CN105210600A - Virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method - Google Patents
Virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/005—Methods for micropropagation; Vegetative plant propagation using cell or tissue culture techniques
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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Abstract
The invention discloses virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method, belong to virus-free basic potato seed culture technique field.The method comprising the steps of: 1) produce plantlet in vitro, 2) process of seedling canopy, 3) select transplantation of seedlings, 4) booth management, and 5) gather in the crops in good time.Base manure and carbendazim, after plowed soils, apply in the dark soil layer of 20cm by the present invention, then leveling, compacting; Then mutually isolated cultivation region is set up with sterile brick, remake and disinfect, compared with existing virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method, virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method cost of the present invention is low, breeder's stock quality and yield all has obvious lifting, cultivates mutual infection risk between seedling low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to virus-free basic potato seed culture technique field, particularly relate to virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method.
Background technology
Potato is with a long history in China's plantation, is the fourth-largest raise crop after wheat, paddy rice, corn, has very high nutritive value.Within 2015, China proposes " potato staple food grain " development strategy, and as can be seen here, potato has huge yield potential and vast potential for future development.In recent years, due to the aggravation of problem of environmental pollution, the probability that potato infects virus in planting process increases, and potato is asexually propagated crop, its virus infected by generation accumulation, can cause potato seed degenerate problem serious, has a strong impact on the development of Potato Industry.Along with going deep into of potato research, although the potato plant body finding to infect virus is interior containing a large amount of virus, but growing point meristematic tissue is not containing virus, tissue cultures is carried out by cutting young shoot stem apex, tissue cultural seedlings of free can be obtained, cultivating through matrix and obtain virus-free seed potato, be called as " detoxication and tissue culture rapid propagating technology ", is the state-of-the-art technology solving seed potato degeneration.
At present, breed in production in the training of potato detoxicating group, breeder's stock many employings soilless substrate is cultivated, be difficult to form large-scale culture system, and Costco Wholesale is higher, virus-free seed potato market supply is held at high price, peasant is unable bears high expense, heavily rate is very low altogether to cause virus-free seed potato, seriously limits the development of China's Potato Industry.
In order to solve breeder's stock Problems existing, patent CN103155845A discloses high efficiency, low cost potato virus-free plantlet and breeder's stock production technology, disclose and comprise " greenhouse sets up and matrix treatments, cuttage seeding process, management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, results, packaging, storage " breeder's stock production method, but the open hot-house culture of this report is carried out in culture matrix, Costco Wholesale is high, is difficult to form large-scale culture system; And need after detoxic seedling cuttage to set up epiphragma Small plastic shed, so just further increase production cost.CN102017888A discloses virus-free basic potato seed production technology; disclose and make matrix with river sand; the production method of breeder's stock is cultivated in cuttage, solve the problem that above-mentioned patented technology cost is high, but in canopy, cultivation region does not isolate; and not basal dressing before cuttage; later stage meets the nutritional need of breeder's stock by repeatedly applying fertilizer, and labour cost of topdressing is higher, and once there is damage by disease and insect in canopy; owing to not having any safeguard measure, the probability that in blocks or extensive damage by disease and insect pollutes is higher.CN101176431A discloses the cultivation method of rapidly white potato breeder's seed, and disclose the method that solarium produces breeder's stock, virus-free potato is planted in soil by it, there is the danger of soil pollution potato seed.CN102550411A discloses a kind of method of producing potato primary stock, disclose the method for carbonless base paper Fast-propagation breeder's stock in booth, it is cultivated in the nutrient solution of cave dish, also there is the problem that Costco Wholesale is high, the more important thing is that the probability causing pollution after plant infects damage by disease and insect is larger due to liquid nutrient medium flowing.CN102498842A discloses a kind of method of producing virus-free potato primary stock, disclose virus-free potato tube plant planted lower floor be Nutrition Soil, middle level is river sand, upper strata is the method carrying out mixing chpn cultivation in the matrix of vermiculite, the method production cost is relatively low, but the identical contact of all breeder's stock seedlings, pollution risk is larger, and the very strong river sand of water penetration is added in middle level, after watering, upper strata vermiculite is difficult to keep moisture here.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: overcome existing detoxic seedling toxigenic capacity high, between breeder's stock, mutual pollution risk is large, topdress often and fertilizer amount large problem during final-period management, thus a kind of virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method is provided, the method has that cost is low, the mutual pollution rate of breeder's stock is low, topdress number of times and the few advantage of fertilizer application amount.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method, comprise step: 1) produce plantlet in vitro, 2) seedling canopy process, 3) transplantation of seedlings is selected, 4) booth management, 5) gather in the crops in good time, it is characterized in that: described step 2) process of seedling canopy comprises: 1. seedbed process: overhaul green house in time after front stubble potato harvest, soil in cleaning canopy, removes previous crops potato grain and rubbish, then uses carbendazim spraying disinfection to booth; 2. site preparation and fertilization: after plowed soils, applies in the dark soil layer of 20cm by base manure and carbendazim, then leveling, compacting; 3. subregion is built: at upper berth, the soil nylon grenadine of leveling, and be divided into the cultivation region of 2 ~ 2.5m with sterile brick, then with carbendazim, pasteurised completely carried out to booth, then spread into thickness 6 ~ 8 ㎝ vermiculite; 4. water: plant seedling first 1 day, water to each cultivation region moistening to vermiculite, then strike off loose for vermiculite plane, be divided into lines apart from the guide line of 10 ㎝ with line drawing device.
Further, described step 3) select in transplantation of seedlings, select more than 3 leaves of taking exercise in seeding room, length 5 more than ㎝, healthy and strong free of contamination detoxic seedling, carefully take out from tissue culture bottle, wash medium with water, move into after wrapping and wait to carry moisture-heat preservation in booth; The density of the detoxic seedling chosen according to spacing in the rows 4.5 ~ 5.0 ㎝ planted, every square metre of 200 ~ 220 strains, when planting, detoxic seedling exposes vermiculite surface as well with 2 leaves, and irrigates water of planting in time, builds Small plastic shed, requires shed to tighten pressure tight.
Further, described step 2) process of seedling canopy time 2. site preparation and fertilization in, base manure comprises following composition: urea 0.04kg/ ㎡, superphosphate 0.15kg/ ㎡, potassium sulfate 0.09kg/ ㎡, fertilizer 1.5kg/ ㎡.
Further, described step 2) process of seedling canopy time 2. site preparation and fertilization in, base manure comprises following composition: urea 0.03kg/ ㎡, diammonium phosphate 0.02kg/ ㎡, potassium sulfate 0.09kg/ ㎡, fertilizer 1.5kg/ ㎡.
Further, in described urea, N content is 46%, k in described potassium sulfate
2o content is 52%, superphosphate in P
2o
5content is 10%.
Further, described step 4) booth management comprise: moisturizing thermal protection, pressure seedling, water, the extermination of disease and insect pest, intertill and clean tillage.
Further, described pressure seedling carries out pressure seedling when growth of seedling to 5 ~ 6 slice leaf, and seedling stays 2 ~ 3 leaves, and when slice leaf of growth of seedling to 4 ~ 5, carry out training vermiculite, thickness is 2 ~ 3 ㎝.
Compared with the hot-house culture method of existing detoxification breeder's stock, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is when site preparation and fertilization, fertilizer and carbendazim is applied in the dark soil layer of 20cm, again disinfects after setting up cultivation region, thoroughly kill the damage by disease and insect in soil, prevents detoxification breeder's stock from infecting, and improves breeder's stock quality; Greenhouse seedbed is separated mutually, sets up small incubation district, effectively prevent the insect pest of breeder's stock seedling diseases from mutually infecting, improve detoxification breeder's stock quality and yield; Apply the mixing base manure that price is lower relative to nutrient solution when whole ground, ensure the nutrient demand of later stage breeder's stock, reduce the number of times that topdresses, both reduced by fertile cost and labour cost, reduce again the impact that human factor grows breeder's stock seedling.
2, breeder's stock production method of the present invention is simple, and low to equipment, environmental requirement, final-period management is convenient, easy, can form large-scale rapid culture system, meet the need of market.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, is intended to help same domain technical staff the understanding of the present invention, does not limit interest field.
Embodiment 1
Virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method, comprises the following steps:
One, plantlet in vitro is produced
The plantlet in vitro technological process of production is: Fruit variety-detoxification treatment-Viral diagnosis-detoxification bottle seedling and propagating-cultivation-transplanting
1, Fruit variety
Select or introduce the detoxification bottle seedling being applicable to the local potato improved seeds produced: or detoxification treatment is carried out to the improved seeds that locality is promoted mainly.
2, detoxification treatment
Stem-apex Meristem culture is the inhomogeneities utilizing virus to distribute in plant tissue, namely the closer to root, the viral fewer principle in stem top, reaches the object rejecting virus.
2.1 sow and cut bud
Selection varietal characteristic is obvious, and healthy disease-free whole potato, after cleaning and sterilizing, processes lO days, vernalization under 37 DEG C of conditions, until bud grow to 4 ~ 5cm long time, the strong bud that clip l ~ 2cm is long.
2.2 explant sterilizations
30min is rinsed under bud being placed in running water, with 75% alcohol rinse 30s, aseptic water washing 3 times, super-clean bench soaks 12min with 0.1%HgCl, aseptic water washing 6 times, using filter paper suck dry moisture, carrying out peeling off to exposing round and smooth growing point under anatomical lens, the medium that the shoot apical meristem cutting band 1 ~ 2 leaf primordium is connected to MS+6 ~ BAO.5mg/L is cultivated.
2.3 Shoot Tip Culture
At illuminance 1000 ~ 3000lx, illumination every day 16h, under temperature 22 ~ 26% condition cultivate one month, stem apex turn green after, go on ordinary culture medium, stem apex can grow up to seedling.When seedling grows to 6 ~ 7cm, a plant is compiled one number and transfers, and after switching some, same numbering bottle seedling retains a part, and another part carries out Viral diagnosis.
2.4 segments are expanded numerous
For the qualified virus-free bottle seedling of detection, carry out segment and expand numerous, after some to be achieved, after cultivation, hardening, drop into green house plantation.
Two, seedling canopy process
1, seedbed process: overhaul green house in time after front stubble potato harvest, soil in cleaning canopy, removes previous crops potato grain and rubbish, then uses carbendazim spraying disinfection to booth;
2, site preparation and fertilization: after plowed soils, base manure and carbendazim are applied in the dark soil layer of 20cm, then leveling, compacting, described base manure is: urea 0.04kg/ ㎡, superphosphate 0.15kg/ ㎡, potassium sulfate 0.09kg/ ㎡, fertilizer 1.5kg/ ㎡ or urea 0.03kg/ ㎡, diammonium phosphate 0.02kg/ ㎡, potassium sulfate 0.09kg/ ㎡, fertilizer 1.5kg/ ㎡, wherein, in urea, N content is 46%, k in described potassium sulfate
2o content is 52%, superphosphate in P
2o
5content is 10%;
3, subregion is built: at upper berth, the soil nylon grenadine of leveling, and be divided into the cultivation region of 2 ~ 2.5m with sterile brick, then with carbendazim, pasteurised completely carried out to booth, then spread into thickness 6 ~ 8 ㎝ vermiculite;
4, water: plant seedling first 1 day, water to each cultivation region moistening to vermiculite, then strike off loose for vermiculite plane, be divided into lines apart from the guide line of 10 ㎝ with line drawing device.
Three, transplantation of seedlings is selected
Select more than 3 leaves of taking exercise in seeding room, length 5 more than ㎝, healthy and strong free of contamination detoxic seedling, carefully take out from tissue culture bottle, wash medium with water, move into after wrapping and wait to carry moisture-heat preservation in booth; The density of the detoxic seedling chosen according to spacing in the rows 4.5 ~ 5.0 ㎝ planted, every square metre of 200 ~ 220 strains, when planting, detoxic seedling exposes vermiculite surface as well with 2 leaves, and irrigates water of planting in time, builds Small plastic shed, requires shed to tighten pressure tight.
Four, booth management
1, moisturizing thermal protection: moisturizing phase humidity should reach 100%, temperature controls 23 ~ 28 DEG C, carries out sunshade and moist keeping measures according to weather conditions simultaneously, finds that shed film has damage to squeegee in time; Band detoxic seedling take root after (8 ~ 10 days summers, 10 ~ 15 days winters) throw off shed film in time, when taking off film, first day opens Yi little Jiao, within second day, opens pair of horns, within the 3rd day, opens two diagonal angles, within 4th day, open completely, and according to actual conditions watering spray medicine;
2 pressure seedlings: carry out pressure seedling when growth of seedling to 5 ~ 6 slice leaf, seedling stays 2 ~ 3 leaves, when slice leaf of growth of seedling to 4 ~ 5, carry out training vermiculite, thickness is 2 ~ 3 ㎝;
3, water: will water in time in detoxic seedling process of growth, keep the water content in vermiculite to be 50 ~ 60%.Meanwhile, the growing state depending on young plant combines to water and topdresses, and breeder's stock stopped watering at ripe first 15 ~ 20 days;
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest: prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time in breeding time, every 7 ~ 10 days spray medicines once, control number of times can be increased when falling ill serious, during spray medicine prevention and elimination of disease and pests, must implement according to agricultural chemicals and crop safety operational procedure, Multiple Pesticides is used alternatingly, and avoids producing chemical injury of crops and drug resistance damage by disease and insect;
5, intertill and clean tillage: look the timely weeding of weed growth situation in cultivation region, the weeding degree of depth is advisable with 3 ~ 5cm, guarantees that shoot root is injury-free.
Five, gather in the crops in good time
To gather in the crops in time after potato seed maturation, be strictly on guard against damage potato skin during results, be placed on shady and cool dry place after results and dry (epidermis is without moisture), then according to breeder's stock potato seed quality classification standard pack warehouse-in.
Claims (7)
1. virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method, comprise step: 1) produce plantlet in vitro, 2) seedling canopy process, 3) transplantation of seedlings is selected, 4) booth management, 5) gather in the crops in good time, it is characterized in that: described step 2) process of seedling canopy comprises: 1. seedbed process: overhaul green house in time after front stubble potato harvest, soil in cleaning canopy, removes previous crops potato grain and rubbish, then uses carbendazim spraying disinfection to booth; 2. site preparation and fertilization: after plowed soils, applies in the dark soil layer of 20cm by base manure and carbendazim, then leveling, compacting; 3. build subregion: at upper berth, the soil nylon grenadine of leveling, and be divided into the cultivation region of 2 ~ 2.5m with sterile brick, then with sterilization agricultural chemicals, pasteurised completely is carried out to booth, then spread into thickness 6 ~ 8 ㎝ vermiculite; 4. water: plant seedling first 1 day, water to each cultivation region moistening to vermiculite, then strike off loose for vermiculite plane, be divided into lines apart from the guide line of 10 ㎝ with line drawing device.
2. virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) select in transplantation of seedlings, select more than 3 leaves of taking exercise in seeding room, length 5 more than ㎝, healthy and strong free of contamination detoxic seedling, carefully take out from tissue culture bottle, wash medium with water, move into after wrapping and wait to carry moisture-heat preservation in booth; The density of the detoxic seedling chosen according to spacing in the rows 4.5 ~ 5.0 ㎝ planted, every square metre of 200 ~ 220 strains, when planting, detoxic seedling exposes vermiculite surface as well with 2 leaves, and irrigates water of planting in time, builds Small plastic shed, requires shed to tighten pressure tight.
3. virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) process of seedling canopy time 2. site preparation and fertilization in, base manure comprises following composition: urea 0.04kg/ ㎡, superphosphate 0.15kg/ ㎡, potassium sulfate 0.09kg/ ㎡, fertilizer 1.5kg/ ㎡.
4. virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) process of seedling canopy time 2. site preparation and fertilization in, base manure comprises following composition: urea 0.03kg/ ㎡, diammonium phosphate 0.02kg/ ㎡, potassium sulfate 0.09kg/ ㎡, fertilizer 1.5kg/ ㎡.
5. the virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method as described in claim 3,4, is characterized in that: in described urea, N content is 46%, k in described potassium sulfate
2o content is 52%, superphosphate in P
2o
5content is 10%.
6. virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4) booth management comprises: moisturizing thermal protection, pressure seedling, water, the extermination of disease and insect pest, intertill and clean tillage.
7. virus-free basic potato seed hot-house culture method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described pressure seedling carries out pressure seedling when growth of seedling to 5 ~ 6 slice leaf, seedling stays 2 ~ 3 leaves, and when slice leaf of growth of seedling to 4 ~ 5, carry out training vermiculite, thickness is 2 ~ 3 ㎝.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105960975A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Method for self-breeding and culturing potato virus-free ancestor by peasant household |
| CN107439199A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 迪庆州农业科学研究所 | A kind of virus-free potato primary stock efficient breeding method |
| CN111631101A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-08 | 京博农化科技有限公司 | Method for breeding virus-free potato seedlings |
| CN112088764A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
| CN113940246A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Potato original stock breeding matching technology |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105960975A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-09-28 | 甘肃凯凯农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Method for self-breeding and culturing potato virus-free ancestor by peasant household |
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| CN112088764A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-12-18 | 定西马铃薯研究所(普通合伙) | Method for breeding potato breeder seeds by using coconut coir as matrix |
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| CN113940246A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Potato original stock breeding matching technology |
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Application publication date: 20160106 |
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