CN112136644A

CN112136644A - Preparation method of transplanted seedbed

Info

Publication number: CN112136644A
Application number: CN202011047809.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马玉龙; 顾占杰; 马磊; 米小莲; 赵芬; 马正龙
Original assignee: Guyuan Tianqi Potato Co ltd
Current assignee: Guyuan Tianqi Potato Co ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-15
Filing date: 2017-12-15
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Also published as: CN107889720B; CN112136645A; CN107889720A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of potato breeding, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a transplanted seedbed. The transplanting seedbed is divided into three layers: the bottom layer is nutrient soil, the middle layer is solid culture medium particles, and the upper layer is vermiculite; the nutrient soil consists of a soil part and an organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer is a fertilizer with an insecticidal effect, and the preparation of the fertilizer realizes the harmless treatment of a culture medium and reduces the environmental pollution problem caused by post-treatment; meanwhile, the dosage of the pesticide can be saved by 25-35%, the phytotoxicity and drug resistance of crops are avoided, and the risk of pesticide residue is reduced.

Description

Preparation method of transplanted seedbed

The application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application 201710938441X, the application date of the original application is 2017, 9 and 30, and the invention name is as follows: a transplanting seedbed with insecticidal effect.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of potato breeding, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a transplanted seedbed with an insecticidal effect.

Background art:

the potato stock is the preferable potato seed for modern potato planting, and is obtained by screening high-quality potato seeds, detoxifying the potato seeds, performing virus detection, starting tissue culture and rapid propagation to obtain tissue culture seedlings, performing water culture on the tissue culture seedlings to form strong seedlings, and cutting 10-15cm long high-strong potato seedlings for field planting after 10-15 days. At present, the original stock is obtained by cutting the detoxified seedling on a special substrate in a greenhouse for culture. Because the soil is directly used for planting the detoxified seedlings, the detoxified seedlings are generally difficult to survive or have extremely low survival rate, so that the original stock seeds are generally planted and produced by planting the detoxified seedlings by using a composite matrix consisting of vermiculite, organic fertilizer, soil and the like in an insect-proof net room at present.

The pest control in the breeding process of the original breeder seeds mainly controls aphids and early and late blight. Potato diseases represented by potato late blight and potato early blight seriously affect the yield and quality of potatoes, and become key and difficult points of prevention and control of the potato diseases and pests. Regularly and irregularly spraying, preventing, controlling and preventing imidacloprid, acetamiprid, pirimicarb, abamectin and other medicaments inside and outside a net room and in the surrounding environment, and timely treating the imidacloprid in the aphid migration hazard period; the metalaxyl manganese zinc, the jarosite, the Yinfari, the fast inhibitor, the Kelu and other medicaments are alternately sprayed to prevent, control and prevent the early and late blight. Although the traditional pesticide has a certain effect on preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, improper dosage or improper type of the traditional pesticide easily causes phytotoxicity, crops become more sensitive and are easy to generate drug resistance, and meanwhile, the potential threat of pesticide residues to the environment and human beings cannot be ignored.

The organic fertilizer is a fertilizer containing organic substances, which can provide various inorganic nutrients and organic nutrients for crops and can also fertilize and improve soil. Most of them are made of local materials by farmers and accumulated by oneself. Urban pollutants can also be changed into organic fertilizers through treatment. The organic fertilizer replaces inorganic fertilizer or is mixed with the inorganic fertilizer for application, so that the environmental problem can be effectively improved, and the environment and production waste can be effectively utilized to change waste into valuable. Various special crops such as sophora alopecuroide, purslane, selenium-containing fructus trichosanthis, medlar, narrow-leaved oleaster and the like are grown or planted in various areas of Ningxia, wastes generated in the processing process can increase the processing cost and cause environmental burden, and the inherent value of the crops needs to be reasonably processed and developed.

The invention content is as follows:

in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is to provide a transplanted seedbed with insecticidal effect, which is divided into three layers: the bottom layer is nutrient soil, the middle layer is solid culture medium particles, and the upper layer is vermiculite;

the thickness of the nutrient soil is 8-12cm, the thickness of the solid culture medium particles is 1-2cm, and the thickness of the vermiculite is 3-5 cm;

the nutrient soil consists of 60-80 parts of soil part and 50-60 parts of organic fertilizer;

the soil part consists of natural soil and soil in which gramineous plants are planted according to a ratio of 3-4: 0.5-1;

the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with a pesticidal effect and is prepared from the following raw materials:

5-10 parts of sophora alopecuroide, 7-10 parts of selenium-containing fructus trichosanthis stem, 10-15 parts of waste selenium-containing fructus trichosanthis, 10-15 parts of medlar branches and leaves, 10-15 parts of purslane, 3-5 parts of broom cypress, 10-15 parts of oleaster processing waste, 5-10 parts of waste vinasse, 5-7 parts of plant ash, 10-20 parts of manure, 5-10 parts of a solid culture medium and 1-2 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum;

the manure is at least one of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, rabbit manure and horse manure;

the solid culture medium is formed by crushing the waste solid culture medium containing the residual seedlings after the potato seedlings are cut in the culture process;

the fermentation microbial inoculum consists of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes and azotobacter according to the ratio of 1.5:1.5:1.2:1.2: 1;

the fermentation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) sterilizing the processing waste of the sophora alopecuroide, the selenium-containing fructus trichosanthis stem and leaf, the waste selenium-containing fructus trichosanthis, the branches and leaves of the Chinese wolfberry, the purslane, the broom cypress and the oleaster, crushing the disinfected processing waste into 80-100 meshes, and mixing the crushed processing waste and the crushed processing waste;

(2) adding water 1-1.5 times (v: m) of the total weight of the materials in the step (1), adding waste vinasse, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 6-8h at 30-45 ℃ under the conditions of 20-30KHz and 18-20 KW;

(3) adding plant ash, manure, solid culture medium and fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing well, piling into long-strip stacks, turning over for the first time after 7-10 days, fermenting for 10-15 days to reach a rotten state, and naturally cooling for use;

the solid culture medium particles in the middle layer are formed by cutting the discarded solid culture medium after the seedlings of the potato seedlings are cut in the tissue culture process and removing residual seedlings;

preferably, the particles are spherical particles with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm;

the solid culture medium particles can be recycled for 2-3 times.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the middle layer of the seedbed matrix used in the invention is solid culture medium particles, and after vermiculite is partially replaced by the solid culture medium particles, the seedbed cost is reduced by 15-20%, and the yield of the original seeds can be improved to a certain extent, so that the production cost of the original seeds with unit yield is reduced, and the problem of post-treatment of waste culture medium is solved. Therefore, after the waste solid culture medium is prepared into particles serving as a seedbed matrix, the residual nutrient substances, hormones and the like in the waste solid culture medium can be reused, the water binding capacity of the agar particles is high, the water containing capacity of the matrix can be improved, and the solid particles in a certain shape can also play a role in improving air permeability.

(2) The invention utilizes the waste culture medium, realizes the harmless treatment of the culture medium, saves the post-treatment cost of the waste culture medium, and simultaneously reduces the environmental pollution problem caused by the post-treatment.

(3) The organic fertilizer in the seedbed can effectively reduce the using amount of the insecticide by 25-35%, effectively reduce the harm of the insecticide to personnel and environment, avoid crop phytotoxicity and drug resistance, and reduce the risk of pesticide residue.

(4) The seedbed of the invention is used for producing potato breeder seeds, which can improve the selenium content in the breeder seeds by about 10-15 percent and provide the nutritive value and the added value of crops.

(5) The addition of the oleaster processing waste and the vinasse waste in the organic fertilizer can improve the bactericidal performance of the fertilizer, has obvious positive effects on crop disease and pest resistance, reduces the disposal cost of industrial waste and the caused environmental burden, and changes waste into valuable.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a bar graph of relative survival;

FIG. 2 is a bar graph of relative nodule rates;

FIG. 3 is a relative average single particle weight histogram;

FIG. 4 is a bar graph of relative selenium content.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present patent and are not intended to limit the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1 cultivation of tissue culture seedlings of Potato

(1) Shoot tip seedling culture

Selecting healthy potato, treating terminal bud or lateral bud together with partial petiole and stem segment in 70% alcohol for 30s, soaking in 10% bleaching powder solution for 5-10min, and washing with sterile water twice or three times;

after disinfection, the stem bud is peeled off under a binocular dissecting mirror of 10-40 times, the stem bud is pressed by a pair of tweezers on one hand, the young leaf and the large leaf primordium are peeled off by a dissecting needle on the other hand until a bright growing point is exposed, the small stem tip with one or two leaf primordiums is cut off by a dissecting knife and is quickly inoculated on a stem tip seedling culture medium for culture, the culture temperature is (25 +/-2) DEG C, the illumination intensity is 1000lx 4 weeks before, the illumination intensity is increased to 2000 lx 3000lx 4 weeks after, the illumination is 16h every day, and the seedling is grown into a seedling after 4-6 weeks, namely a stem tip seedling;

carrying out virus detection on the stem tip seedlings, and using the non-toxic seedlings for cutting and expanding propagation;

the stem tip seedling culture medium comprises the following components: MS culture +1.5 mg/L6-BA +0.1-0.5mg/L NAA +3mg/L penicillin +80mg/L sodium hypochlorite +15g/L sucrose +3.5g/L agar, pH5.8;

(2) cutting propagation

Cutting a stem section (cut section) with one leaf from the nontoxic seedling to a propagation medium for culturing, continuously irradiating at 25-28 ℃ under the illumination condition of 1000-;

the propagation medium comprises: MS culture +1 mg/L6-BA +0.3mg/L NAA +3mg/L penicillin +80mg/L sodium hypochlorite +15g/L sucrose +3.5g/L agar, pH5.8;

(3) tissue culture

Cutting a stem section (cutting section) with a leaf from the propagation-expanded seedling into a tissue culture medium for culture, culturing at 18-20 ℃, with the illumination intensity of 3000-4000 lx and the illumination time of about 20h every day, selecting potato seedlings with thick and strong roots and healthy colors after culturing for 20-30d, taking out, cutting off fibrous roots, washing off the culture medium attached to the roots, and transplanting the potato seedlings to produce potato breeder seeds.

The tissue culture medium consists of: MS culture +1 mg/L6-BA +0.3mg/L NAA +3mg/L penicillin +80mg/L sodium hypochlorite +15g/L sucrose, pH5.8.

Example 2A transplanting seedbed for producing potato stock

(1) Seedbed arrangement

The transplanting seedbed is divided into three layers: the bottom layer is nutrient soil with the thickness of 8cm, the middle layer is solid culture medium particles with the thickness of 1cm, and the upper layer is vermiculite with the thickness of 3 cm;

after the nutrient soil is laid, each 667m²Using 50% phoxim EC 250ml, 72% agricultural streptomycin SPX250ml, 50% carbendazim WP 250g to process soil, then rotary tillage, rolling and leveling;

paving a 40-mesh nylon screen on the leveled soil, and paving solid culture medium particles on the screen;

spreading 20 mesh nylon screen on the solid culture medium particles, spreading vermiculite on the screen, each 667m²Applying 10 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer into the vermiculite, fully stirring and uniformly mixing;

(2) nutrient soil

The nutrient soil consists of 60 parts of soil part and 50 parts of organic fertilizer;

the soil part consists of natural soil and soil in which gramineous plants are planted according to a ratio of 3: 0.5;

the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials:

5 parts of sophora alopecuroide, 7 parts of selenium-containing fructus amomi rattan, 10 parts of waste selenium-containing fructus amomi, 10 parts of medlar branches and leaves, 10 parts of purslane, 3 parts of broom cypress, 10 parts of oleaster processing waste, 5 parts of waste vinasse, 5 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of manure, 5 parts of a solid culture medium and 1 part of a zymogen agent;

the manure is prepared by mixing chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, rabbit manure and horse manure according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1;

the solid culture medium is formed by crushing the solid culture medium remained after the cutting in the step (2) and the solid culture medium remained after the cutting in the step (3) in the embodiment 1;

the fermentation method comprises the following specific steps:

(2) adding water which is 1 time (v: m) of the total weight of the materials in the step (1), adding waste vinasse, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours under the conditions of 30 ℃, 20KHz and 18 KW;

(3) adding plant ash, manure, solid culture medium and fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing well, piling into long-strip stacks, turning over for the first time after 7 days, fermenting for 10 days to reach a rotten state, and naturally cooling for use;

(3) middle layer solid culture medium particle

The middle-layer solid culture medium particles are prepared by removing residual seedlings from the solid culture medium left after the cutting in the step (2) and the solid culture medium left after the cutting in the step (3) in the embodiment 1 and granulating;

the particles are round spherical particles with the diameter of 0.5 cm;

the solid culture medium particles can be recycled for 3 times.

Example 3A transplanting seedbed for producing potato stock

(1) Seedbed arrangement

The transplanting seedbed is divided into three layers: the bottom layer is nutrient soil with the thickness of 12cm, the middle layer is solid culture medium particles with the thickness of 2cm, and the upper layer is vermiculite with the thickness of 5 cm;

after the nutrient soil is laid, each 667m²Using 50% phoxim EC 250ml, 72% agricultural streptomycin SPX250ml, 75% chlorothalonil WP 250g to process soil, then rotary tillage, rolling and leveling;

(2) nutrient soil

The nutrient soil consists of 80 parts of soil part and 60 parts of organic fertilizer;

the soil part consists of natural soil and soil in which gramineous plants are planted according to a ratio of-4: 1;

the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials:

10 parts of sophora alopecuroide, 10 parts of selenium-containing fructus amomi rattan, 15 parts of waste selenium-containing fructus amomi, 15 parts of medlar branches and leaves, 15 parts of purslane, 5 parts of broom cypress, 15 parts of oleaster processing waste, 10 parts of waste vinasse, 7 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of manure, 10 parts of solid culture medium and 2 parts of zymogen agent;

the manure is chicken manure;

the solid culture medium is formed by crushing the solid culture medium left after the cutting in the step (2) and the solid culture medium left after the cutting in the step (3) in the embodiment 1;

the fermentation method comprises the following specific steps:

(2) adding water which is 1.5 times (v: m) of the total weight of the materials in the step (1), adding waste vinasse, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at 45 ℃, 30KHz and 20 KW;

(3) adding plant ash, manure, solid culture medium and fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing well, piling into long-strip stacks, turning over for the first time after 10 days, fermenting for 15 days to reach a rotten state, and naturally cooling for use;

(3) middle layer solid culture medium particle

the particles are polygonal particles with the side length of about 0.5 cm;

the solid culture medium particles can be recycled for 3 times.

Example 4A transplanting seedbed for producing potato stock

(1) Seedbed arrangement

The transplanting seedbed is divided into three layers: the bottom layer is nutrient soil with the thickness of 10cm, the middle layer is solid culture medium particles with the thickness of 2cm, and the upper layer is vermiculite with the thickness of 4 cm;

(2) nutrient soil

The nutrient soil consists of 70 parts of soil part and 55 parts of organic fertilizer;

the soil part consists of natural soil and soil in which gramineous plants are planted according to a ratio of 3.5: 0.75;

the organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials:

7 parts of sophora alopecuroide, 8 parts of selenium-containing fructus amomi rattan, 12 parts of waste selenium-containing fructus amomi, 12 parts of medlar branches and leaves, 12 parts of purslane, 4 parts of broom cypress, 12 parts of oleaster processing waste, 8 parts of waste vinasse, 6 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of manure, 8 parts of a solid culture medium and 2 parts of a zymogen agent;

the manure is prepared by mixing pig manure and cow manure in equal amount;

the fermentation method comprises the following specific steps:

(2) adding water which is 1.2 times (v: m) of the total weight of the materials in the step (1), adding waste vinasse, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 7 hours at 37 ℃, 25KHz and 20 KW;

(3) adding plant ash, manure, solid culture medium and fermentation microbial inoculum, mixing uniformly, piling into long-strip stacks, turning over for the first time after 8 days, fermenting for 13 days to reach a rotten state, and naturally cooling for use;

(3) middle layer solid culture medium particle

the particles are spherical particles with the diameter of about 0.5 cm;

the solid culture medium particles can be recycled for 2 times.

Example 5A method for producing a stock seed of potato

(1) And (3) disinfection: before transplanting, the soil and the matrix are thoroughly disinfected, sterilized and insecticidal treated by using a disinfectant, so that the soil is strictly prevented from spreading diseases and insect pests;

(2) watering: uniformly watering the vermiculite one day before transplanting to ensure that the water holding capacity of the vermiculite reaches a saturated state;

(3) transplanting: the potato seedlings prepared in example 1 were planted in the vermiculite beds of examples 2 to 4 in a horizontal manner so that 2 to 3 leaves were exposed at the head of the seedlings and the row spacing was 3X 10cm (280-330 plants/m)²)；

(4) Watering, pesticide application and film covering: uniformly sprinkling water after transplanting the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are fully contacted with the seedbed; spraying 52.5% of fast-cleaning WP 1800-time liquid or 70% of mancozeb WP 1000-time liquid for sterilization and protection, then building a small shed for covering a film, covering a sunshade net, preserving moisture and heat, and ensuring that transplanted detoxified seedlings survive;

(5) temperature management: keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 23-25 ℃ within 7-10 days after transplanting; when 3-5 new roots grow on the seedlings and the overground part has obvious growth vigor, the film is removed, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are enhanced, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted; uncovering the sunshade net 2-3 days after stem pressing, uncovering the sunshade net 5 pm in sunny days, and covering the sunshade net again about 10 am in the next day to prevent direct illumination and sun drying, and uncovering the sunshade net completely 3-5 days repeatedly; after the film is uncovered and the net is uncovered, 500-600 times of metalaxyl manganese zinc 58% wettable powder is sprayed, 52.5% fast-curing WP1800 times of liquid and Yinfeili are alternately sprayed for a plurality of times, early and late blight is prevented and controlled, one of the three pesticides is selected to be sprayed once every 7-10 days, the dosage of the metalaxyl manganese zinc 58% wettable powder is 52 g/mu/time, the dosage of the 52.5% fast-curing WP is 30 g/mu/time, the dosage of the Yinfeili is 40 mL/mu/time, and 5% Fangzhi forest missible oil is sprayed for 40 g/mu/time every 5-7 days;

(6) water content management: replenishing water in time according to the moisture condition of the seedbed before uncovering the film, wherein the water replenishing time is carried out in the morning or evening, so that the water holding capacity of the substrate is kept at about 85 percent; water is replenished once before and after stem pressing, and then water is replenished in time according to the moisture condition of the matrix, so that the water holding capacity of the matrix is kept at 60-70%; stopping watering 10-15 days before harvesting to promote potato skin aging.

(7) Pressing stems: in order to increase the number of stolons and increase the number of single-plant tuber bearing, when seedlings grow to about 5cm, 1-2 branches of the stems are pressed into a matrix, so that 2-3 leaves are exposed at the seedling heads; squeezing is preferably performed in the afternoon.

(8) Controlling overgrowth: when the plant grows excessively, the plant height is 20-25cm, and the coverage rate of the light layer reaches more than 95%, spraying paclobutrazol or chlormequat chloride 0.2% for 1-2 times to control overgrowth of the overground part;

(9) harvesting: harvesting in time when the leaves at the middle and lower parts of the plant become yellow, sterilizing with cyazofamid (Kejia) or copper sulfate 10-15 days before harvesting, and stopping watering.

EXAMPLE 6 Effect test

The potato seedling cultivation methods used in the following experimental examples and comparative examples for producing the stock seeds are the methods described in example 1, and the methods for producing the stock seeds are the methods described in example 5, and the adopted transplanting seedbeds are as follows;

experimental example 1: using the transplant seedbed described in example 2;

experimental example 2: using the transplant seedbed described in example 3;

experimental example 3: using the transplant seedbed described in example 4;

comparative example 1: the organic fertilizer transplanted to the seedbed is used as the organic fertilizer of the embodiment 2, the solid culture medium is removed, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 2;

comparative example 2: the organic fertilizer transplanted to the seedbed is used as the organic fertilizer of the embodiment 3, the solid culture medium is removed, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 3;

comparative example 3: the organic fertilizer transplanted to the seedbed is used as the organic fertilizer of the embodiment 4, the solid culture medium is removed, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 4;

the experimental result shows that the survival rate of the comparative example is not remarkably changed compared with that of the experimental example, but the number of grains and the yield can be improved by 5-10%, meanwhile, the cost of the seedbed is reduced by 15-20%, and obviously, the soil fertility can be increased by adding the waste culture medium in the organic fertilizer fermentation process, so that the yield of the original stock is improved to a certain extent, the production cost of the original stock with unit yield is reduced on one hand, and the problem of post-treatment of the waste culture medium is solved on the other hand. Therefore, after the waste solid culture medium is used for fermenting the organic fertilizer, the residual nutrient substances, hormone and the like in the waste solid culture medium can be reused, the water-holding capacity of the agar particles is strong, the water-containing capacity of the soil can be improved, and the solid particles in a certain shape can also play a role in increasing the air permeability.

EXAMPLE 7 test Effect

The following experimental examples and comparative examples for producing potato breeder seeds are not specifically described, and the methods for growing potato seedlings used are the methods described in example 1, and the methods for producing breeder seeds are the methods described in example 5, with the following differences;

experimental example 1: using the transplant seedbed described in example 4;

comparative example 1: replacing the waste selenium shaggua and the selenium shaggua vines in the organic fertilizer raw materials transplanted to the seedbed in the embodiment 4 with common watermelons and melon vines, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 4;

comparative example 2: replacing oleaster processing waste and waste vinasse in the organic fertilizer raw materials transplanted to the seedbed in the embodiment 4 with equal amount of straws, and the rest is the same as the embodiment 4;

comparative example 3: the organic fertilizer raw material in the embodiment 4 is replaced by a raw material composition A: 23 parts of straw, 24 parts of rice bran, 20 parts of pine branches, 8 parts of bean dregs, 6 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of manure, 8 parts of solid culture medium and 2 parts of zymophyte agent, and the preparation method is unchanged; the dosage of the 58% wettable metalaxyl manganese zinc powder in the method for producing the original breeder seeds (example 5) is 52 g/mu/time, the dosage of 52.5% fast-inhibiting pesticide is 30 g/mu/time, the dosage of the silver faradaic is 40 mL/mu/time, and the dosage is increased to 60 g/mu/time, the dosage of 52.5% fast-inhibiting pesticide is 30 g/mu/time, the dosage of the silver faradaic is 45 mL/mu/time, and the method is the same as the example 4 except that the dosage is increased to 60 g/mu/time;

comparative example 4: replacing the organic fertilizer raw material in the embodiment 4 with a raw material composition A, wherein the dosage of 58% wettable metalaxyl manganese-zinc powder in the method for producing the original stock (embodiment 5) is 52 g/mu/time, the dosage of 52.5% fast-acting pesticide is 30 g/mu/time, and the dosage of the silver fargesic is 40 mL/mu/time, and is increased to 70 g/mu/time, the dosage of 52.5% fast-acting pesticide is 35 g/mu/time, and the dosage of the silver fargesic is 50 mL/mu/time, and the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 4;

comparative example 5: replacing the organic fertilizer raw material in the embodiment 4 with a raw material composition A, wherein the dosage of 58% wettable metalaxyl manganese-zinc powder in the method for producing the original seed (embodiment 5) is 52 g/mu/time, the dosage of 52.5% fast-acting pesticide is 30 g/mu/time, and the dosage of the silver fargesic is 40 mL/mu/time, and is increased to 80 g/mu/time, the dosage of 52.5% fast-acting pesticide is 40 g/mu/time, and the dosage of the silver fargesic is 60 mL/mu/time, and the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 4;

respectively counting the survival rate, the number of nodules, the average unit weight of the grains and the selenium content of the experimental example 1 and the comparative examples 1-5, taking the statistical data of the experimental example 1 as a reference value of 100%, and calculating the relative survival rate, the relative number of the nodules, the relative average unit weight of the grains and the relative selenium content of the comparative examples 1-6 relative to the experimental example 1, wherein the results are shown in figures 1-4;

relative survival rate is the comparative survival rate/experimental example 1 survival rate;

relative grain number is the number of comparative example/experimental example 1;

relative average unit weight is equal to the average unit weight of the comparative example/the average unit weight of experimental example 1;

relative selenium content-comparative selenium content/selenium content in experimental example 1;

as can be seen from the figures 1-4, compared with the comparative example 1, the selenium content in the original seeds can be improved by about 10-15% by adding the selenium-containing muskmelon stems and the waste selenium-containing muskmelons into the organic fertilizer in the experimental example 1; compared with the data of the comparative example 2 and the original stock culture field condition, the method has the advantages that the sterilization effect of the fertilizer can be improved after the oleaster waste and the waste vinasse are added into the fertilizer, and the oleaster waste and the waste vinasse are presumed to promote the release of sterilization components in the raw materials in the ultrasonic process, so that the sterilization effect is enhanced; as can be seen from the experimental example 1 and the comparative examples 3-5, the organic fertilizer with insecticidal action and the conventional organic fertilizer are used for cultivating the potato breeder's stock, and under the condition of reaching the same level of survival rate and yield, the organic fertilizer can reduce the dosage of insecticide by 25-35%.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the patent. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, combinations and improvements can be made in the above embodiments without departing from the patent concept, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the patent. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a transplanted seedbed is characterized in that the transplanted seedbed is divided into three layers: the bottom layer is nutrient soil, the middle layer is solid culture medium particles, and the upper layer is vermiculite;

the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(2) adding water 1-1.5 times the total weight of the materials in the step (1), adding waste vinasse, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 6-8h at 30-45 ℃ under the conditions of 20-30KHz and 18-20 KW;

(3) adding plant ash, manure, solid culture medium and fermentation bacteria agent, mixing, piling into long-strip stacks, turning over for the first time after 7-10 days, fermenting for 10-15 days to reach a thoroughly decomposed state, and naturally cooling for use.

The solid culture medium is formed by crushing the waste solid culture medium containing the residual seedlings after the potato seedlings are cut in the culture process.

2. The method of preparing a transplanted seedbed of claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of said nutrient soil is 8-12cm, the thickness of the solid culture medium particles is 1-2cm, and the thickness of vermiculite is 3-5 cm.

3. The method of producing a transplanted seedbed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid culture medium particles are spherical particles with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm.

4. The method of preparing a transplanted bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said soil part consists of natural soil and soil in which gramineous plants are planted at a ratio of 3-4: 0.5-1.

5. The method for preparing a transplant seedbed of claim 1 wherein the manure is at least one selected from the group consisting of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, rabbit manure, and horse manure.

6. The method for preparing a transplanted seedbed according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentation inoculum consists of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a ratio of 1.5:1.5:1.2:1.2: 1.