CN103975747B - Vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method - Google Patents
Vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method, and to overcome, the multiple crop index existed in melon-fruit-like vegetable anniversary implant model is low, limits throughput, field length standby time, built high in cost of production problem。The present invention fully arranges the crops for rotation of vegetable of lower season to be connected, and utilizes the growth characteristic of different growing stage between vegetable and the requirement to environment, the symbiosis phase between making before and after reasonable arrangement, there are receipts to have kind, reach harvest throughout the year, the plantation of four seasons gourd, fruit and vegetable, raise the multiple-cropping index, increase per mu yield value and income。
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crops for rotation linking under vegetable (melon and fruit class) high multiple crop index and rod-type high-yield culture technique。
Background technology
Existing melon-fruit-like vegetable plantation employing anniversary cropping pattern, was generally for two seasons, namely then in after upper season vegetable results again field arrange and plant next vegetable in season。
The subject matter existed in anniversary implant model is:
One, in anniversary open country plantation melon and fruit dish two season, multiple crop index is low, limits throughput, and the standby time in field is long；
Two, built can only be used 1-2 time, and use cost is high。
Summary of the invention
It is contemplated that overcome the above-mentioned prior art defect of melon-fruit-like vegetable cropping pattern, a kind of vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method is provided, the present invention, by the interplanting technology between crop, fully arranges the crops for rotation linking of vegetable of lower season, utilizes the growth characteristic of different growing stage between vegetable and the requirement to environment, the symbiosis phase between making before and after reasonable arrangement, there are receipts to have kind, reach harvest throughout the year, the plantation of four seasons gourd, fruit and vegetable, raise the multiple-cropping index, increase per mu yield value and income。
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method, it is characterised in that comprise following content:
Screening varieties: according to four seasons climatic characteristic, selects per season at least one varieties of plant, and sets four seasons kind plantation order；
In advance nursery: nursery before a upper season maturation premise, adopts seedbed nursery field transplanting or seeding and seedling raising；
Interplanting is connected: according to crop growth period characteristic, adopts interplanting mode to cultivate next crop before a upper season maturation in original place in season。
Further, the present invention adopts built to plant, and Fruit variety built plantation class crop, built four seasons use。
Further, after this season maturation, pluck in time, clear up climing rattan, for next season maturation kind offer space。
Further, four seasons kind is plucked after terminating, and tears bar, site preparation and fertilization in time open, lies fallow, or adds kind one season leaf vegetables。
The present invention is directed to different melon and fruit veriety growth and environment (humiture) is required difference, open country planting structure distribution is carried out in conjunction with climatic characteristic throughout the year, by the screening to kind, adopt the crops for rotation linking between making before and after interplanting mode reasonable arrangement, carry out the reasonably combined of growth period and space etc. between kind。
Due to outdoor cropping, kind is all set in brickwork melon-fruit-like vegetable, according to climatic characteristic throughout the year: early season temperature is relatively low, and temperature, soil temperature temperature recovery are slow, and plant growth is also slow, and after entering summer, temperature raises；The 7-8 month, is the period that annual temperature is the highest, and after entering JIUYUE, temperature starts to reduce, and after November, quickly enters winter, melon-fruit-like vegetable growth retardation。Therefore in 1 year, the vegetable (such as Fructus Lycopersici esculenti) of temperature is relatively liked in the plantation of one season, the second season plants more resistant to elevated temperatures vegetable (such as Fructus Luffae, Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae), third quarter plantation happiness is the vegetable (such as Semen vignae sinensis) of 22-30 DEG C of growth, then plant more low temperature resistant vegetable (as without muscle bean etc.) fourth season, for ensureing that each melon-fruit-like vegetable has enough growths and ripe results, per season, vegetable was in advance in seedbed nursery, and transplant interplanting in previous crops vegetable in the ranks, start one period of symbiosis phase being independent of each other。While previous crops is gathered in the crops, make also at normal growth afterwards。
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that
One, outdoor cropping, does not need, with facility plastic greenhouse, to save basis and put into。
Two, the plantation four seasons, gather in the crops four seasons vegetable, raise the multiple-cropping index more than 2, increase results product。
Three, bar four dish (built four batches of vegetables of plantation), a built, use for four times, reduce artificial built cost, and change kind of an arable land, tear frame expense open。
Four, economic flow rate is doubled, and the output value improves 1 times, and net earnings improves 100%。
Five, bamboo stem frame, variations in temperature is little, inhales rapid heat dissipation unlike steelframe, is conducive to improving crop quality。
Six, adopting interplanting crop rotation, crop smothering reduces by more than 30%, and soil pest and disease damage reduces by more than 30%, greatly reduces pesticide expenditure。
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
" bar four dish " cropping pattern: Fructus Lycopersici esculenti Fructus Luffae Semen vignae sinensis is without muscle bean。
The first season growing tomatoes
1. Fruit variety: select fruit color annesl fast, the 8898 of the kind such as Israel that setting power is strong。
2. culturing and transplanting seedlings: owing to temperature at the beginning of the year is low, nursery carries out in booth。Seedling raise period in the mid-November of last year, adopt organic substrate nursery (organic substrate can be made by oneself, method be with the animal manures such as pig manure one layer of excrement of one layer of soil and add quick lime mixing retting heap become thoroughly decomposed after)。When using homemade organic substrate, substrate is sterilized, parasite killing, the happy benzene (not injuring the beneficial organisms such as Lumbricus) of executing of parasite killing, sterilization use carbendazim, thiophanate etc.。Before sowing, soaking seed 12 hours, coating, accelerating germination, sowing is sprouted after taking root, and heels in (sucker being colonizated in the dress peat composed of rotten mosses), notes moisturizing, waters, strengthens seedling management, and seedling was transplanted mid-March。Culturable standard, opens railway carriage or compartment 140cm, line-spacing 80cm, and nest is from 50cm, every mu of base fertilizer fertilizer 1000kg, P, each 50kg of K；Full field film mulching and planting。
3. field management: after transplant survival, timely final singling, fills the gaps with seedlings, and after 20 days, uses bamboo stem built, adopts " people " font frame, and bundle consolidation。Topdress: clear liquid dung 1000kg, insect pest preventing and controlling。
4. pluck in time: during solanberry maturation, pluck in time；To July, disposable harvesting during fast undercarriage, cleaning, and provide better growing environment for vegetable of lower season。
The Fructus Luffae plantation second season
1. Fruit variety: Fructus Luffae adaptation is bloomed at higher temperature (20-35 DEG C), result, and kind selects the big kind of little elephant skin, hardness；This veriety is not easily wounded, is easily carried, and meat is thick, quality better, nice kind。
2. culturing and transplanting seedlings: for guarantee Fructus Luffae have higher temperature, seedling raise period to determine in 2 months the period at flowering and fruit bearing, the last ten-days period seedling in greenhouse, container seedling。The homemade organic substrate of seedling medium, and sterilize, parasite killing。Seed, through seed soaking, after coating, inserts 1 centimeter of seedling-raising cup substrate table soil, after cover with fine earth, watering drenched add flat thin film and covers, wait sprout 70-80% time take off film；After emerging, strengthen seedling management and restrain the growth of seedlings, in transplanting at the beginning of 4 months in previous crops (the dish first season) Fructus Lycopersici esculenti row；Culturable standard: nest is from 300cm；Now, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti has grown height, and lower space spares, is available for the growth of Radix Pachyrhizi Erosi Seedling。Due to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height less than 2 meters, and Fructus Luffae is born fruit more than 2 meters, and its space does not disaccord mutually。
3. field management: after transplant survival, topdresses in time, attention control disease pest, keeps main climing growth vigor so that it is main climing many results of blooming more。
4. pluck: to mid-June, Fructus Luffae enters the collecting period, after repeatedly plucking, to by the end of August, pluck and substantially terminate；Cut off tendril in time so that it is terminate growth, provide growing environment for next batch of vegetable again。
Third quarter Semen vignae sinensis plantation
1. Fruit variety: selection tolerance to cold strong (5-8 DEG C), collecting period length, the extremely early variety that yield is high become cowpea 7。
2. culturing and transplanting seedlings: Semen vignae sinensis is bloomed and born pods, temperature, slightly below Fructus Luffae, adapts at 22-30 DEG C；For this, it is determined that the sowing time of Semen vignae sinensis is mid-June。The same Fructus Luffae of method for culturing seedlings, open country nursery, container seedling, when seedling age reaches 30 days, transplant, namely transplant mid-July。Due to the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti undercarriage of now first season, removing, the Fructus Luffae of the second season ties melon in 2m level above, and lower space is spacious, and cowpea seedling growth is very beneficial。
3. field management: July, temperature was high, but have Ramulus Luffae leaf in top sunshade, cowpea seedling growth in bottom is not affected by high temperatures, and adds rich water quality management, and growth of seedling is healthy and strong, and uses original bamboo frame, upwards akala growth。
4. plucking: to mid-August, Semen vignae sinensis enters the collecting period, now go up season Fructus Luffae and terminates soon to pluck, after disposable gathering, cuts off Fructus Luffae tendril, treat here it withers voluntarily, more has favourable space for Semen vignae sinensis grafting bud offer of blooming。
The fourth season plants without muscle bean
1. Fruit variety: selecting tolerance to cold strong (5-8 DEG C), the collecting period is long, what yield was high spends blue or green shell kind in vain。
2. seeding and seedling raising: without muscle bean trophophase adaptive temperature at 5-20 DEG C, therefore the sowing time can be arranged at the beginning of 9 months, now go up season Semen vignae sinensis closely undercarriage, can directly be seeded on Semen vignae sinensis plantation railway carriage or compartment without muscle bean, not in independent nursery。Owing to crop of upper season also exists, field soil humidity is also suitable for germination and emerges；If the Heavenly Stems, can suitably water and drench。Sowing specification: line-spacing adopts original railway carriage or compartment width 80m, and nest is from 30-35cm, and mu is planted about 3000 nests, does not transplant。
3. field management: after germination emerges, timing thinning, fills the gaps with seedlings, and initial bloom stage imposes carbamide 10g/ mu, supplements boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers simultaneously；Every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg of grafting bud phase, notes holding up climing added, carries out insect pest preventing and controlling in time。
4. pluck: blooming October without muscle bean, November gathers, until mid-December, in conjunction with topdressing, extends its collecting period as much as possible。
5. pluck after terminating, tear bar, site preparation and fertilization in time open, lie fallow, optionally also can add kind one season leaf vegetables etc.。
The planting benefit in the present invention " bar four dish " one year, more than 1.6 ten thousand/mu, deducts cost, and nearly 10,000 yuan/mu of net profit, and plantation of common anniversary income 8000 yuan/mu, more than cost 3000 yuan/mu。
Adopting 1 year " bar four dish " technology of solanaceous vegetables of innovation, plant with the common solanaceous vegetables anniversary, make pest and disease damage reduce all in various degree, per mu yield value and economic benefit are doubled and redoubled, and planting cost is substantially reduced。
Claims (3)
1. vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method, it is characterised in that comprise following content:
Screening varieties: according to four seasons climatic characteristic, selects per season at least one varieties of plant, and sets four seasons kind plantation order；
In advance nursery: nursery before a upper season maturation premise, adopts seedbed nursery field transplanting or seeding and seedling raising；
Interplanting is connected: according to crop growth period characteristic, adopts interplanting mode to cultivate next crop before a upper season maturation in original place in season；
Specifically include following steps:
1) the crop-planting first season
Selecting fruit color annesl fast, the tomato variety that setting power is strong is planted as the crop first season；First carrying out Fructus Lycopersici esculenti nursery in booth, seedling raise period, in the mid-November of last year, adopts organic substrate nursery, and described organic substrate is by heaping pig manure and soil according to the order of one layer of excrement of one layer of soil, and the process that retting is become thoroughly decomposed after mixing with quick lime is prepared；Before seeding and growing seedling, first seed soaking is sowed for 12 hours again, and sowing is sprouted after taking root, and is colonizated in the sucker of the dress peat composed of rotten mosses, note moisturizing, water, strengthening seedling management, seedling was transplanted to planting Tanaka mid-March, and its culturable standard is for opening railway carriage or compartment 140cm, line-spacing 80cm, nest is from 50cm, and base fertilizer is every mu of plantation field fertilizer 1000kg, P, each 50kg of K；Full plantation field uses plastic film mulching cultivation；After transplant survival, timely final singling, fill the gaps with seedlings, topdress；During to July, disposable harvesting during fast undercarriage, cleaning, and provide better growing environment for vegetable of lower season；
2) the crop-planting second season
The variety of luffa that little elephant skin, hardness are big is selected to plant as the crop second season；First carrying out Fructus Luffae nursery in booth, seedling raise period is in 2 months, the last ten-days period, adopts aforementioned organic substrate to carry out nursery；Fructus Luffae seed, through seed soaking, after coating, inserts 1 centimeter of substrate table soil in seedling-raising cup, after cover with fine earth, watering drenched add flat thin film and covers, wait sprout 70-80% time take off film；After emerging, strengthen seedling management and restrain the growth of seedlings, in transplanting at the beginning of 4 months to described plantation Tanaka, culturable standard is: nest is from 300cm, now, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti has grown height, lower space spares, is available for the growth of Fructus Luffae Seedling, due to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti plant height less than 2 meters, and Fructus Luffae is born fruit more than 2 meters, its space does not disaccord mutually；After transplant survival, topdress in time, attention control disease pest, keep main climing growth vigor so that it is main climing many results of blooming more；When mid-June, Fructus Luffae enters the collecting period, after repeatedly plucking, substantially terminates to plucking by the end of August；Cut off tendril in time so that it is terminate growth, provide growing environment for next batch of vegetable again；
3) third quarter crop-planting
The extremely early mature cowpea variety that tolerance to cold is strong, collecting period length, yield are high is selected to become cowpea 7 to plant as third quarter crop；Its sowing time is mid-June, its method for culturing seedlings is identical with above-mentioned Fructus Luffae nursery, for open country nursery, container seedling, when seedling age reaches 30 days, by Semen vignae sinensis transplantation of seedlings to described plantation Tanaka, now the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the first season undercarriage, removing, the Fructus Luffae of the second season is at the height Fructus Benincasae chiehquae of more than 2m, and lower space is spacious, and cowpea seedling growth is beneficial；To mid-August, Semen vignae sinensis enters the collecting period, now go up season Fructus Luffae and terminates soon to pluck, after disposable gathering, cuts off Fructus Luffae tendril, treat here it withers voluntarily, more has favourable space for Semen vignae sinensis grafting bud offer of blooming；
4) the crop-planting fourth season
The kind of bean without muscle spending blue or green shell in vain that tolerance to cold is strong, collecting period length, yield are high is selected to plant as the crop fourth season；Its sowing time is at the beginning of 9 months, now goes up season Semen vignae sinensis closely undercarriage, is directly seeded on Semen vignae sinensis plantation railway carriage or compartment without muscle bean, and no longer individually nursery, owing to crop of upper season also exists, field soil humidity is also suitable for germination and emerges；If the Heavenly Stems, carrying out waters drenches, and sowing specification is: line-spacing adopts original railway carriage or compartment width 80m, and nest is from 30-35cm, and mu plants 3000 nests；After germination emerges, timing thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, initial bloom stage imposes carbamide 10g/ mu, supplements boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers, every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg of grafting bud phase simultaneously, note holding up climing added, carrying out insect pest preventing and controlling in time to bloom October without muscle bean, November gathers, until mid-December, in conjunction with topdressing, extend its collecting period as much as possible。
2. vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: adopting built plantation, built four seasons use。
3. vegetable rod-type many seasons multiple cropping method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: four seasons kind is plucked after terminating, and tears bar, site preparation and fertilization in time open, lies fallow, or adds kind one season leaf vegetables。
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| CN112913594B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2024-02-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Annual rotation cultivation method for cowpea, pepper and pumpkin |
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| CN1298633A (en) * | 1999-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | 林国标 | Cultivation method for dry-land crops for five high-yield harvests in one year |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1298633A (en) * | 1999-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | 林国标 | Cultivation method for dry-land crops for five high-yield harvests in one year |
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| "空档田"种出好效益;陈明建等;《眉山日报》;20081030;第1页 * |
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