CN113575283B - Rotation cultivation method for morchella esculenta - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotation cultivation method of Morchella esculenta, which comprises the following circulation steps: turning over the first compartment in the early spring greenhouse, and planting melons; pulling seedling to clear the shed after the melon harvesting is finished, and then carrying out high-temperature shed closing; turning over the second compartment in the autumn greenhouse, and cultivating Morchella; harvesting Morchella in the next early spring, and then opening a compartment to plant melon. According to the method, the rotation of the muskmelon and the Morchella is utilized, mycelium secretion, trace elements, organic fertilizer and the like remained by the Morchella are cultivated, nutrients can be provided for the muskmelon with large nutrition demand, meanwhile, germs and pests in the greenhouse are effectively treated through a long-time high-temperature greenhouse in a hot summer stubble-changing gap, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the muskmelon and the Morchella is solved, and the yield and quality of the muskmelon are higher. The Morchella esculenta and the melon are matched to realize rotation, so that the application amount of fertilizer and pesticide is reduced, and double reduction is realized.

Description

Rotation cultivation method for morchella esculenta

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of economic crop cultivation, and relates to a melon and morchella crop rotation cultivation method.

Background

Continuous cropping obstacle refers to abnormal growth and development of crops caused by continuous cultivation of the same kind of crops or nearby crops on the same soil. Symptoms are generally growth dysplasia, yield and quality are reduced, and in extreme cases, partial death of seedlings, no or no vigorous seedling emergence are caused; most of the damaged plant roots are browned, branches are reduced, activity is low, distribution range is narrow, and the capability of absorbing moisture and nutrients is reduced. The continuous cropping obstacle has various reasons, including excessive nutrient consumption, deterioration of physical and chemical properties of soil, increase of plant diseases and insect pests, accumulation of toxic substances (including chemical sensing substances and the like) and the like, and the reasons for the continuous cropping obstacle of different crops are obviously different. The continuous cropping obstacle has a remarkable difference among plants belonging to the genus of the family of plants, and crops in which the continuous cropping obstacle is liable to occur are concentrated in cucurbitaceae, solanaceae, leguminosae, cruciferae and rosaceae.

Therefore, to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of specific crops, a great deal of scientific research effort is needed to be invested.

Melon is an annual vine herb of Cucurbitaceae. Muskmelon is a special crop with high economic benefit which is emerging in Sichuan in recent years. The melon maturing period of Sichuan basin is 6-7 months, and the positive rainy season is that the rainwater is high and the melon cracking is serious, so that the thick-skin melon can not be produced in open field. The greenhouse facilities are utilized to adopt the early maturing rain-shielding cultivation technology, so that the production of the muskmelon in the Sichuan basin and areas similar to the climate conditions is realized.

Morchella is a wild and noble edible fungus, and has the advantages of rich nutrition, delicious taste, low yield and high demand, so that the price is gradually increased, and the Morchella is very expensive. Through artificial domestication of edible fungus scientific workers, artificial planting can be realized. After the commercial cultivation of the morchella is successful in 2012, not only the cultivation hot tide of the morchella is raised in Sichuan areas, but also the morchella is cultivated in a large range nationwide. Morchella fungi with low temperature and high humidity, which are loved by yin, are artificially cultivated in a facility greenhouse.

In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:

1) After harvesting of the muskmelon in summer or harvesting of the morchella in spring, the facility greenhouse is in an idle state, and facilities, soil resources and the like cannot be fully utilized;

2) The cultivation of muskmelon with thick peel has obvious continuous cropping obstacle, and repeated continuous cropping can increase the number of harmful flora such as phytophthora, humic acid and various fungi and bacteria in soil, reduce the number of beneficial flora, and the proportion of beneficial flora and harmful flora is imbalance, so that the biological property of soil is deteriorated, the disease of the muskmelon in the next crop is easy to cause root rot, epidemic disease, dead seedling and other phenomena to occur, and the yield and quality are affected. In addition, the same kind of crops have consistent nutrient requirements, continuous cropping and continuous cropping planting can easily cause unbalance of soil nutrient elements, and insufficient medium and trace elements in the soil, so that the crop nutrient elements are deficient, and physiological diseases such as nutrient deficiency, immunity reduction, deformity and the like appear. The continuous cropping planting can produce an autotoxic phenomenon, which is toxin produced by the metabolism of melon root systems on the one hand; on the other hand, organic acid, aldehyde, alcohol and hydrocarbon toxins are generated in the process of decay and decomposition of the residue of the previous-stubble melon in soil, and the toxins are accumulated around the root system of the next-stubble melon for a long time, so that the toxins have remarkable inhibition effect on the root system of the newly planted melon.

3) The morchella is similar to other edible fungi and crops, and obvious continuous cropping obstacles exist on the same crop continuously planted in the same place for 2 years, and the continuous cropping cultivation of the morchella is characterized in that pest eggs in soil and surrounding environment are increased; sometimes, the situation that the Morchella is not happy or harmful trace elements are enriched can also occur; the accumulation of Morchella mycelium secretion is increased, and the Morchella mycelium secretion of the same species can have obvious inhibition effect on edible fungi of the same species; resulting in sparse hypha, slow fungus growth, abnormal growth and development of ascus, reduced product quality, serious plant diseases and insect pests and reduced yield. Production practice shows that the more times of continuous cropping and the longer the year, the more serious the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon, sometimes the yield is reduced by more than half, and even the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon can be completely recovered.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a melon morchella rotundus cultivation method which can solve continuous cropping obstacle of muskmelon and continuous cropping obstacle of morchella, and simultaneously, the method also fully utilizes planting period of muskmelon and morchella, reasonably utilizes cultivation facilities and fully utilizes land resources.

The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and trial and repeated experiments and efforts, and in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the melon morchella crop rotation cultivation method is provided, the soil of a planting field is loose and rich, and the soil is easy to keep moisture, the cultivation is performed by using a planting greenhouse, and the method comprises the following circulation steps:

s1, turning over a first compartment in a greenhouse in early spring, and planting melons;

s2, pulling seedlings to clear the shed after the melon harvesting is finished, and then carrying out high-temperature shed closing;

s3, turning over the second compartment in the autumn greenhouse, and cultivating Morchella; harvesting Morchella in the next early spring;

after harvesting the morchella, executing the step S1 again;

the method starts at step S1 or step S3.

In the production, the first round of planting can be to plant melon first and then to cultivate Morchella; or culturing Morchella esculenta and then culturing melon. By adopting the method, the same planting greenhouse can be continuously used, and the morchella and the melon can be continuously planted, so that not only can the continuous planting obstacle of the morchella and the melon be eliminated, but also the morchella and the melon can be mutually cooperated, the high yield of the morchella can be always maintained, and the total yield of the melon can be improved.

According to one embodiment of the rotation cultivation method of the morchella esculenta, the rotation of the method is as follows:

s11, sowing melon seeds in middle and late 2 months;

s12, turning over the first compartment in the greenhouse in the middle of 3 months, and planting melon seedlings;

s13, starting melon harvesting in the last ten days of 6 months, and ending melon harvesting in the last ten days of 6 months;

s21, pulling seedling and clearing shed in the last ten days of 7 months;

s22, carrying out high-temperature canopy closure in the middle ten days of 7 months to the upper ten days of 9 months;

s31, ploughing the second compartment in the greenhouse for 10 months;

s32, sowing Morchella in the middle and upper ten days of 11 months;

s33, beginning to collect Morchella in the next 1 st month;

s34, harvesting Morchella in the last 3 months of the next year.

According to one embodiment of the melon morchella crop rotation cultivation method, the melon is a thick-skin melon variety and comprises one or two of Chuanmi gold jade and Chuanmi crisp jade; the Morchella varieties comprise one or more of six sister Morchella No. 6, morchella No. 9 and Morchella No. 1.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the step S11 specifically comprises the following steps:

airing melon seeds, soaking and sterilizing the melon seeds with thiophanate methyl or carbendazim or potassium permanganate solution, cleaning the melon seeds with clear water, soaking the melon seeds with trisodium phosphate solution to deactivate viruses, soaking the melon seeds with warm water, fishing out and cleaning the melon seeds, and then accelerating germination at a constant temperature; sowing seeds after the germs are exposed;

seedling is carried out by adopting seedling cultivating plug trays and industrial full-nutrition seedling cultivating matrixes; the white seeds are sowed according to 1 seed per hole, and the depth is 0.5-0.8 cm; adopting 4 layers of coverage modes of greenhouse, middle greenhouse, small arch greenhouse and mulch film to carry out heat preservation seedling raising; or culturing seedlings by adopting a warm bed; and cooling and hardening seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting, and spraying protective disease prevention agents and foliar fertilizers before outplanting and transplanting.

Preferably, the industrial total nutrient seedling substrate Wo Song culture substrate.

Preferably, the protective disease preventing agents are hymexazol and kasugamycin.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the step S12 specifically comprises the following steps:

ploughing and harrowing the land uniformly, and opening a first carriage, wherein the width of the first carriage is 1.2m, and the width of a ditch is 30cm; 2 rows of melon seedlings are planted in each compartment, the row spacing in the compartment is 0.5m, and the row spacing between compartments is 1m;

the melon seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the seedling height is 10cm, the stem thickness is more than 0.4cm, the melon seedlings are planted in a standing mode, and the planting density is 1200-1600 plants/mu;

after field planting and survival, water and fertilizer management, pruning and vine management, young fruit management, pest control and melon hanging are carried out.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the step S22 specifically comprises the following steps:

and applying ammonium bicarbonate on the soil surface in the middle and upper 7 months, making dams around the greenhouse, irrigating water in the greenhouse until the water surface is higher than the ground, keeping the greenhouse closed, and starting to perform high-temperature treatment for 30-50 d from the greenhouse to the middle and upper 8 months.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the step S31 specifically comprises the following steps:

the soil is ploughed and raked evenly, a second carriage is opened, the width of the second carriage is 80cm, the carriage height is 15cm, and the aisle width is 50cm.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the step S32 specifically comprises the following steps:

sowing is adopted in a Morchella sowing mode; uniformly sowing strains on the carriage surface, covering soil by 3-5 cm, and sowing 400g per square meter; after sowing, laying a white mulching film on the carriage surface for heat preservation; after sowing for 10-15 d, uniformly placing the transformation bags of 1600-2000 bags/mu on the surface of the second compartment, punching and horizontally placing one surface of the transformation bag, tightly adhering to the soil surface, and keeping the transformation bag until fruiting, and taking the transformation bag away or keeping until harvesting is finished; and after sowing, water management and pest control are carried out.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the transformation bag is manufactured by the following steps:

soaking 85-90 wt% of wheat and 15-10 wt% of chaff in water, taking out, filtering to remove surface water, adding lime 1wt% and gypsum 1wt% according to the weight of the mixture of wheat and grains, stirring uniformly, filling into strain bags, and sterilizing.

According to one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, the strain adopts three-level strain seed production: the parent strain is 7-11 d in age, the stock strain is 15-20 d in age, and the cultivated strain is 18-20 d in age.

Compared with the prior art, one of the technical schemes has the following advantages:

a) According to the method, the rotation of the muskmelon and the Morchella is utilized, mycelium secretion, trace elements, organic fertilizer and the like remained by the Morchella are cultivated, nutrients can be provided for the muskmelon with large nutrition demand, meanwhile, germs and pests in the greenhouse are effectively treated through a long-time high-temperature canopy-sealing technology in a hot summer stubble-changing gap, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the muskmelon and the Morchella is solved, and the yield and quality of the muskmelon are higher. The greenhouse for planting the morchella in successive years can not continuously plant the morchella, but the soil is fertile, and the fungus residues and the like are good organic fertilizers. On the other hand, the melon has large fertilizer requirement and strong fertilizer absorption capability. The Morchella esculenta and the melon are matched to realize rotation, so that the application amount of fertilizer and pesticide is reduced, and double reduction is realized.

b) The economic value of Morchella and melon is very high, and the invention greatly improves the income of the growers. The rotation cultivation method of the morchella esculenta has the following steps: the yield of the melon in early spring is more than 2850 kg/mu, the price is 7.0 yuan/kg, and the yield value is 2 ten thousand yuan/mu; the cost of seed, mulch film, drip irrigation, pesticide, fertilizer, labor and the like is 0.5 ten thousand yuan/mu. The yield of morchella in autumn and winter is more than 200 kg/mu, the price of fresh products is 130-150 yuan/kg, and the yield value is 2.6-3.0 ten thousand yuan/mu; the total cost of facilities, strains, transformation bags, labor and the like is 1.2 ten thousand yuan/mu. The total yield of the early spring melon and the autumn and winter morchella reaches 4.6-5.0 ten thousand yuan/mu, the total production cost is 1.7 ten thousand yuan/mu, and the profit can reach 2.9-3.3 ten thousand yuan/mu.

c) Melon can be picked and sold in a city sightseeing picking mode. The method develops a new agricultural function, digs new value, promotes the rapid fusion of three industries, realizes obvious economic benefit, obvious ecological function and improved social benefit, and is a production mode with great popularization potential.

d) In one embodiment of the melon morchella crop rotation cultivation method, the seeding time of the melon is earlier than the harvesting time of the morchella, so that the perfect connection between the harvesting time of the morchella and the transplanting time of the melon seedlings is ensured. The method of the invention reasonably arranges the crops for rotation and fully utilizes the idle time of the Morchella greenhouse cultivation technology and the idle time of the melon greenhouse cultivation technology, namely, the method not only utilizes the idle time of the greenhouse after Morchella production to plant melons, but also utilizes the idle time after Morchella production to plant Morchella, thereby fully utilizing the production facilities and the land of the grower.

e) In one embodiment of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method, good quality selection is one of the key factors for ensuring the yield. The invention selects the muskmelon variety, in particular to the "Chuanmi jinyu" and the "Chuanmi cuiyu" as the cracking-resistant muskmelon varieties, which is especially suitable for cultivation in Sichuan basin and similar geographical and climate conditions.

f) In one embodiment of the rotation cultivation method of the morchella esculenta, the activity of the strain is an index for measuring the quality of the strain, and the gradual propagation and sowing at the stage of the optimal bacterial age are the basis of stable and high yield. In the invention, morchella is prepared by three levels of strains, and the range of the strain age is the optimal recommended range.

g) The steel greenhouse for planting the melons and the morchella has the use cost of 0.8 ten thousand per mu per year, and through rotation of the melons and the morchella, the utilization rate of facilities is improved, the average use loss of the greenhouse is reduced, the facility cost is reduced, and the income is improved.

h) The method is beneficial to improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, balancing the nutrients of the soil, reducing plant diseases and insect pests, reasonably utilizing agricultural resources and realizing ecological green harmonious development of agriculture.

Detailed Description

The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments.

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.

The embodiment is a production test of the morchella esculenta rotation cultivation method. The productivity test was carried out on a plains of the adult. The Chengdu plain is located in the western part of the Sichuan basin, is clear in four seasons, mild in climate and full in rainfall, and belongs to subtropical monsoon climate areas. The annual average temperature is 16.1 ℃, and the annual average rainfall is 1200-1600 mm. The soil layer of the plain inner cultivated land is deep and has moderate texture, is very suitable for the growth of crops, and is called as the foreign country from ancient times. Morchella has high nutrition and economic value, and after the commercial cultivation of Morchella is successful in 2012, sichuan has raised the cultivation hot tide of Morchella. After harvesting of Morchella in spring, the facility greenhouse is in an idle period, and facilities, soil resources and the like cannot be fully utilized.

The muskmelon is a special crop with high economic benefit newly developed in Sichuan. The melon matures in the Chengdu plain area for 6-7 months, and the positive rainy season is high in rainwater and easy to crack. So the muskmelon can only be planted in the greenhouse in a rain-proof manner. The invention utilizes the high-yield cracking-resistant melon variety, adopts an independently developed innovative melon early-maturing rain-sheltering high-quality efficient cultivation mode, and fundamentally solves the possibility of producing the muskmelon in the adult plain.

Therefore, the applicant explores a new urban modern agricultural development mode by adopting reasonable rotation arrangement of melons and morchella, innovates an efficient cultivation mode of the morchella in autumn and winter of the melons in early spring, and the new mode not only realizes fungus melon rotation, but also adopts a high-temperature canopy-sealing technology, effectively relieves soil continuous cropping obstacle and realizes green ecological sustainable development.

In this embodiment, the planting field soil is required to be loose, fertile and easy to preserve moisture, and cultivation is performed using a planting greenhouse. The greenhouse adopts a steel frame greenhouse, the width of the greenhouse is 8m, the height of the greenhouse is 2.8-3 m, and the shoulder height of the greenhouse is 2m. In the embodiment, the muskmelon is a muskmelon variety, and is specifically selected from Chuanmi jinyu or Chuanmi cuiyu. The Morchella species are selected from six sister Morchella No. 6, 9 or 1, and are suitable for ecological conditions of the plains of the Chengdu, good in commodity property, tidy in fruiting and good in stress resistance.

The rotation cultivation method of the morchella esculenta comprises the following circulation steps:

s1, turning over a first compartment in early spring, and planting melons.

S11, 20 days of melon seeds are sowed in 2 months in 2019.

Soaking the sun-dried seeds in 500-600 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 15min, washing with clean water, soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20min to deactivate viruses, soaking the seeds in 30 ℃ warm water for 3-4 h, taking out, washing, and accelerating germination at the constant temperature of 28-30 ℃. And exposing germs from the seeds after 24-30 hours, and sowing.

Sowing melons in 20 days of 2 months, and culturing seedlings by adopting a 50-hole seedling culturing plug tray and an industrial full-nutrition seedling culturing matrix. Adding water into the matrix and uniformly stirring the matrix 1d before sowing until the water content reaches 60-70%, and then loading the matrix into a tray. The white seeds are sowed according to 1 seed per hole, and the depth is 0.5-0.8 cm. The heat preservation is carried out by adopting a 4-layer coverage mode of greenhouse, medium greenhouse, small arch greenhouse and mulch film. The bed temperature before emergence should be kept at 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night. Timely removing the covering after emergence of seedlings to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing, wherein the temperature in the daytime shed is 22-28 ℃ and the night is 15-17 ℃. The temperature is properly raised after the 1 st true leaves are unfolded, the temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night, and the illumination condition is improved. 7d of cooling and hardening seedlings before transplanting, spraying protective disease prevention agents and foliar fertilizer for 1 time, and achieving the effect of strengthening the seedlings with the medicinal belts and outplanting. In the embodiment, wo Song culture medium is used as the industrial total nutrient seedling culture medium; the protective disease preventing agent is hymexazol and kasugamycin; the foliar fertilizer is selected from potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer.

S12, turning over the first compartment for 11 days of 3 months, and planting melon seedlings for 20 days of 3 months.

When melon seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the height of the seedlings is 10cm, the stem is thicker than 0.4cm, the leaves are enlarged, and the leaf color is dark green, the field planting is carried out. The first compartment is evenly opened by ploughing and harrowing the land before field planting, and the compartment width is 1.2m, the ditch width is 30cm, and the compartment length is 30 m. And paving a drip irrigation belt 7d before field planting, and coating a film to improve the ground temperature. Each carriage is provided with 2 rows, the inter-carriage row spacing is 0.5m, and the inter-carriage row spacing is 1m. Selecting 3 months and 20 days of planting at the time of 'cold tail and warm head', and each 667m ² And (3) planting 1600 plants. After field planting, the ground temperature is ensured to reach more than 12 ℃ by a multilayer coverage mode. Vertical cultivation is adopted to ensure that melon seedlings are planted in high density.

After field planting and survival, water and fertilizer management, pruning and vine management, young fruit management, pest control and melon hanging are carried out.

Fertilizer and water management: as the previous crop is Morchella, the soil fertility is relatively sufficient, no organic fertilizer is needed, and the use amount of the base fertilizer can be properly reduced. Typically 667m ² Applying 10-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium=15:15:15), and deep turning the fertilizer into soilAnd mixing with soil. And applying a base fertilizer, and topdressing according to the growth condition of plants. The seedling water is fully watered in field planting, under-film drip irrigation is utilized to combine with additional fertilization and watering in the growth period, and additional fertilization is carried out when the first melon eggs are of the same size, and each 667m ² Shi Sanyuan the compound fertilizer is 10kg, and drip irrigation and additional fertilizer is adopted when the eggs of each batch are of the same size as eggs of each batch, and each 667m ² Shi Sanyuan and 5.0 to 7.5kg of compound fertilizer. Watering was stopped 7d before picking.

Pruning, vine management and young fruit management: vertical cultivation is adopted, and single vines are pruned. 2-3 lateral vines occurring between 12-15 knots of the main vines are selected, two leaves are left for picking the heart, and the rest lateral vines are removed in time. 10 sections of leaves are reserved above the fruiting tree, and then topping is carried out, and 22-25 sections are generally preferred. Artificial supplementary pollination is adopted in the greenhouse to improve fruit setting rate. The optimal pollination time is generally 8-10 a.m. 5-10 d after fruit branches are planted, when young fruits such as eggs are big, selecting the melon with big ovaries, thick fruit stalks and regular fruit shape, reserving 1 fruit per vine, and completely removing the melon on the other side vines. And 3-5 leaves of the plant basal part are removed properly, so that ventilation and light transmission of the basal part are enhanced.

Pest control: the main diseases and insect pests of melon include powdery mildew, aphid and red spider. Spraying 2000-3000 times of 25% pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate or 1000-1500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder in the early or middle stage of powdery mildew; when the red spider is in the spot-on-patch (the plant mite rate reaches 5%), spraying 5000 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate; when the aphid is harmful and the aphid plant rate reaches 20%, 10% of flonicamid water dispersible granule is sprayed, 2500-5000 times of water is added or 50g/L of hydroprene dispersible agent is used.

Hanging melon: after fruit setting, the fruiting branch is lifted by a plastic belt or hemp rope and pulled horizontally.

S13, starting to collect melons in 5 days of 6 months and ending the collection of melons in 30 days of 6 months.

Harvesting when the leaf and flesh parts of the leaves of the fruit bearing section lose green and mottled, tendrils are dried, fuzz on the surface of the fruit peel is removed, the skin color is changed and special fragrance is emitted.

Morchella is planted in the former stubble and the return control of 'Chuanmi gold jade' is planted in the latter stubble:

note that: the control is a single planting mode of the same melon planting technology.

S2, pulling seedlings to clear the shed after the melon harvesting is finished, and then carrying out high-temperature shed closing.

S21, pulling seedling and cleaning shed for 7 months and 8 days.

S22, high-temperature greenhouse closure is carried out from 15 days of 7 months to 30 days of 8 months, the greenhouse film is opened in 31 days of 8 months, the ventilation opening is opened, and the mulching film is uncovered for ventilation, so that gas damage is prevented.

And (3) high-temperature canopy, applying ammonium bicarbonate to the soil surface, applying 100-150 kg per mu, making dams around the greenhouse, irrigating water to 3-5 cm higher than the ground surface, covering the films in a crossing manner, closing the greenhouse air inlet and the greenhouse film, and keeping the greenhouse closed. And (5) starting to perform high-temperature treatment for 46 days from 7 months to 15 days until 8 months and 30 days. And (3) opening the greenhouse film, opening the ventilation opening, uncovering the mulching film for ventilation after 31 days of 8 months.

S3, turning over the second compartment in autumn, and cultivating Morchella; morchella is collected in the next early spring.

And S31, ploughing and opening the second compartment in 10 months and 15 days.

And uniformly ploughing and harrowing the land before sowing to open a second compartment. Morchella is cultivated in a high box with the width of 80cm, the height of 15cm and the width of about 50cm.

And S32, sowing Morchella esculenta is completed in 11 months and 12 days.

The excellent strain is one of key factors for ensuring the high yield of morchella. The strain vitality is an index for measuring the quality of the strain, and the step-by-step propagation and sowing at the stage of optimal bacterial age are the basis of stable and high yield. Morchella is prepared by three-level strains. The optimal bacterial age of the mother strain is 7-11 d, the optimal bacterial age of the stock strain is 15-20 d, and the optimal bacterial age of the cultivated strain is 18-20 d. The transformation bag is an important guarantee for stable fruiting of Morchella and normal growth of fruiting body, and the function of the transformation bag is not inferior to that of the strain. The preparation method of the conversion bag is generally that 85-90 wt% of wheat and 15-10 wt% of chaff are soaked to fully absorb water, the surface water is filtered out, and then 1wt% of lime and 1wt% of gypsum are added according to the weight of the mixture of the wheat and the grain, stirred evenly and packaged. The strain bags with the specification of 12 cm multiplied by 24 cm are used for the strain bags. Sterilizing the edible fungi by a conventional method.

Sowing is adopted in the sowing mode. After the strains are uniformly spread on the carriage surface, the soil is covered by 3-5 cm, and 400g is sown per square meter. After sowing, laying white mulch film on the carriage surface for heat preservation. After sowing for about 10-15 d, uniformly placing 1600 bags/mu of conversion bags on the carriage surface, punching one surface of the conversion bags, transversely placing the conversion bags, tightly adhering to the soil surface, and keeping the conversion bags until fruiting, and taking the conversion bags away or keeping until harvesting is finished.

And (3) water management: the field management of Morchella is performed around the water management, so the water management is important. The water management facility adopts a micro-sprinkling irrigation system. The micro-spraying system has good water spraying atomization degree, can effectively regulate air humidity and soil humidity, and the atomized water is beneficial to the growth of Morchella and improves the commodity. When the Morchella grows to about 1cm, the mulch film is uncovered, and then a frequent water supplementing period is entered, the proper temperature and humidity promote the Morchella to change from nutrition growth to reproduction growth, and the soil plough layer is kept in a moist state at 20-30 cm. According to weather changes, water is sprayed when the mushroom is dry, so that the mushroom is watered less frequently, and excessive water is avoided, and the mushroom is killed due to excessive watering. And reducing water supplementing when Morchella grows to 2-3 cm. Throughout the period, the ventilation is needed to avoid the damage of diseases and insects caused by high temperature and high humidity. And the water is properly controlled in the first 2-3 days of harvesting, so that the situation that the stipe is immersed in water and the commodity properties are influenced is avoided.

Pest control: rough management can lead to the occurrence of morchella diseases and insect pests, and pesticides and chemical pesticides are forbidden in the whole growing period due to the sensitivity of the morchella to bactericides and pesticides. Therefore, the morchella disease and pest control is kept in advance, the control is assisted, and standardized operation and refined management are emphasized.

And S33, harvesting Morchella at 1 month and 23 days in 2020.

Fruiting bodies are generally grown and matured after being unearthed for 7-10 days, and the harvesting standard is that cellular fungus covers of Morchella are basically unfolded, and timely harvested when the length is 5-8 cm. After harvesting, cleaning soil, grading, placing, selling fresh or drying, and sealing and preserving the dried product by a plastic bag.

And S34, harvesting Morchella at 3-11 days in 2020.

The yield per mu can reach more than 200kg, and the yield of Morchella is stable under the rotation mode.

Continuous cropping yield variation of Morchella esculenta No. 6:

	2018 production	2019 yield	Yield of 2020
				Examples	220kg	213kg	208kg
Control	220kg	209kg	111kg

Note that: the comparison is a single continuous cropping mode of the same Morchella cultivation technique.

The morchella is on the market just before and after spring festival, and occupies the gold grade period of the gift market, so the economic benefit is quite considerable.

And after the morchella harvesting is completed, executing the step S1 again.

The method can start from the step S1 or from the step S3, namely, muskmelon can be planted first and Morchella can be cultivated later; or cultivating Morchella esculenta and then planting melon. One year of morchella or one year of melon in the prior art is adjusted into two seasons of one year by the technology: early spring melon and autumn morchella.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. The rotation cultivation method of the muskmelon morchella is characterized in that the muskmelon is a muskmelon variety with thick skin and comprises one or two of Chuanmi gold jade and Chuanmi crisp jade; the Morchella variety comprises one or more of Morchella hexasistigma and Morchella terrae; the method comprises the following circulation steps:

s1, turning over a first compartment in a greenhouse in early spring, and planting melons;

s11, sowing melon seeds in middle and late 2 months;

airing melon seeds, soaking and sterilizing the melon seeds with thiophanate methyl or carbendazim or potassium permanganate solution, cleaning the melon seeds with clear water, soaking the melon seeds with trisodium phosphate solution to deactivate viruses, soaking the melon seeds with warm water, fishing out and cleaning the melon seeds, and then accelerating germination at a constant temperature; sowing seeds after the germs are exposed;

seedling is carried out by adopting seedling cultivating plug trays and industrial full-nutrition seedling cultivating matrixes; the white seeds are sowed according to 1 seed per hole, and the depth is 0.5-0.8 cm; adopting 4 layers of coverage modes of greenhouse, middle greenhouse, small arch greenhouse and mulch film to carry out heat preservation seedling raising; or culturing seedlings by adopting a warm bed; cooling and hardening seedlings 5-7 days before transplanting, and spraying protective disease prevention agents and foliar fertilizers before outplanting and transplanting;

s12, turning over the first compartment in the greenhouse in the middle of 3 months, and planting melon seedlings;

ploughing and harrowing the land uniformly, and opening a first carriage, wherein the width of the first carriage is 1.2m, and the width of a ditch is 30cm; 2 rows of melon seedlings are planted in each compartment, the row spacing in the compartment is 0.5m, and the row spacing between compartments is 1m;

the melon seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the seedling height is 10cm, the stem thickness is more than 0.4cm, planting is carried out, vertical frame cultivation is adopted, and the planting density is 1200-1600 plants/mu;

after field planting and survival, water and fertilizer management, pruning and vine management, young fruit management, pest control and melon hanging are carried out;

s13, starting melon harvesting in the last ten days of 6 months, and ending melon harvesting in the last ten days of 6 months;

s2, pulling seedlings to clear the shed after the melon harvesting is finished, and then carrying out high-temperature shed closing;

s21, pulling seedling and clearing shed in the last ten days of 7 months;

s22, spreading ammonium bicarbonate on the soil surface in the middle and upper ten days of 7 months, applying 100-150 kg per mu, making dams around the greenhouse, irrigating water in the greenhouse to 3-5 cm higher than the ground, keeping the greenhouse closed, starting to cover the greenhouse until the middle and upper ten days of 8 months, and treating for 30-50 d;

s3, turning over the second compartment in the autumn greenhouse, and cultivating Morchella; harvesting Morchella in the next early spring;

s31, ploughing the second compartment in the greenhouse for 10 months;

ploughing and raking the land uniformly, and opening a second carriage, wherein the width of the second carriage is 80cm, the carriage height is 15 and cm, and the aisle width is 50cm;

s32, sowing Morchella in the middle and upper ten days of 11 months;

sowing is adopted in a Morchella sowing mode; uniformly sowing strains on the carriage surface, covering soil by 3-5 cm, and sowing 400g per square meter; after sowing, laying a white mulching film on the carriage surface for heat preservation; after sowing for 10-15 days, uniformly placing conversion bags of 1600-2000 bags/mu on the surface of the second compartment, punching and horizontally placing one surface of the conversion bag, tightly adhering to the soil surface, and keeping the conversion bag until fruiting, and taking the conversion bag away or keeping until harvesting is finished; after sowing, performing moisture management and pest control;

the strain adopts three-stage strain seed production: the parent strain is 7-11 d in age, the stock strain is 15-20 d in age, and the cultivated strain is 18-20 d in age;

the conversion bag is manufactured by the following steps:

soaking 85-90 wt% of wheat and 15-10 wt% of chaff to fully absorb water, taking out to remove surface water, adding 1wt% of lime and 1wt% of gypsum according to the weight of the mixture of the wheat and the grains, uniformly stirring, filling into a strain bag, and sterilizing;

s33, beginning to collect Morchella in the next 1 st month;

s34, harvesting Morchella in the last 3 months of the next year;

after harvesting the morchella, executing the step S1 again;

the method starts at step S1 or step S3.