CN106416711A - Cost-saving synergic mating cultivation method for potatoes planted in winter - Google Patents
Cost-saving synergic mating cultivation method for potatoes planted in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106416711A CN106416711A CN201610879702.0A CN201610879702A CN106416711A CN 106416711 A CN106416711 A CN 106416711A CN 201610879702 A CN201610879702 A CN 201610879702A CN 106416711 A CN106416711 A CN 106416711A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cost-saving synergic mating cultivation method for potatoes planted in winter. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and treating seed potatoes; (2) performing water and fertilizer integrated treatment on the winter-planting potato; (3) treating by applying chemical pesticide to the potatoes planted in winter. According to the cultivation method, the production efficiency of the potatoes is improved, the production cost is lowered, the pesticide dosage is reduced and the use ratio of fertilizer, water and pesticide is increased. According to the cultivation method, the investment is low, the risk is low and the benefit is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato planting technical field, more particularly to a kind of Winter potato cost-saving synergistic corresponding cultivation side
Method.
Background technology
At present, southern Winter potato is one of typical profitable agriculture, and increasing peasant income are played an important role.Just because of
Planting benefit is preferable, causes a large amount of Planting households to imitate plantation, during constantly devoting exclusive attention to output with benefit, Planting household pair one after another
The quality of potato seed is not tight to check on, excessive applying fertilizer, pesticide；These make Winter potato planting cost improve further.According to estimating
Calculate, per mu of Winter potato production cost is 3500 yuan or so, on the one hand the mode of production of this high investment formula reduces plantation
The benefit of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, on the other hand makes potato planting become excessive risk agricultural to a certain extent.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Winter potato cost-saving synergistic is supporting
Cultural method, the cultural method improves the production efficiency of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, reduces production cost and reduce applications of pesticide amount, and energy
Fertilizer, water and pesticide utilization rate is improved, is a kind of cultural method for putting into the low and high efficiency of low, risk.
The purpose of the present invention employs the following technical solutions realization：
A kind of Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching, comprises the following steps：
1) potato seed selection and potato seed are processed：
1-1) healthy seed potato is selected, and reject and rot or potato wedges in spite of illness, be placed in clean, shady and cool, ventilation, dry and comfortable
Room preserves；
1-2) potato seed sterilization：72% agricultural streptomycin is diluted 1500 times, 1500 times of 50% dimethomorph dilution, then will
Streptomycin and dimethomorph after dilution is 1 according to volume ratio:1 is configured to medicinal liquid of sterilizing, and potato seed is placed in sterilization medicinal liquid and is soaked
Bubble 8～12 minutes；
1-3) potato seed stripping and slicing：Prepare two cutting knifes before stripping and slicing, by the alcoholic solution of cutting knife immersion 75% or 0.5% Gao Meng
Disinfection in sour potassium disinfectant solution, during stripping and slicing per knife is cut after a potato seed need by cutting knife immerse sterilization liquid disinfectant, so
After use instead another knife is cut next potato seed, two break bars change sterilization and use, and stripping and slicing principle is to try to utilize apical dominance, stripping and slicing
Square, it is to avoid thinly slice, it is ensured that have 1～2 eye in each potato wedges, each stripping and slicing weight be 25～30 grams, when switching to disease
When potato, rotten potato, to be rejected in time, be treated that the moisture of potato seed otch dries, by dry powder or Gypsum Fibrosum powder：Thiophanate methyl：First
Frost spirit MnZn is 200 according to mass ratio:1:1 mixes, and is then uniformly sprinkling upon on otch；
2) Winter potato water-fertilizer integral is processed：
2-1) ferti-seeding：By step 1-3) in potato seed sowed, the spacing in the rows of plantation is 22 centimetres, line-spacing be
Rice, mu strain number is 4500～5500 plants, and applies 450～550 kgs/acre and compound fertilizer 15-15-15 45 of chicken manure in plantation ditch
～55 kgs/acre, earthing after potato sowing, and by drip irrigation pipe as ridge face, drip irrigation is the direction cloth along potato sowing
Pipe；
2-2) fertilizer treatment：It is also performed to after potato planting irrigate and topdress, topdresses with repeatedly a small amount of principle, divides 6
Carry out for～8 times：First time dressing time is the seeding stage, after emergence rate reaches 70%, afterwards every time dressing time at intervals of 5～
8 days, until period of duration terminates, the rate of fertilizer of whole period of duration was per mu of N：P2O5：K2O is 20 kilograms：15 kilograms：30 is public
Jin；
3) administration of Winter potato chemical pesticide is processed：
Field management：For reducing the amount of application of Winter potato chemical pesticide and application times, must be in field observation, in time
Find primary infection focus, timely medication, the meaningless spray for preventing early stage from not falling ill and causing, if a day gas bar seen by spray needs
Part, especially under conditions of low temperature and high relative humidity, is conducive to the generation of late blight, at this time, it may be necessary to prevent to late blight, when sending out
After existing late blight primary infection focus, per mu spraying 1 bottle of silver hair profit carries out prevention and control, can typically prevent 20～30 days, whole fertility
Phase continuous use 2～3 times.
Preferably, step 1-2) sterilization medicinal liquid often sterilize after 3～4 batch potato seeds and changed.
Preferably, in step 2-1) before also include site preparation and ridging, site preparation and ridging be using Mechanical culture side
Formula.
Preferably, the step 2) in the seeding method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and fertilization mode be using mechanized farming manager
Formula.
Preferably, the step 3) in spraying method be using mechanized farming way to manage.
Preferably, step 2-1) in chicken manure amount of application be 500 kgs/acre.
Preferably, step 2-1) in compound fertilizer 15-15-15 amount of application be 50 kgs/acre.
Compared to existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：
1st, the cultural method that the present invention is provided improves the production efficiency of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, reduces production cost and reduce pesticide and apply
Consumption, and fertilizer, water and pesticide utilization rate can be improved, it is a kind of cultural method for putting into the low and high efficiency of low, risk；
2nd, the cultural method that the present invention is provided, the technology of water-fertilizer integral and entire mechanization is combined, and catches disease
Evil key control period, the production efficiency of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is improve more than 10 times, and the cost on per mu of ground reduces 400-650 unit, with
Shi Jieyue cost of labor, and fertilizer, water and pesticide utilization rate can be improved, it is a kind of cultivation for putting into the low and high efficiency of low, risk
Method.
Specific embodiment
Below, in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further：
A kind of Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching, comprises the following steps：
1) potato seed selection and potato seed are processed：
1-1) potato seed is selected：Rotary health seed potato, and reject and rot or potato wedges in spite of illness, it is placed in clean, shady and cool, logical
Wind, dry and comfortable room preserve；
1-2) potato seed sterilization：72% agricultural streptomycin (20,000,000 unit) is diluted 1500 times, the dilution of 50% dimethomorph
1500 times, then by the streptomycin after dilution and dimethomorph according to volume ratio be:1 is configured to medicinal liquid of sterilizing, if potato seed is rotten obtaining
More, potato seed need to be placed in sterilization medicinal liquid and soak 8～12 minutes, after then cleaning healthy potato seed, be transferred to shady place solarization
Dry, carry out packing after potato skin surface dry, store；Sterilization medicinal liquid is often sterilized after 3～4 batch potato seeds and is changed；
1-3) potato seed stripping and slicing：First carry out disinfection before potato seed stripping and slicing, potato seed be placed in step 1-2) in sterilization medicinal liquid in
Soaking 10 minutes, medicinal liquid is changed after often sterilization 3-4 batch potato seed, also need before stripping and slicing to prepare two cutting knifes, cutting knife is immersed 75%
Alcoholic solution or 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfection solution in disinfection, need per knife is cut after a potato seed during stripping and slicing
Cutting knife is immersed sterilization liquid disinfectant, then use instead another knife is cut next potato seed, two break bars change sterilization and use, stripping and slicing principle
It is to try to utilize apical dominance, stripping and slicing square, it is ensured that in each potato wedges, have 1～2 eye, each stripping and slicing weight is 25-30 gram,
When disease potato, rotten potato is switched to, be rejected in time, after the moisture of potato seed otch dries, by dry powder or Gypsum Fibrosum powder：First
Base thiophanate：Metalaxyl-mn-zn is 200 according to mass ratio:1:1 mixes, and is then uniformly sprinkling upon on otch；Aforesaid operations can
To reduce Winter potato disease incidence.
2) Winter potato water-fertilizer integral is processed：
2-1) ferti-seeding：By step 1-3) in potato seed sowed, the spacing in the rows of plantation is 22 centimetres, line-spacing be
Rice, mu strain number be 4500～5500 plants, and apply in plantation ditch 500 kgs/acre of chicken manure and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer 15-15-15/
Mu, earthing after potato sowing, and by drip irrigation pipe as ridge face, drip irrigation is the direction stringing along potato sowing；
2-2) fertilizer treatment：It is also performed to after potato planting irrigate and topdress, topdresses with repeatedly a small amount of principle, point 6-
Carry out for 8 times：First time dressing time is the seeding stage, after emergence rate reaches 70%, afterwards every time dressing time at intervals of 5～8
My god, until whole period of duration terminates, the rate of fertilizer of whole period of duration is per mu of N：P2O5：K2O is 20 kilograms：15 kilograms：
30 kilograms；Take the Integration of Water into Fertilizer can per mu save fertilizer cost 150-250 unit, save cost of labor 100-150 unit；
Meanwhile, yield more than 17% can be improved compared with traditional flood irrigation.
3) administration of Winter potato chemical pesticide is processed：
Field management：For reducing the amount of application of Winter potato chemical pesticide and application times, must be in field observation, in time
Find primary infection focus, timely medication, the meaningless spray for preventing early stage from not falling ill and causing, if a day gas bar seen by spray needs
Part, especially under conditions of low temperature and high relative humidity, is conducive to the generation of late blight, at this time, it may be necessary to prevent to late blight, when sending out
After existing late blight primary infection focus, per mu spraying 1 bottle of silver hair profit carries out prevention and control, typically can prevent 20-30 days, whole period of duration
Continuous use 2-3 time；Spray number of times 2-3 time can be reduced, drug cost reduces 35-85 unit.
Winter potato from site preparation, ridging, fertilising, sowing, overlay film, cultivation and banking, spray and harvests link using whole
Mechanization is processed.Mechanized farming way to manage can make that sowing is uniform, earthing consistent, it is neat to emerge, save plant, save time, laborsaving, than
Manual work improves work efficiency 16-20 times, and mu reduces more than producing cost 100-150 unit, and is especially advantageous for large area field behaviour
Make.
Embodiment 1-3
Said method is adopted to test respectively using micro potato, one-level potato seed and two grades of potato seeds as the cultural method of potato seed,
Data described in table 1 are per mu yield.
The per mu yield of the different potato seeds of table 1
Embodiment 4-6
Following embodiments 4-6 with the difference of embodiment 1-3 are
Following embodiments with difference in embodiment 1-3 are：Step 2-1) in the amount of application of chicken manure be 450 kgs/acre, multiple
The amount of application of Hefei 15-15-15 is 45 kgs/acre, and table 2 is per mu yield data.
The per mu yield of the different potato seeds of table 2
Embodiment 7-9
Following embodiments with difference in embodiment 1-3 are：Step 2-1) in the amount of application of chicken manure be 550 kgs/acre, multiple
The amount of application of Hefei 15-15-15 is 55 kgs/acre, and table 3 is per mu yield data.
The per mu yield of the different potato seeds of table 3
To sum up, from table 1, table 2, the amount of application for reducing fertilizer can reduce the per mu yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi；Table 1 and table 3 understand,
Increase the amount of application of fertilizer, the per mu yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi will not be dramatically increased, and can increase fertilizer cost.
Contrast test
1. potato seed rotten level contrast test
This test points two groups is carried out, and the potato seed of battery of tests is through step 1-2 before storage) medicament at
Reason, the potato seed of second group of test without chemicals treatment before storage, potato seed rotten level such as table 4.
4 potato seed rotten level of table
As shown in Table 4, the rotten level that disinfects technology, potato seed can be reduced using the present invention.
2. impact of the potato seed disinfection technology to per mu yield
This test is cultivated using said method, has carried out two groups of experiments altogether, and first group of experiment is fully according to upper
The method of stating is cultivated, the potato seed non-disinfection before dicing of second group of experiment, testing result such as table 5.
The impact of 5 disinfection technology of table
| Experiment | Per mu yield (kg) |
| First group | 2652.2 |
| Second group | 2268.6 |
As shown in Table 5, potato seed disinfection before dicing, the yield of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is significantly improved.
3. impact of the stripping and slicing mode to per mu yield
This test is cultivated using said method, has carried out three groups of experiments altogether, and the potato seed of first group of experiment is in stripping and slicing
During retain top bud, the potato seed of second group of experiment retains bottom bud in dicing process, and the potato seed of the 3rd group of experiment is being cut
Retain the mixed bud of top bud and bottom bud, testing result such as table 6 during block.
The impact of 6 stripping and slicing mode of table
4. the impact of fertilization mode
This test has carried out two groups of experiments altogether, and the difference of first group of experiment and second group of experiment is：First group of experiment be
Processed using above-mentioned water-fertilizer integral processing mode, second group of experiment is processed using traditional approach, testing result
As table 7.
The impact of 7 planting patternss of table
As shown in Table 7, for using the more traditional planting patternss of planting type of the present invention, the mu of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is not only increased
Yield, and greatly reduce planting cost.
5. applications of pesticide processing mode contrast
This test is cultivated using said method, has carried out two groups of experiments, the chemical agriculture in first group of experiment altogether
Medicine is that the chemical pesticide of second group of experiment is to adopt conventional pesticide, testing result such as table 8 using silver hair profit.
8 applications of pesticide comparing result of table
| Processing mode | Application times | Cost (unit/mu) |
| Silver hair profit | 2-3 | 90-135 |
| Conventional pesticide | 5-7 | 125-175 |
6. the impact of planting patternss
This test has carried out two groups of experiments altogether, and first group of experiment adopts entire mechanization side according to above-mentioned planting type
Formula is cultivated, and second group of experiment adopts artificial culture, testing result such as table 9.
The testing result of 9 planting type of table
| Experiment | Recruitment cost (unit/mu) |
| Entire mechanization is cultivated | 500-700 |
| Artificial culture | 800-1000 |
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that technical scheme that can be as described above and design, make other various
Corresponding change and deformation, and all these change and deformation should all belong to the protection domain of the claims in the present invention
Within.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
1) potato seed selection and potato seed are processed：
1-1) healthy seed potato is selected, and reject and rot or potato wedges in spite of illness, be placed in clean, shady and cool, ventilation, dry and comfortable room and protect
Deposit；
1-2) potato seed sterilization：72% agricultural streptomycin is diluted 1500 times, 1500 times of 50% dimethomorph dilution, then will dilution
Streptomycin afterwards and dimethomorph are 1 according to volume ratio:1 be configured to sterilize medicinal liquid, by potato seed be placed in sterilization medicinal liquid in soak 8～
12 minutes；
1-3) potato seed stripping and slicing：Prepare two cutting knifes before stripping and slicing, by the alcoholic solution of cutting knife immersion 75% or 0.5% potassium permanganate
Disinfection in disinfectant solution, during stripping and slicing per knife is cut after a potato seed need by cutting knife immerse sterilization liquid disinfectant, Ran Houhuan
With another, knife is cut next potato seed, two break bars change sterilization and use, and stripping and slicing principle is to try to apical dominance is utilized, and stripping and slicing is shown in
Side, it is to avoid thinly slice, it is ensured that in each potato wedges, have 1～2 eye, each stripping and slicing weight be 25～30 grams, when switch to disease potato,
During rotten potato, to be rejected in time, be treated that the moisture of potato seed otch dries, by dry powder or Gypsum Fibrosum powder：Thiophanate methyl：Metalaxyl
MnZn is 200 according to mass ratio:1:1 mixes, and is then uniformly sprinkling upon on otch；
2) Winter potato water-fertilizer integral is processed：
2-1) ferti-seeding：By step 1-3) in potato seed sowed, the spacing in the rows of plantation is 22 centimetres, line-spacing be 60 centimetres,
Mu strain number is 4500～5500 plants, and applies 450～550 kgs/acre and compound fertilizer 15-15-15 45～55 of chicken manure in plantation ditch
Kg/acre, earthing after potato sowing, and by drip irrigation pipe as ridge face, drip irrigation is the direction stringing along potato sowing；
2-2) fertilizer treatment：It is also performed to after potato planting irrigate and topdress, topdresses with repeatedly a small amount of principle, divides 6～8 times
Carry out：First time dressing time is the seeding stage, after emergence rate reaches 70%, afterwards every time dressing time at intervals of 5～8 days,
Until period of duration terminates, the rate of fertilizer of whole period of duration is per mu of N：P2O5：K2O is 20 kilograms：15 kilograms：30 kilograms；
3) administration of Winter potato chemical pesticide is processed：
Field management：For reducing amount of application and the application times of Winter potato chemical pesticide, must be found in field observation in time
Primary infection focus, timely medication, the meaningless spray for preventing early stage from not falling ill and causing, if spray needs to see weather condition, especially
Which is the generation for being conducive to late blight under conditions of low temperature and high relative humidity, at this time, it may be necessary to late blight is prevented, late when finding
After epidemic disease primary infection focus, per mu spraying 1 bottle of silver hair profit carries out prevention and control, can typically prevent 20～30 days, and whole period of duration is even
Continuous medication 2～3 times.
2. Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1-2)
Sterilization medicinal liquid often sterilize after 3～4 batch potato seeds and changed.
3. Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2-
1) before also include site preparation and ridging, site preparation and ridging be using Mechanical culture mode.
4. Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the step 2) in
The seeding method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi and fertilization mode be using mechanized farming way to manage.
5. Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, the step 3) in spray side
Formula be using mechanized farming way to manage.
6. Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2-1)
In chicken manure amount of application be 500 kgs/acre.
7. Winter potato cost-saving synergistic cultivation method for matching according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2-1)
In compound fertilizer 15-15-15 amount of application be 50 kgs/acre.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107155813A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Desert Oasis potato under-film drip irrigation deficit irrigation method |
| CN107211681A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-29 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of low efficient winter-planting potato water-fertilizer integral implantation methods |
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| CN103430674A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-12-11 | 惠东县奕达农贸有限公司 | Cost saving and yield increase fertilizer application method for potato winter planting in South |
| CN103975743A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-13 | 榆林市土壤肥料工作站 | Planting method for improving yield of moisture soil summer potatoes |
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| CN105210622A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-01-06 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of Winter potato frost prevention high-yield cultivating method |
| JP2016131539A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-25 | 会津富士加工株式会社 | Low potassium-containing fruits and vegetables, and method for culturing them |
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| CN103430674A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-12-11 | 惠东县奕达农贸有限公司 | Cost saving and yield increase fertilizer application method for potato winter planting in South |
| CN103975743A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-08-13 | 榆林市土壤肥料工作站 | Planting method for improving yield of moisture soil summer potatoes |
| JP2016131539A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-25 | 会津富士加工株式会社 | Low potassium-containing fruits and vegetables, and method for culturing them |
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| CN107155813A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Desert Oasis potato under-film drip irrigation deficit irrigation method |
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| CN107211681B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2020-11-20 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Low-cost and high-efficiency water-fertilizer integrated planting method for winter potatoes |
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