CN112602473A - Industrialized eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a factory eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method, which comprises the following steps: equipment debugging, raw material preparation (inoculation of rootstock, scion and the like), substrate nutrition proportioning, germination accelerating treatment, seeding and transplanting, double-root-cutting and grafting, healing, seedling exercising management, standard finished product seedling emergence, the production design is orderly, the production period is fixed for 80 days, the automatic harmony of factory matching of water, temperature, fertilizer and air is realized, the grafting survival rate is high, excessive growth is not easy, the seedlings are uniform, the standard uniform strong seedlings are cultivated, the vegetable seedling quality is improved, the effect of resisting soil diseases (verticillium wilt and bacterial wilt of eggplants) is obvious, the secondary infection prevention effect is good after the plants are grown, the grafting and seedling reviving time is shorter and faster, the survival rate is higher, the growth potential is stronger, the root system is strong, the stress resistance is strong, the yield is high, the quality is better, and the technology breaks through the defects of the conventional grafting technology; the grafting process is easy to decompose, is suitable for industrial seedling culture, and reduces the labor intensity.

Description

Industrialized eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grafting seedling method for eggplants in vegetable industrial seedling cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable industrial seedling cultivation.

Background

Compared with the traditional seedling raising mode, the vegetable industrial seedling raising has the advantages of saving seedling raising time, improving seedling raising quality, improving seedling raising efficiency, efficiently managing in a unified mode, reducing production cost and the like, and achieves annual production continuous supply under the condition of not being influenced by objective factors such as weather environment and the like. The vegetable industrial grafting seedling raising is one of the seedling quality raising methods, and the effective method for overcoming root system soil-borne diseases caused by conventional seedling raising and improving the disease resistance of vegetables.

In 1976, Japanese developed a root-cutting grafting seedling culture, which was then widely used in production, while the root-cutting grafting technology appeared later in China. The double-root-cutting grafting is also called root-cutting grafting, and is a grafting mode of removing the original root system of the stock and inducing the stock to generate a new root system by healing the grafting opening on the basis of the conventional grafting. The domestic Li Hongling scholars firstly put forward a double-root-cutting grafting method of 'pumpkin root-cutting and apical bud oblique-cutting' and the 2006 technology of double-root-cutting grafting of the respective cucumbers of Zhu jin, Wang Yulian and Liu Xiao, which shows the advantages of high grafting speed, high work efficiency, high survival rate of grafted seedlings, improvement of the yield and the quality of the cucumbers and the like, and compared with the common grafted seedlings, the yield of the cucumbers is increased by 2000kg, and the harvesting period is prolonged by about 15 days. Zhangzhong pine and zhuang jin, etc. have made research on thin-skin melon and thick-skin melon, and the results show that the double-broken root grafting has the functions of preventing diseases, increasing yield and raising economic benefit. The research of Xusontao et al on watermelon shows that the effect of double-broken-root grafting on wilt prevention is 82.6% -86.2% compared with the effect of self-rooted seedlings; the yield of the watermelon is remarkably increased by 44.5-58.2%; the content of soluble sugar is improved by 9.8-15.6%. Liuyuxiang et al, by adopting a double-root-scission grafting technology, made a relevant study on the screening of Turpan watermelon stocks and provided a theoretical basis for actual production. Fagwei et al set out the technical rules of double-root-cutting grafting seedling culture of cucumbers in Liaoning area, analyze related data in the grafting management process in detail, and summarize technical indexes such as seedling facility environmental conditions, grafting methods, seedling-stage water and fertilizer, pest and disease damage management methods and the like applicable to the industrial double-root-cutting grafting seedling culture of cucumbers.

The technical rules of eggplant industrial grafting and seedling raising are tested by Fangwei, Wangkun and the like, and the defects of poor healing effect and incapability of root system exist in the grafting or cleft grafting method. The method for grafting the eggplants by using the double-root-cutting grafting technology for the eggplants is rarely reported in China, and the double-root-cutting grafting technology for the eggplants is firstly used by people such as royal jelly, Hao and the like in China, so that the problems of healing of the double-root-cutting grafting eggplants and root system development and regeneration influence of grafted seedlings are explained, the seedling strengthening index is improved, the survival rate of the grafted seedlings is not high, the seedlings are not uniformly emerged and the like, therefore, the current industrial double-root-cutting grafting technology for the eggplants still has low seedling culture operation rate and no relevant standard, management measures after grafting are not specific, management is still carried out according to self-rooted seedlings and common grafted.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a factory eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method. The production process flow is complete, equipment is debugged, raw material preparation (stock inoculation, scion and the like) is carried out, matrix nutrition is proportioned, germination is carried out, seeding and transplanting are carried out, double-root-cutting grafting is carried out, seedling hardening management is carried out, standard finished product seedling emergence is carried out, the production design is ordered, the production period is fixed for 80 days, the automatic harmony of factory matching of water, temperature, fertilizer and air is realized, the grafting survival rate is high, excessive growth is not easy, seedlings are uniform, the standard consistent strong seedlings are cultivated, the vegetable seedling quality is improved, the effect of resisting soil diseases (verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, brown streak disease, cotton seedling growing disease and the like) is obvious, the effect of preventing secondary infection after the plant is grown is reached, the grafting and the seedling, the seedling recovering is faster, the survival rate is higher, the growth potential is stronger, the root system is strong, the anti-adversity capability is strong, the yield is high, the quality is better, and the technology breaks through the defects of the conventional grafting technology; the grafting process is easy to decompose, is suitable for industrial seedling culture, and reduces the labor intensity.

A factory eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method comprises the following specific steps:

1. facility equipment

1.1 facility equipment type and characteristic requirements

The seedling raising facility adopts an intelligent multi-span greenhouse with independent property design, the greenhouse with the film multi-span adopts a linkage greenhouse main body which is constructed by embedding a hot-dip galvanized steel pipe framework aluminum alloy and a steel groove steel clamping groove with a rubber sealing strip, and the greenhouse has the characteristics of attractive appearance, large space, convenience in mechanized operation, good light transmittance, high light transmittance rate of more than 85 percent, good heat insulation performance, rain and snow impact resistance, long service life and low operation cost.

The environment in the greenhouse is well regulated and controlled, the greenhouse is provided with a temperature, illumination, humidity and ventilation control system, a warm air pipeline or a water heating radiator is generally installed, and an air heater and the water heating radiator are arranged on one side or two sides of the seedbed; the facilities are provided with inner heat preservation screens, heat preservation quilts, double-layer heat preservation films and other heat preservation capabilities, the top of the multi-span greenhouse is provided with a skylight, and the two sides of the multi-span greenhouse are provided with ventilation windows; when the temperature is high, hot air is pumped out from a fan at one end of the greenhouse, and cold air enters from a wet curtain arranged at the other end of the greenhouse; if necessary, a plurality of circulating fans are additionally arranged in the facility to accelerate air circulation, and the temperature is controlled to be 12-32 ℃. Ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings. The computer fertilizer and water integrated walking type automatic control system reduces the unevenness of artificial watering and fertilizing and improves the uniformity of the seedling stage. The device is provided with an automatic fine seeding production line system, a movable shaking table and a high-pressure sodium lamp or an LED lamp for a light supplementing system, and is fixed at a position about 1.2-1.6 m above the bed surface; an outer sunshade net or an inner sunshade net can be arranged, and the inner sunshade net can be an aluminum foil reflective curtain type or an airtight type sunshade net; the grafting healing chamber is arranged in the grafting device, the temperature and humidity conditions for the healing of the grafted seedlings are guaranteed to be 25-28 ℃, the weak illumination is 500lx, the humidity is more than 95%, the area is determined according to the yield, the heat preservation and the lighting in winter are guaranteed to be good, the corresponding heat preservation and humidification conditions are provided, the ventilation and cooling in summer are convenient, a sun-shading cooling device is required, and the use efficiency and the economic benefit are maximized. The height of the bedstead can be set to be 50-80 cm, the width of each bed surface is 165-230 cm (6-8 rows of plug trays are placed), and the seedbed can be fixed or movable; other necessary substrates, a plug tray 54.9cm by 27.8cm by 5cm (98 holes, 72 holes or 50 holes), 128 holes and 200 holes or 288 holes for plug tray end seeding, a seedbed and a seedbed frame.

Before use, a fan, a circulating fan, a wet curtain, a sunshade net, a water wheel, an ultra-low-volume spraying insecticide sprayer, an automatic air discharger of cooling equipment and a seedbed seeder in the multi-span greenhouse are subjected to production debugging and related training.

2. Raw material preparation (stock, scion, etc.)

At present, the excellent stock variety of the eggplant, the root system of the Tolubamu plant is very developed, the growth potential is strong, the internode is longer, the leaves are larger, and a small amount of skin prickles have extremely good resistance to verticillium wilt, blight, bacterial wilt and nematode soil-borne diseases in order to improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings.

Selection of scion varieties: selecting a variety which has strong growth vigor, is not easy to age, is premature, has high yield and good commodity performance under the condition of low temperature and low illumination, and adopting Rayss-Wang company such as 10-765, 602,10-911 and the like for the scion eggplant variety. The winter-surviving cultivation of long eggplant in northern areas has the advantages of strong low-temperature resistance, disease resistance, high yield, black purple and bright color and high yield.

3. Substrate nutrition proportion

The seedling raising substrate is generally prepared by uniformly mixing turf, perlite and vermiculite according to a certain proportion. All from israel, germany, canada, and the united states. The good matrix standard is that the volume weight of the matrix is 0.1g/cm³～0.6g/cm³The total porosity is about 65 percent, the air permeability porosity is 15 to 25 percent, the water holding capacity is 100 to 130 percent, the pH value is 5.5 to 7.0, and pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs, grass seeds and harmful substances are not generated. The grass carbon which is stored wet for a long time cannot be used, and the matrix cannot be reused; the grain diameter of the turf is 1 mm-5 mm, the diameter of the vermiculite is 2 mm-4 mm, and the diameter of the perlite is 2 mm-4 mm. The mixture ratio of the matrix is as follows: cleisiman 416 matrix: perlite 5: 1,416 the length of the matrix fiber is 1-5 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm. And covering with vermiculite.

4. Inoculation stock and scion germination accelerating treatment

The rootstock tolbam is difficult to bud, uneven in bud ratio and low in bud ratio, seed soaking treatment is carried out by adopting neramene (a product of Spanish agricultural mineral company), soaking is carried out in constant-temperature hot water while stirring for 15-20 min, seed soaking is carried out by using 800-time neramene for 24h at 0-5 ℃ (the seeds are stirred for 4-5 times in the period), the obtained product is put into a germination accelerating box for 24h, seed coat mucilage is washed off by using clear water, and the obtained product is soaked for 24h with the 800-time neramene again (the same as the method). And then taking out the seeds, airing the seeds for 4 hours at the room temperature of 24 ℃, putting the seeds into a germination accelerating box for accelerating germination at the temperature of 30 ℃, carrying out temperature change treatment, turning over the seeds for 1 time every 4-5 hours at the room temperature of 20 ℃ for 8 hours in the day, and elutriating the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water at the night of 16 hours. Sprouting begins in 5-7 days, and the seeds can be sown when the sprouting rate reaches 60-70%. In another type, the dry seeds are adopted for direct seeding with good bud ratio and uniform vigor.

5. Seeding

Stock seeding: the process includes the steps of germination accelerating, broadcast sowing, transplanting and double root cutting grafting

The rice seedlings are sowed on a white rice flat plate with the specification of 30 x 60cm, soaked in 2000 times of pasteurization solution for 12 times, washed with clean water and dried for later use. The proportioned matrix is paved, 6000 times of 'thick root' rooting fertilizer prepared by companies is used for irrigation, and the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer is added with propamocarb hydrochloride (pulicarb) aqueous solution for thorough irrigation. The seeds were then broadcast according to 2 grams of seeds per flat disc. Covering with vermiculite. Pericarb hydrochloride (puliker) was sprayed once more every 7 days, often keeping the seedbed dry and wet.

Transplanting the rootstock:

the rootstocks can be transplanted 18-20 days after being sowed on the flat plate, and the leaves of the Tuolubamu 2 are 1 heart at the moment. Transplanting is carried out by using a 98-hole plug, the matrix proportion is the same as above, and roots are dipped in a concentrated root rooting fertilizer which is a product self-made by a company before Tolubam transplanting. Transplanting one hole of one strain, wherein the root system is not exposed.

TABLE 1 eggplant stock seeding and transplantation management

And (3) scion seeding: the flow is sowing-double root-cutting grafting

And (3) after the rootstock is transplanted, the scion is sowed 3-5 days, a 98-hole plug is used, the matrix proportion is the same as that of the above, 1 hole is used for sowing 1 seed, the seeds with high germination rate can be directly sowed by using a sowing line, and the seeds needing germination acceleration are sowed manually.

TABLE 2 eggplant cultivar scion management

6. Double-root-cutting grafting

6.1 grafting time: and (3) after the rootstocks are transplanted for 25-28 days, grafting the rootstock seedlings with five leaves and one core or four leaves and one core with the diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm on semi-lignified parts.

The grafted seedling is in a poor water shortage state before grafting, so that branches and leaves from a cut are thick, two strips of branches and leaves are favorable for healing, watering is carried out after grafting, accumulated branches and leaves between a stock and a scion flow faster, healing of a wound of the grafted seedling is more favorable, a blade used for grafting is required to be sharp, about 150 pieces of generally every piece of blade-printed seedling are replaced in time, and hands and blades of an operator are disinfected by alcohol or a pasteurization solution during grafting so as to avoid virus cross infection. Meanwhile, the disinfected hands and blades are required to be aired to be used for grafting the scion incision, otherwise, the scion incision is difficult to grow abnormally after being soaked with the liquid medicine.

6.2 double-broken-root grafting method

6.2.1 adopts cleft grafting and double-root cutting, and the specific grafting operation method comprises the following steps:

firstly, when 4-5 true leaves grow on the stock seedling, the method is carried out. Firstly, cutting off the stock seedling from a semi-lignified position to remove the above part (at least 5cm), removing all true leaves and cotyledons, cutting off the root of the stock by double-root-cutting, and only reserving a small amount of main roots at the base of the stem for later use.

The cleft grafting method is the most common method for grafting eggplants, a stock with a stem of similar thickness is selected to be matched with a scion, the upper part of the second 2 leaves of the stock is transversely cut by a blade to remove the upper part, a port with the depth of 1.1-1.2 cm is longitudinally cut in the middle of the cross section of a stem, 2-3 true leaves are reserved for the scion, the lower end is transversely cut to remove the lower end, the scion is carefully cut into a wedge shape, the length of the inclined plane is 0.8-1.0 cm equivalent to that of the wedge-shaped cut, and the cut plane is required to be neat and smooth and has a burr phenomenon. And immediately inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks to align, directly and firmly clamping the scions by using a clamp, and immediately arranging and pouring the scions into the seedbed after the whole grafting tray is completely grafted. Placing a grafting healing room.

Second, the scions are handled and supplied by specialists, and may be supplied in bulk for enhanced effectiveness. 2 leaves and 1 core are left for the scion seedlings, and the lower ends of the scion seedlings are cut into double wedges with the lengths close to 1 cm.

Thirdly, a 1cm deep cut is cut downwards from the center of the top end of the stock pile, the scion is inserted, and a round-mouth grafting clamp is used for clamping. If the seedlings are too thin, the round grafting clips may be too large, and then the flat grafting clips are used. When inserting the scion, care should be taken that if the thicknesses of the two are not the same, the cambium layers on at least one side are close together to survive, and the cambium layers are aligned on one side rather than on the center.

6.2.2 casing grafting method + double root cutting, the specific grafting operation method comprises the following steps:

the method is an innovative method, is simple, convenient and quick to operate, is easy to master in technology, is high in grafting speed and survival rate, and is an important method for producing the industrial grafted seedlings, and the grafted seedlings are convenient to produce in batches. When the eggplant stock grows 5 true leaves and the scion grows 4 true leaves and is semi-lignified, grafting is started, and a grafting interface adopts sleeve grafting.

Firstly, when 4-5 true leaves grow on the stock seedling, the method is carried out. Firstly, cutting off the stock seedling from a semi-lignified position to remove the above part (at least 5cm), removing all true leaves and cotyledons, cutting off the root of the stock by double-root-cutting, and only reserving a small amount of main roots at the base of the stem for later use.

Cutting downwards at an angle of 30-45 ℃ by a blade at a position 3-5 cm above the base of a stock seedling stem, removing the stem tip of the stock, reserving the root, selecting a sleeve with the inner diameter of 2.8mm, 3.0mm and 3.5mm according to the size of the stock seedling stem, sleeving a half of the sleeve on the stock which is learned in advance, then grafting the 1 st leaf or the 2 nd needle leaf of the scion seedling, and obliquely cutting the oblique piece at the angle of 30-45 ℃ towards the root. And inserting the cut scions into the sleeves on the stocks, wherein the scion cut surfaces are opposite to the stock cut surfaces, so that the stocks and the scion cut surfaces are closely combined, and after 20-30 stocks are cut at one time during grafting, the sleeves are inserted into the stocks one by one and then are sleeved one by one.

6.3 after double-broken root grafting, dipping the root with a 'thick root' rooting fertilizer, and then cutting in a 50-hole plug tray.

6.4 management technology after grafting of double-root-broken eggplants

TABLE 3 management of eggplant after grafting

The method comprises the following steps of keeping moisture as much as possible 3 days before grafting in a healing period, covering a mulching film tightly, keeping the relative humidity of a culture environment to be more than 90-95% in 3 days under weak light (shading according to conditions), improving the air humidity by adopting a spraying method for 2-3 times every day, avoiding direct spraying of nodule parts by a water spraying nozzle, directly preventing the joints from being rotten, carrying out ventilation for 3 days at 28-30 ℃, generally keeping the temperature constant, cutting off roots, easily causing diseases under high temperature and high humidity, carrying out ventilation for 2-3 times every day, and needing secondary spraying and sealing for moisture preservation after season change. Ventilation started on day 4 and light was gradually seen, brightened and gradually intensified on day 4. The temperature is reduced to 2-3 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 25-28 ℃ at night for 20-22 ℃, the relative humidity of air can be properly reduced for 4-7 days, the air is sprayed once a day, the humidity is maintained at 80-90%, small air can be blown in the morning and at night after 4-6 days, and the time is gradually prolonged by about 10 days when the ventilation opening is gradually increased.

For a grafting combination with strong affinity, the combination tissue of the rootstock and the scion is increased and healed to the differentiation of the microtubule bundle, which takes about 10 days. The healing can be accelerated at a proper temperature, heating equipment is needed at a low temperature in winter, and a sunshade net is adopted at a high temperature in summer. The double-broken-root grafting seedling raising keeps the conditions of heat preservation and moisture preservation properly prolonged, can promote easy injury and root formation, reduce pathogenic bacteria erosion, improve the disease resistance of seedlings, and can be matched with spraying of functional foliar fertilizer and bactericide during spraying.

Properly enhancing illumination in the growing period; setting the indoor temperature to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; after the air relative humidity is 75 percent, the leaves recover to grow, the eggplant leaves are large, the life activities are vigorous, the water consumption is high, the water supplement is emphasized, the thin film removing process is adopted for seedling management, and the normal temperature management is carried out.

7. Hardening seedling management

Grafted seedlings do not wither any more, normal management is carried out, rootstocks and adventitious roots which are at the lower part of a contact cut are timely picked off after survival and are clean and thorough, meanwhile, rhizomes and adventitious roots at the lower part of the contact cut are cut off, ventilation can be increased 5-7 days before the grafted seedlings are planted, the temperature is reduced, the moisture is reduced, the distance between plug trays is increased, the illumination time and the intensity are increased, and a bactericide is sprayed once before seedling emergence.

8. Standard finished product emergence of seedlings

The seedling age is 60-70 days in winter, 40-50 days in summer and autumn, and the seedling age of the grafted seedlings is prolonged to 10-15 days according to different seedling seasons.

The seedling stem is thick and strong, the internode is short, the plant height is 15-20cm, the diameter is thick and 0.3-0.4 cm, the seedling stem can reach 2 leaves one core to 4 leaves one core, the leaves are dark green, no diseases and insect pests exist, the grafting is well healed, the root system tightly winds the matrix to form a holding group, the holding group is pulled out from the plug tray, the flash phenomenon can not occur, when the commercial seedling is sold, the whole plug tray can be used for selling in a short distance, when the seedling is sold in a long distance, the seedling can be pulled out from the plug tray to be packed into a box, when the box is packed, the seedling root and the head are placed in a paper box or a basket in an aligned and inverted mode, water is poured once before the seedling is taken, and in addition, when the plug tray seedling is used for long-.

The rooting seaweed fertilizer is a Ruimeisi product produced by Liaoning Yinong agricultural science and technology Limited liability company; the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer is a root-polyster product produced by Liaoning agricultural science and technology Limited liability company.

The size and the age of the seedlings are determined according to the requirements of customers; strong seedlings, no disease infection, uniform and consistent internodes and no overgrowth phenomenon; the number of the plant leaves is complete, the root system is white root and wraps the substrate, and abnormal seedlings do not exist; the single batch and single tray of seedlings are neat, no cavity is formed in the tray, and no mechanical damage is caused; the seedlings which are out of the nursery are not mixed.

Before grafted seedling packaging and transporting cheap seedling packaging boxes are sold, the quantity and quality of price tables are checked in a sampling mode according to 5% of the total number of seedlings, delivery positions, varieties and quantity conditions are paid attention when the seedlings are packaged and delivered, and delivery according to the varieties and quality and quantity is guaranteed. And arranging, arranging and inserting the labels in time after boxing. Loading according to variety, quantity and sequence, covering tightly with tarpaulin after loading, and strictly preventing air leakage. The grafted seedlings are preferably transported by adopting a box container with a support, damage is reduced, the temperature in the box is kept at 13-15 ℃, the moving time does not exceed two days, and users at a short distance can directly use agricultural vehicles for farmers.

The eggplant double-root-cutting grafting industrialized seedling raising technology has the main advantages that: 1. the parental stock has high affinity and quick healing; 2. the infection chances of the soil-borne diseases (such as verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, brown spot and cotton breeding disease of the eggplant) of the eggplant are reduced to a great extent, and the secondary infection prevention effect is good after the eggplant grows into a plant; 3. the survival rate of grafted seedlings is high, the grafted seedlings are not easy to grow on vain, the seedlings are uniform and strong, the standard consistent strong seedlings are cultivated, and the vegetable seedling quality is improved; 4. the new roots are fibrous roots after the root of the stock is cut, the new roots have the capacities of absorbing nutrition and resisting diseases, the absorption capacity is stronger, the grafting and seedling reviving time is shorter, the seedling reviving is quicker, the survival rate is higher, the growth potential is stronger, the roots are powerful, the anti-adversity capacity is strong, the yield is high, and the quality is better, and the technology breaks through the defects of the conventional grafting technology; 5. the grafting process is easy to decompose, is suitable for industrial seedling culture, and reduces the labor intensity.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of tubular grafting according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the cleft grafting method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

S1 raw material preparation (inoculation stock, scion)

The excellent stock variety of eggplant is Tolubamu, and the scion eggplant variety adopts Rayswang company, such as 10-765, 602, 10-911.

The nutrition proportion of the substrate is as follows: cleisiman 416 matrix: perlite 5: 1,416 the length of the matrix fiber is 1-5 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm.

S2, inoculating rootstock and scion for accelerating germination

The rootstock tolbam is difficult to bud, uneven in bud ratio and low in bud ratio, seed soaking treatment is carried out on the rootstock tolbamine (a product of Spanish agricultural mineral company), soaking is carried out in constant-temperature hot water while stirring for 15-20 min, seed soaking is carried out for 0-5 ℃ for 24h by 800-time neramene (the seeds are stirred for 4-5 times in the period), the rootstock tolbamine is put into a germination accelerating box for 24h, seed coat mucilage is washed off by clear water, and the rootstock tolbamine and the 800-time neramene are soaked for 0-5 ℃ for 24h (the seeds are stirred for 4-5 times in the period). And then taking out the seeds, airing the seeds for 4 hours at the room temperature of 24 ℃, putting the seeds into a germination accelerating box for accelerating germination at the temperature of 30 ℃, carrying out temperature change treatment, turning over the seeds for 1 time every 4-5 hours at the room temperature of 20 ℃ for 8 hours in the day, and elutriating the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water at the night of 16 hours. Sprouting begins in 5-7 days, and the seeds can be sown when the sprouting rate reaches 60-70%. In another type, the dry seeds are adopted for direct seeding with good bud ratio and uniform vigor.

S3 sowing and transplanting management

S3.1 stock seeding

The broadcast sowing specification is that a white rice flat disc with the diameter of 30 x 60cm is soaked in pasteurization liquid with the volume of 2000 times for 12 times, and then is disinfected and cleaned for standby. The substrate (the proportion is the same as the above) is evenly paved, the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer manufactured by the company is used for thoroughly pouring according to 6000 times and 1000 times of pulex water solution, perlite (with the grain diameter of 2-4 mm) or vermiculite (with the grain diameter of 2-4 mm) is covered, and the pulex water solution is used for mixing one day ahead of time. On the same day, the seeds after germination acceleration and vermiculite (the specification is that the particle size is 1-2 mm) are mixed and stirred evenly, 100ml of vermiculite is added to 1g of tolbam, and then 2 g of seeds in each flat plate are mixed for standby.

S3.2 stock post-seeding management

In the soil breaking period of the 1 st week, proper illumination is carried out, and the temperature is 28-30 ℃ in the day and is 20-22 ℃ at night; the air humidity is 85 percent, and water is supplemented at any time; preventing damping-off in seedling stage by irrigating roots with propamocarb hydrochloride (pulex); the yellow blue plate and the insect-proof net are arranged, so that the high-temperature roasting buds are prevented.

The true leaf stage appears in week 2, and the illumination is enhanced; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; relative air humidity 80%; spraying the seaweed fertilizer for 2 times/week; using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed zinc thiazole to prevent diseases in the seedling stage; the substrate remains wet; avermectin is used to prevent insect damage in seedling stage.

In the 3 rd week growth period, the illumination is enhanced; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) for 1 time; the oxatone and cymoxanil are mixed with kasugamycin in a barrel to prevent the diseases in the seedling stage; the chlorfenapyr is used for preventing insects.

Transplanting the rootstock: transplanting the rootstocks 18-20 days after sowing the flatbeds, wherein 2 leaves and 1 core of the Tolubam are planted. Transplanting is carried out by using a 98-hole plug, the matrix proportion is the same as above, and roots are dipped by using a concentrated root rooting fertilizer which is a product self-made by a company before Tolubam transplanting. Transplanting one hole of one strain, wherein the root system is not exposed.

Management of transplanted S3 rootstocks

In the seedling recovering period of the 1 st week, the room is properly illuminated (the day temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the night temperature is 20-22 ℃), the relative humidity of the air is 80 percent, and the application is required (N-P)₂O₅-K₂20-20-20) and 6000 times of the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer, dipping the roots in the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer which is a product self-made by a company, and spraying propamocarb hydrochloride (propak) leaves to prevent damping-off and prevent seedling damage at high temperature.

In the growth period of 2 weeks, the illumination is enhanced, the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the air isRelative humidity up to 80%, (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20 times of liquid fertilizer, and using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed thiazole zinc to prevent seedling diseases.

Vigorous growth in week 3, strong illumination, 25-28 deg.C in day, 18-20 deg.C at night, 75% in relative humidity of air, and applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O20-20-20) for 1 time, using oxatone-cymoxanil caspicromycin to prevent insect pest in seedling stage, applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time.

Vigorous growth in the 4 th week, strong illumination, 25-28 ℃ in the day, 18-20 ℃ at night, 75% relative humidity of air, applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O:20-20-20) and 1 time, preventing diseases in seedling stage by using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed thiazole zinc, preventing insects by using chlorfenapyr, shortening and shading; the disease is prevented in a thin dish. .

S4 grafting and sowing

And (3) sowing the scions 3-5 days after the transplanting of the stocks, wherein a 98-hole plug is used, the matrix proportion is the same as that of the above, 1 hole is used for 1 seed, the seeds with high germination rate can be directly sown by sowing, and the seeds needing germination acceleration are sown manually.

Management of S5 scions

Week 1; germinating; 30-32 ℃ 4 days before the indoor temperature; after 3 days, the temperature is 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is 20-22 ℃; the relative humidity of air reaches 90%, and the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer self-made by a base water fertilization company is sprayed according to 108 ppm; the soil temperature was noted.

Week 2: 7-8 days for solanum torvum; the green eggplant is produced in 10-11 days; enhancing illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; relative air humidity 80%; 1 time of rooting seaweed fertilizer; the damping-off is prevented by adopting propamocarb hydrochloride (pulikes), and a yellow blue board and an insect prevention net are arranged for preventing insects; the foliage of the plants is supplemented with the plant immunizing agent.

The vigorous growth phase of week 3; enhancing illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) for 1 time; using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed thiazole zinc to prevent seedling diseases, applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) liquidThe fertilizer is fertilized for 1 time, and the abamectin is used for preventing the thrips aphid.

Vigorous growth in week 4, enhancing illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) and a 'thick root' rooting fertilizer self-made by a company are sprayed according to 108 ppm; the oxatone and cymoxanil barrel-mixed kasugamycin is adopted to prevent the diseases in the seedling stage; turning the tray and correcting seedlings; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20 liquid fertilizer for 1 time; the leaf surface nutrition is supplemented for 1 time.

Hardening seedlings in the 5 th week; enhancing illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O20-20-20) liquid fertilizer for 1 time and (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time respectively; cabbage caterpillar is prevented by using Kangbang-cabbage looper nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

S5 combination of cleft grafting and double-broken root

S5.1 grafting time: and (3) after the rootstocks are transplanted for 25-28 days, grafting the rootstock seedlings with five leaves and one core or four leaves and one core with the diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm on semi-lignified parts.

S5.2 grafting combination: and when 4-5 true leaves grow on the stock seedling. Firstly, cutting off the stock seedling from a semi-lignified position to remove the above part (at least 5cm), removing all true leaves and cotyledons, cutting off the root of the stock by double-root-cutting, and only reserving a small amount of main roots at the base of the stem for later use.

S5.2.1 cleft grafting is the most common method for grafting eggplants, a stock with a stem of similar thickness is selected to be matched with a scion, the upper part of the second 2 leaves of the stock is transversely cut by a blade to remove the upper part, a port with the depth of 1.1-1.2 cm is longitudinally cut in the middle of the cross section of the stem, 2-3 true leaves are remained after the scion is removed, the lower end is transversely cut to remove, the shape is carefully reduced to be wedge-shaped, the length of the inclined plane is 0.8-1.0 cm equivalent to that of the wedge-shaped cut, and the cut surface is required to be neat and smooth and has a burr phenomenon. And immediately inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks to align, directly and firmly clamping the scions by using a clamp, and immediately arranging and pouring the scions into the seedbed after the whole grafting tray is completely grafted. Placing a grafting healing room.

S5.2.2 the scions are handled and supplied by specialists, and may be supplied in bulk for enhanced effectiveness. 2 leaves and 1 core are left for the scion seedlings, and the lower ends of the scion seedlings are cut into double wedges with the lengths close to 1 cm.

S5.2.3 a 1cm deep cut is cut downwards from the center of the top of the stock pile, the scion is inserted and clamped tightly by a round grafting clip. If the seedlings are too thin, the round grafting clips may be too large, and then the flat grafting clips are used. When inserting the scion, care should be taken that if the thicknesses of the two are not the same, the cambium layers on at least one side are close together to survive, and the cambium layers are aligned on one side rather than on the center.

S5.2.4 notes: the grafted seedling is in a poor water shortage state before grafting, so that branches and leaves from a cut are thick and beneficial to healing of a grafting interface, watering is carried out after grafting, accumulated branches and leaves between a stock and a scion flow faster and are more beneficial to healing of a seedling adding wound, a blade used for grafting is sharp, about 150 pieces of generally every piece of blade-printed seedling are replaced in time, and an operator can easily sterilize the blade with alcohol or a pasteurization liquid during grafting so as to avoid virus cross infection. Meanwhile, the disinfected hands and blades are required to be aired to be used for grafting the ear incision, otherwise, the incision is difficult to be soaked with liquid medicine.

S6.6 management after grafting of eggplant

A first week; a healing period; the grafted seedlings are quickly placed under a mulching film for moisture preservation and are strictly shaded. Meanwhile, the temperature is ensured to be not higher than 30 ℃ and not lower than 25 ℃. The grafted seedlings need special management for about 6-8 days, namely, the moisture preservation and shading are gradually transited to normal management.

The method comprises the following steps of moisturizing as much as possible 3 days before grafting, covering a mulching film tightly, keeping the relative humidity of a culture environment to be more than 90-95% in 3 days under weak light (shading according to conditions), improving the air humidity by adopting a spraying method for 2-3 times every day, avoiding direct spraying of a water spraying nozzle on a nodule part, directly preventing a connector from being rotten, carrying out ventilation for 3 days at 28-30 ℃, generally not ventilating, easily causing diseases under high temperature and high humidity when cutting off roots, carrying out ventilation for 2-3 times every day, and needing secondary spraying and airtight moisturizing after season change. Ventilation started on day 4 and light was gradually seen, brightened and gradually intensified on day 4. Reducing the temperature by 2-3 ℃ to 25-28 ℃ at night for 20-22 ℃ for 4-7 days, properly reducing the relative humidity of air, spraying once a day, maintaining the humidity at 80-90%, ventilating small air in the morning and evening after 4-6 days, gradually prolonging the ventilation time by about 10 days when the ventilation opening is gradually increased, and increasing the nutrition by using a functional foliar fertilizer; the yellow blueboards, insect prevention net worms and acarid nitriles prevent insect damage in the seedling stage; after 5-6 days, the rooting seaweed fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time.

For a grafting combination with strong healing force, about 10 days are required from the growth and healing of the combined tissues of the rootstock and the scion to the differentiation and formation of the microtubule bundle. The healing can be accelerated at a proper temperature, heating equipment is needed at a low temperature in winter, and a sunshade net is adopted at a high temperature in summer. The double-broken-root grafting seedling raising keeps the conditions of heat preservation and moisture preservation properly prolonged, can promote easy injury and root development, reduce pathogenic bacteria erosion and improve the disease resistance of seedlings, and can be matched with spraying of a yield increasing agent and a bactericide during spraying.

In the second week: in the growing period, the illumination is enhanced; indoor day is 25-28 ℃ and night is 18-20 ℃; the relative humidity of air reaches 5%; propamocarb hydrochloride is used for preventing seedling diseases; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-19-19, and supplementing the foliar fertilizer for 1 time. 9-10 days (when seedlings are short, the number of the seedlings is increased); late use (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time, and adding a small amount of calcium magnesium fertilizer.

After the seedlings survive, the leaves recover to grow after one week, the eggplant leaves are large, the life activities are vigorous, the water consumption is high, the water supplement is emphasized, the film schedule is removed, the seedling management is carried out, and the normal temperature management is carried out.

S7 hardening management

Grafted seedlings do not wither any more, normal management is carried out, rootstocks and adventitious roots which are at the lower part of a contact cut are timely picked off after survival and are clean and thorough, meanwhile, rhizomes and adventitious roots at the lower part of the contact cut are cut off, ventilation can be increased 5-7 days before the grafted seedlings are planted, the temperature is reduced, the moisture is reduced, the distance between plug trays is increased, the illumination time and the intensity are increased, and a bactericide is sprayed once before seedling emergence.

S8 Standard finished product seedling emergence

The seedling age is 60-70 days in winter, 40-50 days in summer and autumn, and the seedling age of the grafted seedlings is prolonged to 10-15 days according to different seedling seasons.

The seedling stem is thick and strong, the internode is short, the plant height is 15-20cm, the diameter is thick and 0.3-0.4 cm, the stem reaches 2 leaves one core to 4 leaves one core, the leaves are dark green, no diseases and insect pests exist, the grafting is well healed, the root system tightly winds the matrix to form a cluster, the cluster is pulled out from the plug tray, the flash phenomenon cannot occur, when the commercial seedling is sold, the whole plug tray can be sold in a short distance, when the seedling is sold in a long distance, the seedling can be pulled out from the plug tray to be packed into a box, when the box is packed, the seedling root and the head are placed in a paper box or a basket in an aligned and neat and inverted mode, water is poured once before the seedling is taken, and in addition, when the plug tray seedling is transported in a long distance in winter, the.

Example 2

L.1-L3 are performed in the same manner as S1-S3.

L4 casing grafting method and double-root-cutting combination

L4.1 grafting time: and (3) after the rootstocks are transplanted for 25-28 days, grafting the rootstock seedlings with five leaves and one core or four leaves and one core with the diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm on semi-lignified parts.

L4.2 grafting method combination: sleeve type grafting method and double-root-cutting combination

L4.2.1 grafting combination: and when 4-5 true leaves grow on the stock seedling. Firstly, cutting off the stock seedling from a semi-lignified position to remove the above part (at least 5cm), removing all true leaves and cotyledons, cutting off the root of the stock by double-root-cutting, and only reserving a small amount of main roots at the base of the stem for later use.

The method has the advantages of simple and quick operation, easy mastering of technology, high grafting speed and high survival rate, and is an important method for producing the industrial grafted seedlings, which is convenient for batch production of the grafted seedlings. Grafting is started when 5 true leaves and 4 true leaves of a scion grow from an eggplant stock and semi-lignification, a grafting interface is grafted by adopting a sleeve, a blade is used for downward oblique cutting at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ at the position 3-5 cm above the base of a stock seedling stem, the stem tip of the stock is removed, the root is reserved, the sleeve with the inner diameter of 2.8mm, 3.0mm and 3.5mm is selected according to the size of the stock seedling stem, the inner diameter is equivalent to or about smaller than the size of the stock stem, one half of the sleeve is sleeved on the stock which is learned in advance, the 1 st leaf or the 2 nd needle leaf of the scion seedling is then obliquely cut at the root angular direction of 30-45 ℃. And inserting the cut scions into the sleeves on the stocks, wherein the scion cut surfaces are opposite to the stock cut surfaces, so that the stocks and the scion cut surfaces are closely combined, and after 20-30 stocks are cut at one time during grafting, the sleeves are inserted into the stocks one by one and then are sleeved one by one.

L4.2.2 the scions are handled and supplied by specialists, and may be supplied in bulk for enhanced effectiveness. 2 leaves and 1 core are left for the scion seedlings, and the lower ends of the scion seedlings are cut into double wedges with the lengths close to 1 cm.

L4.2.3 a 1cm deep cut is cut downwards from the center of the top of the stock pile, the scion is inserted and clamped tightly by a round grafting clip. If the seedlings are too thin, the round grafting clips may be too large, and then the flat grafting clips are used. When inserting the scion, care should be taken that if the thicknesses of the two are not the same, the cambium layers on at least one side are close together to survive, and the cambium layers are aligned on one side rather than on the center.

L4.2.4 notes: the grafted seedling is in a poor water shortage state before grafting, so that branches and leaves from a cut are thick and beneficial to healing of a grafting interface, watering is carried out after grafting, accumulated branches and leaves between a stock and a scion flow faster and are more beneficial to healing of a seedling adding wound, a blade used for grafting is sharp, about 150 pieces of generally every piece of blade-printed seedling are replaced in time, and an operator can easily sterilize the blade with alcohol or a pasteurization liquid during grafting so as to avoid virus cross infection. Meanwhile, the disinfected hands and blades are required to be aired to be used for grafting the ear incision, otherwise, the incision is difficult to be soaked with liquid medicine.

L4.2.5 management after eggplant grafting:

a first week; a healing period; the grafted seedlings are quickly placed under a mulching film for moisture preservation and are strictly shaded. Meanwhile, the temperature is ensured to be not higher than 30 ℃ and not lower than 25 ℃. The grafted seedlings need special management for about 6-8 days, namely, the moisture preservation and shading are gradually transited to normal management.

The method is characterized in that moisture is kept as much as possible 3 days before grafting, mulching films are covered tightly, the relative humidity of a culture environment is kept to be more than 90-95% in 3 days under weak light (shading according to conditions), the air humidity is improved by adopting a spraying method for 2-3 times every day, a water spraying nozzle is used for avoiding direct spraying of nodule parts, a direct interface is rotten, the temperature is 28-30 ℃ for 3 days, ventilation is generally not performed, the root is cut off, diseases are easy to occur under high temperature and high humidity, 2-3 times of ventilation are performed every day, and secondary spraying and closed moisture preservation are needed after season change. Ventilation started on day 4 and light was gradually seen, brightened and gradually intensified on day 4. Reducing the temperature, wherein the temperature is reduced to 2-3 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 25-28 ℃, the temperature is 20-22 ℃ at night, the air relative humidity can be properly reduced for 4-7 days, the spraying is carried out once a day, the humidity is maintained at 80-90%, the small air can be blown in the morning and at night after 4-6 days, the time is gradually prolonged by about 10 days when the ventilation opening is gradually increased, and the nutrition is increased by using a functional foliar fertilizer; the yellow blueboards, insect prevention net worms and acarid nitriles prevent insect damage in the seedling stage; after 5-6 days, the rooting seaweed fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time.

For a grafting combination with strong healing force, about 10 days are required from the growth and healing of the combined tissues of the rootstock and the scion to the differentiation and formation of the microtubule bundle. The healing can be accelerated at a proper temperature, heating equipment is needed at a low temperature in winter, and a sunshade net is adopted at a high temperature in summer. The double-broken-root grafting seedling raising keeps the conditions of heat preservation and moisture preservation properly prolonged, can promote easy injury and root development, reduce pathogenic bacteria erosion and improve the disease resistance of seedlings, and can be matched with spraying of a yield increasing agent and a bactericide during spraying.

In the second week: in the growing period, the illumination is enhanced; indoor day is 25-28 ℃ and night is 18-20 ℃; the relative humidity of air reaches 5%; propamocarb hydrochloride is used for preventing seedling diseases; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-19-19) for 1 time and supplementing the foliar fertilizer. 9-10 days (when seedlings are short, the number of the seedlings is increased); late use (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time, and adding a small amount of calcium magnesium fertilizer.

After the survival rate of the seedlings survives, the leaves recover to grow after one week, the leaves of the eggplant are large, the life activity is vigorous, the water consumption is high, the water supplement is emphasized, the film progress is removed, the seedling management is carried out, and the normal temperature management is carried out.

After grafting, the roots are dipped by 6000 times by using a 'thick root' rooting fertilizer which is a product self-made by a company, and then the roots are inserted into a 50-hole plug tray.

The methods of L5-L6 are identical to those of S5-S6.

Test effects

The eggplant double-root-cutting grafting industrialized seedling raising technology is proved by the following tests that 1, the rootstock has high affinity and quick healing; 2. the soil-borne diseases of the eggplant (verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt, brown spot, cotton breeding disease and the like) are reduced to a great extent; 3. the survival rate of grafted seedlings is high, the grafted seedlings are not easy to grow on vain, the seedlings are uniform and strong, the standard consistent strong seedlings are cultivated, and the vegetable seedling quality is improved; 4. the grafting process is easy to decompose, is suitable for industrial seedling culture, and reduces the labor intensity.

The wild eggplant Tuolubamu is used as a rootstock, and the scion eggplant variety is subjected to scion experiments of the eggplant varieties mainly cultivated locally by Rayswang company, such as 10-765, 10-602, 10-911, Angila and 7008. The experimental results show that. The varieties 10-765, 10-602, 10-911, Anji La and 7008 have good grafting compatibility with the Tuolubamu stock, the grafting effect is not bad, and the yield difference is not obvious.

TABLE 4 comparison of the vegetative shape of different scion varieties of grafted eggplant

TABLE 5 survival rate of eggplant grafted by different scions and influence on fruit

TABLE 6 Effect of different scions on eggplant grafting disease resistance

In 10-765, 10-602, 10-911, Angira and 7008, the grafting healing combination with the rootstock is better, and no adverse reaction is caused to the result. The grafting survival rate of 5 varieties is over 90 percent, and no adverse effect is caused. From the aspect of grafted disease resistance, the grafted seedlings of 10-765, 10-602, 10-911, Angira and 7008 resist verticillium wilt and physiological diseases. Has good control effect on phytophthora blight, bacterial wilt and brown spot. Comprehensive properties of 5 varieties are better than those of the other 5 varieties, and the method is suitable for local cultivation and popularization. Comparing 4 grafting methods by taking Anjella as a cultivation grafting scion.

TABLE 7 Effect of different grafting methods on the efficiency of grafting eggplant

Treatment of	Grafting Rate (Strain/h)	The survival rate is high	Work efficiency	The seedling rate%
					Cleft grafting method	63	96.5	60.78	93
Double-root-cutting and cleft grafting method	60	97.5	58.5	94.5
					Casing pipe connecting method	135	97.6	131.76	97
Double-broken-root and casing connection method	128	98.2	125.69	98

Note: grafting efficiency is equal to grafting speed multiplied by grafting survival rate

The grafting speed is obviously higher than that of the cleft grafting method by adopting the sleeve oblique cutting method. Said invented method can be used for cleft-grafting and sleeve-grafting. Slightly increased in workload, but with little labor. From the viewpoint of the amount of labor used and the efficiency, you say that the casing joining method is the best.

TABLE 8 Effect of different grafting methods on eggplant seedling growth and Strong seedling index

After the cleft grafting method is finished on the day of grafting, the indexes such as diameter, plant height, maximum leaf area and the like are obviously higher than those of a sleeve grafting method. And after 30 days of grafting, the combination difference of the plant height, the diameter is thick, the plant height and the maximum leaf area is 4, the growth rate of the grafted sleeve seedling is faster than that of the grafted split-grafting seedling, the root activity of the split-grafting is obviously higher than that of the sleeve grafted seedling, and the root activity of the sleeve grafted seedling is obviously higher than that of the split-grafting seedling within 30 days after grafting.

TABLE 9 Effect of different grafting methods on eggplant growth and early yield

The influence of various physiological indexes and yield indexes after the grafted seedlings are planted by the cleft grafting method and the sleeve method has no obvious difference.

The foregoing disclosure discloses only a few specific embodiments of the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can substantially vary the scope of the invention.

The eggplant double-root-breaking grafting technology is matched with an industrial seedling water, fertilizer and disease management technology with independent property rights, and plays a promoting role in promoting the progress of the high-quality eggplant seedling industry and promoting the income increase of farmers.

Claims (9)

1. A factory eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: equipment debugging, raw material preparation, substrate nutrition proportioning, germination accelerating treatment, seeding and transplanting, double-broken-root grafting, seedling exercising management and standard finished product seedling emergence.

2. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material preparation comprises inoculation of rootstocks and scions.

3. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is prepared from Clasmann 416 by a mass ratio of nutrients: perlite 5: 1,416 the length of the matrix fiber is 1-5 mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 2-4 mm.

4. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the germination accelerating treatment adopts a method combining chemical and temperature change treatment; soaking in constant-temperature hot water while stirring for 15-20 min, stirring the seeds for 4-5 times during a period of soaking the seeds with nitamine at 0-5 ℃ for 24h, putting the seeds into a germination accelerating box for 24h, washing off seed coat mucilage with clear water, and stirring the seeds for 4-5 times again during a period of soaking the seeds with nitamine at 0-5 ℃ for 24 h; then taking out the seeds, airing the seeds for 4 hours at the room temperature of 24 ℃, putting the seeds into a germination accelerating box for accelerating germination at the temperature of 30 ℃, carrying out temperature change treatment, turning over the seeds for 1 time every 4-5 hours in the daytime at the room temperature of 20 ℃ for 8 hours at 30 ℃ at night, and elutriating the seeds for 2-3 times by using clear water; sprouting begins in 5-7 days, and sowing can be carried out when the sprouting rate reaches 60-70%; in another type, the dry seeds are adopted for direct seeding with good bud ratio and uniform vigor.

5. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method according to claim 4, characterized in that the seeding and transplanting management is as follows:

s1 rootstock sowing:

broadcasting a white rice flat disc with the specification of 30 x 60cm, disinfecting and cleaning for later use after 12-time soaking in 2000 times of pasteurization liquid; uniformly paving a substrate, thoroughly pouring a 'concentrated root' rooting fertilizer prepared by a company according to 6000 times of the 'concentrated root' rooting fertilizer and a propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution, covering perlite or vermiculite, uniformly mixing the propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution one day in advance, uniformly mixing the seeds after germination acceleration and the vermiculite in the same day, mixing 1g of tolbam with 100ml of vermiculite, and uniformly mixing 2 g of seeds in each flat plate for later use;

s2 stock post-sowing management

In the soil breaking period of the 1 st week, proper illumination is carried out, and the temperature is 28-30 ℃ in the day and is 20-22 ℃ at night; the air humidity is 85 percent, and water is supplemented at any time; preventing damping-off in seedling stage by irrigating roots with propamocarb hydrochloride (pulex); arranging a yellow blue plate and an insect-proof net, and paying attention to prevent high-temperature roasting buds;

the true leaf stage appears in week 2, and the illumination is enhanced; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; relative air humidity 80%; spraying the seaweed fertilizer for 2 times/week; using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed zinc thiazole to prevent diseases in the seedling stage; the substrate remains wet; using avermectin to prevent insect damage in the seedling stage;

in the 3 rd week growth period, the illumination is enhanced; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) for 1 time; the oxatone and cymoxanil are mixed with kasugamycin in a barrel to prevent the diseases in the seedling stage; using chlorfenapyr to prevent insects;

transplanting the rootstock: transplanting the rootstocks 18-20 days after sowing the flatbeds, wherein 2 leaves and 1 core of the Tolubam are planted; transplanting by using a 98-hole plug, wherein the matrix proportion is the same as above, and before the Tolubam is transplanted, a product 'thick root' rooting fertilizer manufactured by a company is used for dipping the roots; transplanting one hole of one strain, wherein the root system is not exposed;

management of transplanted S3 rootstocks

In the seedling recovering period of the 1 st week, the room is properly illuminated (the day temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the night temperature is 20-22 ℃), the relative humidity of the air is 80 percent, and the application is required (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O20-20-20) 1 time + use companyThe product 'thick root' rooting fertilizer is sprayed on a seedbed according to 108ppm and dipped in roots, and propamocarb hydrochloride (pulicarb) is sprayed on leaves to prevent damping-off and high-temperature seedling damage;

in the growth period of 2 weeks, the illumination is enhanced, the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is 18-20 ℃, the relative humidity of air reaches 80 percent, and (N-P) is applied₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) for 1-2 times, and preventing diseases in the seedling stage by using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed zinc thiazole;

vigorous growth in week 3, strong illumination, 25-28 deg.C in day, 18-20 deg.C at night, 75% in relative humidity of air, and applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O20-20-20) for 1 time, using oxatone-cymoxanil caspicromycin to prevent insect pest in seedling stage, applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time;

vigorous growth in the 4 th week, strong illumination, 25-28 ℃ in the day, 18-20 ℃ at night, 75% relative humidity of air, applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O:20-20-20) for 1 time, adding a rooting seaweed fertilizer for 1 time, preventing diseases in the seedling stage by using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed thiazole zinc, preventing insects by using chlorfenapyr, shortening and shading; disease prevention in a thin dish;

s4 grafting and sowing

And (3) sowing the scions 3-5 days after the transplanting of the stocks, wherein a 98-hole plug is used, the matrix proportion is the same as that of the above, 1 hole is used for 1 seed, the seeds with high germination rate can be directly sown by sowing, and the seeds needing germination acceleration are sown manually.

Management of S5 scions

Week 1; germinating; 30-32 ℃ 4 days before the indoor temperature; after 3 days, the temperature is 28-30 ℃ and the night temperature is 20-22 ℃; the relative humidity of air reaches 90%, and the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer self-made by a base water fertilization company is sprayed according to 108 ppm; attention is paid to the soil temperature;

week 2: 7-8 days for solanum torvum; the green eggplant is produced in 10-11 days; enhancing illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; relative air humidity 80%; applying rooting seaweed fertilizer for 1 time; the damping-off is prevented by adopting propamocarb hydrochloride (pulikes), and a yellow blue board and an insect prevention net are arranged for preventing insects; supplementing plant immunizing agent to leaf surface;

week 3: in the vigorous growth period; enhancing illumination; day temperature 25The temperature is 18-20 ℃ at night at the temperature of-28 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) for 1 time; using thiophanate methyl barrel mixed thiazole zinc to prevent seedling diseases, applying (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time, and using abamectin to prevent thrips aphid;

week 4: vigorous growth and enhanced illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-20-20) is sprayed with the 'thick root' rooting fertilizer made by the company for 1 time according to 108 ppm; the oxatone and cymoxanil barrel-mixed kasugamycin is adopted to prevent the diseases in the seedling stage; turning the tray and correcting seedlings; applying 20-20-20 times of liquid fertilizer; supplementing nutrition to leaf surface for 1 time;

hardening seedlings in the 5 th week; enhancing illumination; the day temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; air relative humidity 75%; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂20-20-20) and (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time respectively; cabbage caterpillar is prevented by using Kangbang-cabbage looper nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

6. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the double-root-cutting grafting is a combination of a cleft grafting method and double root-cutting,

and S5 grafting time: after 25-28 days of transplanting the rootstocks, grafting five leaves and one core or four leaves and one core of the rootstock seedlings with the diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm on semi-lignified parts;

s5.1 grafting combination: when 4-5 true leaves grow on the stock seedling; firstly, cutting off at least 5cm of the stock seedling from a semi-lignified position, removing all main leaves and cotyledons, cutting off the root of the stock by double-root-cutting, and only reserving a small amount of main roots at the base of the stem for later use;

s5.2, performing cleft grafting and double root cutting, selecting a stock with a stem with a similar thickness and a scion, matching the stock with the scion, transversely cutting the upper part of the second 2 leaves of the stock by using a blade to remove the upper part, longitudinally cutting a joint with the depth of 1.1-1.2 cm in the middle of the cross section of the stem, removing the scion and reserving 2-3 true leaves, transversely cutting the lower end, carefully cutting the stem into a wedge shape, wherein the length of the inclined plane is 0.8-1.0 cm equivalent to that of the wedge-shaped cut, and solving the problem that the cut surface is neat and smooth and has no burr; immediately inserting the scions into the cuts of the stocks to align, directly and firmly clamping the scions by using a clamp, and immediately arranging and falling the seedbed after the whole grafting disc is completed; placing a grafting healing room;

s5.3, the scions are processed and supplied by a specially-assigned person; 2 leaves and 1 core of the scion seedlings are reserved, the lower ends of the scion seedlings are cut into double wedges with the inclined planes and the lengths close to 1 cm;

s5.4, a 1 cm-deep notch is cut downwards from the center of the top end of the stock pile, the scion is inserted, and a round-mouth grafting clamp is used for clamping; if the seedlings are too thin and the round grafting clips are possibly too large, the flat grafting clips are used; when the scion is inserted, the thickness of the scion and the thickness of the scion are not consistent, one side of the scion is aligned with the center of the scion, and the cambium on at least one side of the scion is close to each other to survive;

s5.5 notes: grafted seedlings are in a poor water shortage state before grafting, branches and leaves from the cut are sticky and are favorable for healing of a grafting interface, watering is carried out after grafting, grafted branches and leaves between a stock and a scion flow faster and are favorable for healing of a seedling adding wound, blades used for grafting are sharp, about 150 grafted blades are generally replaced in time, and the blades and more blades are easily disinfected by alcohol or pasteurization liquid by operators during grafting so as to avoid virus cross infection; meanwhile, the disinfected hands and blades are required to be aired to be connected with the ear incision, otherwise, the incision is difficult to be soaked with liquid medicine;

s5.6 management after grafting of eggplant

In the first week: a healing period; quickly placing the grafted seedlings under a mulching film for moisturizing and strictly shading; meanwhile, the temperature is ensured to be not higher than 30 ℃ and not lower than 25 ℃. The grafted seedlings need special management for about 6-8 days, namely, the moisture preservation and shading are gradually transited to normal management;

moisturizing as much as possible 3 days before grafting, covering a mulching film tightly, keeping the relative humidity of a culture environment to be more than 90-95% in 3 days with weak light, improving the air humidity by adopting a spraying method for 2-3 times every day, avoiding directly spraying a nodule part by a water spraying nozzle, directly preventing the nodule part from being rotten at a joint, ventilating normally at 28-30 ℃ for 3 days, easily causing diseases by cutting off roots and cutting off roots under high temperature and high humidity, ventilating 2-3 times every day, and spraying again and keeping moisture hermetically after season change; ventilation and gradual light exposure for 4 days, increasing light and gradually strengthening light from 4 days; reducing the temperature by 2-3 ℃ to 25-28 ℃ at night for 20-22 ℃ for 4-7 days, properly reducing the relative humidity of air, spraying once a day, maintaining the humidity at 80-90%, ventilating in the morning and evening after 4-6 days, gradually prolonging the time for 8-12 days when the ventilation is gradually increased by a ventilation opening, and increasing the nutrition by using a functional foliar fertilizer; the yellow blueboards, insect prevention net worms and acarid nitriles prevent insect damage in the seedling stage; spraying a rooting seaweed fertilizer of a company for 1 time after 5 to 6 days;

for the grafting combination with strong healing force, the combination tissue of the rootstock and the scion is increased and healed to the differentiation of the microtubule bundle, which needs 8 to 12 days; the healing can be accelerated at proper temperature, equipment needs to be heated at low temperature in winter, and a sunshade net is adopted at high temperature in summer; the double-broken-root grafting seedling raising keeps the conditions of heat preservation and moisture preservation properly prolonged, can promote easy injury and root development, reduce pathogenic bacteria erosion and improve the disease resistance of seedlings, and can be matched with spraying of a yield increasing agent and a bactericide during spraying;

in the second week: in the growing period, the illumination is enhanced; indoor day is 25-28 ℃ and night is 18-20 ℃; the relative humidity of air reaches 5%; propamocarb hydrochloride is used for preventing seedling diseases; (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O, 20-19-19) for 1 time, supplementing the leaf fertilizer, and adding the leaf fertilizer when the seedlings are short for 9-10 days; late use (N-P)₂O₅-K₂O11-8-34) for 1 time, adding a small amount of calcium magnesium fertilizer;

after the seedlings survive, the leaves recover to grow after one week, the eggplant leaves are large, the life activities are vigorous, the water consumption is high, the water supplement is emphasized, the film schedule is removed, the seedling management is carried out, and the normal temperature management is carried out.

7. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the double-root-cutting grafting is a combination of a casing method and a double-root-cutting method;

s6 casing method and double-broken-root combination

S6.1 grafting time: after 25-28 days of transplanting the rootstocks, grafting five leaves and one core or four leaves and one core of the rootstock seedlings with the diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm on semi-lignified parts;

s6.2 grafting combination: when 4-5 true leaves grow on the stock seedling; firstly, cutting off at least 5cm of the stock seedling from a semi-lignified position, removing all main leaves and cotyledons, cutting off the root of the stock by double-root-cutting, and only reserving a small amount of main roots at the base of the stem for later use;

s6.2 casing-pipe type + double-root-cutting grafting method

Grafting is started when 5 true leaves and 4 true leaves of a scion grow from an eggplant stock and semi-lignification, a grafting interface is grafted by adopting a sleeve, a blade is used for downward oblique cutting at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ at the position 3-5 cm above the base of a stock seedling stem, the stem tip of the stock is removed, the root is reserved, the sleeve with the inner diameter of 2.8mm, 3.0mm and 3.5mm is selected according to the size of the stock seedling stem, the inner diameter is equivalent to or about smaller than the size of the stock stem, one half of the sleeve is sleeved on the stock which is learned in advance, then the 1 st leaf or the 2 nd needle leaf of the scion seedling is grafted, and the oblique sheet is obliquely cut at the root direction at the temperature of 30-45 ℃; inserting the cut scions into sleeves on the stocks, wherein the scion cut surfaces are opposite to the stock cut surfaces, so that the stocks and the scion cut surfaces are ensured to be closely combined, and after 20-30 stocks are cut at one time during grafting, the sleeves are inserted into the stocks one by one, and are sleeved one by one;

s6.3 is consistent with S5.3 in requirements;

and S6.4 the management technology after eggplant grafting is consistent with the requirement of S5.4.

8. The factory eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method as claimed in any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the seedling exercising management steps are as follows:

grafted seedlings do not wither any more, normal management is carried out, rootstocks and adventitious roots which are in contact with the lower portion of a cut are timely picked off after survival and are clean and thorough, meanwhile, rhizomes and adventitious roots which are in contact with the lower portion of the cut are cut off, ventilation is increased 5-7 days before the grafted seedlings are planted, the temperature is reduced, moisture is reduced, the distance between plug trays is increased, the illumination time and the intensity are increased, and a bactericide is sprayed once before seedling emergence.

9. The industrial eggplant double-root-cutting grafting seedling raising method according to claim 8, wherein the standard finished product seedling emergence comprises the following specific steps:

the seedling age is 60-70 days in winter, 40-50 days in summer and autumn, and the seedling age of the grafted seedlings is prolonged to 10-15 days according to different seedling seasons.

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