing, the aperture grave of thin film
Sternly；
5) ridging is sat on eggs by several times: earth up through following three times, and point stem expands nest soil, builds nest blue clay native, anti-, finally
Form ridge across back 50cm, high 35～the high ridge potato nest of 40cm；
1. divide stem to expand nest soil: during height of seedling 10～15cm, to open mulch film, impose carbamide by 10～12g/ strains and train multiple
Joining soil, divided by stem to limit, ridge, base portion is depressed into parallel with face, ridge, and stem apex upwards and lives in base portion 5cm by soil pressure,
Stem apex exposes soil face 5cm makes each stem separate from center, and earth up thickness 5cm；
2. nest soil is built: when stolon in squaring period tip starts to expand, impose 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer by 15g/ strain,
Training compounding soil 5cm after fertilising；
The most anti-blue clay: potato tubers expands the Sheng phase, imposes 45% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, the compounding native 5cm of training,
Prevent tuber from basseting；
6) impose medicine fertile: Qi Miaohou, spray 2.8kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% Du Pont gram dew wettable powder 150g；
When height of seedling reaches 15cm, spray 5kg calcium ammonium nitrate+10% Difenoconazole 50g and prevent early blight；Squaring period,
Spray 5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate+3kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP)+30% mancozeb suspending agent 180g；Florescence, 8kg nitric acid
Ammonium calcium+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Rhizoma Solani tuber osi enters the knot potato phase, and 200 potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50% dimethomorphs can
The micro-fertile 20g of WP 180g+；Tuber expansion period, 10kg calcium ammonium nitrate+72% cymoxanil MnZn 180g；Block
Stem expands the later stage, and 200g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+72% cymoxanil mancozeb 200g+ can kill to obtain 3,000 60g+ Si Dekaopu 20g；
7) controlling height: when potato plant grows to 40cm, spraying concentration is 2200～2400mg/kg short strong
Element, delays the prosperous length of aerial parts stem and leaf, promotes that tuber expands；
8) gather in the crops and preserve: selecting fine day to gather in the crops, avoid potato block broken skin the most as far as possible, be subject to
Wound, it is ensured that potato block smooth in appearance；And leave in time in storage cellar, affect edible and commodity to preapre for an unfavorable turn of events green
Property, storage cellar to clean up and disinfection in advance, and in cellar for storing things, temperature controls is 1～3 DEG C, and humidity is
85～90%, meanwhile, frequent ventilation, get rid of carbon dioxide in time.
A kind of peasant household the most as claimed in claim 1 is from breeding the method cultivating potato detoxicating original seed, and it is special
Levy and be: in step 1) whole ground and fertilising in, described compound insecticidal liquid component is by Fructus Capsici, Bulbus Allii, Fructus Momordicae charantiae
Leaf, Herba Alii fistulosi, mustard, tobacco shred press the proportioning composition of 2:1:1:1.5:1:0.5.
A kind of peasant household the most as claimed in claim 1 is from breeding the method cultivating potato detoxicating original seed, and it is special
Levy and be: in step 3) to choose seeds and dress seed, described metalaxyl, carbendazim, gibberellins and straw ash press
The proportioning of 1:1:0.2:80～95 mixes.
A kind of peasant household the most as claimed in claim 1 is from breeding the method cultivating potato detoxicating original seed, and it is special
Levy and be: in step 5) during by several times ridging is sat on eggs, described compounding soil is by field soil, horsehit, Pulvis Talci, generation
Gloomy MnZn mixes according to the proportioning of 70～80:5～8:1～3:0.1～0.3.
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| CN112106615A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-22 | 丽江市种子管理站 | Breeding method of Ning Langdang 3 # potato breeder seeds |
| CN115474549A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-16 | 延安市农业科学研究所 | Efficient breeding method for virus-free potato seeds |
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