CN114431132B - Method for interplanting oil sunflower in watermelon seed production - Google Patents
Method for interplanting oil sunflower in watermelon seed production Download PDFInfo
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- CN114431132B CN114431132B CN202210046572.8A CN202210046572A CN114431132B CN 114431132 B CN114431132 B CN 114431132B CN 202210046572 A CN202210046572 A CN 202210046572A CN 114431132 B CN114431132 B CN 114431132B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing seeds of watermelons and interplanting oil sunflowers, which comprises the following steps: 1) Selecting and pretreating a planting land; 2) Selecting watermelon seed production parents, and sowing the watermelon seed production parents in a planting field; 3) Cultivating and managing a planting field for sowing the watermelon seed production parents in the step 2); 4) Carrying out hybrid pollination on watermelon flowers in a planting field; 5) After the cross pollination of the watermelons is finished, sowing oil sunflower in the planting field; 6) Performing field management on the oil sunflower in the planting field and the pollinated watermelon; 7) And (4) harvesting watermelon seeds and oil sunflower. In the invention, oil sunflower is interplanted during watermelon seed production, and watermelons and oil sunflower are alternated in height to form a very useful composite population, so that not only the farmland space ground is utilized, but also the vertical space is utilized, the planar light utilization of single planting is changed into the three-dimensional light utilization, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, and the photo-thermal resource is fully utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for producing watermelon seeds and interplanting oil sunflower.
Background
Interplanting is a method for planting different crops on the same land according to a certain row spacing or planting spacing and the width proportion of occupied land. The method can fully utilize space and resources, adjust field structure, and carry out layering and time-sharing utilization on sunlight so as to improve the utilization efficiency of light energy and further improve the yield per unit area.
At present, only one crop is simply produced in a plurality of seed production bases, for example, only watermelons are produced in a watermelons seed production base, and with the increase of labor cost, the utilization rate of space and resources is low and the benefit of simply producing one crop is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing seeds of watermelons and interplanting oil sunflower, which can at least solve part of defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing seeds of watermelons and interplanting oil sunflower comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting and pretreating a planting land;
2) Selecting watermelon seed production parents, and sowing the watermelon seed production parents in a planting field;
3) Cultivating and managing the planting field of the watermelon seed production parent sowed in the step 2);
4) Carrying out hybrid pollination on watermelon flowers in a planting field;
5) After the cross pollination of the watermelons is finished, sowing oil sunflower in the planting field;
6) Performing field management on the oil sunflower in the planting field and the pollinated watermelon;
7) And (4) harvesting watermelon seeds and oil sunflower.
Specifically, the selection and pretreatment process of the planting field in the step 1) is as follows: selecting a sandy soil land or a slightly viscous land which is free of diseases and insects, has no melon vegetables planted for more than 3 years and has loose and fertile soil as a planting land; ploughing the planting field deeply by more than 0.28m, simultaneously opening the melon ditches, wherein the distance between the melon ditches is 2.6m, and applying base fertilizer to the planting field.
Specifically, the watermelon seed production parents in the step 2) have the following selection requirements: the purity of the female parent is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the purity of the male parent is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the germination rates of the male parent and the female parent are more than or equal to 95 percent, and the ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1.
Specifically, the seeding process of the watermelon seed production parents in the step 2) is as follows: the female parent is sowed in early four months by single-double-seed hole sowing, the row spacing is 1.30 multiplied by 0.12m, the sowing density is 3500 row/667 m 2 (ii) a The male parent is sowed in the middle ten days of April by double-grain hole sowing, and the planting distance is 0.4-0.5 m.
Specifically, the cultivation management in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
watering 5-7 times in the whole growth period of watermelon seed production, and dressing 10-15 kg/667m of urea in the vine throwing period 2 Additionally applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer outside the roots in the fruit expansion period;
pruning the female parent with single vine, and cutting for several times to eliminate all lateral vines and all male buds until the melon is seated;
the pest and disease control is carried out on the whole growth process of watermelon seed production.
Specifically, the cross pollination in the step 4) comprises the following processes:
male parent decontamination: checking the purity of the male parent before pollination, and removing the hybrid plant;
castration of female parent and cap covering: removing male flowers and male flower buds of the female parent plant one day before pollination, and covering the female flower buds of the female parent plant which are bloomed the next day with a paper cap;
collecting the male parent flowers: picking male parent male flower buds which bloom next day in afternoon one day before pollination, putting the flowers into a parchment bag, sealing the bag or putting the flowers into a straw hat, covering the straw hat with double-layer wet cloth, storing the flowers in a 30 ℃ thermostat or a kitchen range which is warm and not hot to the hands of farmers, and supplying the flowers with pollen in the morning the next day; or the male parent male flowers are picked in the morning of the pollination day, and the pollen can be supplied after the male parent male flowers loosen;
pollination: taking off the paper cap sleeved on the female parent female flower bud in the previous day, slightly and uniformly smearing the stamens of the picked male parent flower on the female parent female flower stigmas, and immediately sleeving the paper cap; after pollination and capping, marking the pollinated melon.
Specifically, in the step 5), the sowing process of the oil sunflowers comprises the following steps: after pollination of watermelons, sowing oil sunflower seeds at 2/3 positions of a watermelon furrow, wherein hole sowing is adopted for the oil sunflower seeds, the hole distance is 20cm, 1-2 oil sunflower seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing density of the oil sunflower seeds is 400g/667m 2 。
Specifically, the field management in the step 6) comprises the following processes:
watering 1 time 3-4 days before pollination of watermelon, and applying urea 10kg/667m 2 After pollination, selecting and reserving proper fruit setting number according to variety characteristics, thoroughly removing natural melons or mixed melons without pollination marks, and removing diseased plants, inferior plants and all male parents;
1-2 pairs of oil sunflower seedlings are timely thinned and fixed when the true leaves are planted, the water is watered to plant the watermelons, and the oil sunflowers are separately watered for 1 time after the harvested water melons are planted; applying 10-15 kg/667m of urea before and after the bud stage 2 And performing furrow application or hole application at a depth of 15cm and 10cm from the root neck of the oil sunflower(ii) a Spraying urea solution with mass concentration of 0.2% on the leaf surfaces in the flowering period and the grouting period, and timely removing a few branches and 8 old leaves at the lower part after flowering.
Specifically, the harvesting in the step 7) comprises the following processes:
after the pollinated watermelon is ripe, picking ripe seed melons, cutting the ripe seed melons and picking seeds, cleaning and airing the harvested seeds, and eliminating the seeds which do not meet the requirements;
the oil sunflower can be harvested when 4-5 leaves and stems on the upper part of the plant and the back of a flower disc turn yellow and seeds become hard, and the oil sunflower is spread on a drying yard immediately after being harvested, dried in the sun and raised to be clean, so that the oil sunflower is prevented from mildewing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The watermelon seed production and oil sunflower interplanting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the branching of watermelons is strong, more lateral tendrils grow in a creeping manner, the area of single plant nutrients is large, the plant row spacing is wide, the growth period is short, the oil sunflower belongs to high-stem crops, the growth in the seedling period is slow, the watermelon in the later growth period is shaded and small, and a very useful composite group is formed at intervals of different heights, so that not only the space and the ground of a farmland are utilized, but also the vertical space is utilized, the planar light utilization of single planting is changed into the three-dimensional light utilization, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, and the photo-thermal resource is fully utilized.
(2) The method for producing the seeds of the watermelons and interplanting the oil sunflower fully utilizes the growth season, and the oil sunflower is planted in the growth period of the watermelons, so that the growth season is prolonged, the oil sunflower quickly enters the vigorous growth period after the watermelon seeds are harvested, single-cropping planting is changed into two-cropping planting, and the soil utilization rate is improved.
(3) The method for producing the seeds of the watermelons and interplanting the oil sunflowers fully utilizes the land capability, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, applies more organic fertilizer due to deep ploughing in the previous year of planting the watermelons, has sufficient soil nutrients and high organic fertilizer content, the watermelons and the oil sunflowers belong to crops with different root systems, and after the watermelons are harvested, the oil sunflowers can fully utilize the residual nutrients in different soil layers, so that the loss of the nutrients and the fertilizer is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a method for producing seeds of watermelons and interplanting oil sunflower, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selection and pretreatment of planting field
Specifically, the planting field is preferably selected from sand loam or light clay which is free of diseases and insects, has no melon vegetables planted for more than 3 years, is loose and fertile in soil, requires sufficient sunlight, is high in terrain, is convenient to irrigate and drain, and is not suitable for being selected as the planting field in a land with the isolation condition of 500-1000 m, a saline-alkali land and a land with a high underground water level.
The planting land is required to be flat, the deep plough is more than 0.28m, the light clay sweet potato ditch is opened in autumn and spring, the soil freeze thawing is facilitated, the sowing zone is loose, the sandy soil can be opened in spring, and the ditch distance is 2.6m; every 667m in beginning of spring 2 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied in a nest, and 1000-2000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied in a conditional basal way.
(2) Selecting watermelon seed production parents and sowing the watermelon seed production parents in a planting field
The parent for hybrid seed production has reliable source requirement, guaranteed purity and no quarantine object, and generally requires that the purity of the female parent is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the purity of the male parent is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the germination rates of the male parent and the female parent are more than or equal to 95 percent, and the characteristic characteristics of the parent are known in advance so as to reasonably arrange the sowing periods of the male parent and the female parent and ensure that the flowering periods of the male parent and the female parent meet each other.
Because the proportion of male parents to female parents is different due to different combinations, the proportion of the male parents to the female parents is 1.
Before sowing, selecting parent seeds, removing impurities and shrunken seeds to ensure uniform and strong seedlings and facilitate centralized pollination; during sowing, the female parent is sown in the early four months, single-double-seed hole sowing is adopted, the plant spacing is 1.30 multiplied by 0.12m, and the sowing density is 35 of seedling protection00 strain/667 m 2 (ii) a Meanwhile, the female parent is cultivated by adopting a mulching film, a seed hole is drilled at a position 10cm away from the melon ditch, the hole opening is small, the film at the hole opening is completely torn, the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, and soil is covered after sowing. The male parent is sowed in the middle ten days of April, the male parent has strong growth potential due to less plant number, double-grain hole sowing is adopted, and the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 m.
(3) Cultivation management of planting land for sowing watermelon seed production parents
a. And (3) water and fertilizer management: watering 5-7 times in the whole growth period of watermelon seed production, namely water before sowing, sowing water, vine throwing water, fruit swelling water, water in the later growth period and the like. In order to save water, the water before sowing and the sowing can be combined into one water when the terrain is normal, the film can be paved while watering, the film with the width of 1.6m can be used for paving the whole ditch, the film with the width of 0.7m can be used for paving the sowing seeds, and the soil moisture can be preserved for sowing within 2-5 days after the film is paved. Tendril-throwing water is generally carried out 3-7 days before pollination, the fertilizer water quantity is large at the moment, the water and fertilizer supply is ensured, and irrigation is combined at the moment, wherein the irrigation is carried out every 667m 2 Applying 10-15 kg of urea. During fruit expansion period, extra-root topdressing is preferably selected, through research, fruits are most prone to crack after pollination for 20 days, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the fruits as little as possible or are not applied, and excessive temperature and humidity are also required to be avoided. The growth conditions of the melons in the days, the places and the melons in the days of irrigation are determined, the melons are irrigated in the morning and at the evening in hot weather after sitting, the irrigation quality is strictly required, the irrigation is not required to be refilled, flooded and flooded, and accumulated water is timely removed after irrigation so as to avoid the occurrence of diseases; the 1 st irrigation can not exceed the position of the sowing belt, the later irrigation can not exceed the 2/3 of the ditch depth, and the irrigation in the mature period of the fruit is only suitable for irrigating to the 1/2 of the ditch depth.
b. Plant management: and (3) carrying out multiple twigs to remove all lateral tendrils and all male buds of the female parent by adopting a single-vine pruning method until the melon is seated. Pollination is carried out when flowers are seen generally, but for varieties with strong growth vigor such as Xinong No. 8, the 2 nd to 3 rd female flowers are better kept for setting the melons according to fruit setting habits, and topping is carried out at 5 to 6 sections after pollination of the melons; in order to save more labor and obtain high yield, the 2 nd and 3 rd female flowers can be fertilized for all varieties, concentrated one-time pruning is carried out 2-5 days before the 2 nd and 3 rd female flowers are opened, all lateral vines and female flowers (buds) at low nodes are removed, and male flowers on each vine of a female parent plant are completely picked up in the bud period until the pollination is finished and the melon is seated; pressing the vines after the selected female flower leaf nodes are remained, if the melon vines are longer, rotating the overlong vines into one end and then pulling back the overlong vines while pruning, and requiring pollinated melons to be on one line; after pollination, when the melons grow to the size of eggs, topping the main heads of the melons and vines so as to leave sidewalks; furthermore, when pruning is carried out, the vines are pressed by soil blocks, so that the phenomenon that pollination and melon setting are influenced by blowing over the vines of the melons is prevented.
c. And (3) pest control: for diseases, the 500-time liquid of phosphorus aluminum manganese zinc with the mass concentration of 70 percent, the 500-time liquid of metalaxyl manganese zinc with the mass concentration of 58 percent or the 500-time liquid of thiram with the mass concentration of 50 percent is used for preventing and treating the diseases before and after raining or the roots are irrigated with the liquid for the first time, so that the phytophthora root can be prevented and treated; for blight, prevention such as crop rotation and stubble ploughing is mainly required, and once the disease is hard to control; timely removing individual plants, digging and burying, and filling the plants with lime emulsion to disinfect; for powdery mildew, 500 times liquid of 20 percent of triadimefon or 1000 times liquid of 70 percent of thiophanate methyl or tefuraline and other medicaments are used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, and the front and back surfaces of the leaves are uniformly sprayed. For insect pests, the main point of aphid control is the source of overwintering, and the emergence period of the aphid control is controlled by 1000 times of dimethoate emulsifiable solution with the mass concentration of 50 percent, 600 times of dichlorvos liquid with the mass concentration of 80 percent or kungfu and other medicaments; the underground pests are mainly cutworms and wireworms, and are placed in seed holes by mixing carbofuran with pesticide soil or trapped and killed by poison baits such as trichlorfon and the like before sowing.
(4) Performing hybrid pollination on watermelon flowers in a planting field
a. Male parent impurity removal: before pollen-pollination, the plant shape and its features such as melon shape and skin color are identified, the purity of male parent is checked, and the plants are removed in time when they meet the impurities.
b. Castration and cap covering of female parent: the watermelon is generally used for hybrid seed production and is a parthenocarpic flower, but the parthenocarpic flower is a parthenocarpic flower and needs emasculation. Emasculation is generally carried out 4 pm the day before pollination, male petals which are opened on the last day of a female parent plant are torn off, three anthers on the stigma are carefully removed by using tweezers and the like, and a paper cap is sleeved on the anthers; inserting the tweezers into a small bottle filled with an alcohol cotton ball for cleaning for 1 time every 1 time to prevent the tweezers from carrying pollen; the female bud which needs to be opened next day is covered with paper cap on the female parent plant which does not need emasculation, thus not only ensuring the purity, but also properly prolonging the pollination time.
c. Collecting male parent flowers: one method comprises collecting male parent male buds in the afternoon the day before pollination, placing into parchment paper bag, sealing or placing into straw hat, covering with double-layer wet cloth, storing in 30 deg.C incubator or kitchen with surplus temperature of farmhouse without scalding hands, and supplying pollen in the morning of 2 days; the other method is to pick male parent male flowers before 7 am of pollination day and supply pollen after the male flowers are loosened. Preferably, the two methods are simultaneously adopted, male parent male buds harvested in the previous day are used in the morning of 6: 30-8: 00, and male parent male flowers harvested in the morning of the day are used in the later 8: 00, so that sufficient male flower pollen supply can be ensured from the beginning of pollination to the end of pollination. If the temperature is higher and the pollination time is longer in the same day, part of the male flowers collected early can be placed in the deeper dug ditch so as to prevent the male flowers from pollen scattering early and affecting pollination.
d. Pollination: watermelon belongs to strict semiJapanese flowers, generally, after 4 hours of flowering, stigma begins to secrete mucus, male flowers are scattered to the full, the germination rate of pollen is greatly reduced, and therefore pollination is finished within 4 hours after the flowering, otherwise, even if pollination is carried out, the fruit setting rate is low, the fertilization is poor and other consequences are easily caused, and the seed yield and the germination rate are reduced. The pollination time is proper at the morning of 6: 30-9: 00 in sunny days, and is not later than 10: 00 at the latest; if the female parent carries a paper cap in the afternoon of the day, the pollination time can be postponed to about 11: 00 the next day; in cloudy or cloudy days, proper delay can be achieved, preferably at the ratio of 7: 00-10: 00, and in rainy days, due to high air humidity, the pollen yield of anthers is low, the germination rate of pollen is also low, and pollination is not generally carried out, but all female flowers which bloom in the same day need to be removed.
When pollinating, taking off the paper cap sleeved on the female parent female flower bud one day before, taking out the male parent male flower picked, holding the male flower stem with the right hand, peeling off or tearing off the flower crown, slightly clamping the female flower receptacle with the index finger and the thumb of the left hand, slightly and uniformly smearing the stamen on the female parent female flower stigmas (only uniform yellow pollen is seen by naked eyes), then immediately sleeving the paper cap, and striking an obvious hybridization mark in front of the melon by using a pin or colored plastics, threads and the like without touching the female flower ovary with the hand, otherwise, easily melting the melon. 3-4 female flowers can be pollinated by 1 male flower, 1 melon can be hybridized by each watermelon plant, 2-3 melons are needed to be pollinated by individual difficult-to-sit melons, and fruits can sit normally after the fruits are shiny and grow obviously after pollination for 3 days.
Furthermore, in order to ensure that the number of seeds of a single melon is enough and the pollination is complete, pollen is uniformly smeared on three chapiters of an ovary to prevent a certain crack from being stuck with pollen or having less pollen, so that part of ovules in the melon are not fertilized, the seeds cannot develop to generate flat and other malformed fruits, and the fruits cannot expand continuously and fall off in severe cases, thereby reducing the seed yield.
(5) After the cross pollination of the watermelons is finished, the oil sunflower is sown in the planting field
After pollination of watermelons is finished (generally before No. 15 in late 6 months to No. 7 months), sowing oil sunflower seeds at 2/3 positions of a watermelon furrow, wherein the oil sunflower seeds are sowed in holes with the hole distance of 20cm, 1-2 oil sunflower seeds are sowed in each hole, and the sowing density of the oil sunflower seeds is 400g/667m 2 . Wherein, the oil sunflower is generally selected from 518, 567, 658 and other short and big head types.
(6) Performing field management on the oil sunflower and the pollinated watermelon in the planting field
Watering 1 time 3-4 days before pollination of watermelon, and applying urea 10kg/667m 2 After pollination, selecting and reserving proper fruit setting number according to variety characteristics, thoroughly removing natural melons or mixed melons without pollination marks, removing diseased plants, inferior plants and the like, and removing all male parents.
1-2 oil sunflower seedlings are thinned and fixed in time when true leaves are planted, water is watered along with the watermelon seeds, weather forecast is paid attention, watering is not needed before changing days, and the oil sunflower is separately watered for 1 time after the watermelon seeds are harvested (generally about 15-20 days in 8 months); applying 10-15 kg/667m of urea before and after the bud stage of the oil sunflower 2 And furrow application or hole application is carried out at a position 15cm and 10cm deep from the root neck of the oil sunflower; spraying urea solution with mass concentration of 0.2% on leaf surfaces of the oil sunflower in a flowering period and a grouting period, and timely removing a few branches and 8 old leaves at the lower part after flowering so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce disease sources.
(7) Harvesting watermelon seeds and oil sunflower
When picking mature seed melons, according to the development period of fruits, after pollination, early mature seeds are harvested after 30-32 days of maturation, middle mature seeds are harvested after 35-40 days of harvest, and late mature seeds are harvested after 40-45 days of harvest; after the mature seed melons are picked, the mature seed melons are cut open, harvested, cleaned and aired. Cutting and picking seeds in clean places, using no iron ware in utensils and appliances, selecting a stainless steel knife to cut the seeds, wherein the fermentation time of the seeds which need to be fermented and cleaned can not exceed 24 hours so as to avoid affecting the germination rate, the seeds in fermentation can not be poured or splashed into water, otherwise, the seeds can be germinated, and the seedless melons need to be picked and washed in the morning and in the afternoon and aired; the seeds which are washed and sunk are dried on clean cloth sheets, mats, gunny bags and other objects after being controlled by water, the places are ventilated, the thickness of the places is not more than 2cm, the seeds need to be frequently turned, and the seeds can not be piled too thickly when being put up at night. The air-dried seeds are selected by using a dustpan, a windmill, a sieve and other tools to remove shriveled seeds, earth and stone grains or small grains, then deformed seeds, miscellaneous grains and mould seeds are manually picked out, then the seeds are sampled, bagged, labeled, marked with variety codes, producer names and weights, and finally the seeds can be put in storage.
The oil sunflower can be harvested when 4-5 leaves and stems on the upper part of the plant and the back of a flower disc turn yellow and seeds become hard, the harvesting is not too early or too late, and the water content is high too early; after harvesting, the cotton seeds are immediately spread on a drying yard, dried in the sun and cleaned to prevent mildew.
Three test fields are selected and respectively used for single watermelon seed production, single oil sunflower planting and watermelon seed production and oil sunflower interplanting, the three test fields are in the same test environment, the single watermelon seed production process is consistent with the watermelon seed production process in the watermelon seed production and the oil sunflower interplanting, the single oil sunflower planting process is consistent with the oil sunflower planting process in the watermelon seed production and the oil sunflower interplanting, and the three test fields have the following benefits: the yield per mu of the single watermelon seed production is 5000 yuan, the yield per mu of the single oil sunflower seed production is 2200 yuan, and the yield per mu of the watermelon seed production and the interplanted oil sunflower seed production is 6500 yuan.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The method for producing the seeds of the watermelons and interplanting the oil sunflowers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Selecting and pretreating a planting land;
the selection and pretreatment process of the planting land is as follows: selecting a sandy soil land or a slightly sticky land which is free from diseases and insects, has no melon vegetables planted for more than 3 years and has loose and fertile soil quality as a planting land; deeply ploughing the planting field by more than 0.28m, simultaneously opening melon ditches, wherein the distance between the melon ditches is 2.6m, and applying a base fertilizer to the planting field;
2) Selecting watermelon seed production parents, and sowing the watermelon seed production parents in a planting field;
the seeding process of the watermelon seed production parents is as follows: the female parent is sowed in early four months by single-double-seed hole sowing, the row spacing is 1.30 multiplied by 0.12m, the sowing density is 3500 row/667 m 2 (ii) a The male parent is sowed in the middle ten days of April by double-grain hole sowing, and the planting distance is 0.4-0.5;
3) The cultivation management of the planting field for sowing the watermelon seed production parents in the step 2) comprises the following steps:
watering 5-7 times in the whole growth period of watermelon seed production, and dressing 10-15 kg/667m of urea in the vine throwing period 2 Additionally applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer outside the roots in the fruit expansion period;
pruning the female parent with single vine, and cutting for several times to eliminate all lateral vines and all male buds until the melon is seated;
pest control is carried out on the whole growth process of watermelon seed production;
4) Carrying out hybrid pollination on watermelon flowers in a planting field, wherein the hybrid pollination comprises the following processes:
male parent decontamination: checking the purity of the male parent before pollination, and removing the hybrid plant;
castration of female parent and cap covering: removing male flowers and male flower buds of the female parent plant one day before pollination, and covering the female flower buds of the female parent plant which are bloomed the next day with a paper cap;
collecting the male parent flowers: collecting male parent male buds in the afternoon the next day before pollination, placing into parchment paper bags, sealing, or placing into straw hat, covering with double-layer wet cloth, storing in 30 deg.C incubator or kitchen range with warm left in farmhouse, and supplying pollen in the morning the next day; or the male parent male flowers are picked in the morning of the pollination day, and the pollen can be supplied after the male parent male flowers loosen;
pollination: taking off the paper cap sleeved on the female parent female flower bud in the previous day, slightly and uniformly smearing the stamens of the picked male parent flower on the female parent female flower stigmas, and immediately sleeving the paper cap; after pollination and capping, marking the pollinated melons;
5) After the cross pollination of the watermelons is finished, sowing oil sunflower in the planting field;
the sowing process of the oil sunflower comprises the following steps: after pollination of watermelons, sowing oil sunflower seeds at 2/3 positions of a watermelon furrow, wherein hole sowing is adopted for the oil sunflower seeds, the hole distance is 20cm, 1-2 oil sunflower seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing density of the oil sunflower seeds is 400g/667m 2 ；
6) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out field management on oil sunflowers in a planting field and pollinated watermelons, wherein the field management comprises the following steps:
watering 1 time 3-4 days before pollination of watermelon, and applying urea 10kg/667m 2 After pollination, selecting and reserving proper fruit setting number according to variety characteristics, thoroughly removing natural melons or mixed melons without pollination marks, and removing diseased plants, inferior plants and all male parents;
1-2 pairs of oil sunflower seedlings are timely thinned and fixed when the true leaves are planted, the water is watered to plant the watermelons, and the oil sunflowers are separately watered for 1 time after the harvested water melons are planted; applying 10-15 kg/667m of urea before and after the bud stage 2 And furrow application or hole application is carried out at a position 15cm and 10cm deep from the root neck of the oil sunflower; spraying urea solution with mass concentration of 0.2% on leaf surfaces in the flowering period and the grouting period, and timely removing a small amount of branches and 8 old leaves at the lower part after flowering;
7) And (4) harvesting watermelon seeds and oil sunflower.
2. The method for producing seeds of watermelons and interplanting oil sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection requirements of the parents for producing seeds of watermelons in the step 2) are as follows: the purity of the female parent is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, the purity of the male parent is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the germination rates of the male parent and the female parent are more than or equal to 95 percent, and the ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1.
3. The method for producing seeds of watermelons and interplanting oil sunflower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting in step 7) comprises the following steps:
after the pollinated watermelon is ripe, picking ripe seed melons, cutting the ripe seed melons and picking seeds, cleaning and airing the harvested seeds, and eliminating the seeds which do not meet the requirements;
the oil sunflower can be harvested when 4-5 leaves and stems on the upper part of the plant and the back of a flower disc turn yellow and seeds become hard, and the oil sunflower is spread on a drying yard to be dried and raised to be clean after being harvested so as to prevent mildew.
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