CN107114182B

CN107114182B - Eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing and windproof cultivation method and eucalyptus seed garden

Info

Publication number: CN107114182B
Application number: CN201710297178.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林彦; 罗建中; 卢万鸿; 王楚彪
Original assignee: CHINA EUCALYPT RESEARCH CENTER
Current assignee: CHINA EUCALYPT RESEARCH CENTER
Priority date: 2017-04-28
Filing date: 2017-04-28
Publication date: 2020-06-23
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-28
Also published as: CN107114182A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dwarfing and windproof cultivation method for a eucalyptus seed garden and the eucalyptus seed garden, which comprises the steps of grafting, field planting, pesticide and fertilizer management, pruning and the like. The special dwarfing eucalyptus seed garden can enable eucalyptus seedlings in the garden to bloom and fruit in advance, is convenient for observation of flowering season, pollen collection, pollination, fruit harvesting and other work, reduces the cost of breeding for tall plants of eucalyptus, reduces the risk of high-altitude operation, avoids the damage of typhoon to the eucalyptus seed garden, and greatly improves the efficiency and convenience of eucalyptus breeding work.

Description

Eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing and windproof cultivation method and eucalyptus seed garden

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and relates to a eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing and windproof cultivation method and a eucalyptus seed garden.

Background

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) is a generic name for plants of the genus Eucalyptus and the family Myrtaceae. Evergreen tall trees, from tall trees with towering clouds to short shrubs, are about more than six hundred species, which are the most representative species of woody plants in Australia, and are characterized by fast growth, extremely short felling period, mature technology, less plant diseases and insect pests and good economic benefit. The hybrid vigor is expressed by taking eucalyptus such as eucalyptus urophylla as a male parent and a female parent for hybridization and is widely cultivated in China, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan as main cultivation tree species. Most of the eucalyptus trees with high economic value are tall trees, and the trees can grow to 100-110 meters frequently. The traditional breeding mode generally adopts the selection of well-grown plants for artificial pollination, but the pollination of the eucalyptus with the size is provided with the following disadvantages: 1. the cost is high because the eucalyptus needs to be put up when being subjected to artificial hybrid pollination; 2. certain potential safety hazards exist in high-altitude operation, and high-altitude falling accidents of personnel occur for many times; 3. for typhoon landing areas, the risk of breakage and lodging of tall seed plants is increased.

Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a dwarfing and windproof cultivation method for a eucalyptus seed garden and the eucalyptus seed garden thereof, which utilize means such as biology, cultivation science and physics and the like to ensure that the tree body of the cultivated eucalyptus seed garden is short and the crown is compact, so that a mother plant of the eucalyptus in the seed garden blooms and bears fruits in advance, the cost for artificial hybrid pollination of the eucalyptus in the forest is reduced, the safety of pollination operation is improved, and the risks of breakage, lodging and the like of the plants under severe weather conditions can be overcome.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a method for dwarfing a eucalyptus seed garden and cultivating divaricate saposhnikovia roots is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) grafting: selecting a semi-annual eucalyptus seedling without disease and insect pests as a stock, wherein the height of the plant is about 30cm, the trunk is robust, and water and fertilizer are controlled in the week before grafting; selecting a branch of the eucalyptus variety close to the top end of the tree corresponding to the stock for the scion, and grafting the branch to the stock of the corresponding eucalyptus variety by adopting a branch cleft grafting method;

(2) planting: transplanting the eucalyptus grafted seedlings to a planting garden when the height of the eucalyptus grafted seedlings reaches about 80cm, inserting a divaricate saposhnikovia root stick, and pouring enough root fixing water until the seedlings survive; regularly erasing the buds germinated from the stock part below the scion;

(3) and (3) managing pesticide and fertilizer, namely after eucalyptus grafted seedlings are planted for half a year and harvested every year, dwarfing the seedlings by using paclobutrazol, wherein the treatment dosage is 0.2g of powder with the diameter of × CM, and top dressing is carried out on a compound fertilizer according to 0.5 KG/plant.

(4) Trimming: the pruning comprises pruning before planting, pruning after planting, pruning before harvesting fruits, pruning after harvesting fruits and pruning before typhoon.

And further, the method also comprises the windproof treatment after field planting, namely, cement mortar is used for burying a steel pipe with the specification of 1 inch and the length of 2.5 meters, the burying depth is about 0.5 meter, and the trunk of the eucalyptus and the steel pipe are tightly bound by a rubber binding band before typhoon landing.

Further, the cultivation method of the rootstock is as follows: sowing eucalyptus seeds in 11-12 months of each year, transplanting the seedlings into a light matrix section after 1 month later, wherein the length of the light matrix section is 10CM, the diameter is 3.8CM, and the proportion of the light matrix is rice husks: peat: 5 parts of coconut chaff: 3: 2; transplanting the plantlets to a 23X 18CM plastic seedling raising bag when the plantlets survive and grow stably to 5-10CM, wherein the proportion of a seedling raising substrate is yellow core soil: coarse peat is 6: and 4, applying 0.3% compound fertilizer twice after the nursery stock grows stably, wherein the height of the nursery stock is about 30cm, the trunk is robust, the nursery stock can be used for grafting, and water and fertilizer are controlled in one week before grafting, so that the semi-lignification of the trunk is facilitated.

Further, selecting a part which is semi-lignified and has no axillary bud germination below the top end of the eucalyptus branch, leaving no terminal bud, preferably keeping the length of 2-3 nodes, and keeping the leaf about 1 cm; and (3) after grafting, the scion is sprayed with water by a spraying pot, sleeved with a plastic bag, tied at the lower part for moisture preservation, marked, placed under a shade net, the buds on the stock are removed in time, the plastic bag is untied when the buds on the scion grow to about 1cm, and the scion leaves and the new buds are kept moist until the scion leaves and the new buds grow stably after the plastic bag is untied.

Further, the preparation method of the field planting garden land comprises the following steps of selecting land blocks which are good in drainage and irrigation and loose and fertile in soil quality, preparing planting holes according to the plant spacing of 4m × 5m and the hole specification length of ×, width of × and height of 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, adding 0.25kg of phosphate fertilizer into the base fertilizer per hole, adding 0.25kg of compound fertilizer into the base fertilizer per hole, scattering a small amount of carbofuran into the holes to prevent insects, and returning soil.

Further, it is characterized in that the compound fertilizer is N: p: k ratio 15: 15: 15 of Dutch compound fertilizer.

Further, the height of the eucalyptus is controlled to be 2-3m through pruning, the diameter of the crown is controlled to be within 2m, and the tree form which is developed but not subjected to wind is cultivated, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

a. pruning before planting: after the eucalyptus is grafted, newly-germinated buds grow and have wide leaves, the first pruning is carried out when the leaves are wilted, top buds and a part of lateral branches are pruned, and only two nodes are left in each branch; b. pruning after planting: after field planting, trimming top and side branches when the grafted eucalyptus seedlings grow to 2 meters, culturing and developing tree forms, and trimming bare branches and a large number of multiple branches in time by using newly-germinated buds after trimming; c. trimming after harvesting: pruning top branches which grow vigorously and useless low-drooping branches after fruit harvest every year; d. trimming before blowing the typhoon: pruning the main branches and the branches influencing fruit branches before landing in typhoon.

Further, after planting, pest control is carried out, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cypermethrin and bifenthrin are selected to be sprayed on the whole trunk, and termite-proof agent treatment is carried out once a year.

The invention also comprises a eucalyptus seed garden cultivated according to the method.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is characterized in that a eucalyptus corresponding variety is adopted as a stock for grafting, the height, crown and tree form of the tree are controlled by pruning, a medicament is applied to dwarfed grafted seedlings, a trunk is bound with a windproof pipe in an embedding mode, and a special dwarfed eucalyptus seed garden is cultured by comprehensively applying various measures of the biological, cultivation and physical means. The special dwarfing eucalyptus seed garden can enable eucalyptus seedlings in the garden to bloom and fruit in advance, is convenient for observation of flowering season, pollen collection, pollination, fruit harvesting and other work, reduces the cost of breeding for tall plants of eucalyptus, reduces the risk of high-altitude operation, avoids the damage of typhoon to the eucalyptus seed garden, and greatly improves the efficiency and convenience of eucalyptus breeding work.

Detailed Description

For a more detailed description of the present invention, the following description will be given by taking the method for dwarfing and divaricate saposhnikovia root cultivation in the eucalyptus urophylla orchard as an example, and those skilled in the art can implement the technical solution of the present invention without creative efforts based on the following description.

The eucalyptus urophylla is high and tall in tree shape, is an ideal economic forest and water and soil conservation tree species, and is selected to carry out a eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing windproof cultivation test:

1) grafting

A. Stock cultivation: semi-annual eucalyptus urophylla seedlings without diseases and insect pests are selected as rootstocks. The specific process is as follows: sowing eucalyptus urophylla seeds in 11-12 months of each year, transplanting the eucalyptus urophylla seedlings into a light matrix section after 1 month later, wherein the length of the light matrix section is 10CM, the diameter is 3.8CM, and the proportion of the light matrix is rice husk: peat: 5 parts of coconut chaff: 3: 2. transplanting the plantlets into 23 x 18 plastic seedling raising bags when the plantlets are transplanted to survive and grow stably and are about 5-10CM long, wherein the proportion of seedling raising substrates is yellow core soil: coarse peat is 6: 4, after the nursery stock grows stably, 0.3% compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15: 15) is applied twice, the height of the nursery stock is about 30cm, the trunk is robust, the nursery stock can be used for grafting, and water and fertilizer control is performed in the week before grafting, so that semi-lignification of the trunk is facilitated;

B. grafting the scion to the stock: selecting branches of excellent eucalyptus (fast growing, straight-through and bloomed) close to the top ends of trees in a family test, wrapping the branches with wet newspaper, grafting the branches with a shady shed, selecting a part which is semi-lignified and has no axillary bud below the top end of the branch from a scion, leaving no terminal bud, preferably keeping 2-3 nodes in length, keeping about 1cm of leaves (not including the length of a leaf stalk), and grafting the branches to corresponding eucalyptus varieties by adopting a branch splitting grafting method;

C. and (3) management after grafting: after grafting, the scion is sprayed with water by a spraying pot, covered with a plastic bag, the lower part of the scion is tied and moisturized, a mark is made, the scion is placed under a shadow net, the buds on the stock are removed in time, the plastic bag is untied when the buds on the scion grow to about 1cm, and after the untie, the scion leaves and the new buds are kept moist until the scion leaves and the new buds grow stably.

(2) Planting

A. Land selection: selecting land blocks with good irrigation and drainage and loose and fertile soil, and having no eucalyptus forest and tall trees around.

B. The preparation of field planting, the row spacing of the plants is 4m × 5m, the hole specification is that the length is ×, the width is ×, the height is 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, the base fertilizer is 0.5 kg/hole of phosphate fertilizer, 0.25 kg/hole of compound fertilizer is added, a small amount of carbofuran is scattered in the hole to prevent insects, and the soil is returned.

C. Planting: the grafted eucalyptus seedlings grow to about 80cm, are transplanted into the ground when growing vigorously, are inserted with windproof wooden sticks, are sprinkled with sufficient root fixing water until the seedlings survive, and are removed at regular time from the buds of the rootstock below the scions.

(3) Management of pesticide fertilizer

After eucalyptus grafted seedlings are planted for half a year, pesticide and fertilizer treatment is carried out, the edge of the crown of each tree is dug, 0.2g of × ground diameter (CM) of paclobutrazol (15% powder) is applied, 0.5KG × ground diameter (CM) of Holland compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15: 15: 15) is added, soil covering is carried out, the dwarfing medicament and fertilizer management is carried out after fruits are harvested every year, the ground diameter is the base diameter, and the diameter of the joint of the plants and the soil is injected.

(4) Pruning and wind proofing

A. Trimming:

a. pruning before planting: newly-germinated buds of eucalyptus grafted are vigorous and long, leaves are wide and big, first pruning is carried out when leaves are wilted, top buds and a part of lateral branches are pruned, and only two nodes are left in each branch.

b. Pruning after planting: after field planting, trimming top and side branches when the grafted eucalyptus seedlings grow to 2 meters, culturing and developing tree forms, and trimming the overgrown branches and a large number of fasciculate branches in time by the aid of the newly-germinated buds after trimming.

c. Trimming after harvesting: pruning the top branches which grow vigorously and the useless low-drooping branches after harvesting fruits every year.

d. Trimming before blowing the typhoon: pruning main branches and branches influencing fruit branches before typhoon landing.

B. The hole-digging specification of the wind-proof pile is × in length, × in width and 30CM × 30 in height, × 50 in CM, 1 inch steel pipe (2.5 m in length) in specification is buried by cement mortar, the buried depth is about 0.5 m, and the trunk, branches and steel pipe of eucalyptus are tightly bound by a rubber binding belt with 2CM in width before typhoon landing.

(5) Pest control

After planting, termite-proof agent treatment is carried out once every year, and agents such as chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin and the like are sprayed on the whole trunk.

The above examples were tested in the Zhanjiang city of Guangdong province in 5 mu scale starting in 2014, and the height of the mother tree in the planted eucalyptus seedbed was controlled to be 2.5-4 m, and the diameter of the crown was 2.0 m. By adopting the method, the seedling only needs 1.5 to 2 years from transplanting to flowering, so that the flowering and fruiting are at least 2 years earlier than those of a seed garden constructed by seedlings, the breeding period is shortened by half, and the breeding efficiency is improved by more than 1 time. The eucalyptus seed garden blooms and fruits in advance, and provides convenience for breeding workers to carry out various research works.

Claims

1. A method for dwarfing a eucalyptus seed garden and cultivating divaricate saposhnikovia roots comprises the following steps:

(2) planting: transplanting the eucalyptus grafted seedlings to a planting garden when the height of the eucalyptus grafted seedlings reaches about 80cm, and pouring enough root fixing water until the eucalyptus grafted seedlings survive; regularly erasing the buds germinated from the stock part below the scion;

(3) the management of pesticide and fertilizer, namely, after eucalyptus grafted seedlings are planted for half a year and harvested every year, carrying out dwarfing treatment by paclobutrazol, wherein the treatment dosage is 0.2g/cm × ground diameter of 15% powder, the unit of the ground diameter is cm, and meanwhile, topdressing is carried out once according to 0.5 kg/plant by using compound fertilizer;

(4) trimming: the pruning comprises pruning before planting, pruning after planting, pruning before harvesting fruits, pruning after harvesting fruits and pruning before typhoon;

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the method for culturing the rootstock comprises the following steps: sowing eucalyptus seeds in 11-12 months of each year, transplanting seedlings into a light matrix section after 1 month of the seedlings grow two pairs of true leaves, wherein the length of the light matrix section is 10cm, the diameter of the light matrix section is 3.8cm, and the proportion of the light matrix is rice husks: peat: 5 parts of coconut chaff: 3: 2; transplanting the seedlings to a seedling raising bag with the length of 23 x 18cm after the seedlings survive and grow stably to the length of 5-10cm, wherein the proportion of a seedling raising substrate is yellow core soil: coarse peat is 6: 4, applying 0.3% compound fertilizer twice after the nursery stock is stable in growth, wherein the height of the nursery stock is about 30cm, the trunk is robust, the nursery stock can be used for grafting, and water and fertilizer are controlled in one week before grafting, so that semi-lignification of the trunk is facilitated;

the treatment of the radix sileris after planting is as follows: burying cement mortar into a steel pipe with the specification of 1 inch and the length of 2.5 meters, wherein the burying depth is about 0.5 meter, and tightly binding the eucalyptus trunk and the steel pipe by using a rubber binding band before typhoon landing.

2. The method for dwarfing eucalyptus seed orchard and cultivating divaricate saposhnikovia root according to claim 1, wherein the grafting scion is a part which is semi-lignified and has no axillary bud germination below the top end of a eucalyptus branch, does not leave a terminal bud, is preferably 2-3 knots in length, and leaves are left about 1 cm; and (3) after grafting, the scion is sprayed with water by a spraying pot, sleeved with a plastic bag, tied at the lower part for moisture preservation, marked, placed under a shade net, the buds on the stock are removed in time, the plastic bag is untied when the buds on the scion grow to about 1cm, and the scion leaves and the new buds are kept moist until the scion leaves and the new buds grow stably after the plastic bag is untied.

3. The method for dwarfing and windproof cultivation in a eucalyptus seed orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for preparing the planting garden comprises selecting a plot with good irrigation and loose and fertile soil, preparing planting holes according to the planting distance of 4m × 5m, the hole length of ×, width of × and height of 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, 0.5 kg/hole of phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, 0.25 kg/hole of compound fertilizer, spreading a small amount of carbofuran in the holes to prevent insects, and returning soil.

4. The method for dwarfing eucalyptus seed orchard and cultivating divaricates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is N: p: k ratio 15: 15: 15 of Dutch compound fertilizer.

5. The method for dwarfing and Saposhnikovia divaricata cultivation of Eucalyptus seedbeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning is performed to maintain the height of Eucalyptus within 2-3m and the diameter of crown within 2m, and the developed but not windy tree form is cultivated as follows:

6. The method for dwarfing and divaricate saposhnikovia root cultivation in eucalyptus seed orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that pest control is carried out after field planting, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, cypermethrin and bifenthrin are selected to be sprayed on the whole trunk, and termite-proof agent treatment is carried out once a year.