CN108739327B - Seed production method of capsicum annuum nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line - Google Patents
Seed production method of capsicum annuum nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed production method of a hot pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line, which adopts a method for cultivating large seedlings for transplanting in a flowering phase and comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling culture nutrient medium; supplementing fertilizer in the seedling stage; supplementing fertilizer in the bud seedling stage of the terminal flower; identifying sterile plants in the large seedling stage, and removing fertile lines; the sterile plant is used for mooring seedlings; increasing the application of base fertilizer of the seed production field; managing after planting; and (5) cross pollination. The invention utilizes the method of plug organic substrate seedling and supplementary fertilization in seedling stage to cultivate the old seedling, the flower of the first node is opened in seedling stage, the sterile line can be accurately identified, the fertile line is removed, and the screened sterile line female parent is directly planted in the seed production field; the fertile plants in the dual-purpose line are removed through flower shape recognition in the seedling stage, so that the labor cost is saved, the land utilization rate and the seed production yield of the pepper are improved, and the loss of the seeds of the parent dual-purpose line is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable seed production, and particularly relates to a seed production method of a hot pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line.
Background
In the pepper seed production process, the male sterile line is aborted, so that a great deal of labor of manual emasculation is saved, and the utilization of the sterile line is the most effective way for pepper seed production so far. The filial generation of the invisible nuclear male sterile line and any inbred line can normally fruit and is favored by breeders, but the fertility of the invisible nuclear male sterile line and any inbred line at the flowering stage shows that the plant number ratio of male fertile plants and male sterile plants accords with the statistical 1:1 fertility separation rule, namely, the fertile plants and the sterile plants respectively account for 50 percent, only 50 percent of the sterile plants can be used for preparing first-generation hybrid seeds, and the rest 50 percent of fertile plants must be pulled out. At present, in the seed production process, the removal is often carried out after the sprouting pepper flowers are continuously opened after field planting, so that the waste of land resources and artificial resources is caused, and the distribution density of the plants in the field is unreasonable due to the random distribution of the sterile plants in the field, so that the growth vigor of the plants in the field and the seed production yield are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a seed production method of a hot pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line, which adopts a method of cultivating and transplanting large seedlings in a flowering phase, utilizes a plug organic matrix to grow seedlings, eliminates male fertile plants in the flowering phase of the large seedlings, accurately identifies sterile plants, fixedly plants the screened sterile plants in the field, saves labor cost, provides land utilization rate, ensures reasonable field distribution density of hot peppers, improves the seed production yield of the hot peppers, simultaneously prevents seeds of the dual-purpose line from losing, and protects the variety intellectual property of breeders.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a seed production method of a hot pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing seedling culture nutrient soil: preparing seedling raising matrix by using turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 4:2:1, adding 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.8kg of potassium sulfate type 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer into each cubic seedling raising matrix, uniformly stirring, sprinkling water to keep the matrix soil in a wet semi-loose state, covering with a plastic film for 2-3 days, and then loading into a tray after the film is removed.
(2) Fertilizer supplement at the seedling stage: spraying water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1500 times on leaf surfaces 15 days before the flower buds are topped, wherein the content percentage of total nitrogen N, available phosphorus P and available potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 20%, 10% and 20%, and spraying for 1 time and 2 times continuously in 6-7 days.
(3) And (3) top flower bud seedling stage supplementary fertilization: after the flower buds are topped, foliage spraying water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1000 times, wherein the weight percentage of total nitrogen N, available phosphorus P and available potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 16%, 4% and 16%, simultaneously, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied with plant trace elements (the weight percentage of each trace element is 0.10% of iron, 0.15% of manganese, 0.05% of zinc, 0.02% of copper and 0.02% of boron), and the water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time in 6-7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 times.
(4) Identifying sterile plants in the large seedling stage, and removing fertile lines: after the first flower normally blooms, a method combining visual inspection and microscopic inspection is adopted, the shape and color of the pollen are visually inspected plant by plant, plants with abortive stamens and flower columns obviously longer than the stamens are selected and placed independently, and bloomed flowers and large flower buds are removed.
(5) And (3) sterile plant mooring seedling: the stem is thick and strong, the first female flower is completely opened, the stamen is aborted, the flower column is obviously longer than the stamen, the root system is developed, the leaf color is dark green, and no diseases or insect pests exist.
(6) And (3) increasing the application of the base fertilizer of the seed production field: land preparation and base fertilizer application are combined, wherein each 667m of base fertilizer is23000kg of organic fertilizer subjected to harmless treatment, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 100kg of calcium superphosphate and 25kg of urea are applied.
(7) Managing after planting: after the sterile plants are planted and slow-rooted, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1000 times when new leaves germinate, wherein the content percentage of total nitrogen N, available phosphorus P and available potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 15%, 10% and 30%, spraying for 1 time in 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.
(8) And (3) cross pollination: collecting large buds to be opened in the 2 nd day at 17: 00-18: 00 of 1d before pollination; or picking the early blossoming flowers in the morning of pollination; drying for several hours, opening anther, placing in a glass with a cover, shaking thoroughly, shaking out pollen, removing impurities, and placing pollen in a glass tube; 7: 00-10: 00 or 15: 00-18: 00; the collected pollen of the male parent is evenly smeared on the stigmas of the female parent of the sterile plant.
Before the step (1), the following steps are also included:
seedling culture time: building a small arched shed and covering a straw mat geothermal wire hole tray sowing dual-purpose system target in a protected land from 11 late months to 12 early months in a Jianghuai river basin; the sowing time of the parents should be adjusted according to the flower-season meeting principle.
Preparation of parents: the prepared seeds of the female parent male sterile dual-purpose line HW16702AB and the male parent line HP15-8801 are selected and aired in the sun for 24 hours.
Accelerating germination: soaking seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 30-40 min, cooling the water to normal temperature, and soaking for 3-4 h; or soaking seeds in 1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 30min, washing the surface of the seeds with clear water, continuously soaking for 3-4 h, wrapping with wet gauze, and placing in a constant temperature box or a greenhouse at 28-30 ℃ for germination; when 50% of seeds bud, picking out the seeds with exposed buds in batches for sowing.
Between the step (1) and the step (2), the following sequence steps are further included:
preparing a seedbed: the seedbed surface is flat, the geothermy wires are well laid, a 32-hole black plastic hole tray is selected, nutrient soil is filled in the hole tray, holes are made by a small stick with the thickness of fingers, the hole depth is 1cm, and the seedbed is ready for sowing.
Sowing: selecting seeds with bud mouths, and finally sowing the seeds which do not germinate; sowing 1 seed in each hole, filling the sowing hole with nutrient soil or slightly higher after sowing, then placing hole trays on the seedbed regularly, watering under the trays after the seedbed is full, covering mulching films for preserving heat and moisture till all covering materials are soaked, then building small arched sheds, covering the mulching films and preparing the straw mat.
Temperature management, wherein the night temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ before seedling emergence, the day temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the temperature is properly reduced after seedling emergence, the night temperature is kept at 15-18 ℃, the day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 12-15 ℃ for one week before field planting, and the day temperature is kept at 25 ℃.
Water management, namely, watering is not needed before seeding until seedling emergence, and water is sprayed when the surface of the substrate is whitish, wherein the water spraying amount is determined by the substrate spraying penetration degree; and stopping watering 5 days before planting.
The step (3) further comprises the following steps: when the seedling emergence reaches 70%, the mulching film can be uncovered, the seedling emergence is exposed to more light, the grass mat is uncovered early and the cover is uncovered late in sunny days, and the grass mat is uncovered for 2 to 3 hours even in rainy and snowy days; when the height of the seedling is 15-20 cm and 7-9 true leaves are planted.
Before the step (6), the method further comprises the following steps: selecting a field block which is sufficient in illumination and convenient to irrigate and has no solanaceae crops planted for 3 years as a planting field; the land preparation is that the ridge back width is 70cm, the ridge groove width is 50cm, the ridge height is 20cm, a micro-spray pipe is paved or drip irrigation is carried out, and a mulching film is covered.
After the step (6), the method further comprises the following steps: planting density: each 667m2Planting 3000-4000 plants, 2 rows per ridge and plant spacing of 30cm, respectively planting the parents in a centralized way, wherein the plant number ratio of the parents is 1: 4; and (5) selecting regular and consistent seedlings for double-row planting.
After the step (7), the method further comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied in time according to the growth vigor of plants, and 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate can be sprayed on the foliage in combination with the pesticide spraying.
Compared with the prior art: (1) the invention provides a seed production technology of a male sterile dual-purpose line, and provides a method for cultivating and transplanting big seedlings with flowers, so that a sterile line can be accurately identified in a seedling stage. The method has the following remarkable effects: sterile plants are identified through flower morphology in the seedling stage, fertile plants in the dual-purpose line are removed, only the sterile plants are planted, labor cost is saved, and land utilization rate is improved. (2) The quantity of the female parents of the sterile line in the seed production field is ensured, the female parents of the sterile plant are uniformly and reasonably distributed in the field, and the seed production yield of the pepper is improved. (3) The loss of the dual-purpose line seeds is prevented, and the intellectual property of the breeder is protected. The method is mature, stable and reliable, and the wide popularization of the method can greatly improve the utilization value and the seed production efficiency of the male sterile dual-purpose line and further promote the development of hybrid pepper varieties in China.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention by combining with the seed production technology of Wan pepper 22 pepper variety.
The pepper hybrid variety aimed at in the following embodiments is Wan pepper 22, and the Wan pepper 22 is a thick spicy first-generation hybrid dry and fresh dual-purpose pepper bred by using a male sterile dual-purpose line at the gardening research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Anhui province. The variety is early-maturing, strong in resistance and resistant to low temperature and weak light; the fruits are in a goat horn shape, the green fruits are green, the aged and mature fruits are deep red, the spicy taste is strong, and the commodity rate is high; the yield of the fresh pepper is 37500-45000 kg/hm2. The variety is suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn.
Example 1: 'Wan pepper 22' parent seedling culture
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
1. time of raising seedlings
A small arched shed is built in a protective land from 11 late months to 12 early months in the river basin, and a dual-purpose system target for sowing by covering a straw mat, a geothermal wire and a plug is built. The sowing time of the male parent line is about 10 days ahead of time according to the flower-season meeting principle, and the seedling raising and cultivation management methods of other male parent lines are the same as the conventional methods.
2 preparation of the parents
The prepared seeds of the female parent male sterile dual-purpose line HW16702AB and the male parent line HP15-8801 are selected and aired in the sun for 24 hours.
Note: the sowing time of the male parent line is based on the principle of flower-season encounter, and other seedling and cultivation management methods are the same as the conventional method, and the technical scheme of the invention is not repeated.
3. Accelerating germination
Soaking seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 30-40 min, cooling the water to normal temperature, and soaking for 3-4 h; or soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30min, washing the surface of the seeds with clear water, soaking for 3-4 h, wrapping with wet gauze, and germinating in a thermostat or a greenhouse at 28-30 deg.C. When 50% of seeds bud, picking out the seeds with exposed buds in batches for sowing.
4. Preparation before sowing
(1) Preparation of nutrient soil
Preparing seedling raising matrix by using turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a ratio of 4:2:1, adding 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.8kg of potassium sulfate type 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer into each cubic seedling raising matrix, sealing for 2-3 days by using a plastic film, and then opening the film and loading the film in a tray.
(2) Seedbed preparation
The seedbed surface is flat, the geothermy wires are well laid, a 32-hole black plastic hole tray is selected, nutrient soil is filled in the hole tray, holes are made by a small stick with the thickness of fingers, the hole depth is 1cm, and the seedbed is ready for sowing.
5. Seeding
Selecting seeds with bud mouths, and finally sowing the seeds which do not germinate. Sowing 1 seed in each hole, filling the sowing hole with nutrient soil or slightly higher after sowing, then placing hole trays on the seedbed regularly, after the seedbed is full, watering thoroughly, covering with mulching film, preserving heat and preserving soil moisture, then building up small arched sheds, covering with mulching film, and preparing grass mat.
6. Post-seeding management
(1) Temperature management:
before seedling emergence, the night temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃, the day temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, after seedling emergence, the temperature is properly reduced, the night temperature is kept at 15-18 ℃, the day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 12-15 ℃ for one week before field planting, and the day temperature is kept at about 25 ℃.
(2) Water content management:
the water is not needed before the seedling emergence, when the surface of the substrate is white and lacks water, the water is sprayed, and the water spraying amount is equal to the spraying penetration degree of the substrate.
(3) Fertilizer supplement at the seedling stage:
15 days before the bud is formed at the seedling stage, fertilizer is supplemented at the seedling stage: spraying water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1500 times on leaf surfaces 15 days before the flower buds are topped, wherein the content percentage of total nitrogen N, available phosphorus P and available potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 20%, 10% and 20%, and spraying for 1 time and 2 times continuously in 6-7 days.
(4) And (4) other management:
when the seedling emergence reaches about 70%, the mulching film can be uncovered, the straw mat can see light as much as possible after seedling emergence, and the late cover can be uncovered in the early stage in sunny days.
7. Management of seedling stage
(1) Definition of seedling stage
After the first flower shows large flower buds, the management enters the large seedling stage
(2) And (3) water and fertilizer management in a large seedling stage:
in the seedling stage, water regulation and control are enhanced, coordinated growth of the root, stem and leaf of the seedling is promoted, the water adopts the principle of 'see dry see wet', watering is performed thoroughly, the plug substrate is completely soaked, and watering is controlled properly to promote root rooting. After the flower buds are topped, foliage spraying water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1000 times, wherein the content percentage of total nitrogen N, available phosphorus P and available potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 16%, 4% and 16%, simultaneously, plant microelement water-soluble fertilizer (the content percentage of each microelement is 0.10% of ferrum, 0.15% of manganese, 0.05% of zinc, 0.02% of copper and 0.02% of boron) is applied in a matched manner, and the water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time in 6-7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2 times.
8. Sterile plant screening
(1) Identifying sterile plants in the large seedling stage, and removing fertile lines:
after the first flower of the female parent male sterile dual-purpose line HW16702AB normally blooms, a method combining visual inspection and microscopic examination is adopted, the shape and the color of pollen are visually inspected plant by plant, the male sterile line HW16702A of the female parent of the plant with the stamen abortion and the style obviously longer than the stamen is selected according to the consistency of the size, the flower color and the pollen amount of the flower, and the flower is independently placed to remove the developed flower and the large flower bud for preparing field planting.
(2) Sterile line staying seedling standard:
the stem is thick and strong, the first female flower is completely opened, the stamen is aborted, the flower column is obviously longer than the stamen, the root system is developed, the leaf color is dark green, and no diseases or insect pests exist.
Example 2 management of seed production field with Anhui pepper 22
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation before planting
(1) Selecting field blocks:
a field block which is sufficient in illumination, convenient to irrigate and not planted with solanaceae crops for 3 years is selected as a planting field and is strictly isolated.
(2) Fertilizing and soil preparation:
land preparation and base fertilizer application are combined, wherein each 667m of base fertilizer is23000kg of organic fertilizer subjected to harmless treatment, 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 100kg of calcium superphosphate, 25kg of urea, 70cm of ridge back width, 50cm of ridge groove width and 20cm of ridge height are applied, and a micro-spray pipe or drip irrigation is laid to cover a mulching film.
2. Density and method of colonization
(1) Planting density:
sterile line HW16702A per 667m24000 plants are planted in a field, 2 rows are arranged in each ridge, the plant spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing of male parents is 30cm, the male parents and the female parents are respectively planted in a centralized mode, the plant number ratio of the male parents and the female parents is 1: 4, and 1000 plants are planted in a matched mode through HP 15-8801.
(2) The planting method comprises the following steps:
and (4) selecting regular and consistent seedlings for double-row planting, wherein the planting depth is about 1cm of cotyledon on soil.
3. Management of field
(1) And (3) topdressing management:
after the sterile plants are planted and slow-rooted, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1000 times on the leaf surfaces after new leaves germinate, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer contains 15 percent of total nitrogen N, 10 percent of available phosphorus P and 30 percent of available potassium K in percentage by weight respectively, spraying for 1 time in 7 days, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times. And (3) timely topdressing according to the growth vigor of plants in the later period, and spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate on the foliage in combination with pesticide spraying.
(2) Water content management:
water is controlled or watered less at the seedling stage, the field is kept moist but waterlogging is avoided during the flowering and fruit setting, and the accumulated water in the field is drained immediately after rain.
(3) Pruning and forking:
in the seed production process, excessive branches on the plant, particularly ineffective branches below the first flower are removed. Removing the old leaves and the diseased leaves at the base. And in the later stage of seed production, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, yellow leaves and residual leaves at the lower part of the plant, reserving effective leaves at the middle upper part of the plant, and well cleaning the field.
4. Hybrid seed production
(1) Removing impurities of parent seeds:
before pollination, carefully identifying a male parent and a female parent, completely removing all mixed plants with different plant types and leaf types, removing the plants with obvious variation in leaf color and fruit color in the seed production process in time, and ensuring the purity of parent plants.
(2) Collecting pollen of the male parent:
collecting large buds to be opened in the 2 nd day at 17: 00-18: 00 of 1d before pollination; or picking the early blossoming flower in the morning of pollination. After drying for several hours, the anthers are opened, placed in a glass with a cover, shaken thoroughly, shaken out, impurities removed, and pollen is filled in a glass tube.
(3) Artificial pollination
The appropriate time is 7: 00-10: 00 or 15: 00-18: 00. the collected pollen of the male parent is uniformly smeared on the stigma of the female parent of the sterile plant, and the stigma is prevented from being damaged by collision.
5. Pest control
The main diseases comprise damping-off disease, epidemic disease, virus disease, anthracnose, gray mold, bacterial wilt and the like. The insect pests are mainly whitefly and aphid. According to the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive prevention', the prevention principle of 'agricultural prevention, physical prevention and biological prevention are main and chemical prevention are auxiliary' is adhered to.
6. Seed collection
(1) Harvesting at the right time
And (4) harvesting the fruits after the fruits are fully red and ripe.
(2) Seed taking
And (4) placing the collected fruits in a cool and dry place, paying attention to ventilation, after-ripening for 4-5 d, softening the peel and taking out the seeds.
Compared with the conventional male sterile dual-purpose line pepper seed production method:
the conventional male sterile dual-purpose line pepper seed production method is adopted, the seeding ratio of male and female parents is generally 1: 8, as the female parent contains half of fertile plants, the planting proportion of the male parent and the female parent is improved by 1 time, and a large amount of land for seed production is occupied; after the female parent seedlings are planted in the seed production field, about 50% of fertile plants need to be pulled out, so that the labor cost is increased; sterile plants and fertile plants flow into the breeding field at the same time, so that the risk of parent loss is increased, and the protection of intellectual property rights of varieties is not facilitated.
Compared with the seed production method of the male sterile dual-purpose line pepper, the method of the invention has the advantages of lower seed production cost, obviously increased seed production yield and ensured purity of the hybrid F1.
Attached: the conventional male sterile dual-purpose line pepper seed production method comprises the following steps:
1 parent sowing time and sowing quantity
The sowing time of the male parent and the female parent is adjusted to ensure that the male parent (a self-bred line) is in the full-bloom stage when the female parent (a male sterile dual-purpose line) blooms, and the sowing ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 8.
2. preparation before sowing
(1) Preparing nutrient soil
And (3) smashing the garden soil which is not planted with solanaceous fruits within two years, uniformly mixing the smashed garden soil with sieved decomposed farmyard manure according to the ratio of 4:1, adding 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer with 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and 50g of carbendazim wettable powder into each cubic of mixed soil, uniformly stirring, covering with a plastic film for 2-3 days, and taking out the film to be packaged.
(2) Preparing a seedbed
Leveling the surface of the seedbed, laying geotherm wires, selecting a black plastic hole tray with 50 holes or 72 holes, loading nutrient soil into the hole tray, making holes with a small stick with the thickness of fingers, wherein the depth of the holes is 1 cm-1.5 cm, and preparing for sowing.
3. Seeding
Accelerating germination and sowing, sowing 1 seed in each hole, filling the sowing holes with nutrient soil or slightly higher after sowing, then neatly stacking hole trays on a seedbed, watering under the trays after the seedbed is full, covering with a mulching film for heat preservation and soil moisture preservation until all covering materials are soaked, then building a small arched shed, covering with the mulching film, and preparing a straw mat.
4. Post-seeding management
(1) Temperature management:
before seedling emergence, the night temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃, the day temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, after seedling emergence, the temperature is properly reduced, the night temperature is kept at 15-18 ℃, the day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 12-15 ℃ for one week before field planting, and the day temperature is kept at about 25 ℃.
(2) Water content management:
watering is not needed before seeding until emergence of seedlings, and water is sprayed when the surface of the substrate is whitish, wherein the water spraying amount is determined by the degree of thorough spraying of the substrate. And stopping watering 5 days before field planting so as to facilitate the nutrient lumps to be taken out easily during field planting without damaging roots and hardening seedlings.
(3) And (4) other management:
the mulching film can be uncovered when the seedling emergence reaches about 70 percent, the straw mat can be exposed to light as much as possible after the seedling emergence, the night cover is uncovered in the early days in sunny days, and the straw mat is uncovered for 2 to 3 hours even in rainy (snowy) days, so that the seedling flashing in the sunny days after the rain is passed is avoided. When the height of the seedling is 15-20 cm and 7-9 true leaves are planted.
5. Preparation before planting
Land preparation and base fertilizer application are combined, wherein each 667m of base fertilizer is23000kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 100kg of calcium superphosphate, 70cm of ridge back width, 50cm of ridge groove width, 20cm of ridge height and drill flat ridge back are applied, and a micro-spray pipe or drip irrigation is laid on the ridge back to cover a mulching film.
6. Planting
The female parent is selected to be planted with two seedlings in double rows and double plants in regular and consistent mode according to the plant spacing of 30cm, and the planting depth is about 1cm of the buried soil lump. The male parent is planted in one end or one side of the female parent in a concentrated way, the plant distance is 25cm, and the single plant is planted in a single hole.
7. Identification of sterile plants and removal of fertile plants
The fertile plants and the sterile plants are identified according to the characteristics of the male sterile dual-purpose line of the pepper, the flower buds on the fertile plants are large and full, the anthers are large, the filaments are long, the pollen quantity is large, the flower buds of the sterile plants are obviously smaller than those of the fertile plants and thin, the anthers are dry and flat, no pollen exists, the filaments are extremely short, and the stigma is protruded.
And (5) opening the zanthoxylum bungeanum flowers about 20 days after planting. Picking off large buds to be opened every 8-11 am, observing anthers and stigma, if the anthers are shrunken, the stigma is protruded, namely a sterile plant, and marking the rope end of the line; on the contrary, if the anther grows plump and the stigma is not protruded, the anther is the fertile plant and is removed immediately, and the anther is only broken at the position close to the ground. After 3-5 days, 95% of sterile plants can be identified, and the rest of the non-flowering seedlings are completely pulled out.
8. Pollination is carried out
Before pollination, the fruited fruits and bloomed flowers on the sterile plants are all knocked off, and the unified pollination is started the next day.
Picking the male parent flowers of the hybrid seeds which are about to bloom in the afternoon of the day before pollination, stripping off anthers, filling the anthers into a clean paper bag, putting the paper bag into a small jar or other closed container filled with quicklime, and sealing the opening of the container. After about 10 hours, the paper bags are patted in the morning the next day, pollen is collected, sieved and then put into a pollination tube for standby, and pollination is carried out by a pollination device at 8-11 am. To increase yield, pollination was repeated 1 time the following day.
9. Seed collection
Picking after pollination fruits are red and ripe, removing the insect pests, and uniformly taking seeds and airing.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A seed production method of a hot pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing seedling culture nutrient soil: preparing seedling raising matrix by using turf, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 4:2:1, adding 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.8kg of potassium sulfate type 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer into each cubic seedling raising matrix, uniformly stirring, sprinkling water to keep the matrix soil in a wet and semi-loose state, covering with a plastic film for 2-3 days, and then loading into a tray after the film is removed;
(2) fertilizer supplement at the seedling stage: spraying water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces 15 days before flower buds are topped, wherein the dilution multiple is 1500 times, the content percentage of total nitrogen N, quick-acting phosphorus P and effective potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 20%, 10% and 20%, and spraying is carried out for 1 time and 2 times continuously in 6-7 days;
(3) and (3) top flower bud seedling stage supplementary fertilization: after the flower buds are topped, spraying water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, wherein the dilution multiple is 1000 times, the content percentage of total nitrogen N, quick-acting phosphorus P and effective potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer is 16%, 4% and 16%, and simultaneously, applying plant trace element water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the content percentage of each trace element is 0.10% of iron, 0.15% of manganese, 0.05% of zinc, 0.02% of copper and 0.02% of boron, and spraying for 1 time in 6-7 days and continuously spraying for 2 times;
(4) identifying sterile plants in the large seedling stage, and removing fertile lines: after the first flower normally blooms, visually observing the shape and color of pollen one by one, selecting plants with abortive stamens and flower columns obviously longer than the stamens, placing the plants separately, and removing bloomed flowers and large flower buds;
(5) and (3) sterile plant mooring seedling: the stems are thick and strong, the first female flowers are completely opened, stamens are aborted, flower columns are obviously longer than the stamens, the root system is developed, the leaf color is dark green, and no diseases or insect pests exist;
(6) and (3) increasing the application of the base fertilizer of the seed production field: land preparation and base fertilizer application are combined, wherein each 667m of base fertilizer is23000kg of organic fertilizer subjected to harmless treatment, 50kg of potassium sulfate type ternary compound fertilizer, 100kg of calcium superphosphate and 25kg of urea are applied;
(7) managing after planting: after the sterile plants are planted and slow-rooted, spraying water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 1000 times on the leaf surfaces after new leaves germinate, wherein the content percentages of total nitrogen N, available phosphorus P and available potassium K in the water-soluble fertilizer are 15%, 10% and 30%, and the water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time in 7 days and is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times;
(8) and (3) cross pollination: collecting large buds to be opened in the 2 nd day at 17: 00-18: 00 of 1d before pollination; or picking the early blossoming flowers in the morning of pollination; drying for several hours, opening anther, placing in a glass with a cover, shaking thoroughly, shaking out pollen, removing impurities, and placing pollen in a glass tube; 7: 00-10: 00 or 15: 00-18: 00; the collected pollen of the male parent is evenly smeared on the stigmas of the female parent of the sterile plant.
2. The method for producing seeds of a pepper genic male sterile dual-purpose line as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the step (1), the method further comprises the following sequential steps:
seedling culture time: building a small arched shed and covering a straw mat geothermal wire hole tray sowing dual-purpose system target in a protected land from 11 late months to 12 early months in a Jianghuai river basin; sowing time of the male parent line is required according to the flowering synchronization principle;
preparation of parents: selecting prepared seeds of a female parent male sterile dual-purpose line HW16702AB and a male parent line HP15-8801, and airing the seeds for 24 hours in the sun;
accelerating germination: soaking seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for 30-40 min, cooling the water to normal temperature, and soaking for 3-4 h; or soaking seeds in 1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 30min, washing the surface of the seeds with clear water, continuously soaking for 3-4 h, wrapping with wet gauze, and placing in a constant temperature box or a greenhouse at 28-30 ℃ for germination; when 50% of seeds bud, picking out the seeds with exposed buds in batches for sowing.
3. The method for producing seeds of pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line as claimed in claim 1, wherein between the step (1) and the step (2), the following sequence steps are further included:
preparing a seedbed: the surface of the seedbed is flat, the ground heating wires are laid well, a black plastic hole tray with 32 holes is selected, nutrient soil is filled in the hole tray, holes are made, the depth of the holes is 1cm, and the seedbed is ready for sowing;
sowing: selecting seeds with bud mouths, and finally sowing the seeds which do not germinate; sowing 1 seed in each hole, filling the sowing holes with nutrient soil after sowing, then regularly placing hole trays on a seedbed, watering under the trays after the seedbed is full, covering with a mulching film for heat preservation and moisture preservation, then building a small arched shed, covering with the mulching film, and preparing a straw mat;
temperature management, wherein the night temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ before seedling emergence, the day temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the temperature is properly reduced after seedling emergence, the night temperature is kept at 15-18 ℃, the day temperature is kept at 25-28 ℃, the night temperature is kept at 12-15 ℃ for one week before field planting, and the day temperature is kept at 25 ℃;
and (4) water management, wherein watering is not required before seeding until seedling emergence, and water is sprayed when the surface of the substrate is whitish, wherein the water spraying amount is equal to the substrate spraying penetration degree.
4. The method for producing seeds of a pepper genic male sterile dual-purpose line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) further comprises the steps of:
when the seedling emergence reaches 70%, the mulching film can be uncovered, the seedling emergence is exposed to more light, the grass mat is uncovered early and the cover is uncovered late in sunny days, and the grass mat is uncovered for 2 to 3 hours even in rainy and snowy days; when the height of the seedling is 15-20 cm, the seedling can be planted after being confirmed to be a sterile plant.
5. The method for producing seeds of pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, before the step (6), the method further comprises the following steps:
selecting field blocks: selecting a field block which is sufficient in illumination and convenient to irrigate and has no solanaceae crops planted for 3 years as a planting field; the land preparation is that the ridge back width is 70cm, the ridge groove width is 50cm, the ridge height is 20cm, and a drip irrigation belt is laid and covered with a mulching film.
6. The method for producing seeds of pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, after the step (6), the method further comprises the following steps:
planting density: each 667m2Planting 3000-4000 plants, 2 rows in each ridge, and respectively planting parents in a centralized way, wherein the plant number ratio of the parents is 1: 4; and selecting regular and consistent seedlings for double-row planting according to the plant spacing of 30cm between the parent and the female parent for planting.
7. The method for producing seeds of pepper nuclear male sterile dual-purpose line as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, after the step (7), the method further comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied in time according to the growth vigor of plants, and 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate can be sprayed on the foliage in combination with the pesticide spraying.
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| CN1555685A (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2004-12-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding of cabbage type rape micropowder-free cytoplasmic male sterile line and hybrid seed production method |
| CN1613296A (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2005-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for selecting and removing sterilic hybrid rapes by genetic marks in seedling period |
| CN1653884A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-08-17 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for culturing sweet pepper cenospecies by genic male sterility dual purpose lines |
| CN103993011A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-08-20 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Molecular marker of sesame dominant genic male sterility gene and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105557492A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-11 | 沃华农业科技（江苏）股份有限公司 | Industrialized seedling culture method for Chinese onions |
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| CN1555685A (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2004-12-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding of cabbage type rape micropowder-free cytoplasmic male sterile line and hybrid seed production method |
| CN1613296A (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2005-05-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for selecting and removing sterilic hybrid rapes by genetic marks in seedling period |
| CN1653884A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-08-17 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for culturing sweet pepper cenospecies by genic male sterility dual purpose lines |
| CN103993011A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-08-20 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Molecular marker of sesame dominant genic male sterility gene and preparation method and application thereof |
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Inventor after: Jiang Haikun Inventor after: Jia Li Inventor after: Wang Pengcheng Inventor after: Dong Yanxiang Inventor after: Wang Yan Inventor after: Yan Congsheng Inventor after: Tian Hongmei Inventor after: Zhang Qian Inventor after: Fang Ling Inventor before: Jiang Haikun Inventor before: Jia Li Inventor before: Wang Pengcheng Inventor before: Dong Yanxiang Inventor before: Wang Yan Inventor before: Yan Congsheng Inventor before: Tian Hongmei Inventor before: Zhang Qian |