CN111226534A - Pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouse in northern cold area - Google Patents
Pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouse in northern cold area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226534A CN111226534A CN202010240705.6A CN202010240705A CN111226534A CN 111226534 A CN111226534 A CN 111226534A CN 202010240705 A CN202010240705 A CN 202010240705A CN 111226534 A CN111226534 A CN 111226534A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in a greenhouse in a northern cold area, which specifically comprises the steps of vegetable field selection, plastic greenhouse building, seed selection and germination acceleration, sowing, seedling division, field planting, management after field planting and the like, wherein the eggplant selected in the step of seed selection and germination acceleration is grafted with an excellent stock to be tolbam seeds, and 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm is prepared in the method for germination acceleration of the tolbam seeds; then soaking the tolubam seeds in gibberellin; and finally, carrying out temperature-changing germination acceleration on the Toolubam seeds, rinsing the seeds with clear water every day in the temperature-changing germination acceleration process, and effectively preventing the seeds from mildewing and breeding bacteria by rinsing the seeds every day. The invention emphasizes on improving the germination accelerating method and temperature control of tolubam, the germination accelerating method is simpler than the prior art, only gibberellin is used during germination accelerating, seeds are soaked in 200ppm gibberellin solution and subjected to temperature change treatment, the germination rate can reach more than 80%, and the germination accelerating effect is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold regions.
Background
The eggplants are born in India in the earliest term, the Gongyuan is introduced into China in the 4-5 th century, and the eggplants cultivated in the south and north directions are round and similar to the wild shape. Long eggplant is cultivated in the first generation, and is introduced into Japan by the last year of Qing dynasty. The root system of the eggplant is 50 cm deep and 120 cm transversely, and most of the root system is distributed in a 30 cm cultivated layer. Eggplants are distributed throughout the world and are widely cultivated in asia, africa, the coast of the mediterranean, the central and south europe, and the central and american countries. Because the variety is not many in European and American places and only cultivated at a lower latitude, the eggplant in China is cultivated in the largest area and the total yield is the highest in all countries in the world. According to the statistical data of FAO yearbook, the global eggplant harvest area in 2004 is 170.1 ten thousand hectares, and the total yield is 2984 ten thousand tons; the harvest area in China is 81.7 million hectares, the total yield is 1653 million tons, and the harvest area and the total yield respectively account for about half of the harvest area and the total yield in the world. The planting area of the eggplants in China is 70.26 ten thousand hectares in 2005, and the yield is 32.2t/hm2Total yield 2263.4 ten thousand tons.
Solanaceae, Solanum perennial herbaceous plants, tropical, perennial. The fruits produced by the method can be eaten, the color is purple or purple black, and the fruits also have light green or white varieties, and the shapes also include various shapes such as round, oval and pear shapes. Eggplant is a typical vegetable, and the usage is various according to different varieties. According to the analysis of nutrition experts, the eggplants are sweet in taste and cool in nature and enter spleen, stomach and large intestine channels, the medicinal components comprise solanine and the like, the disease prevention index of the eggplants is 26.29, and the vitality index is 9.7142, so that the eggplants have quite high value on disease rehabilitation, and the improvement on vitality belongs to an effective range. Eggplant fruits can be eaten by vegetables, roots, stems and leaves can be used as medicines, the astringent agent has the effect of diuresis, the leaves can also be used as anesthetic, seeds are used as swelling reducing medicines and also used as stimulants, but the stomach weakness and constipation are easily caused, raw fruits can relieve the edible fungi poisoning, the eggplant is cultivated in all parts of China, is one of common vegetables, contains rich vitamin P, trigonelline and choline, has the effects of softening blood vessels, reducing blood pressure, reducing cholesterol, losing weight, clearing away summer heat and the like, and has a large amount of vitamin E due to the fact that the eggplant also contains a large amount of vitamin E, so that the eggplant can maintain the normal physiological function of organisms, protect the blood vessel circulation function, prevent and control color spots and the like, can resist damage of harmful free radicals to cells, prevent and control arteriosclerosis and hypertension, and regulate central nerves, and now healthy diet is more and more emphasized, so the demand of the eggplant is increased day by day, and the demand of the eggplant market is increased in recent years along with the increase of the, the market of eggplants is expanded, but most of the current planting methods are still based on the traditional planting method and cannot meet the requirement of market development, and a new planting and cultivating method is urgently needed to promote the planting yield of the eggplants and improve the planting benefit. In the eggplant planting process, the main problems are pregermination and temperature control, so that improvement in the aspects is needed.
In recent years, pollution-free vegetables are developed in China, and the main production mode is soilless culture. In New Zealand, more than half of fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers and the like are cultivated without soil. Developed countries such as Japan, the Netherlands, and the United states adopt modern hydroponic greenhouses to produce pollution-free vegetables throughout the year. In cold areas in northern China, the temperature is relatively cold in winter, and the outdoor temperature can reach below-10 ℃. The seedling raising in the vegetable greenhouse has higher requirements on the indoor environment temperature and humidity of the greenhouse. In order to meet the requirements of seedling culture, the greenhouse needs to be heated and humidified in winter. Because the greenhouse has large indoor space, the temperature and humidity of all parts in the greenhouse are required to be ensured to be uniform, the seedlings are small and fragile, and the survival of the seedlings can be seriously influenced when the local temperature and humidity in the greenhouse cannot meet the requirements. The greenhouse vegetable planting technology is a common technology, has good heat preservation performance, is popular among people, and can eat out-of-season vegetables at any time. In general, the greenhouse vegetable adopts a structural framework mainly made of bamboo and steel, and then a layer or a plurality of layers of heat-insulating plastic films are covered on the framework, so that a complete greenhouse space is manufactured by a simple structure. The plastic film can effectively prevent carbon dioxide generated in the growth process of vegetables from losing so as to achieve the heat preservation effect required in the greenhouse. In order to achieve higher economic efficiency and meet the requirements of living standards of people, eggplants are usually planted by using a greenhouse, so that the eggplants can be sold all the year round.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold regions, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold areas comprises the following steps: selecting vegetable fields, building a plastic greenhouse, selecting seeds, accelerating germination, sowing, dividing seedlings, planting and managing after planting; the method comprises the following steps of selecting and accelerating germination, wherein the selected eggplant is grafted with an excellent rootstock to form tolbam seeds, and the seed selection and accelerating germination step adopts a tolbam seed accelerating germination method which comprises the steps of soaking the seeds in gibberellin and then carrying out variable-temperature accelerating germination.
The specific operation steps of the method for accelerating germination of the Toolubam seeds are as follows:
(1) 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm is prepared:
the gibberellin crystal powder can only be dissolved in an organic solvent, and when the gibberellin crystal powder is used, firstly, the gibberellin crystal powder is dissolved in high-degree white spirit, and then, the gibberellin crystal powder is diluted into a solution with the required concentration.
(2) Soaking the tolubam seeds with gibberellins:
before seed soaking, performing early-stage seed rinsing on the tolbam seeds, rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds, performing germination accelerating on the seeds with plump seeds, soaking the rinsed tolbam seeds in the gibberellin liquid medicine prepared in the step (1) for 24 hours, and then rinsing the seeds clean with clean water;
(3) carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration on the Toolubam seeds:
fishing out the seeds rinsed in the step (2), putting the seeds into a gauze bag for moisturizing and accelerating germination at variable temperatures, wherein the accelerating germination temperature in the daytime is kept at 28-32 ℃, and the accelerating germination temperature at night is kept at 18-20 ℃;
(4) rinsing seeds with clear water every day in the variable-temperature germination accelerating process:
turning over once a day while accelerating germination at variable temperature in the step (3), rinsing once a day by using clear water, rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds, beginning to bud after 4-5 days, and mixing with a proper amount of fine sand to begin seeding after 50% of the seeds are exposed to white and bud.
When the gibberellin solution is prepared in the step (1), one way is to directly dilute the gibberellic acid missible oil in water to the required concentration of 200ppm to prepare the gibberellin solution required by seed soaking.
The preparation of the gibberellin solution in the step (1) is carried out by the following specific operation steps: dissolving 1g of gibberellin crystal powder with 75% of active ingredient content in 50ml of high-alcohol-content white spirit to fully dissolve the gibberellin crystal powder; gibberellin contained in each ml of white spirit solution is 1g multiplied by 75%/50 =0.015g, and gibberellins required for preparing 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm, namely the concentration of 0.0002g/ml are as follows: 200ml multiplied by 0.0002g/ml =0.04g, then the gibberellin liquor solution is required to be 0.04g/0.015g/ml =2.7 ml; adding 2.7ml of gibberellin liquor solution into 200ml of water to obtain 200ppm of gibberellin solution. The high-degree white spirit is pure grain white spirit with the alcoholic strength of 52-70 degrees.
The sowing steps are as follows: firstly, paving a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 3 cm in a sowing box; and (3) sufficiently watering for the first time, spreading a layer of fine soil after the water seeps down, spreading or furrow-sowing seeds, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 1 cm after the seeds are sowed, covering a plastic film, timely uncovering the seeds when the seeds come out of the soil, and uniformly illuminating at the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ after the seeds are sowed for 5-6 days before the seeds emerge.
The seedling dividing step specifically comprises: after 80% of sprouts come out of the soil, the room temperature is reduced to 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 20 ℃ at night, proper ventilation is carried out when the temperature is over 28 ℃, the ventilation is stopped when the room temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, when the cotyledon is unfolded and the tip of the first true leaf is spitted, the room temperature is increased by 25-27 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is increased by 16-18 ℃ at night, the ground temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the true leaves are promoted to grow smoothly until transplantation.
The planting step specifically comprises: the method comprises the steps of buckling a greenhouse and then planting, preparing soil in the greenhouse and making beds before transplanting, planting 2 lines in each bed, covering black mulching films with the width of 160cm on the bed surface after planting, applying enough base fertilizer, transplanting timely, reasonably close planting, watering seedling-reviving water once 3-4 days after transplanting, and spraying 800 times of new high-fat films in time, wherein the line spacing of the bed surface is 60-70 cm, the bottom water is thoroughly irrigated, the line spacing between beds is 80-90 cm, and the plant spacing is 45 cm.
The management steps after planting comprise temperature management, illumination management, water management, nutrient management, pruning and pest control.
Tolubam is an excellent eggplant stock for grafting and is native to regions of Bodori in America. The variety is mainly characterized by simultaneously resisting four soil-borne diseases, namely verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt and nematode disease, and achieving high resistance or immunity. The plant has strong growth potential, developed root system, more thick and long roots distributed in a radial shape, and strong water and nutrient absorption capacity. After the seedlings come out of the soil, the initial growth is slow, particularly the growth is slow under the low-temperature condition, the growth speed is close to normal after 3 to 4 true leaves are grown, and therefore, the seedlings need to be sowed 25 to 30 days earlier than the scions in the grafting process. The rootstock is suitable for grafting with various scion varieties, is suitable for various cultivation types in protected areas and open fields, and has high grafting survival rate. After grafting, the eggplant has the characteristics of high disease resistance, high temperature and drought resistance, cold resistance, moisture resistance and salt resistance, has good grafting affinity and strong growth potential, and the quality of the grafted eggplant is not changed, so that the yield is multiplied. The fruit quality is excellent and the total yield is high. However, the seed of Tolubam is extremely small, the thousand seed weight is 1g, and the seed has extremely strong dormancy after being mature, so that the germination is difficult, and hormone or temperature change treatment is needed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seeds selected by the method are the tolbamu seeds, but the tolbamu seeds are not easy to germinate in general, so that the germination acceleration is needed, and the main problems in the whole planting process of the eggplants are the germination acceleration and the temperature control, so the tolbamu germination acceleration method and the temperature control are improved in the pollution-free seedling and cultivation method of the eggplants in the greenhouse in the northern cold region. In the production, gibberellin is used for soaking seeds, and then temperature-changing germination is carried out. The method for accelerating germination of the Toolubam seeds is different from the prior art, the method for accelerating germination of the Toolubam seeds is simpler than the prior art, only gibberellin is used during accelerating germination, the conventional seed bag is provided with a germination accelerating agent, the germination accelerating agent can be used for accelerating germination according to the specification, and the germination accelerating effect in practical application is not ideal. The tolbamu seeds are soaked in 200ppm gibberellin solution and subjected to temperature change treatment, the germination rate can reach over 80%, and the germination accelerating effect is good.
Tolubam seeds are particularly difficult to germinate, germination is accelerated for one week in the prior art, the germination rate is not high, labor and substrates are wasted due to low germination rate during sowing, and the high germination rate is difficult to achieve for enterprises in batch germination acceleration. The method also comprises the key steps of rinsing the seeds with clear water every day in the variable-temperature germination accelerating process, and comprehensively rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds in the germination accelerating process, so that the seeds can be effectively prevented from mildewing and breeding bacteria. The seeds can secrete a layer of mucus after being placed in the incubator for one day, if the seeds are not rinsed, the seeds are easy to mildew and breed bacteria, one purpose of rinsing is to clean the seed coats, and the other purpose of rinsing the seeds which are shriveled and have not plump seeds. The rinsing process adopts manual rinsing, and seeds which do not sink can be fished out in each rinsing.
The germination rate of the seeds accelerated by the method for accelerating germination of tolubam disclosed by the invention is very high in China, and the germination rate of the tolubam seeds is low and is well known, so that the method for accelerating germination of the tolubam seeds breaks through the bottleneck, and the method for accelerating germination of the tolubam seeds is high in germination rate, simple and much simpler than the method for accelerating germination by soaking filter paper in the prior art. The filter paper is easy to dry, water needs to be added continuously, people need to stare at the filter paper, and no water is added at night, so that the germination rate is not ideal, and the filter paper is easy to mildew. The method for accelerating germination of tolubam belongs to a large amount of accelerating germination, is very practical, is wrapped by gauze and placed in a constant temperature box, and is very simple because the seeds are rinsed once a day. Because the management steps after the planting comprise the steps of temperature management, illumination management, water management, nutrient management, pruning and pest control, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the advantages of less pest and disease damage, no pesticide residue, difficult occurrence of root rot, foot rot and other epidemic diseases, low cost, no pollution to the environment, high yield, smooth eggplant skin, bright and clean color and high nutritional value, and meets the requirements of people on the quantity and quality of the eggplant.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
A pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold areas comprises the following steps: selecting vegetable fields, building a plastic greenhouse, selecting seeds, accelerating germination, sowing, dividing seedlings, planting and managing after planting; the method comprises the following steps of selecting and accelerating germination, wherein the selected eggplant is grafted with an excellent rootstock to form tolbam seeds, and the seed selection and accelerating germination step adopts a tolbam seed accelerating germination method which comprises the steps of soaking the seeds in gibberellin and then carrying out variable-temperature accelerating germination.
The specific operation steps of the method for accelerating germination of the Toolubam seeds are as follows: (1) 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm is prepared: the gibberellin crystal powder can only be dissolved in an organic solvent, and when the gibberellin crystal powder is used, firstly, the gibberellin crystal powder is dissolved in high-degree white spirit, and then, the gibberellin crystal powder is diluted into a solution with the required concentration. (2) Soaking the tolubam seeds with gibberellins: before seed soaking, performing early-stage seed rinsing on the tolbam seeds, rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds, performing germination accelerating on the seeds with plump seeds, soaking the rinsed tolbam seeds in the gibberellin liquid medicine prepared in the step (1) for 24 hours, and then rinsing the seeds clean with clean water; (3) carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration on the Toolubam seeds: fishing out the seeds rinsed in the step (2), putting the seeds into a gauze bag for moisturizing and accelerating germination at variable temperatures, wherein the accelerating germination temperature in the daytime is kept at 28-32 ℃, and the accelerating germination temperature at night is kept at 18-20 ℃; (4) rinsing seeds with clear water every day in the variable-temperature germination accelerating process: turning over once a day while accelerating germination at variable temperature in the step (3), rinsing once a day by using clear water, rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds, beginning to bud after 4-5 days, and mixing with a proper amount of fine sand to begin seeding after 50% of the seeds are exposed to white and bud.
When the gibberellin solution is prepared in the step (1), one method is to directly dilute the gibberellic acid missible oil in water to the required concentration of 200ppm to prepare the gibberellin solution required by seed soaking. Another specific operation step for preparing the gibberellin solution is as follows: dissolving 1g of gibberellin crystal powder with 75% of active ingredient content in 50ml of high-alcohol-content white spirit to fully dissolve the gibberellin crystal powder; gibberellin contained in each ml of white spirit solution is 1g multiplied by 75%/50 =0.015g, and gibberellins required for preparing 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm, namely the concentration of 0.0002g/ml are as follows: 200ml multiplied by 0.0002g/ml =0.04g, then the gibberellin liquor solution is required to be 0.04g/0.015g/ml =2.7 ml; adding 2.7ml of gibberellin liquor solution into 200ml of water to obtain 200ppm of gibberellin solution. The high-degree white spirit is pure grain white spirit with the alcoholic strength of 52-70 degrees.
The sowing steps are as follows: firstly, paving a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 3 cm in a sowing box; and (3) sufficiently watering for the first time, spreading a layer of fine soil after the water seeps down, spreading or furrow-sowing seeds, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 1 cm after the seeds are sowed, covering a plastic film, timely uncovering the seeds when the seeds come out of the soil, and uniformly illuminating at the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ after the seeds are sowed for 5-6 days before the seeds emerge.
The seedling dividing step specifically comprises: after 80% of sprouts come out of the soil, the room temperature is reduced to 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 20 ℃ at night, proper ventilation is carried out when the temperature is over 28 ℃, the ventilation is stopped when the room temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, when the cotyledon is unfolded and the tip of the first true leaf is spitted, the room temperature is increased by 25-27 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is increased by 16-18 ℃ at night, the ground temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the true leaves are promoted to grow smoothly until transplantation.
The planting step specifically comprises: the method comprises the steps of buckling a greenhouse and then planting, preparing soil in the greenhouse and making beds before transplanting, planting 2 lines in each bed, covering black mulching films with the width of 160cm on the bed surface after planting, applying enough base fertilizer, transplanting timely, reasonably close planting, watering seedling-reviving water once 3-4 days after transplanting, and spraying 800 times of new high-fat films in time, wherein the line spacing of the bed surface is 60-70 cm, the bottom water is thoroughly irrigated, the line spacing between beds is 80-90 cm, and the plant spacing is 45 cm. The management steps after planting comprise temperature management, illumination management, water management, nutrient management, pruning and pest control.
The detail processing method and time detail of the Tolubam germination accelerating processing method in the seedling raising and cultivating method are as follows: soaking the seeds for about 38-40 h by using gibberellin crystal powder with the concentration of 200PPM in the afternoon of about 14:00 on the 1 st day; cleaning 8:00 in the morning of 3 days, and soaking in clear water for 10 h; accelerating germination starting 17:00 later on day 3, and adjusting the temperature of a constant temperature box to 20 ℃ for 14 h; adjusting the temperature to 32 ℃ 8:00 earlier on day 4 for 10 h; treating at 17:00 night and 20 deg.C for 14h on day 4; cleaning seeds 8:00 earlier on day 5 with clear water to prevent mildew, and then adjusting the temperature to 32 ℃ for 10 h; treating at 5 days later at 17:00 and 20 deg.C for 14 hr; adjusting the temperature to 32 ℃ 8:00 earlier on day 6 for 10 h; adjusting the temperature to be 17:00 later and treating the mixture at 20 ℃ for 14h on day 6; cleaning seeds with clear water 8:00 as early as 7 days to prevent the seeds from mildewing, and then adjusting the temperature to 32 ℃ for 10 hours; treating at 7 days later at 17:00 and 20 deg.C for 14 h; adjusting the temperature to 32 ℃ 8:00 and treating for 10h in the 8 th morning; adjusting the temperature to 20 ℃ later by 17:00 on day 8 for 14 h; the early seeds appeared more than 50% white on day 9, at which time sowing was started. Generally, the seeds are sown into the flat plate about 7 days after seed soaking, and the actual germination is 5 days. The germination rate of the treatment can reach about 80-90%, and the germination rate is obviously higher than that of the Tolubam germination accelerating method in the prior art.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold areas comprises the following steps: selecting vegetable fields, building a plastic greenhouse, selecting seeds, accelerating germination, sowing, dividing seedlings, planting and managing after planting; the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of selecting and accelerating germination, wherein the eggplant selected in the seed selection and accelerating germination step is grafted with an excellent rootstock to form tolubam seeds, the seed selection and accelerating germination step adopts a tolubam seed accelerating germination method, and the tolubam seed accelerating germination method comprises the steps of firstly soaking seeds with gibberellin and then carrying out variable-temperature accelerating germination.
2. The pollution-free eggplant seedling and cultivation method in the greenhouse in the northern cold region as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the specific operation steps of the method for accelerating germination of the Toolubam seeds are as follows:
(1) 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm is prepared:
the gibberellin crystal powder can only be dissolved in an organic solvent, and when the gibberellin crystal powder is used, firstly, the gibberellin crystal powder is dissolved in high-degree white spirit and then diluted into a solution with the required concentration;
(2) soaking the tolubam seeds with gibberellins:
before seed soaking, performing early-stage seed rinsing on the tolbam seeds, rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds, performing germination accelerating on the seeds with plump seeds, soaking the rinsed tolbam seeds in the gibberellin liquid medicine prepared in the step (1) for 24 hours, and then rinsing the seeds clean with clean water;
(3) carrying out variable-temperature germination acceleration on the Toolubam seeds:
fishing out the seeds rinsed in the step (2), putting the seeds into a gauze bag for moisturizing and accelerating germination at variable temperatures, wherein the accelerating germination temperature in the daytime is kept at 28-32 ℃, and the accelerating germination temperature at night is kept at 18-20 ℃;
(4) rinsing seeds with clear water every day in the variable-temperature germination accelerating process:
turning over once a day while accelerating germination at variable temperature in the step (3), rinsing once a day by using clear water, rinsing the seeds with unsatisfied seeds, beginning to bud after 4-5 days, and mixing with a proper amount of fine sand to begin seeding after 50% of the seeds are exposed to white and bud.
3. The pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold regions, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: when the gibberellin solution is prepared in the step (1), the gibberellic acid missible oil is directly diluted to the required concentration of 200ppm in water, and then the gibberellin solution required by seed soaking is prepared.
4. The pollution-free seedling and cultivation method for eggplants in greenhouses in northern cold regions, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the concrete operation steps for preparing the gibberellin solution in the step (1) are as follows: dissolving 1g of gibberellin crystal powder with 75% of active ingredient content in 50ml of high-alcohol-content white spirit to fully dissolve the gibberellin crystal powder; gibberellin contained in each ml of white spirit solution is 1g multiplied by 75%/50 =0.015g, and gibberellins required for preparing 200ml of gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200ppm, namely the concentration of 0.0002g/ml are as follows: 200ml multiplied by 0.0002g/ml =0.04g, then the gibberellin liquor solution is required to be 0.04g/0.015g/ml =2.7 ml; adding 2.7ml of gibberellin liquor solution into 200ml of water to obtain 200ppm of gibberellin solution.
5. The pollution-free eggplant seedling and cultivation method in the greenhouse in the northern cold region as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the high-degree white spirit is pure grain white spirit with the alcoholic strength of 52-70 degrees.
6. The pollution-free eggplant seedling and cultivation method in the greenhouse in the northern cold region as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sowing step specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, paving a layer of nutrient soil with the thickness of 3 cm in a sowing box; and (3) sufficiently watering for the first time, spreading a layer of fine soil after the water seeps down, spreading or furrow-sowing seeds, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 1 cm after the seeds are sowed, covering a plastic film, timely uncovering the seeds when the seeds come out of the soil, and uniformly illuminating at the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ after the seeds are sowed for 5-6 days before the seeds emerge.
7. The pollution-free eggplant seedling and cultivation method in the greenhouse in the northern cold region as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seedling dividing step specifically comprises the following steps: after 80% of sprouts come out of the soil, the room temperature is reduced to 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 20 ℃ at night, proper ventilation is carried out when the temperature is over 28 ℃, the ventilation is stopped when the room temperature is reduced to 20 ℃, when the cotyledon is unfolded and the tip of the first true leaf is spitted, the room temperature is increased by 25-27 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is increased by 16-18 ℃ at night, the ground temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the true leaves are promoted to grow smoothly until transplantation.
8. The pollution-free eggplant seedling and cultivation method in the greenhouse in the northern cold region as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planting step specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of buckling a greenhouse and then planting, preparing soil in the greenhouse and making beds before transplanting, planting 2 lines in each bed, covering black mulching films with the width of 160cm on the bed surface after planting, applying enough base fertilizer, transplanting timely, reasonably close planting, watering seedling-reviving water once 3-4 days after transplanting, and spraying 800 times of new high-fat films in time, wherein the line spacing of the bed surface is 60-70 cm, the bottom water is thoroughly irrigated, the line spacing between beds is 80-90 cm, and the plant spacing is 45 cm.
9. The pollution-free eggplant seedling and cultivation method in the greenhouse in the northern cold region as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the management steps after planting comprise temperature management, illumination management, water management, nutrient management, pruning and pest control.
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