CN114009296A - Cultivation method of Korean lily - Google Patents
Cultivation method of Korean lily Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009296A CN114009296A CN202111412640.XA CN202111412640A CN114009296A CN 114009296 A CN114009296 A CN 114009296A CN 202111412640 A CN202111412640 A CN 202111412640A CN 114009296 A CN114009296 A CN 114009296A
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- lilium
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- IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fenaminosulf Chemical compound [Na+].CN(C)C1=CC=C(N=NS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a Lilium amabilie, which comprises the following steps of soil disinfection, sexual propagation or asexual propagation, fertilization, pest control, field management and other technologies in the year before planting, and the fresh cut flowers and seed balls of the Lilium amabilie are obtained through artificial culture. The cultivation method of the lilium koreanum can be used for artificially planting the lilium koreanum, comprises two methods of sexual propagation and asexual propagation, seeds obtained through artificial cultivation management are full, seed balls are large, diseases and insect pests do not exist, the lilium koreanum can be cultivated and can easily survive, the flower color of the cut flowers is red and bright, the cut flowers are striking and happy, and great economic benefits are generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a Korean lily.
Background
The Korean lily (Lilium amarile) is a perennial herb and is 40-100 cm high. The bulb is oval in shape, 3-4.5 cm in height, 2-3 cm in diameter, and many scales are arranged in a double tile shape, and the bulb is in a needle shape or a narrow oval shape, 1.5-3 cm in length, 1-1.5 cm in width, sharp in tip and white. Cylindrical stem, light green, densely covered with white, reverse-folded short bristles. The leaves are intertriginous, dense, long and round, needle-shaped or needle-shaped, 3-9 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, dense white short bristles with 3-4 veins on both sides, no handle at the base, pointed or slightly blunt at the tip, and curved short cilia at the edge. 1-6 flowers are arranged into a general inflorescence or an approximately umbrella-shaped inflorescence, the pedicel is 2.5-5 cm long, and is formed by white short bristles, and the part close to the top end is bent downwards; 1-2 bracts, leaf-shaped, 1-2.5 cm long, 0.3-1 cm wide, tapered or slightly thick at the tip, white short bristles, red corolla, black spots and drooping; the quilt sheet 6 is arranged in two wheels, the outer wheel is in a needle shape, the base part is narrow, the inner wheel is in an egg-shaped needle shape, the base part is provided with claws and small grooves, the length is 3.5-5.5 cm, the width is 1-1.6 cm, two sides of a honey gland are provided with black purple papilla, the stamen is 6, the filigree is in a diamond shape, the length is 2-4 cm, the hair is absent, the anther is in an oblong shape, the length is 5-10 mm, and the color is black; the ovary is long and round, the length of the ovary is about 1cm, the edge is provided, the length of the flower column is 2-2.5 cm, the flower column is longer than the ovary (more than 2 times of the ovary), the column head is slightly split, and the flower column is light red. The plastic fruit is in an inverted oval shape or an elliptical shape, the length of the plastic fruit is 2-3 cm, the width of the plastic fruit is 1.5-1.8 cm, the plastic fruit is upright, and the top end of the plastic fruit is concave. The flowering period is 6-7 months, and the fruit period is 8-9 months.
The soil is deep in soil layer, good in drainage, fertile, humus-rich sandy loam, clay is avoided, and the soil is suitable for acid to slightly acid soil. The cultivation in the forest area needs to consider whether the natural disasters such as a water passing area, a frost way and the like are concentrated after rain. The survey also needs to be carried out, wherein the survey comprises the highest and lowest temperature start and stop time, the annual average temperature, the annual rainfall, the monthly rainfall, the maximum rainfall, the rainy season, the dry season time, the wind power, the wind direction and the easy-to-rise time, and the frost and snow start and stop date. Particularly, in recent years, due to environmental changes, the frequency of occurrence of extremely severe weather such as fog, hail, acid rain, sand storm, and the like is an investigation range. In addition, whether large-scale plants exist around the plant, whether sewage discharge influences the planting base, and whether soot and dust treatment reaches the standard need to be investigated. When planting in a forest area, the relevance of peripheral vegetation to the planting base such as soil, fertility, pH value and soil layer thickness to the planting ground, the wind shielding strength of the peripheral vegetation under the vertical distribution zone and the influence of the peripheral vegetation under the microclimate condition on the planting base are also considered. The Korean lily has low requirement on climate, can be cultivated in northeast and inner Mongolia regions, has strong cold resistance, can grow under the condition of 5-30 ℃, and is suitable for the growth temperature of 20-28 ℃.
In the distribution area of the Korean lily, the distribution is wide in three provinces in northeast, the quantity of Changbai mountain areas is rare at present, and wild distribution is only occasionally seen in Liaoning province. The plant is listed as a rare or endangered plant in the article of 'research on the preferential protection sequence of rare or endangered plants in Changbai mountain area'.
For the artificial cultivation of the lilies korea, no detailed prior art is supported. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is provided for better protecting and propagating the Korean lily.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method of a Korean lily. The globe lily is planted artificially, the obtained seed balls are large and full, and the flower color of the fresh cut flowers is red and gorgeous.
The scheme of the invention is to provide a cultivation method of a Korean lily, which comprises the following steps:
(1) soil disinfection: in autumn before planting, disinfecting the soil to be planted, applying fertilizer and rotary tillage soil, and finally sealing the soil by plastic cloth;
(2) and (3) propagation: ridging in spring, and planting seeds, scales and scale cores in the sterilized soil;
(3) fertilizing: spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 15-20 days from the 15 th-20 th day after seedling emergence in the current planting year; dressing the compound fertilizer for the 1 st time in the 2 nd and later 5 th month of each year after planting, applying the compound fertilizer for the 2 nd time in the last 6 th month, and applying the compound fertilizer for the 3 rd time in the last 6 th month;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: spraying for the first time to kill overwintering bacteria and ova in the garden; carrying out full-garden spraying for the 2 nd time when the Korean lily sprouts to 5-20 cm, and carrying out spraying for the 3 rd time 20-30 days after the full-garden spraying for the 2 nd time, wherein the spraying for the 3 rd time is to spray plants and permeate to the roots;
(5) field management: weeding in the field is carried out for more than 3 times each year; the buds are removed in time when the buds are planted in the 2a stage, so that the situation that the buds compete for nutrients with bulbs and the yield and the quality of the bulbs are influenced is avoided;
(6) seed harvesting: and 3a, picking mature seeds and airing the seeds, removing immature seeds by air separation, drying and storing the seeds.
Wherein, in the step (1), 90 wt% of fenaminosulf wettable powder is adopted to disinfect the soil which is not planted with the liliaceae plants; the soil with the previous crop being lily is disinfected with broad-spectrum soil disinfectant. The dosage of the broad-spectrum soil disinfectant for killing the soil rapidly is as follows: the soil for growing Liliaceae plants above 3a has a dosage of 150g/m2Planting 1-3 a Liliaceae plant or Solanaceae plant in soil each 667m2The dosage of the composition is 20-30 kg. In addition, when the broad-spectrum soil disinfectant capable of extinguishing quickly is used, the water content of the soil is kept between 50 and 60 percent, and the application amount is every 667m23000kg of organic fertilizer is applied (soil mixing and fermentation are carried out, and the ratio of the fertilizer to the soil is 1: 1). It is emphasized that the organic fertilizer containing more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied and the soil is rotary-cultivated by more than 0.2 m.
Preferably, in the step (2), the width of the ridge is 1-1.9 m, the width of the bottom of the ridge stem is 1.2-1.4 m, the width of the top of the ridge stem is 1.0-1.2 m, the height of the ridge stem is 0.2m, and the operation channel is 0.5 m.
Preferably, in the step (2), the propagation includes sexual propagation and asexual propagation, the sexual propagation is to plant seeds directly to the sterilized soil, and the seeds are seeds formed after the lilium koreanum grows to the 3 rd flowering; the vegetative propagation is planting of scale cores (bulbs) or scale cutting into the sterilized soil.
Preferably, in the step (2), bulbs with the diameter of more than 3a and the diameter of more than 5cm are used for scale cuttage, scales are stripped layer by layer from the periphery of the bulbs, yellow spots and atrophied scales on the outer layer are removed, and 2-4 layers of scales are annularly stripped from each bulb of the Korean lily to serve as seed sources to be planted in a cuttage bed; the peeled scale core of the Korean lily is cultivated according to the method of growing the bulb of the seeding seedling 1 a.
Soaking the scales with a mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim wettable powder and zineb wettable powder or a potassium permanganate aqueous solution before cutting, quickly dipping the bases of the scales with 1000ppm indolebutyric acid for 5-8s, soaking the scales with clear water after soaking with potassium permanganate, and then cutting the scales into a cutting bed; the length of the cuttage bed is 10-20 m, the width of the cuttage bed is 1-1.2 m, and the height of the cuttage bed is 0.2 m. And (3) intensively drilling and planting the bulbs with the diameter less than 2.0cm for 1a, and then planting and planting. Before planting, soaking the seeds in gibberellin water solution for 15-25min, sowing the seeds in prepared furrows, ditching and planting the seeds, wherein the furrow width is 4-6 cm, the furrow depth is 3-5cm, the row spacing is 15-25 cm, and 30-40 seeds are sowed in each row. The gibberellin water solution is prepared by adding 200 times of water into gibberellin and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, the row spacing of the scale cuttage is 5cm multiplied by 20 cm; the row spacing of the scaly heart cultivation is 10cm multiplied by 20 cm.
When the bulbs are subjected to separate planting and field planting, digging out the Korean lilies in classification in early autumn at the end of summer, and performing classified cultivation on the bulbs with the diameter of 0.5-0.9 cm and the bulbs with the diameter of more than 0.9 cm; and the row spacing of the bulbs with the diameter of 0.5-0.9 cm during separate planting and field planting is 5 multiplied by 20cm, and the row spacing of the bulbs with the diameter of more than 0.9cm is 10 multiplied by 20 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the foliar fertilizer is 0.2 wt.% of urea aqueous solution, and is sprayed to 20 days before the growth period is finished; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the 1 st compound fertilizer is 3:2:1, and the application amount of the 1 st compound fertilizer is 667m215kg was administered; the 2 nd timeThe weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer at the 2 nd time is 667m220kg was administered; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the 3 rd compound fertilizer is 1:2:3, and the application amount of the 3 rd compound fertilizer is 667m215kg was applied. It is emphasized that compound fertilizers are contraindicated for chlorinated fertilizers.
Through deep research on the fertilization proportion, the first fertilization of the soil on the non-corn and lily plants of the previous crop is mainly performed by nitrogen fertilizer, so that the quality of seed balls is improved and the plants are strong; the second fertilization is mainly based on balanced fertilizer, and aims to promote the formation of high-quality buds; the third time, potassium fertilizer is used as the main material, and the purpose is to ensure the high-quality opening of inflorescences, thereby preparing for successful pollination.
Preferably, in the step (4), the 1 st round spraying adopts carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution and dimethoate missible oil aqueous solution; the 2 nd round spraying adopts a difenoconazole wettable powder aqueous solution and a dimethoate missible oil aqueous solution; the 3 rd spraying adopts a difenoconazole wettable powder aqueous solution, a dimethoate missible oil aqueous solution and a Fuer 655 foliar fertilizer aqueous solution.
Based on the same technical concept, the invention also provides a fresh cut flower, a seed and a seedball obtained by the cultivation method.
The height of the Korean lily plant of the 3a after the cultivation method of the Korean lily is 40-120 cm, and the cut is carried out to obtain the rolling petal type fresh cut flower. And 3a, picking mature seeds and airing the mature seeds, removing immature seeds by air separation, drying the immature seeds, and putting the immature seeds into a kraft paper bag for natural storage.
Digging in the 3 rd summer and the first autumn after planting to obtain bulbs with the diameter of more than 5cm, namely the commodity bulbs or seed balls. Drying the surface layer of the seed ball, diluting the seed ball with 70 wt% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000 times with water, diluting the 60 wt% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times with water and diluting 50 wt% phoxim missible oil 1000 times with water, mixing the components according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, soaking for 30min, taking out the seed ball, airing the surface layer, putting the seed ball into a paper box, storing the seed ball in a refrigeration house at minus 5-0 ℃ for sale, and checking regularly to prevent mildew.
The naturally grown embryos of the Korean lily seeds are mostly aborted due to incomplete development, and scientific management is needed in each link. When the Korean lily grows to the 2a, buds bloom and form seeds (actually some buds bloom and some do not bloom), in order to collect high-quality seed sources, the buds of the 2a Korean lily partial plants need to be picked off in time when the buds emerge, so that the growth of bulbs (bulbs) is facilitated, and the quality of the bulbs is improved.
The Korean lily is not well-maintained, four points exist, and the disease control is realized firstly. The variety of diseases is large, so the method is very important for preventing and treating the diseases; secondly, abortion caused by multiple and incomplete breeding of the embryo of the seed during sexual reproduction is difficult to obtain a large amount of seed sources. Therefore, fine planting and artificial pollination are needed, and the seed plumpness and maturity rate are improved; thirdly, the cultivation technique is complicated. Strict technical requirements such as seed source obtaining, planting, field management, disease control and the like are met; and fourthly, the technology for obtaining high-quality fresh cut flowers is difficult. The high-quality fresh cut flowers are obtained by technical treatment.
The 'Bifast broad-spectrum soil disinfectant' has the effects of inducing and killing insects, bacteria and weeds, has strong effect, good disinfection effect and no residue in soil, has better control effect on diseases and insect pests of the Korean lily caused by the soil, and has better control effect on underground pests, parasitic nematodes, weed seed killing sources and the like. Particularly, soil disinfection and potting matrix disinfection during the greenhouse planting of the Korean lily can effectively reduce plant diseases and insect pests generated by continuous cropping.
When the 'essential quick-extinguishing broad-spectrum soil disinfectant' is used, the soil moisture is kept between 50 and 60 percent, and the use principle is as follows: when the soil is planted with the liliaceae plants for many years, the dosage is 150g/m2Planting 1-3 a liliaceae plant or solanaceae plant in the soil, wherein each 667m2The using amount is 20-30 kg, fertilization is combined, rotary tillage is carried out on the soil for more than 0.2m, plastic cloth is used for sealing the soil (mulching films are forbidden), and the sealing time is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 sealing time vs. surface temperature relationship
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the cultivation method of the Korean lily can provide an original seed source for crossbreeding of the lily, and has great commercial value.
(2) The cultivation method of the Korean lily is to carry out artificial planting on the Korean lily, comprises two methods of sexual propagation and asexual propagation, and commodity seed balls obtained through artificial cultivation management are large and full, the flower color of the cut flowers is red and bright, the flower color is striking and happy, and huge economic benefits are generated.
(3) The cultivation method of the lilium koreanum adopts a special soil disinfection method, different planting methods (including sexual and asexual planting), different stage-by-stage fertilization methods and different pest and disease damage prevention methods to cultivate the lilium koreanum, and is suitable for large-area popularization.
(4) In the invention, the flower buds are removed in time in the 2 nd a after planting, thereby avoiding competing for nutrients with bulbs, influencing the quality of the bulbs, reducing unnecessary nutrient consumption, obtaining the seed balls with excellent quality, being easier to survive, breed and cultivate, and the fresh cut flowers have uniform size and more red and gorgeous flower colors.
(5) The cultivation method of the Korean lily of the invention adopts Gibberellin (GA) with different concentrations3) Treating, and performing a seed germination test to obtain the optimal germination rate of the seeds: in the case of using 200-fold Gibberellin (GA)3) The seeds are soaked for 24 hours, and the germination rate reaches more than 85 percent.
(6) The cultivation method of the lilium koreanum can obtain a large amount of excellent germplasm resources, provides high-quality provenance for introduction and regression of wild resources, relieves and finally realizes the function of the germplasm resources to play an ecological balance function in keeping the biological genetic diversity, and has important academic value and profound practical significance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The planting place can be selected, and the GPS can be used for positioning the area, the boundary, the altitude, the slope and the slope direction.
Selecting proper soil for the Korean lily: the soil is deep in soil layer, good in drainage, fertile, humus-rich sandy loam, clay is avoided in farmland, and the soil is suitable for acidic to slightly acidic soil. The forest cultivation also needs to consider whether natural disasters such as seasonal rainfall prone areas, areas with concentrated water after rain, frost, cold roads and the like exist.
Selecting a proper climate: the survey comprises the highest and lowest temperature start and stop time, the annual average temperature, the annual rainfall, the monthly rainfall, the maximum rainfall, the rainy season, the dry season time, the wind power, the wind direction and the easy-to-rise time, and the frost and snow start and stop date. Particularly, in recent years, due to environmental changes, the frequency of occurrence of extremely severe weather such as fog, hail, acid rain, sand storm, and the like is an investigation range. In addition, whether large-scale plants exist around the plant, whether sewage discharge influences the planting base, and whether soot and dust treatment reaches the standard need to be investigated. When planting in a forest area, the relevance of peripheral vegetation to the planting base such as soil, fertility, pH value and soil layer thickness to the planting ground, the wind shielding strength of the peripheral vegetation under the vertical distribution zone and the influence of the peripheral vegetation under the microclimate condition on the planting base are also considered.
Suitable climate for cultivating the Korean lily: the cold resistance is strong, the plants can be cultivated in northeast and inner Mongolia regions, and can grow under the condition of 5-30 ℃, and the suitable growth temperature is 18-28 ℃.
The suitable water source is as follows: the water quality needs to meet the water quality standard of farmland irrigation. Including running water, rainwater, well water, pond water. The Korean lily is dry and waterlogging-resistant. But in moderate drought conditions, atomized watering is needed.
All the diluents in the following examples are aqueous solutions.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cultivation method of a lilium koreanum, two plots with the same area and the same soil quality are selected in a Changbai mountain area, wherein the plots comprise a No. 1 plot and a No. 2 plot, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) disinfection: no. 1 plot has no plants of Liliaceae planted, 1a before planting, soil disinfection is carried out by using 90% dexon wettable powder according to instructions; the first 3 crops of No. 2 plot are plants of Liliaceae, and the soil is sterilized by a broad-spectrum soil disinfectant with a dosage of 150g/m2. After disinfection, the same base fertilizer is applied to both plots, each 667m2Applying 3000kg of organic fertilizer (soil mixing and fermentation, the ratio of the fertilizer to the soil is 1:1), carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator to make ridges with the depth of 0.3m, the length of each ridge is 20m, the width of each ridge is 1m, the height of each ridge is 0.2m, the operation channel is 0.5m, and the soil is sealed by plastic cloth for 20 days.
(2) Planting: and (3) adopting sexual propagation in the No. 1 plot, selecting seeds formed after the Korean lily grows to the 3 rd flowering stage, soaking the seeds in 200 times of gibberellin aqueous solution for 15-25min, sowing the seeds in prepared furrows, ditching and planting the seeds, wherein the width of each furrow is 5cm, the depth of each furrow is 3-5cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and 30-40 seeds are sowed in each row. Covering soil, spraying water, preserving moisture, checking regularly, spraying water in an atomizing mode when the soil is dry, discharging seedlings in a neat mode within 5-15 days, and enabling the emergence rate to be more than 85%.
No. 2 land parcel adopts vegetative propagation, and scale cuttage adopts the scale cuttage that the diameter is greater than 5.0cm and is taken from the bulb more than 3a, and the cuttage is in the cutting bed, and the cutting bed soil matter is sandy loam (must be plain soil), and soil viscosity is great when using field and garden soil as matrix, need to add pearlite and adjust viscosity, holds into a ball with the hand, and the pine hand soil scatters to the standard, makes 10 ~ 20m, 1 ~ 1.2m wide, 0.2m high bed. Peeling scales layer by layer from the periphery of the bulb, removing the scales with yellow disease spots or atrophy on the outer layer, and peeling 2-3 layers of scales around each Korean lily as seed sources; before the scale is cut, 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times of diluent of 65% zineb wettable powder are mixed and soaked for 30min, and then the mixture is drained and dried in the shade. After soaking, dipping the base parts of the scales for 5-8s quickly by using 1000ppm of indolebutyric acid (IBA), inserting the scales into soil at a depth of 5cm and a row spacing of 5cm multiplied by 20cm, with the concave surfaces of the scales facing upwards and forming an angle of 45 degrees, and when the temperature is 18-25 ℃, forming buds and rooting 20-30 d of the bulb callus, and differentiating 1-3 bulb buds. The emergence rate in the spring of the next year is high and regular. The diameter of the bulb in autumn is 1.0-2.5 cm, the bulbs are classified into 3 grades, the diameter of the third grade is less than 0.5cm, the row spacing is 20cm, ditching and broadcasting planting can be carried out, or the row spacing can be 20cm, ditching and sowing can be carried out, the plant spacing is 3-5cm, and the soil is covered for 3-5 cm; the second stage is 0.6-1.5 cm in diameter, 20cm in row spacing and 5-8 cm in row spacing; the first level is more than 1.6cm in diameter, the cultivation row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 8-10 cm. The classified cultivation aims at facilitating field management and accurate fertilization.
And (4) after girdling, growing the lilium koreanum into 2a cultivation beds with the plant-row spacing of 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and harvesting. The scale heart breeding method can not be used in a disordered way, and the scale heart can be sold as a commodity after being planted for 3-5 a continuously.
(3) Fertilizing: the two plots were fertilized identically, the growing period of the lilium koreanum was shorter, and topdressing was conducted 3 times in principle. Sprouting of the lilium brownii in 4 months in the Changbai mountain area, dressing 1 st compound fertilizer in 4 months of each year, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, wherein m (N), m (P), m (K) are 3:2:1, 667m2The dosage is 15kg, aiming at promoting the growth of seedling stage; in 5-month middle ten days of the 2 nd time, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance fertilizers are used as main materials, and m (N), m (P), m (K) are 1:1:1, 667m2The dosage is 20kg, which aims to promote growth and form flower buds; in the 3 rd ten days of 6 months, potassium fertilizer is used as the main component, and the ratio of m (N), m (P), m (K) is 1:2:3, 667m2The dosage is 15kg, aiming at promoting flower growth and forming full seeds. Chlorine-containing fertilizers are forbidden for applying the compound fertilizers.
(4) And (3) pest and disease prevention: the pest prevention of the two plots is carried out by the same measures, the pest prevention is carried out in spring, the 1 st time of whole garden spraying is carried out in early spring, the planting land is cleared, and the whole garden spraying is carried out after the 500-time diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and the 2000-time diluent of 40% dimethoate missible oil are mixed, so as to kill the overwintering germs and insect eggs in the garden; after the 2 nd time of full-garden spraying is carried out for 10 days (in late 4 months), the lilies in the garden sprout at the time, and the lilies in the garden are sprayed in a fog way after being mixed by 1500 times of diluent of 10 percent difenoconazole (shigao) wettable powder and 2000 times of diluent of 40 percent dimethoate missible oil, so as to prevent the plant diseases and insect pests of the lilies in the garden; the interval between the 3 rd time of spraying and the 2 nd time of all-garden spraying is 20 days, the 10% difenoconazole (shigao) wettable powder is mixed with 1500 times of diluent, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with 2000 times of diluent and 1500 times of foliage fertilizer diluent, and then all-garden spraying is carried out, wherein the 3 rd time of spraying method comprises the following steps: the liquid medicine is put into a sprayer, the spray head is removed, the liquid medicine is used for drenching plants by pressure and permeating the plants to the root of the bulb, and about 50ml of the liquid medicine is applied to each seed ball. Aims at preventing plant diseases and insect pests and absorbing nutrients comprehensively by plants. And starting pest and disease prevention in the middle of 4 months in the Changbai mountain area, and ending the whole-garden prevention in the middle of 5 months. As the growing period of the Korean lily is from 7 to the late ten days of the month, in the period, if the weather is rainy, the pesticide is sprayed in time to prevent the plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) Field management: the field management of the two plots is the same, artificial weeding is carried out in the last ten days of the month 5, and weeding is concentrated for 3 times, namely the last ten days of the month 5, the last ten days and the middle ten days of the month 6. In rainy days, weeds need to be cleared away in time after rain. The aim is to prevent the rootstocks of the Korean lily from being easily damaged from being removed when the weeds are excessive; secondly, the nutrition competition with the Korean lily is prevented; thirdly, preventing the excessive growth of the Korean lily; and fourthly, preventing induction of pests and diseases. After sowing, the soil on the furrow surface is dried, sprayed with water for moisturizing, 0.2% of urea is sprayed on the leaf surface after 20d of seedling emergence, and then 0.2% of urea is sprayed on the leaf surface every 20d of interval till 20d before the growth period is finished. The bulb diameter of the first autumn at the end of summer of the year is 1.0-1.5cm, and the planting is carried out by 3 grades. The diameter is less than 0.5cm, the grade is three, the row spacing is 20cm, ditching and broadcasting are carried out, or the row spacing is 20cm, ditching and sowing are carried out, the plant spacing is 3-5cm, and the soil is covered for 3-5 cm; the diameter of 0.6-1.0 cm is two-stage, the row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 5-8 cm; the diameter of more than 1.1cm is the first grade, the cultivation row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 8-10 cm. The classified cultivation aims at facilitating field management and accurate fertilization.
Buds appear in the last 5 th ten days after the cultivation of the Korean lily, and the buds need to be removed in time after the discovery, so that the buds are prevented from competing for nutrients with the bulbs, the bulb quality is prevented from being influenced, the bulb weight is increased, and the growth and the flowering quality of the Korean lily at the 3 rd day are reduced.
(6) Fresh cut flower: the height of the cultivated plant of the Korean lily at the 3 rd position after planting is between 40 and 120cm, and the majority is 60 cm. In order to increase the plant height, prolong the transportation and sale time and improve the ornamental time and quality, thereby obtaining high-quality rolling petal type fresh cut flowers after cutting, and spraying Gibberellin (GA) during the growth period of No. 3a3) To improvePlant height. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the production address is Shanghai Tongyi Biotechnology limited, and the content is as follows: 75% (crystal powder), starting from the growth to the 6 th leaf, spraying 1 time every 15 days with the concentration of 80mg/L, 3 times in total. 3a Normal management average growth height of 51cm (test field), spraying Gibberellin (GA)3) The average growth height was 85cm (experimental).
The Korean lily has many flowers, red and bright color and is striking and happy. The ornamental value is strong. Is suitable for the market development of the fresh cut flowers; the principle of harvesting is that 80% of flower buds are transparent. The cutting method comprises the following steps: the distance between the collected part and the ground is about 15cm, 4-6 leaves are reserved on the plants on the ground surface, and the bulbs are guaranteed to grow continuously. Cutting with sharp edge at 45 deg.C, and keeping cut flower water-leaving time not longer than 15 min. After cutting (shearing) the base part, removing 20cm leaves of the base part, and after harvesting, keeping the lower part of the stem at 10-15 cm and inserting the stem into prepared water. 0.2mmol/L Silver Thiosulfate (STS) and 500mg/L Gibberellin (GA) were added to water3) And (4) preprocessing. And simultaneously putting the lilium koreanum and the lilium brownii into a storage room with the temperature of 2-4 ℃ for 4-48 h, and reducing the sensitivity of the lilium koreanum to the ethylene by low-temperature storage. 30 branches in each barrel are in a group, and the harvesting time, specification and quantity are recorded.
Packaging into boxes in a grading way before sale, placing fresh-keeping bags in the boxes, bagging and selling after a date. The grade standard reference of the fresh cut flowers of the Korean lily (GB/T18247, the grade standard of 1-2000 cut flowers is established) is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 grade division Standard for fresh cut flowers of Korean lily
The fresh cut flowers obtained in the embodiment are identified according to the grading standard, and the result shows that the primary standard reaches more than 80%.
(7) Harvesting and treating seeds and seed balls:
seed: the two plots are the same, the seeds mature in the 7 rd ten days after the planting, the capsules are picked and aired in time, the immature seeds are removed by air separation (breeze), and the thousand seed weight of the seeds is about 3.70 g; the seeds are dried and then put into kraft paper bags for natural storage, and the seeds are periodically checked for mildew resistance.
Ball-balling: the bulbs are full, the root system is robust, the size is uniform, and the bulbs are free from diseases, insect pests and defective scales. The diameter is more than 5.0 cm. After the surface layer is dried, diluting the surface layer with 70 wt% thiophanate methyl wettable powder by 1000 times with water, diluting the surface layer with 60 wt% mancozeb wettable powder by 1000 times with water and diluting the surface layer with 50 wt% phoxim missible oil by 1000 times with water, mixing the mixture according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, soaking the mixture for 30min, taking out the mixture, and airing the surface layer.
The Korean lily commercial seed ball is an artificially cultivated 3a bulb, and the first-level and the second-level are used as main cultivation seed sources. The quality grade of the seed balls is classified in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Korean lily bulb quality grade Classification Table
| Rank of | Diameter (cm) | High (cm) | Degree of fullness | Plant diseases and insect pests |
| First stage | ≥5.0 | ≥5.0 | Superior food | Is free of |
| Second stage | ≥4.5～4.9 | ≥4.5～4.9 | Superior food | Is free of |
| Three-stage | ≥4.0～4.4 | ≥4.0～4.4 | Superior food | Is free of |
The seed balls obtained in the embodiment are identified according to the grading standard, and the result shows that the first-grade standard reaches more than 80%.
(8) And (3) storage in a cold storage: the storage principle is 'constant temperature, ventilation, shading and drying'. The sterilized seed balls are packed in boxes in layers, a storage container can use a wooden box or a paper case, the substrate uses peat soil as a filler, and the water content of the peat soil is about 50%. Before use, every 500kg of peat soil is mixed with 400g of '50% carbendazim wettable powder'. And (3) filling 2cm of peat soil at the bottom of the container, placing a layer of seed balls, placing a layer of peat soil, placing a layer of seed balls, and so on, wherein the placing does not exceed 4 layers, and placing a layer of 2cm of peat soil on the seed balls. And (5) loading the label into a box and sealing the box. The matrix is checked after being stored for 2 months, and water is sprayed to supplement moisture in time when the matrix is dried. The labels need to be double-labeled, one label is placed in the box, and in addition, the name, the Latin name, the specification, the number, the boxing date, the production place, the production unit and the like are written out on the outer box body. The balls are packed into boxes and then transferred into a refrigeration house for storage, the refrigeration house is firstly sprayed and disinfected by 0.5 wt% of potassium permanganate and then put into a bulb box, and a channel is reserved every 4 placed balls, so that the inspection and ventilation are facilitated. Pre-treating for 7 days by reducing the temperature from 3-5 ℃ to 0 ℃, and then reducing the temperature to-3 to-1 ℃ for long-term storage.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cultivation method of a lilium koreanum, two plots with the same area and the same soil quality are selected in a Changbai mountain area, wherein the plots comprise a No. 1 plot and a No. 2 plot, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) disinfection: planting Liliaceae plants on the No. 1 plot, wherein the soil is forest humus, and sterilizing the soil with 90% dikesong wettable powder in autumn before planting; the first crop of No. 2 plot is Solanaceae plant, the soil quality is garden soil, 10cm thick perlite is added to adjust the soil viscosity, the soil is disinfected by broad-spectrum soil disinfectant with the dosage of 30kg/667m2. After disinfection, the same base fertilizer is applied to both plots, each 667m2Applying 3000kg of organic fertilizer (soil mixing and fermentation, the ratio of the fertilizer to the soil is 1:1), then carrying out rotary tillage on the soil with the depth of 0.25m by using a rotary cultivator, making furrows with the length of 10m, the width of 1.2m and the height of 0.2m, and sealing the soil with plastic cloth for 15 d.
(2) Planting: adopting sexual propagation (seeds) in spring of No. 1 land parcels, firstly soaking the seeds in 200 times of gibberellin aqueous solution for 15-25min, ditching and planting, wherein the width is 5cm, the depth is 3-5cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm; covering soil, spraying water, preserving moisture, checking regularly, spraying water in an atomizing mode when the soil is dry, discharging seedlings in a neat mode within 5-15 days, and enabling the emergence rate to be more than 85%.
The bulbs in early autumn at the end of summer of the current year are grown to 1.0-1.5cm in diameter by sexual propagation, and are cultivated and planted in 3 grades. The diameter is less than 0.5cm, the grade is three, the row spacing is 20cm, ditching and broadcasting are carried out, or the row spacing is 20cm, ditching and sowing are carried out, the plant spacing is 3-5cm, and the soil is covered for 3-5 cm; the diameter of 0.6-1.0 cm is two-stage, the row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 5-8 cm; the diameter of more than 1.1cm is the first grade, the cultivation row spacing is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 8-10 cm. The bulb of the Korean lily is removed in time after the bud appears in the 5 nd late ten days of the year 2, thereby avoiding competing for nutrients with the bulb, influencing the quality of the bulb, increasing the weight of the bulb and reducing the growth and flowering quality of the Korean lily of the 3 a.
Asexual propagation is adopted in autumn of No. 2 plot, the propagation mode is scale cuttage, scales (containing 3a) growing above 3a are adopted, the scales are stripped layer by layer from the periphery of the scales, the scales with yellow spots or atrophied outer layers are removed, each scale is stripped in 2-3 layers, and the scale with the diameter of the base part larger than 1.0cm is used as a seed source; before cutting, the scales are stripped and then 0.02 wt% "potassium permanganate (KMnO) is used4) Soaking in water solution for 20min, soaking in clear water for 20min, draining, and drying in the shade. After soaking, the base part of the immersed scale is quickly dipped for 5-8s by using 500ppm of indolebutyric acid (IBA), the indolebutyric acid (IBA) has the effects of promoting rooting of the scale, high emergence rate and complete emergenceThe effect of the medicine is good. The row spacing of the cuttage plants is 5cm multiplied by 20cm, the concave surfaces of the scales face upwards and form an angle of 45 degrees, the cuttage plants are inserted into soil with the depth of 5cm, 20 cuttage plants are arranged in each row, and the edge distance between the two sides is 10 cm. 1-2 small bulbs can be differentiated from the bulb callus tissue for 20-30 days at the temperature of 18-25 ℃, and buds grow in the same year. And germinating in spring next year to form seedlings, wherein the diameter of bulbs in autumn is 0.5-1.5 cm, classifying the seedlings according to two grades, namely the diameter is 0.5-0.9 cm and is more than 1.0cm, the row spacing of the cultivated plants is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the purpose of classified cultivation is to facilitate field management and accurate fertilization.
And (4) after girdling, growing the lilium koreanum into 2a cultivation beds with the plant-row spacing of 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and harvesting. The scale heart breeding method can not be used in a disordered way, and the scale heart can be sold as a commodity after being planted for 3-5 a continuously.
(3) Fertilizing: the two plots were fertilized the same. Topdressing the 1 st compound fertilizer when the 4 th leaf appears, using nitrogen fertilizer as main material, and m (N), m (P), m (K) are 3:2:1, 667m2The dosage is 15kg, aiming at promoting the growth of seedling stage; in 5-month middle ten days of the 2 nd time, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance fertilizers are used as main materials, and m (N), m (P), m (K) are 1:1:1, 667m2The dosage is 20kg, which aims to promote growth and form flower buds; in the 3 rd ten days of 6 months, potassium fertilizer is used as the main component, and the ratio of m (N), m (P), m (K) is 1:2:3, 667m2The dosage is 15kg, aiming at promoting flower growth and forming full seeds. Chlorine-containing fertilizers are forbidden for applying the compound fertilizers.
(4) And (3) pest and disease prevention: the pest prevention of the two plots is carried out by the same measures, the pest prevention is carried out in spring, the planting land is cleared after early spring for 1 time, and the mixture of 500 times of diluent of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 2000 times of diluent of 40% dimethoate missible oil is sprayed in a fog way all over the garden, so that the overwintering germs and insect eggs in the garden are killed; after 10 days (late ten months) for the 2 nd time, the lilium koreanum sprouts, and the 10 percent difenoconazole (shigao) wettable powder, namely 1500 times of diluent and 2000 times of diluent, namely 40 percent dimethoate missible oil, is sprayed in a mist mode all over the garden to prevent the plant diseases and insect pests of the lilium koreanum; after 1500 times of diluent of 10 percent difenoconazole (shigao) wettable powder, 40 percent dimethoate missible oil aqueous solution and 1500 times of foliar fertilizer diluent of Fuer 655 are mixed at intervals of 20 days at the 3 rd time, the 3 rd time spray method comprises the following steps: the liquid medicine is put into a sprayer, the spray head is removed, the liquid medicine is used for drenching plants by pressure and permeating the plants to the root of the bulb, and about 50ml of the liquid medicine is applied to each seed ball. Aims at preventing plant diseases and insect pests and absorbing nutrients comprehensively by plants. As the growing period of the Korean lily is from 7 to the late ten days of the month, in the period, if the weather is rainy, the pesticide is sprayed in time to prevent the plant diseases and insect pests.
(5) Field management: the field management of the two plots is the same, artificial weeding is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months, and the condition that the roots of the weeds are large is avoided, and the roots of the Korean lily are removed and damaged. Weeding is concentrated for 3 times, namely, the last ten days of the month 5, the last ten days and the middle ten days of the month 6. Even in rainy days, the weeds after rain need to be removed in time. The aim is to prevent the rootstocks of the Korean lily from being easily damaged from being removed when the weeds are excessive; secondly, the nutrition competition with the Korean lily is prevented; thirdly, preventing the excessive growth of the Korean lily; and fourthly, preventing induction of pests and diseases.
Spraying 0.2 wt% urea on the leaf surface after 20d of seedling emergence, and then spraying 0.2 wt% urea on the leaf surface for 1 time every 20d till 20d before the growth period.
(6) Pollination and seed harvesting: and 3a, artificially and secondarily pollinating the lilium koreanum in the flowering period, pollinating for 1 time respectively at 9-10 am and 2-3 pm of the day, dipping the stamen pollen on one strain with a clean brush or cotton swab, and slightly smearing the stamen pollen on the other strain, or directly clamping the stamen pollen with a pair of tweezers to smear the other pistil when the flower blooms. More mature seeds can be obtained.
And (3) collecting mature seeds at the end of summer, airing, removing immature seeds by air separation, storing after drying, and periodically checking to prevent mildew.
Comparative example
The Changbai mountain land is selected, the soil property and the climate are completely the same as those of the land in the example 2, the cultivation method is completely the same, and the only difference of the sexual propagation in the example 2 is that the gibberellin is not adopted for soaking the seeds, so that the emergence rate of the seeds is 26 percent.
Test examples
The Korean lily seeds are not treated after being harvested, and the seedling emergence in the next year is lower than 25 percent.
Since most of the seed embryos of the lilium koreanum are aborted, a lilium koreanum sexual reproduction test is performed in order to support the lilium koreanum sexual reproduction.
The assay used varying concentrations of Gibberellin (GA)3) As for the treatment of Lilium Koreanum, Gibberellin (GA)3) The traditional Chinese medicine is the first medicine for the seed germination treatment test at present, the used dosage is also a universal multiple of the test, and the germination rate of the seeds can be accurately reflected. The test group soaked the seeds with gibberellin, the control group soaked the seeds with gibberellin, and the test results are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 influence of gibberellins on seed germination
As can be seen from the above table, the germination rate of the Lilium distichum by soaking the seeds with gibberellin can be significantly improved, and the germination rate of the seeds can be improved to 86% by using 200 times of aqueous solution of gibberellin.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method of a Korean lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil disinfection: in autumn before planting, disinfecting the soil to be planted, applying fertilizer and rotary tillage soil, and finally sealing the soil by plastic cloth;
(2) and (3) propagation: ridging in spring, and planting seeds, scales and scale cores in the sterilized soil;
(3) fertilizing: spraying foliar fertilizer for 1 time every 15-20 days from the 15 th-20 th day after seedling emergence in the current planting year; dressing the compound fertilizer for the 1 st time in the 2 nd and later 5 th month of each year after planting, applying the compound fertilizer for the 2 nd time in the last 6 th month, and applying the compound fertilizer for the 3 rd time in the last 6 th month;
(4) and (3) pest and disease prevention: spraying for the first time to kill overwintering bacteria and ova in the garden; carrying out full-garden spraying for the 2 nd time when the Korean lily sprouts to 5-20 cm, and carrying out spraying for the 3 rd time 20-30 days after the full-garden spraying for the 2 nd time, wherein the spraying for the 3 rd time is to spray plants and permeate to the roots;
(5) field management: weeding in the field is carried out for more than 3 times each year; the buds are removed in time when the buds are planted in the 2a stage, so that the situation that the buds compete for nutrients with bulbs and the yield and the quality of the bulbs are influenced is avoided;
(6) seed harvesting: and 3a, picking mature seeds and airing the seeds, removing immature seeds by air separation, drying and storing the seeds.
2. The cultivation method of lilium koreanum as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the width of the furrow is 1-1.9 m, the width of the bottom of the furrow stalk is 1.2-1.4 m, the width of the top of the furrow stalk is 1.0-1.2 m, the height of the furrow stalk is 0.2m, and the working channel is 0.5 m.
3. The method for cultivating lilium koreanum according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the breeding includes sexual propagation in which seeds are directly planted in the sterilized soil and asexual propagation in which lilium koreanum grows until 3a blooms; the vegetative propagation is planting or cutting scale core into the sterilized soil.
4. The cultivation method of lilium koreanum as claimed in claim 3, wherein said scale cutting is performed by using bulbs with a diameter of more than 5cm and growing 3a, peeling off the scales layer by layer from the periphery of the bulbs, removing the outer layer of yellow spots and withered scales, and cutting 2-4 layers of scales around each lilium koreanum bulb as seed source into the cutting bed; the peeled scale core of the Korean lily is cultivated according to the method of growing the bulb of the seeding seedling 1 a.
5. The method for cultivating a lilium koreanum according to claim 3, wherein the scale cuttings have a plant spacing of 5cm x 20 cm; the row spacing of the scaly heart cultivation is 10cm multiplied by 20 cm.
6. The cultivation method of a lilium koreanum as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the foliar fertilizer is 0.2 wt.% urea aqueous solution, and is sprayed until 20 days before the end of the growth period; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the 1 st compound fertilizer is 3:2:1, and the application amount of the 1 st compound fertilizer is 667m215kg was administered; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer at the 2 nd time is 1:1:1, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer at the 2 nd time is 667m220kg was administered; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the 3 rd compound fertilizer is 1:2:3, and the application amount of the 3 rd compound fertilizer is 667m215kg was applied.
7. The method for cultivating lilium koreanum according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the 1 st round spray is carried out by using an aqueous carbendazim wettable powder solution and an aqueous dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate solution; the 2 nd round spraying adopts a difenoconazole wettable powder aqueous solution and a dimethoate missible oil aqueous solution; the 3 rd spraying adopts a difenoconazole wettable powder aqueous solution, a dimethoate missible oil aqueous solution and a Fuer 655 foliar fertilizer aqueous solution.
8. Cut flowers, seeds and bulbs obtained by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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