CN111771657A - Cultivation method of lily - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating Lilium concolor var. megalanthus, which comprises the steps of sterilizing soil, sexual propagation or vegetative propagation, fertilizing, preventing diseases and insect pests, performing field management and the like in the previous year of planting, and artificially culturing to obtain fresh cut flowers and seed balls of Lilium macranthum. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation method of the lilium floribundum can be used for artificially planting the lilium floribundum, comprises two methods of sexual propagation and vegetative propagation, and the lilium floribundum is full in seeds, large in seed balls and free of diseases and insect pests, can be cultivated and survived, and the flower color of the cut flowers is red and bright, striking and happy, so that great economic benefits are generated.

Description

Cultivation method of lily

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation method of lily.

Background technique

The lily is a varietal of the genus Wotan in the genus Lilium, and it is born in wet meadows, early wetlands or meadows with water all year round. Perennial herbs, bulbs spherical, 2-5cm high, erect stems, 30-100cm high, often with white woolly hairs, scattered leaves, elongated, 5-9cm long, 5-11mm wide, with short hirsute on the back veins, margins with Small papillary protrusions, several flowers arranged in umbels or racemes, pedicels erect, 2-6cm long, bracts leaf-like, 1-3cm long; flowers red or orange-red, with purple spots, shiny, flowers Tepals oblong, not revolute, 4-5.5cm long, 8.0-15mm wide, apex obtuse, both sides of nectaries with papillary or tassel-like protrusions; stamens 6, close to the center, filaments 1.5-2.5cm long, Glabrous, anther oblong, 7-10mm long, ovary cylindrical, 1.5-2.5cm long, 2.5-3.0mm wide; style shorter or nearly equal to ovary, stigma slightly enlarged, capsule oblong, flowering period June-July, fruiting period August-September. Like deep, well-drained, fertile, sandy loam rich in humus, avoid clay, suitable for acidic to slightly acidic soil. Cultivation in forest areas must also consider whether there are natural disasters such as seasonal rainfall-prone areas, concentrated water-passing areas after rain, and frost tracks. It is also necessary to investigate the start and end times of the highest and lowest temperature, the annual average temperature, the annual rainfall, the monthly rainfall, the maximum rainfall, the time of the rainy season, the dry season, the wind force, the wind direction and the prone time, and the start and end dates of frost and snow. Especially in recent years, due to environmental changes, extreme bad weather, such as fog, hail, acid rain, and the frequency of sandstorms, are all within the scope of the investigation. In addition, it is necessary to investigate whether there are large chemical plants in the surrounding area, whether sewage discharge affects the planting base, and whether the treatment of soot and dust meets the standards. When planting in a forest area, the relationship between the surrounding vegetation and the soil, fertility, pH, and soil thickness of the planting base should also be considered. The lily of the big flower is not strict on the climate, and likes warm climate. It can be cultivated in Northeast China and some parts of Inner Mongolia. It has strong cold resistance and can grow under the conditions of 5 to 30 °C. The suitable growth temperature is 20 to 28 °C.

The lily is rare in the Changbai Mountains, and is scattered in the wetlands of the three northeastern provinces. In the article "Research on the Priority Protection Sequence of Rare and Endangered Plants in Changbai Mountains", it is listed as a threatened species, which is a plant that needs to be protected.

In view of this, apply for this patent.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating lily maxima. The lily maxima is artificially planted, and the obtained seed bulbs are large and plump, and the flowers of fresh cut flowers are red and bright.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of lily.

Another object of the present invention is to provide fresh cut flowers, seeds and bulbs obtained according to the above-mentioned cultivating method of lily.

According to the cultivation method of the lily of the present invention, the cultivation method of the lily of the large flower comprises the following steps:

(1) Soil disinfection: in the autumn of the year before planting, the soil to be planted is disinfected, combined with fertilization, and then the soil is rotary tilled for more than 0.2 m, and finally the soil is sealed with plastic cloth;

(2) propagation: do furrows in spring, and described propagation includes sexual propagation and asexual propagation, and described sexual propagation includes planting seeds in the soil sterilized in step (1); described seeds are lily lily grown to the first The seed formed after flowering in three years; Described vegetative propagation comprises bulb planting or scale cuttings in the soil sterilized in step (1);

(3) Fertilization: in the year of planting, from the 15th to 25th day after emergence, foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 15 to 25 days; the first compound fertilizer is applied in the second year after planting and in late April every year thereafter. , and then apply the second compound fertilizer in mid-May and the third compound fertilizer in early June;

(4) Prevention of pests and diseases: use carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution and dimethoate EC aqueous solution for the first whole garden spray before planting to kill overwintering bacteria and insect eggs in the garden; 10 days after the first whole garden spraying, When the lily of the large flower is sprouted, adopt the difenoconazole WP aqueous solution and the dimethoate EC aqueous solution to carry out the second whole garden spraying, and on the 20th to 30th day after the second whole garden spraying, use diphenyl ether Difenoconazole WP aqueous solution, dimethoate EC aqueous solution and Fuer 655 foliar fertilizer aqueous solution are sprayed for the third time, and the third spray is for spraying plants and penetrates to the root;

(5) Field management: the field hoeing is shallow hoeing more than 3 times every year; in the second year after planting, it is found that the flower buds are removed in time to avoid competing for nutrients with the bulbs and affect the quality of the bulbs;

(6) Seed harvesting: The mature seeds are picked for drying in the third year after planting, and the immature seeds are removed by wind selection, and stored after drying. After storage, check regularly to prevent mildew.

According to the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (1), for the soil that has not been planted with Liliaceae plants, 90wt% dixone wettable powder is used for disinfection; The soil of lily plants is disinfected with a broad-spectrum soil disinfectant.

According to the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in the step (1), the consumption of the broad-spectrum soil disinfectant is specifically: the soil consumption for planting Liliaceae plants for more than 3 years is 150g /m ² , in the soil where Liliaceae or Solanaceae plants have been planted for 1 to 3 years, the dosage per 667 m ² is 20 to 30 kg.

According to the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (1), when using a broad-spectrum soil disinfectant, the moisture content of the soil is maintained at 50-60%, and the amount of the fertilization is Apply 2000-3000kg of base fertilizer per ^667m2 of land.

According to the method for cultivating Lilium grandiflora according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), the width of the border is 1-2 m, the width of the bottom of the border is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the top of the border is 1.0-1.3 m. m, the bottom of the border stem is 20cm wider than the top of the border stem, and the border stem is 0.2m higher.

According to the cultivation method of the lily grandiflora of the specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), the cuttage of the scale adopts the bulb with a diameter of more than 1.5cm for more than 3 years, starts to peel the scale layer by layer from the periphery of the bulb, removes the For the outer yellow spots or atrophied scales, each lily bulb girdled with 2 to 3 layers of scales is used as the provenance to cut into the cutting bed; the girdled lily scales are cultivated in holes according to the plant spacing.

According to the cultivation method of the lily of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), before the cuttage of the scales, a mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim WP and Zinc WP or potassium permanganate is used The water solution is soaked, then soaked in water, and then the cuttings are inserted into the cutting bed.

Further, the scales were soaked in a mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim WP and Zinc WP or an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate for 20 min before cutting, and then soaked in water for 20 min, and then cut into the cutting bed.

According to the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the length of the cutting bed is 10-20 m, the width of the cutting bed is 1-1.2 m, and the height of the cutting bed is 0.2 m.

According to the method for cultivating Lilium grandiflora according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), bulbs with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm are concentrated and planted for 1 year, and then planted separately.

According to the method for cultivating Lilium grandiflora according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of gibberellin for 15-25 minutes before planting, sown in the prepared furrows, and planted in a trench with a trench width of 4-25 min. 6cm, ditch depth 3-5cm, row spacing 15-25cm, 30-40 seeds per row.

According to the method for cultivating lily lily according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein the ditch for ditching planting is 5cm wide, 3-5cm deep, and the row spacing is 20cm. Overlaid with 50% shade net.

According to the method for cultivating lily lily in the specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), the row spacing of the scale cuttings is 5cm×20cm; the row spacing of the scale center cultivation is 15cm×20cm;

According to the method for cultivating lily maxima according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, when the bulbs are planted separately, the lily maxima is dug out and classified in late summer and early autumn, and the bulbs with a diameter of 0.5-0.9 cm and a diameter greater than 0.9 cm cm bulbs are classified and cultivated; the plant-row spacing during the separate planting is 10cm×20cm.

According to the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the gibberellin aqueous solution is obtained by adding 200 times of water to the gibberellin and mixing uniformly.

According to the cultivation method of the lily of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), before the cuttage of the scales, a mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim WP and Zinc WP or potassium permanganate is used Soak in aqueous solution, then soak in clean water, then quickly dip the scale base with 1000ppm indolebutyric acid for 5-8s, and then cut it into the cutting bed.

Further, before the cuttage of the scale, the mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim WP and Zinc WP or the potassium permanganate aqueous solution was used to soak for 20min, then soaked with clear water for 20min, and then used 1000ppm of indole butyric acid to quickly absorb the water. Dip the base of the scales for 5 to 8s, and then cut them into the cutting bed.

According to the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, wherein, in step (3), the foliar fertilizer is a 0.2wt% urea aqueous solution, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed until 20 days before the end of the growth period. Due to the slender growth of lily, it is strictly forbidden to increase the concentration of urea.

According to the method for cultivating Lilium grandiflora according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the first compound fertilizer is 3:2:1, and the first compound fertilizer has a weight ratio of 3:2:1. The application amount of the fertilizer is 10-15kg per 667m2; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the second compound fertilizer is 1:1:1, and the application amount of the ^{second compound} fertilizer is 10 per 667m2. ~15kg; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the third compound fertilizer is 1:2:3, and the application amount of the third compound fertilizer is 10-15kg per 667 m ² .

According to the fresh cut flowers obtained by the method for cultivating lily maxima according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the plant height of lily maxima in the third year after planting according to the method for cultivating lily maxima is 40-80 cm, and the bell shape is obtained by cutting. Fresh cut flowers.

According to the seeds obtained by the method for cultivating Lily maxima according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the mature seeds are picked in the third year after planting according to the method for cultivating Lily maxima, and the immature seeds are removed by wind selection. It can be stored naturally in a kraft paper bag.

According to the seed bulb obtained by the cultivation method of lily grandiflora according to the specific embodiment of the present invention, excavation is carried out in the third year after planting according to the cultivating method of lily maxima, and the bulb with a diameter of more than 1.5 cm is obtained as the seed bulb . After drying the surface layer of the seed ball, dilute 70wt% thiophanate-methyl WP 1000 times with water and 60wt% mancozeb WP 1000 times with water and 50wt% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times with water in a weight ratio After mixing at 1:1:1, soak it for 30 minutes, take it out, dry it, put it in a container after drying, and check it regularly to prevent mildew.

Most of the embryos of the natural growth of lily seeds are underdeveloped and cause abortion, which requires scientific management in all aspects. In principle, the lily will bud and bloom and form seeds in the second year. In order to collect high-quality provenance, the buds should be removed in time when part of the lily is budding in the second year, which is beneficial to the bulbs (bulbs). Growth, is conducive to improving the quality of bulbs.

Lily is not easy to grow. There are four points. First, it has the characteristics of horizontal rhizomes, that is, after germination in the soil, it grows horizontally at about 2 to 4 cm above the surface. The length is proportional to the planting year and planting technology, that is, the management technology is fine. , The growth time is long, and the stems are thick and long when they go horizontally, otherwise they are thin and short. However, the horizontal stem does not increase in thickness and length indefinitely. It will stop increasing in thickness and length after 5 years of growth. Therefore, shallow hoeing is required in the process of weeding. Second, during sexual reproduction, many seed embryos are underdeveloped and cause abortion. , it is difficult to obtain a large number of provenances, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen scientific management as much as possible to improve the fullness and maturity of seeds; thirdly, due to the small bulbs during asexual reproduction, there are fewer scales available for cutting propagation, and the growing seedlings are easily damaged by pests and diseases lead to death; fourth, it is vulnerable to damage by pests and diseases, so the prevention of pests and diseases is very important.

The broad-spectrum soil disinfectant has the effect of trapping and killing insects, fungi and weeds. It has strong efficacy, good disinfection effect, and no residue in the soil. It has a good control effect on the diseases caused by the soil of Lily It has good control effect on pests, parasitic nematodes and weeds. In particular, soil disinfection and potted substrate disinfection can effectively reduce the pests and diseases caused by continuous cropping during greenhouse planting of lily.

The soil moisture should be kept at 50-60% when using "Bisuxie broad-spectrum soil disinfectant". The principle of use: when the soil has been planted with Liliaceae plants for many years, the dosage is 150g/m ² , and the soil has been planted with Liliaceae plants for 1 to 3 years or Solanaceae plants, the dosage is ^20-30kg per 667m2, combined with fertilization, the soil is ploughed with a rotary tiller for more than 0.2m, and the soil is sealed with plastic cloth (plastic film is prohibited). The sealing time is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Sealing schedule of the broad-spectrum soil disinfectant

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The cultivating method of lily of the present invention can provide new original provenance for the hybrid breeding of lily. Hybrid breeding can obtain more new varieties. There is a certain gap between my country's lily hybrid breeding and international flower research represented by the Netherlands. The protection of the original provenance and the lack of attention to research have a causal relationship with the development of new lily varieties. The successful cultivation of lily has great commercial value.

(2) the cultivation method of lily of the present invention is to carry out artificial planting of lily of the large flower, including two kinds of methods of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, the seed bulb obtained by artificial cultivation management is larger and plump, the flower color of fresh cut flower is red and bright , eye-catching and festive, producing huge economic benefits.

(3) the cultivation method of lily of the present invention adopts special soil sterilization method, different sowing methods (comprising bulb planting and scale cutting), different fertilization methods and methods for preventing diseases and insect pests in stages are cultivated to lily of the large flower, suitable for Widespread promotion.

(4) the present invention removes flower buds in time in the second year after planting, avoids competing for nutrients with bulbs, affects bulb quality, reduces unnecessary nutrient consumption, the seed bulbs obtained are larger, easier to survive, reproduce and cultivate, and fresh Cut flowers are larger and more reddish.

(5) The cultivation method of lily of the present invention, through the treatment of different concentrations of gibberellin (GA3), the seed germination test is carried out, and the best germination rate of the seeds is obtained: soaking in 200 times of gibberellin (GA3) for 24h, germination rate of 100%.

(6) The cultivation method of lily of the present invention can obtain a large number of excellent germplasm resources, provide high-quality provenance for the introduction and return of wild resources, alleviate and finally realize the ecological balance function of germplasm resources in maintaining biological genetic diversity; It is of great significance to maintain the ecological balance and biodiversity of wetland natural resources.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail through the following examples. However, the selected embodiments are only intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

Select the location of planting, you can use GPS to locate the area, boundary, altitude, slope, and slope aspect.

Choose the most suitable soil for lily: like deep soil layer, well-drained, fertile, sandy loam rich in humus, avoid clay, suitable for acidic to slightly acidic soil. Cultivation in forest areas must also consider whether it is a seasonal rainfall-prone area, a concentrated water-passing area after rain, frost, cold roads and other natural disasters.

Choose a suitable climate: The survey includes the start and end time of the highest and lowest temperature, the annual average temperature, the annual rainfall, the monthly rainfall, the maximum rainfall, the time of the rainy season, the dry season, the wind force, the wind direction and the prone time, and the start and end dates of frost and snow. Especially in recent years, due to environmental changes, extreme bad weather, such as fog, hail, acid rain, and the frequency of sandstorms, are all within the scope of the investigation. In addition, it is necessary to investigate whether there are large chemical plants in the surrounding area, whether sewage discharge affects the planting base, and whether the treatment of soot and dust meets the standards. When planting in a forest area, the relationship between the surrounding vegetation and the soil, fertility, pH, and soil thickness of the planting base should also be considered. More suitable climate: Lily lily does not have strict climate requirements and likes warm climates. It can be cultivated in Northeast China and some parts of Inner Mongolia. It has strong cold resistance and can grow under the conditions of 5 to 30 °C. The suitable growth temperature is 20 to 28 °C.

Choose a suitable water source: The water quality must meet the water quality standards for farmland irrigation. Including running water, rainwater, well water, pond water. The big flower lily likes wet and avoids drought. Irrigation is required during moderate drought.

The diluents in the following examples are all aqueous solutions.

Example 1

This embodiment provides a method for cultivating lily maxima. Two plots with the same area and the same soil quality are selected in the Changbai Mountain area, including the No. 1 plot and the No. 2 plot.

(1) Disinfection: No Liliaceae plants have been planted in Plot No. 1, and soil disinfection was carried out with "90% Dixon WP" in the autumn of the previous year according to the instructions; the first five crops of Plot No. 2 were Liliaceae plants. For plants, the soil was disinfected with "Biquixing broad-spectrum soil disinfectant" at a dosage of 150g/m ² . After disinfection, the same base fertilizer was applied to ^both fields, and 3000kg of organic fertilizer was applied to each 667m2, and then the soil was 0.3m deep with a rotary cultivator to make a border with a length of 20m, a width of 1m, a height of 0.2m, and plastic sheeting. Seal the soil for 20 days.

(2) Planting: make a border in spring, use sexual reproduction in plot No. 1, select the seeds formed after flowering in the third year of lily, first soak the seeds with 200 times of gibberellin solution for 15-25 minutes and sow them to the preparation In a good plot, ditch planting, ditch width 5cm, ditch depth 3-5cm, row spacing 20cm, sow 30-40 seeds per row. Cover the soil with straw curtains and spray water to keep them moisturizing, and check regularly. When the soil is dry, spray water on the straw curtains. The seedlings will emerge in 5 to 15 days, and the emergence rate is 100%;

The No. 2 plot adopts vegetative propagation and scale cuttings. The scales peeled from bulbs with a diameter of more than 1.0cm for more than three years are cut into the cutting bed. The soil quality of the cutting bed is sandy loam (must be plain soil). The perlite is used to adjust the soil viscosity, hold it into a ball by hand, and loosen the soil as a standard. Peel off the scales layer by layer from the periphery of the bulb, remove the outer layer of yellow spots or atrophied scales, and peel 2 to 3 layers of scales from each large flower lily as the provenance; before cutting the scales, use "50% carbendazim Mix the 500-fold dilution of "wettable powder" with the 500-fold dilution of "65% Zinc Wettable Powder", soak for 30 minutes, drain and dry in the shade. After soaking, 1000ppm of "indole butyric acid (IBA)" was used to quickly dip the base of the scales for 5-8s. "Indole butyric acid (IBA)" has the effect of promoting the roots of the scales, high seedling rate and neat emergence. The row spacing of the cuttings is 5cm×20cm, the scales are concave upward, at an angle of 45 degrees, and inserted into the soil at a depth of 5cm. When the temperature is 18 to 25 ° C, the bulb callus can differentiate into 1 to 2 small bulbs in 20 to 30 days. Germination and growth in spring. In autumn, the diameter of bulbs grows to more than 0.5-1.0cm. At this time, they are classified into two grades, namely diameters of 0.5-0.9cm and greater than 0.9cm, and the row spacing of cultivation plants is 10cm×20cm. The purpose of classification cultivation is to facilitate field management and precise fertilization. . Bulbs with a diameter of less than 0.5cm are concentrated and planted for one year, and then planted separately.

After girdling, the scales of the large-flowered lily are cultivated within the border at a spacing of 15cm × 20cm, and harvested after 2 years of growth. The scale-heart propagation method cannot be used disorderly, and must be discarded after continuous planting for 3 to 5 years.

(3) Fertilization: The fertilization of the two plots is the same, and the lily of the big flower likes light fertilizer. The lily of Changbai Mountains germinates in late April. The first compound fertilizer is applied in late April every year. Nitrogen is the main fertilizer. The m(N):m(P):m(K) is 3:2:1, 667m ² The dosage is 10-15kg, the purpose is to promote the growth of seedlings; the second time is in mid-May, with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer as the main, m(N):m(P):m(K) is 1:1 : ¹ , 667m2 dosage of 10-15kg, the purpose is to promote growth and form flower buds; the third time in early June, with potassium fertilizer as the main, m(N):m(P):m(K) ratio of 1:2 : 3, 667m ² The dosage is 10-15kg, the purpose is to promote flowering and form plump seeds. Note that topdressing compound fertilizers are prohibited from chlorine-containing fertilizers.

(4) Prevention of pests and diseases: The same measures are taken for the prevention of pests and diseases in the two plots. The prevention of pests and diseases is carried out in spring. After the first spraying of the whole garden in early spring, the planting land will be cleared, and 500% of "50% carbendazim wettable powder" will be used. The 2000 times dilution of "40% dimethoate EC" is mixed with the 2000 times dilution of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate and sprayed in the whole garden, the purpose is to kill the overwintering bacteria and eggs in the garden; When the big flower lily sprouts, use "10% difenoconazole (Shigao) wettable powder" 1500 times dilution and "40% dimethoate EC" 2000 times dilution and spray the whole garden, the purpose is to prevent large Flower lily plant diseases and insect pests; 20 days between the third spraying and the second whole garden spraying, use "10% Difenoconazole (Shigao) WP" 1500 times dilution and "40% Dimethoate EC" 2000 After mixing the 1,500-fold dilution of "Ful 655" foliar fertilizer, the whole garden is sprayed. The third spray method is: put the liquid into the sprayer, remove the nozzle, wet the plants by pressure and infiltrate the liquid To the root of the bulb, apply about 50ml to each bulb. The purpose is to fully absorb nutrients while preventing diseases and insect pests. In the Changbai Mountains, pest and disease prevention began in mid-April, and the whole park prevention ended in mid-May. Since the growth period of the big flower lily is to the end of July, during this period, if it encounters continuous rainy weather, spray drugs in time to prevent diseases and insect pests.

(5) Field management: The field management of the two plots is the same, and artificial weeding will be carried out in early May. Due to the characteristics of the rhizome long (walking) of the lily, the weeding needs shallow hoeing, and the weeds should be removed as soon as possible to avoid the root system of the weeds. When it is larger, it will damage the rhizome of Lily lily. Concentrated weeding 3 times, namely early May, late May, and mid-June. Weeds need to be removed in time after continuous rain. The first purpose is to prevent the rhizomes of the lily from being easily damaged when there are too many weeds; the second is to prevent competition with the lily for nutrition; the third is to prevent the lily from growing excessively; the fourth is to prevent the induction of pests and diseases. After sowing, the scaffold was covered with 50% shading net in time, 0.2% urea was sprayed on the foliage 20 days after emergence, and then 0.2% urea was sprayed on the foliage every 20 days until the end of the growing season 20 days before the end of summer and the beginning of the planting year. Planting in autumn. The row spacing of cultivated plants is 10cm×20cm, and the purpose of classified cultivation is to facilitate field management and precise fertilization. The lily buds buds in late May of the second year after cultivation, and should be removed in time after discovery to avoid competing for nutrients with the bulbs, affecting the quality of the bulbs and increasing the weight of the bulbs, and reducing the growth and flowering quality of the lilies in the third year.

(6) Fresh cut flowers: The plant height of the horticultural cultivation of large-flowered lily in the third year after planting is between 40 and 80 cm, and the bell-shaped fresh-cut flowers are obtained. The leaves are sword-shaped and ornamental. It is suitable for the development of the fresh cut flower market; since most of the lilies have only one branch, in principle, 80% of the flower buds are harvested and can be delivered to the seller on the same day or the next day. Cutting method: The harvesting part is about 15cm away from the ground, and the surface plants retain 4 to 6 leaves to ensure that the bulbs continue to grow. Cut at 45° with a sharp blade, put it in a bucket immediately after cutting, and keep the cut flowers out of the water for no more than 15 minutes. Each barrel of 50 sticks is a group, and the harvest time, specifications and quantity are recorded. Grading and packaging for storage. The grading standards for fresh cut flowers of lily are shown in Table 2:

Table 2 Classification standard of fresh cut flowers of lily

Refer to GB/T18247, 1-2000 cut flower classification standard for sub-packaging, after the base is cut (cut), the upper part of the flower is aligned, the 20cm leaves at the base are removed, and 10 branches are in a bundle, tied with rubber bands or plastic ropes. Put a plastic bag, stick the date, and insert it into a 10-15cm clean water bucket. 0.2 mmol/L silver thiosulfate (STS) and 500 mg/L gibberellin (GA3) were added to the water for pretreatment. Immediately after loading, put it in a storage room at 2-4 ℃ together with a bucket, and store it for 4-48 hours. Low temperature storage can reduce the sensitivity of lily to ethylene.

(7) Harvesting and processing of seeds and bulbs: the two plots are the same, the seeds are mature in mid-August of the third year after planting, and the capsules are picked and aired in time, and the immature seeds are removed by wind selection (breeze). About 5.48g; the seeds are stored in a kraft paper bag after drying, and are checked regularly to prevent mildew.

The bulbs require strong root system, full bulbs, uniform size, no pests and diseases, and no defective scales. Bulbs with a diameter of 1.5cm or more are seed bulbs. After the surface layer is dried, 70wt% thiophanate-methyl WP is diluted 1000 times with water and 60wt% Mancozeb WP is diluted 1000 times with water and 50wt% phoxim EC Dilute it 1000 times with water, mix it at a weight ratio of 1:1:1, soak it for 30 minutes, take it out and dry it in the air.

See Table 3 for the quality classification of lily bulbs:

Table 3 Classification of quality grades of lily bulbs (bulbs)

Large-flowered lily commercial bulbs refer to bulbs that have been artificially cultivated for 3 years. The primary and secondary sources are used as the main cultivated provenance. Although the third-level bulbs are also suitable for fresh cut flower sales, the flowers are small and suitable for florets and flower arrangements.

Cold storage storage, storage principle "constant temperature, ventilation, shading, drying". After disinfection, the bulbs are packed in layers, and the storage container can be a wooden box or a cardboard box. The substrate is filled with peat soil. Since the lily bulbs are small, the moisture content of the peat soil needs to be about 50%. Mix with 400g of "50% carbendazim wettable powder" per 500kg of peat soil before use. Pad the bottom of the container with 2cm of peat soil, place a layer of seed balls, then put a layer of peat soil, and then place a layer of seed balls, and so on. It is best to place no more than 4 layers, with a layer of 2cm of soil on top. Carbon soil. Packed into a labelled carton. Check the substrate after 2 months of storage, and it needs to be sprayed with water in time to moisturise when dry. The label must be double-labeled, one is placed in the box, and the name, Latin name, specification, quantity, packing date, origin, production unit, etc. are written on the outer box. After the bulbs are boxed, they are transferred to a cold room for storage. The cold room is sprayed and disinfected with 0.5wt% potassium permanganate, and then placed in the bulb box, leaving a channel for every 4 rows, which is convenient for inspection and ventilation. First pre-treat at 3-5°C to 0°C for 7 days, and then lower it to -3°C to -1°C for long-term storage.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a method for cultivating lily lily. Two plots with the same area and the same soil quality are selected in Inner Mongolia, including plot No. 1 and plot No. 2.

(1) Disinfection: No Liliaceae plants have been planted in Plot No. 1, and soil disinfection was carried out with "90% dixone wettable powder" in the fall of the previous year according to the instructions; the previous crop in Plot No. 2 was Solanaceae. For plants, disinfect the soil with "Biquixing broad ^- spectrum soil disinfectant", the dosage is 30kg per 667m2. After disinfection, the same base fertilizer was applied to ^both fields, and 2000kg of organic fertilizer was applied to each 667m2, and then the soil was ploughed by a rotary tiller to a depth of 0.25m to make a border with a length of 10m, a width of 1.2m, and a height of 0.2m. Cloth seal the soil for 15 days.

(2) Planting: The No. 1 plot adopts sexual reproduction and bulb planting. First soak the seeds with 200 times aqueous solution of gibberellin for 15 to 25 minutes, then ditch and plant, with a width of 5 cm, a depth of 3 to 5 cm, and a row spacing of 20 cm. Bulbs larger than 0.9cm are sown with 30 bulbs per row, covered with soil and covered with straw curtains and sprayed with water to keep them moist, and checked regularly. When the soil is dry, water should be sprayed on the straw curtains. The seedlings will emerge in 5 to 15 days, and the emergence rate is 100%;

The No. 2 plot is vegetatively propagated, and the propagation method is scale cuttings. Bulbs that are more than three years old are cut into the cutting bed. The soil quality of the cutting bed is forest humus. Using pastoral soil as the matrix, perlite should be added to adjust the soil viscosity, and the soil viscosity should be adjusted by hand. Hold it into a ball, loosen the soil and spread it out as a standard, make a bed of 10-20m in length, 1-1.2m in width and 0.2m in height, peel off the scales layer by layer from the periphery of the bulb, and remove the outer layer of yellow spots or atrophied scales. Each lily girdling is girdled with 2 to 3 layers of scales as the provenance; before the scales are cut, the scales are peeled off and soaked in 0.02wt% "potassium permanganate (KMnO4)" aqueous solution for 20 minutes, then soaked in water for 20 minutes, drained Dry in the shade. After soaking, dip the base of the scale with 1000ppm of "indole butyric acid (IBA)" and quickly dip it for 5 to 8s. "Indole butyric acid (IBA)" has the effect of promoting the root of the scale, high seedling rate and neat emergence. The row spacing of the cuttings is 5cm × 20cm, the scales are concave upward, at an angle of 45 degrees, and the depth is 5cm. Insert into the soil. When the temperature is 18 to 25 °C, the bulb callus can differentiate into 1 to 2 small bulbs in 20 to 30 days. Annual buds. The soil germinates in the spring of the following year to form seedlings. In autumn, the diameter of the bulbs grows to more than 0.5-1.0cm. At this time, they are classified into two grades, which are diameters of 0.5-0.9cm and greater than 0.9cm. The purpose of cultivation is to facilitate field management and precise fertilization.

After girdling, the scales of the large-flowered lily are cultivated within the border at a spacing of 15cm × 20cm, and harvested after 2 years of growth. The scale-heart propagation method cannot be used disorderly, and must be discarded after continuous planting for 3 to 5 years.

(3) Fertilization: The fertilization of the two plots is the same, and the lily of the big flower likes light fertilizer. The lily of Changbai Mountains germinates in late April. The first compound fertilizer is applied in late April every year. Nitrogen is the main fertilizer. The m(N):m(P):m(K) is 3:2:1, 667m ² The dosage is 10-15kg, the purpose is to promote the growth of seedlings; the second time is in mid-May, with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer as the main, m(N):m(P):m(K) is 1:1 : ¹ , 667m2 dosage of 10-15kg, the purpose is to promote growth and form flower buds; the third time in early June, with potassium fertilizer as the main, m(N):m(P):m(K) ratio of 1:2 : 3, 667m ² The dosage is 10-15kg, the purpose is to promote flowering and form plump seeds. Note that topdressing compound fertilizers are prohibited from chlorine-containing fertilizers.

(4) Prevention of pests and diseases: The same measures are taken for the prevention of pests and diseases in the two plots. The prevention of pests and diseases begins in spring. For the first time, the planting land is cleared after early spring, and the 500-fold dilution of "50% carbendazim WP" and " The 2000 times dilution of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate is mixed and sprayed in the whole garden, the purpose is to kill the overwintering bacteria and insect eggs in the garden; the second time is 10 days later (late April), when the lily of the big flower sprouts, use "10% Difenoconazole (Shigao) WP" 1500 times dilution and "40% Dimethoate EC" 2000 times dilution are sprayed in the whole garden, the purpose is to prevent diseases and insect pests of lily plants; the third interval 20 days, after mixing with 1500 times dilution of "10% Difenoconazole (Shigao) WP" and "40% Dimethoate EC" aqueous solution and 1500 times dilution of "Ful 655" foliar fertilizer, the first The three-time spraying method is as follows: put the medicinal liquid into the sprayer, remove the nozzle, wet the plant with the medicinal liquid through pressure and penetrate to the root of the bulb, and apply about 50ml to each bulb. The purpose is to fully absorb nutrients while preventing diseases and insect pests. In the Changbai Mountains, pest and disease prevention began in mid-April, and the whole park prevention ended in mid-May. Since the growth period of the big flower lily is to the end of July, during this period, if it encounters continuous rainy weather, spray drugs in time to prevent diseases and insect pests.

(5) Field management: The field management of the two plots is the same, and artificial weeding will be carried out in early May. Due to the characteristics of the rhizome long (walking) of the lily, the weeding needs shallow hoeing, and the weeds should be removed as soon as possible to avoid the root system of the weeds. When it is larger, it will damage the rhizome of Lily lily. Concentrated weeding 3 times, namely early May, late May, and mid-June. Weeds need to be removed in time after continuous rain. The first purpose is to prevent the rhizomes of the lily from being easily damaged when there are too many weeds; the second is to prevent competition with the lily for nutrition; the third is to prevent the lily from growing excessively; the fourth is to prevent the induction of pests and diseases. After sowing, the scaffold was covered with 50% shading net in time, weeds were removed in time during the growth period, 0.2wt% urea was sprayed on the foliage 20 days after emergence, and then 0.2wt% urea was sprayed on the foliage every 20 days until the end of the growth period. 20 days, planting in late summer and early autumn of the year of planting. The row spacing of cultivated plants is 10cm×20cm, and the purpose of classified cultivation is to facilitate field management and precise fertilization. In late May of the second year, the lily of the large flower buds, and it is removed in time after discovery to avoid competing for nutrients with the bulb, affecting the quality of the bulb and increasing the weight of the bulb, and reducing the growth and flowering quality of the lily of the third year.

(6) Seed harvesting: Pick mature seeds for drying in the third year after planting, remove immature seeds by wind selection, store them after drying, and check them regularly to prevent mildew.

Comparative Example 1

The Changbai Mountain block is selected, which is exactly the same as that of Example 2 in terms of soil quality and climate, and the cultivation method is completely the same.

Test example

Since most of the seed embryos of lily are aborted, in order to support the sexual reproduction of lily, a sexual reproduction test of lily was carried out.

The test uses different concentrations of gibberellin (GA3) to treat lily. It should be noted that gibberellin (GA3) is the first drug for the seed germination treatment test, and the dose used is also a multiple of the test. Accurately reflect the germination rate of seeds. Wherein, the test group soaked the seeds with gibberellin, and the control group did not soak the seeds with gibberellin, and the test results were shown in Table 4 below:

Table 4 The effect of gibberellin on seed germination rate

As can be seen from the above table, soaking the seeds with gibberellin can significantly improve the germination rate of lily, and the germination rate of seeds can be increased to 100% with 200 times of gibberellin water solution.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a cultivating method of Lily maxima, is characterized in that, the cultivating method of described Lily maxima comprises the following steps: (1) Soil disinfection: disinfect the soil to be planted in the autumn of the year before planting, combine with fertilization, then rotate the soil for more than 0.2m, and finally seal the soil with plastic cloth; (2) propagation: do furrows in spring, and described propagation includes sexual propagation and asexual propagation, and described sexual propagation includes planting seeds in the soil sterilized in step (1); described seeds are lily lily grown to the first The seed formed after flowering in three years; Described vegetative propagation comprises bulb planting or scale cuttings in the soil sterilized in step (1); (3) Fertilization: in the year of planting, from the 15th to 25th day after emergence, foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 15 to 25 days; the first compound fertilizer is applied in the second year after planting and in late April every year thereafter. , and then apply the second compound fertilizer in mid-May and the third compound fertilizer in early June; (4) Prevention of pests and diseases: Before planting, use carbendazim wettable powder aqueous solution and dimethoate EC aqueous solution for the first whole garden spray to kill overwintering bacteria and insect eggs in the garden; 10 days after the first whole garden spraying, When the lily of the large flower is sprouted, adopt the difenoconazole WP aqueous solution and the dimethoate EC aqueous solution to carry out the second whole garden spraying, and on the 20th to 30th day after the second whole garden spraying, use diphenyl ether Difenoconazole WP aqueous solution, dimethoate EC aqueous solution and Fuer 655 foliar fertilizer aqueous solution are sprayed for the third time, and the third spray is for spraying plants and penetrates to the root; (5) Field management: the field hoeing is shallow hoeing more than 3 times every year; in the second year after planting, it is found that the flower buds are removed in time to avoid competing for nutrients with the bulbs and affect the quality of the bulbs; (6) Harvesting of seeds: in the third year after planting, the mature seeds are picked for drying, and the immature seeds are removed by wind selection, and then stored after drying. 2. the cultivation method of lily macroflora according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), for the soil that has not planted Liliaceae plant, adopts 90wt% dixone WP to carry out disinfection; The stubble crop is the soil of Liliaceae plants, which is disinfected with a broad-spectrum soil disinfectant. 3. the cultivating method of lily grandiflora according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step (1), the consumption of described must quickly exterminate broad-spectrum soil disinfectant is specially: the soil of planting Liliaceae plant more than 3 years The dosage is 150g/m ² , and the dosage per 667 m ² is 20-30kg in the soil that has been planted with Liliaceae or Solanaceae plants for 1 to 3 years. 4. the cultivating method of lily grandiflora according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), when using the broad-spectrum soil disinfectant that must be quickly extinguished, the moisture content of soil keeps 50～60%, and described fertilization The dosage is ²⁰⁰⁰ ～3000kg base fertilizer per 667m2 of land. 5. the cultivation method of lily florida according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the width of described border is 1～2m, the width of border stem bottom is 1.2～1.5m, and the top of border stem is wide 1.0～1.3m, the bottom of the border stem is 20cm wider than the top of the border stem, and the border stem is 0.2m high; The cuttage of the scale adopts the bulb with a diameter of more than 1.0cm for more than 3 years, peels the scale layer by layer from the periphery of the bulb, removes the outer layer of yellow lesions or atrophied scales, and girdles 2 to 3 layers of scales from each large flower lily bulb. As the provenance, it is cut into the cutting bed; the girdled lily scales are cultivated according to the spacing between the plants; The scales are soaked in a mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim WP and Zinc WP or an aqueous potassium permanganate solution before cutting, and then soaked in clean water, and then cut into the cutting bed; The length of the cutting bed is 10-20 m, the width of the cutting bed is 1-1.2 m, and the height of the cutting bed is 0.2 m; Bulbs with a diameter of less than 1.0cm are concentrated and planted for 1 year, and then planted separately; The seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of gibberellin for 15 to 25 minutes before the seeds are planted, sown in the prepared furrows, and ditched for planting. The ditch is 4 to 6 cm wide, 3 to 5 cm deep, and the row spacing is 15 to 25 cm. ~40 capsules; The ditch for ditching is 5cm wide, 3-5cm deep, and 20cm between rows. After the seeds are planted, the seeds are covered with soil and covered with straw curtains and sprayed for moisture retention. After planting, the supports are covered with 50% sunshade nets. 6. the cultivation method of lily of the largest flower according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step (2), the row spacing of described scale cuttage is 5cm × 20cm; The row spacing of described scale center cultivation is 15 × 20cm ; When the bulbs are sub-planted and planted, lily lily is dug out and classified in late summer and early autumn, and the bulbs with diameters of 0.5 to 0.9 cm and bulbs with diameters greater than 0.9 cm are classified and cultivated; the plant-row spacing during the sub-planting and field planting is 10 ×20cm. 7. The cultivation method of lily maxima according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), described gibberellin aqueous solution is to add 200 times of water in gibberellin and mix uniformly. 8. the cultivation method of lily florida according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), before described scale cuttage, adopt the mixed aqueous solution of carbendazim WP and Zinc WP or high Soak in potassium manganate aqueous solution, then soak in clean water, then quickly dip the scale base with 1000ppm indole butyric acid for 5-8s, and then cut it into the cutting bed. 9. the cultivation method of lily of the largest flower according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), described foliar fertilizer is the urea aqueous solution of 0.2wt%, sprays foliar fertilizer to 20 minutes before the end of growth period days; the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the first compound fertilizer is 3:2:1, and the application amount of the first compound fertilizer is 10-15kg per 667 m ² ; in the second compound fertilizer The weight ratio of NPK is 1:1:1, the application amount of the second compound fertilizer is 10-15kg per 667m ² ; the weight ratio of NPK in the third compound fertilizer is 1:2 : 3, the application amount of the third compound fertilizer is 10-15 kg per 667 m ² . 10. the fresh cut flowers, seeds and seed bulbs obtained according to the cultivation method of lily maxima according to claims 1 to 9, is characterized in that, the lily of the maxima after planting the third year according to the cultivating method of lily maxima The plant height is 40-80cm, and bell-shaped fresh cut flowers are obtained by cutting; the mature seeds are picked in the third year after planting and aired, and the immature seeds are removed by wind selection, and after drying, they can be stored in a kraft paper bag for natural storage; after planting Excavation is carried out in the third year, and bulbs with a diameter of more than 1.5 cm are obtained as seed bulbs.