CN111955293A - Seedling raising method for improving survival rate of seeds - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for improving survival rate of seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955293A CN111955293A CN202010871877.3A CN202010871877A CN111955293A CN 111955293 A CN111955293 A CN 111955293A CN 202010871877 A CN202010871877 A CN 202010871877A CN 111955293 A CN111955293 A CN 111955293A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of seed seedling culture, and discloses a seedling culture method for improving the survival rate of seeds, which comprises the following steps: 1) seed harvesting, 2) seed treatment, 3) seedling raising plug treatment, 4) seedling raising matrix treatment, 5) seedbed setting, 6) seeding and 7) seedling raising management. The seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of the seeds solves the problems that in the past, most of seedlings are raised in a traditional open field direct seeding mode or in a cold frame, improved cold frames and sunlight greenhouses, due to the influence of simple equipment and natural conditions, the seedlings are long, poor in quality, uneven in size and high in cost, the survival rate of the seedlings is low due to natural disasters such as freezing injury or plant diseases and insect pests, the traditional seedling raising technology only depends on experience, technical errors are large, the seedlings are difficult to master and popularize only depending on the experience, and the survival rate, the yield and the quality of the later-stage seedling raising are directly influenced by the seedling raising method of the seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed seedling culture, in particular to a seedling culture method for improving the survival rate of seeds.
Background
The specific propagule of seeds, gymnosperms and angiosperms is formed by pollination and fertilization of ovules, the seeds generally comprise three parts of seed coats, embryos and endosperms, some mature seeds of the plants only comprise two parts of the seed coats and the embryos, the seeds are a reproduction system of the seed plants and play an important role in continuing species, the seeds are closely related to human life and are the most important part in a planting link, good seeds are the basis of high yield and income, the seeds are usually circular, elliptical, kidney-shaped, oval, conical, polygonal and the like, seedling culture is the meaning of seedling culture, and the original meaning is that seedlings are cultured in nursery gardens, hotbeds or greenhouses for transplanting into the land for planting.
In the past, most of the traditional open field direct seeding mode or the cold frame, improved cold frame and sunlight greenhouse seedling raising are adopted, due to the influence of crude equipment and natural conditions, the seedling raising seedlings are long, poor in quality, uneven in size and high in cost, the seedling raising survival rate is low due to natural disasters such as freezing damage or plant diseases and insect pests, the seedling raising method of the seeds directly influences the seedling raising survival rate, the yield and the quality in the later period, and therefore the seedling raising method for improving the seed survival rate is provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the seedling growing method for improving the survival rate of seeds, which has the advantages of facilitating the control of diseases and pests and improving the survival rate of seedling growing, and solves the problem of low survival rate of seedling growing.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purposes of facilitating the control of diseases and pests and improving the survival rate of seedling culture, the invention aims to provide a seedling culture method for improving the survival rate of seeds, which comprises the following steps:
1) and seed harvesting: selecting a parent plant which is suitable for the local environment, is suitable for age, has dense results and does not have diseases and insect pests as a seed collecting plant, and collecting fruits which are uniform in size, full in particles and free of diseases and insect pests by picking or knocking and picking;
2) and seed treatment: removing pericarp and impurities from the fruits collected in the step 1), taking out seeds, paving the seeds at a flat and ventilated place for drying in the sun, selecting full, tidy and robust seeds by grain selection, screening and winnowing, removing blighted grains, small grains, broken grains, seeds with diseases and insect pests and various impurities, and sterilizing the screened seeds by a dry heat treatment method to obtain seeds to be sowed;
3) and seedling raising plug tray treatment: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, washing the seedling trays clean by clear water, airing, soaking the seedling trays for twelve hours by using 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking the seedling trays for thirty minutes by using 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and thoroughly washing the disinfected seedling trays by clear water and airing;
4) and seedling substrate treatment: the coconut husk after high-temperature retting, the surface soil after disinfection treatment and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 70: 27: 3, fully and uniformly stirring, then placing the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray treated in the step 3), spraying 600-800 times of liquid containing 50% of carbendazim on the seedling raising plug tray, and completely watering the seedling raising substrate;
5) and a seedbed is arranged: arranging a left seedbed and a right seedbed in a standard steel frame greenhouse, reserving an operation channel in the middle, longitudinally arranging six rows of seedling culture hole trays on the seedbeds, wherein the width of the operation channel between the two beds is 0.6m, the distance between the bed and the two side edges of the greenhouse is 0.7m, and paving a thin film on the surfaces of the seedbeds;
6) and seeding: sowing seeds to be sowed obtained by the treatment of the step 2) into seedling raising holes of the seedling raising matrix treated by the step 4), sowing one seed in each seedling raising hole, uniformly covering the seedling raising matrix on the surface of the seeds, and watering properly;
7) and seedling management: controlling the seedling raising temperature to be between 15 and 25 ℃, ensuring sufficient sunlight, spraying water for multiple times in the seedling emergence period, keeping a bud bed moist, carrying out reseeding treatment on seedling raising holes where seedlings lack and die, paying attention to rat-proofing seeds for feeding, spraying water once every 3 to 5 days according to soil conditions when the seedlings grow to be 5 to 10cm high, spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil in the seedling period, preventing diseases, spraying and killing chemicals such as pyrethrin and deltamethrin to prevent and control from seedling emergence to growth stop according to insect pest conditions, and removing weeds on the seedling raising bed in time.
Preferably, the shape of the hole of the seedling raising hole tray in the step 3) is a square inverted trapezoid, a black hole tray is selected in winter and spring, and a silver gray hole tray is selected in summer and autumn.
Preferably, the surface soil subjected to the disinfection treatment in the step 4) is soil without melon and vegetable planting for 2 to 3 years, and the organic fertilizer in the step 4) is a fertilizer with an organic matter content of not less than 30% or chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure subjected to high-temperature composting.
Preferably, the standard steel frame greenhouse in the step 5) is 6m wide, 1.8m high and 20m long, the surface of the greenhouse is covered with a film, a sunshade net and an insect-proof net, the seedbed in the step 5) is 2m wide, and the pH value of the water in the step 7) is in the range of 5.0-6.5.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seeds, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of the seeds comprises the steps of 1) and 2), selecting high-quality seeds suitable for local environment planting, rejecting blighted grains, small grains, broken grains and seeds with diseases and insect pests, avoiding the unqualified seeds from generating adverse effects on other seeds in the seedling raising process, treating the seeds by sunlight exposure and dry heat treatment methods, promoting the after-ripening of the seeds and the activity of enzymes, reducing the content of substances for inhibiting germination in the seeds, achieving the effects of improving the germination rate and sterilizing, and treating a seedling raising plug tray and a seedling raising substrate by the steps of 3) and 4), so that pathogenic bacteria and ova remained in the seedling raising plug tray and the seedling raising substrate are cleaned and sterilized, and the seeds are prevented from being influenced by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, weeds, soil-borne viruses, underground pests or rodents in soil in the planting process.
2. This method of growing seedlings of improvement seed survival rate, through laying one deck film on seedbed surface in step 5), play and moisturize, prevent seedling cluster root and unnecessary moisture and the purpose of nutrient solution infiltration underground, select black cave dish in winter and spring through step 4), can absorb more solar energy, make the root temperature increase, and select silver gray cave dish in summer and autumn, can be with reflecting more light, avoid the root high temperature, can reduce the seed and receive the influence of plant diseases and insect pests at the in-process of growing seedlings through the management of growing seedlings of step 7), thereby reached and made things convenient for the prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests, improve the purpose of the survival rate of growing seedlings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: a seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seeds comprises the following steps:
1) and seed harvesting: selecting a parent plant which is suitable for the local environment, is suitable for age, has dense results and does not have diseases and insect pests as a seed collecting plant, and collecting fruits which are uniform in size, full in particles and free of diseases and insect pests by picking or knocking and picking;
2) and seed treatment: removing pericarp and impurities from the fruits collected in the step 1), taking out seeds, paving the seeds at a flat ventilated place for drying in the sun, selecting full, tidy and robust seeds by a grain selection, screening and winnowing method, removing blighted grains, small grains, broken grains, seeds with diseases and insect pests and various impurities, spraying a certain amount of liquid medicine on the screened seeds, piling the seeds together after the liquid medicine is absorbed by the seeds, covering the seeds with a covering material, and piling the seeds for a certain time to obtain seeds to be sowed;
3) and seedling raising plug tray treatment: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, washing the seedling trays clean by clear water, airing, soaking the seedling trays for twelve hours by using 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking the seedling trays for thirty minutes by using 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and thoroughly washing the disinfected seedling trays by clear water and airing;
4) and seedling substrate treatment: the coconut husk after high-temperature retting, the surface soil after disinfection treatment and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 70: 27: 3, fully and uniformly stirring, then placing the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray treated in the step 3), spraying 600 times of carbendazim solution with the content of 50% to the seedling raising plug tray, and completely watering the seedling raising substrate;
5) and a seedbed is arranged: arranging a left seedbed and a right seedbed in a standard steel frame greenhouse, reserving an operation channel in the middle, longitudinally arranging six rows of seedling culture hole trays on the seedbeds, wherein the width of the operation channel between the two beds is 0.6m, the distance between the bed and the two side edges of the greenhouse is 0.7m, and paving a thin film on the surfaces of the seedbeds;
6) and seeding: sowing seeds to be sowed obtained by the treatment of the step 2) into seedling raising holes of the seedling raising matrix treated by the step 4), sowing one seed in each seedling raising hole, uniformly covering the seedling raising matrix on the surface of the seeds, and watering properly;
7) and seedling management: controlling the seedling raising temperature to be 15 ℃, ensuring sufficient sunlight, spraying water for multiple times in the seedling emergence period, keeping a bud bed moist, timely performing reseeding treatment on seedling raising holes of dead seedlings lacking seedlings, paying attention to rat-proof seeds for feeding, spraying water for every 3 to 5 days according to soil conditions when the seedlings grow to be 5 to 10cm high, spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil in the seedling period, preventing diseases, spraying agents such as pyrethrin and deltamethrin for preventing and controlling from seedling emergence to growth stop according to insect pest conditions, and simultaneously timely removing weeds on the seedling raising bed.
According to the seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of the seeds, the seed treatment method in the step 2) is changed, so that the seeds can be sterilized without special equipment, only the liquid medicine with higher concentration prepared by adding water into the medicament is mixed with the seeds and covered for a certain time, and the seedling raising method is simple and convenient to operate and high in efficiency.
Example two: a seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seeds comprises the following steps:
1) and seed harvesting: selecting a parent plant which is suitable for the local environment, is suitable for age, has dense results and does not have diseases and insect pests as a seed collecting plant, and collecting fruits which are uniform in size, full in particles and free of diseases and insect pests by picking or knocking and picking;
2) and seed treatment: removing pericarp and impurities from the fruits collected in the step 1), taking out seeds, paving the seeds at a flat ventilated place for drying in the sun, selecting full, tidy and robust seeds by a grain selection, screening and winnowing method, removing blighted grains, small grains, broken grains, seeds with diseases and insect pests and various impurities, preparing a water-soluble trace element fertilizer into a solution with a certain concentration, spraying the solution on the seeds, stirring uniformly to make the outer surfaces of the seeds be stained with a layer of solution, piling for 3 to 4 hours in a stuffy way, and drying in the sun to obtain seeds to be sowed;
3) and seedling raising plug tray treatment: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, washing the seedling trays clean by clear water, airing, soaking the seedling trays for twelve hours by using 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking the seedling trays for thirty minutes by using 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and thoroughly washing the disinfected seedling trays by clear water and airing;
4) and seedling substrate treatment: the coconut husk after high-temperature retting, the surface soil after disinfection treatment and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 70: 27: 3, fully and uniformly stirring, then placing the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray treated in the step 3), spraying 700 times of carbendazim solution with the content of 50% to the seedling raising plug tray, and completely watering the seedling raising substrate;
5) and a seedbed is arranged: arranging a left seedbed and a right seedbed in a standard steel frame greenhouse, reserving an operation channel in the middle, longitudinally arranging six rows of seedling culture hole trays on the seedbeds, wherein the width of the operation channel between the two beds is 0.6m, the distance between the bed and the two side edges of the greenhouse is 0.7m, and paving a thin film on the surfaces of the seedbeds;
6) and seeding: sowing seeds to be sowed obtained by the treatment of the step 2) into seedling raising holes of the seedling raising matrix treated by the step 4), sowing one seed in each seedling raising hole, uniformly covering the seedling raising matrix on the surface of the seeds, and watering properly;
7) and seedling management: controlling the seedling raising temperature to be 20 ℃, ensuring sufficient sunlight, spraying water for multiple times in the seedling emergence period, keeping a bud bed moist, timely performing reseeding treatment on seedling raising holes of dead seedlings lacking seedlings, paying attention to rat-proof seeds for feeding, spraying water for every 3 to 5 days according to soil conditions when the seedlings grow to be 5 to 10cm high, spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil in the seedling period, preventing diseases, spraying agents such as pyrethrin and deltamethrin for preventing and controlling from seedling emergence to growth stop according to insect pest conditions, and simultaneously timely removing weeds on the seedling raising bed.
According to the seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of the seeds, the defect that the soil cannot meet the requirement of crops on trace elements can be overcome by changing the seed treatment method in the step 2), the cultivation of strong seedlings is promoted, and the disease and insect resistance of the plants is improved.
Example three: a seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seeds comprises the following steps:
1) and seed harvesting: selecting a parent plant which is suitable for the local environment, is suitable for age, has dense results and does not have diseases and insect pests as a seed collecting plant, and collecting fruits which are uniform in size, full in particles and free of diseases and insect pests by picking or knocking and picking;
2) and seed treatment: removing pericarp and impurities from the fruits collected in the step 1), taking out seeds, paving the seeds at a flat ventilated place for drying in the sun, selecting full, tidy and robust seeds by grain selection, screening and winnowing, removing blighted grains, small grains, broken grains, seeds with diseases and insect pests and various impurities, and sterilizing the screened seeds by a hot water seed soaking method to obtain seeds to be sowed;
3) and seedling raising plug tray treatment: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, washing the seedling trays clean by clear water, airing, soaking the seedling trays for twelve hours by using 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking the seedling trays for thirty minutes by using 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and thoroughly washing the disinfected seedling trays by clear water and airing;
4) and seedling substrate treatment: the coconut husk after high-temperature retting, the surface soil after disinfection treatment and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 70: 27: 3, fully and uniformly stirring, then placing the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray treated in the step 3), spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution with the content of 50% to the seedling raising plug tray, and completely watering the seedling raising substrate;
5) and a seedbed is arranged: arranging a left seedbed and a right seedbed in a standard steel frame greenhouse, reserving an operation channel in the middle, longitudinally arranging six rows of seedling culture hole trays on the seedbeds, wherein the width of the operation channel between the two beds is 0.6m, the distance between the bed and the two side edges of the greenhouse is 0.7m, and paving a thin film on the surfaces of the seedbeds;
6) and seeding: sowing seeds to be sowed obtained by the treatment of the step 2) into seedling raising holes of the seedling raising matrix treated by the step 4), sowing one seed in each seedling raising hole, uniformly covering the seedling raising matrix on the surface of the seeds, and watering properly;
7) and seedling management: controlling the seedling raising temperature to be 25 ℃, ensuring sufficient sunlight, spraying water for many times in the seedling emergence period, keeping a bud bed moist, timely performing reseeding treatment on seedling raising holes of dead seedlings lacking seedlings, paying attention to rat-proof seeds for feeding, spraying water for every 3 to 5 days according to soil conditions when the seedlings grow to be 5 to 10cm high, spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil in the seedling period, preventing diseases, spraying agents such as pyrethrin and deltamethrin for preventing and controlling from seedling emergence to growth stop according to insect pest conditions, and simultaneously timely removing weeds on the seedling raising bed.
The surface soil subjected to disinfection treatment in the step 4) is soil without melon and vegetable planting for 2 to 3 years, and the organic fertilizer in the step 4) is fertilizer with the organic matter content not less than 30 percent or chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure after high-temperature composting.
The standard steel frame greenhouse in the step 5) is 6m wide, 1.8m high and 20m long, the surface of the greenhouse is covered with a film, a sunshade net and an insect-proof net, the seedbed in the step 5) is 2m wide, and the pH value of water in the step 7) is in the range of 5.0-6.5.
According to the seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of the seeds, the seed treatment method in the step 2) is changed, so that the seeds can be sterilized without special equipment, and a medicament does not need to be purchased, so that the sterilization cost is low.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of the seeds comprises the steps of 1) and 2) selecting high-quality seeds suitable for local environment planting, rejecting blighted grains, small grains, broken grains and seeds with diseases and insect pests, avoiding the unqualified seeds from generating adverse effects on other seeds in the seedling raising process, treating the seeds by sunlight exposure and dry heat treatment methods, promoting the after-ripening of the seeds and the activity of enzymes, reducing the content of substances for inhibiting germination in the seeds, achieving the effects of improving the germination rate and sterilizing, treating a seedling raising plug tray and a seedling raising substrate by the steps of 3) and 4), cleaning and sterilizing pathogenic bacteria and ova remained in the seedling raising plug tray and the seedling raising substrate, avoiding the seeds from being influenced by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, weeds, soil-borne viruses, underground pests or rodents in soil in the planting process, paving a layer of film on the surface of a seedbed in the step 5), play the moisturizing, prevent seedling cluster root and unnecessary moisture and the underground purpose of nutrient solution infiltration, through selecting black cave dish in winter and spring in step 4), can absorb more solar energy, make the root temperature increase, and select silver grey cave dish in summer and autumn, can be with the more light of reflection, avoid the root high temperature, the management of growing seedlings through step 7) can reduce the seed and receive the influence of plant diseases and insect pests at the in-process of growing seedlings, thereby reached and made things convenient for the prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests, improve the purpose of the survival rate of growing seedlings.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and seed harvesting: selecting a parent plant which is suitable for the local environment, is suitable for age, has dense results and does not have diseases and insect pests as a seed collecting plant, and collecting fruits which are uniform in size, full in particles and free of diseases and insect pests by picking or knocking and picking;
2) and seed treatment: removing pericarp and impurities from the fruits collected in the step 1), taking out seeds, paving the seeds at a flat and ventilated place for drying in the sun, selecting full, tidy and robust seeds by grain selection, screening and winnowing, removing blighted grains, small grains, broken grains, seeds with diseases and insect pests and various impurities, and sterilizing the screened seeds by a dry heat treatment method to obtain seeds to be sowed;
3) and seedling raising plug tray treatment: firstly, removing residual matrix in seedling trays, washing the seedling trays clean by clear water, airing, soaking the seedling trays for twelve hours by using 500 times of carbendazim solution or soaking the seedling trays for thirty minutes by using 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and thoroughly washing the disinfected seedling trays by clear water and airing;
4) and seedling substrate treatment: the coconut husk after high-temperature retting, the surface soil after disinfection treatment and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 70: 27: 3, fully and uniformly stirring, then placing the mixture into the seedling raising plug tray treated in the step 3), spraying 600-800 times of liquid containing 50% of carbendazim on the seedling raising plug tray, and completely watering the seedling raising substrate;
5) and a seedbed is arranged: arranging a left seedbed and a right seedbed in a standard steel frame greenhouse, reserving an operation channel in the middle, longitudinally arranging six rows of seedling culture hole trays on the seedbeds, wherein the width of the operation channel between the two beds is 0.6m, the distance between the bed and the two side edges of the greenhouse is 0.7m, and paving a thin film on the surfaces of the seedbeds;
6) and seeding: sowing seeds to be sowed obtained by the treatment of the step 2) into seedling raising holes of the seedling raising matrix treated by the step 4), sowing one seed in each seedling raising hole, uniformly covering the seedling raising matrix on the surface of the seeds, and watering properly;
7) and seedling management: controlling the seedling raising temperature to be between 15 and 25 ℃, ensuring sufficient sunlight, spraying water for multiple times in the seedling emergence period, keeping a bud bed moist, carrying out reseeding treatment on seedling raising holes where seedlings lack and die, paying attention to rat-proofing seeds for feeding, spraying water once every 3 to 5 days according to soil conditions when the seedlings grow to be 5 to 10cm high, spraying carbendazim or chlorothalonil in the seedling period, preventing diseases, spraying and killing chemicals such as pyrethrin and deltamethrin to prevent and control from seedling emergence to growth stop according to insect pest conditions, and removing weeds on the seedling raising bed in time.
2. A seedling raising method for improving seed survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of the hole of the seedling raising hole tray in the step 3) is a square inverted trapezoid, a black hole tray is selected in winter and spring, and a silver gray hole tray is selected in summer and autumn.
3. A seedling raising method for improving seed survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface soil subjected to disinfection treatment in the step 4) is soil without melon and vegetable planting for 2 to 3 years, and the organic fertilizer in the step 4) is fertilizer with the organic matter content not less than 30% or chicken manure, cattle manure and pig manure after high-temperature composting.
4. A seedling raising method for improving seed survival rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the standard steel frame greenhouse in the step 5) is 6m wide, 1.8m high and 20m long, the surface of the greenhouse is covered with a film, a sunshade net and an insect-proof net, the seedbed in the step 5) is 2m wide, and the pH value of water in the step 7) is in the range of 5.0-6.5.
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