CN110476637B - Method for rapidly cultivating parent strain of Chinese fir seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cultivating a parent strain of a Chinese fir seed, which comprises the following steps: cultivating rootstocks; selecting scions; grafting: cutting a stem at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground of the stock after scion is cut, grafting the scion with the grafting caliber being more than 3cm, grafting the scion by a medullary heart cambium butt-joint method, and leaving a lateral branch close to the ground of the stock or a stock sprout as a nutrition branch; and (5) managing and cultivating the stock plant from the 1 st year to the 2 nd year. The grafting survival rate of the method for cultivating the parent strain of the Chinese fir seed is more than 95 percent; the grafted stock plant grows fast and is easy to be plastic, and the tree body is dwarfed into an open heart shape; the height of the tree body and the flowering and fruiting part can be controlled to be below 2.2m, the quantity of the male and female flowers is obviously improved, the male and female flowers are distributed evenly, the distribution positions of the male and female flowers are low, artificial supplementary pollination is easy, the seed production potential of a mother plant is fully exerted, and the production level is reached; the seed-picking efficiency can be improved by more than 1 time, and the method lays an important foundation for the early-bearing high-yield and stable-yield of the seed orchard.

Description

Method for rapidly cultivating parent strain of Chinese fir seed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for quickly cultivating a parent strain of a Chinese fir producing seed.

Background

Cunninghamia lancelata (Lamb.) Hook is a evergreen conifer species of Cunninghamia of the Cuxodiaceae family, and is one of the most important commercial tree species in China. At present, the seeds for culturing the seedlings of the Chinese fir are mainly from a seed garden, and the important part for constructing and managing the seed garden is the cultivation of a mother plant. The conventional method related to the parent plant cultivation of the China fir seedyard is described in the local standard 'technical rules for China fir seedyard construction' (DB 44/T1533-2015) of Guangdong province, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, taking grafting as a main part, collecting scions from the middle upper part of a crown of a superior tree or a scion picking tree, preferably 1 year-old top scions, carrying out grafting along with picking, storing the scions which are not used up in the same day in a low-temperature place, and keeping moisture, ventilating, preventing pressure and preventing high temperature in long-distance transportation, wherein the scions are not used up in the same day and are not suitable for more than 10 days; secondly, the stock used for grafting is cultivated by high-quality seeds suitable for local growth, 1-3 year-old seedlings which are strong in growth and developed in root systems are preferably selected, the thickness of the stock is slightly larger than that of a scion, the stock can be grafted after the stock is set in a seed garden, or the stock is grafted and planted in a nursery garden, and the stock is planted from the end of winter to the last 4 months of the next year and planted in the shade after rain; and thirdly, grafting by adopting a medullary cambium butt joint method, wherein the grafting can be performed in spring grafting and autumn grafting, the grafting is protected by binding a plastic film belt from bottom to top, bud eyes are slightly exposed, ventilation and water accumulation prevention are facilitated, the autumn grafting needs to be bagged and insulated in time, the belt is loosened, the belt is untied, the stock sprouts are removed in time after the scion survives, and a support is arranged to protect the tips. On the basis, the method for cultivating the stock plant is also mentioned in some documents and published patents (including a method ZL201610281320.8 for promoting high and stable yield of a fir seed orchard and a method CN201810148502 for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of the stock tree in the fir seed orchard), but the documents and the patents mainly propose related operation methods in the aspects of grafting technology and pruning links, the successful cultivation and production of the stock plant needs more than 5 years, the period is long, and an effective technical method in the aspect of plant type control of the stock plant is lacked.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating a parent plant of a Chinese fir seed, the cultivation period of the parent plant of the Chinese fir seed is obviously shortened compared with that of the traditional method, the problems of long cultivation period, high cost and the like of the parent plant of the Chinese fir seed are effectively solved, and the early fruiting and high yield of the parent plant of the Chinese fir seed are realized.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a method for cultivating a parent strain of a Chinese fir seed comprises the following steps:

(1) rootstock cultivation, comprising: selecting stock seedlings, wherein the stock seedlings are 1-year-old seedling bare-rooted seedlings of improved varieties families of Chinese fir, are over 60cm high, have full lignification of trunks, have the ground diameter of over 1cm, have more than 4 branches, developed fibrous roots and no diseases; grafting as a stock after planting for 1 year, wherein the stock is as high as more than 1.5m and the ground diameter is more than 4 cm;

(2) scion selection comprising: cutting a scion, wherein the scion is a wheel-growing scion strip with a wheel-growing terminal bud, the physiological state is a dormant period, and the diameter of the scion is 0.8 cm-1.0 cm;

(3) grafting: cutting a stem at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground of the stock after scion is cut, grafting the scion with the grafting caliber being more than 3cm, grafting the scion by a medullary heart cambium butt-joint method, and leaving a lateral branch close to the ground of the stock or a stock sprout as a nutrition branch;

(4) the 1 st year stock management and cultivation comprises the following steps: after grafting for 4-5 months, when the scion slightly grows to be more than 30cm, immediately cutting the tip and controlling the height, and controlling the trunk length to be 20-25 cm after the tip is cut; fertilizing; pruning, height control and shaping; after 10-11 months of grafting, removing the ground-dragging branch of the stock plant and the stock sprout, then shoveling soil to cover the stock, compacting, wherein the soil pile is in a conical shape, and inhibiting the stock sprout from regenerating;

(5) and (3) mother plant management and cultivation in the 2 nd year: removing male flowers and female flowers of the mother plant at the early development stage in 1-2 months of the 2 nd year; weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing; pruning and shaping, keeping the whole plant transparent and ventilated, controlling the tree height below 1.8m, dwarfing the plant into an open-heart type, and shaping the tree body;

(6) and (3) managing stock plants in the 3 rd year, comprising the following steps: in spring of 3 rd year, keeping female flowers and male flowers of the dwarf-shaped mother plant, performing artificial supplementary pollination in the female flower pollination proper period, and fertilizing; pruning and shaping; and (4) setting seed to obtain the parent strain of the Chinese fir. The height of the tree body of the parent plant of the produced Chinese fir is controlled below 2.2m, and the tree body is kept to be dwarf in the form of a heart.

Preferably, in the step (1), when the rootstock seedlings are planted, planting holes are (56-63) cm x (47-52) cm, 0.45 kg-0.55 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied, the content of organic matters in the bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 60%, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 10%, the concentration of bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, and 0.21 kg-0.27 kg of compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and then is covered with surface soil.

Preferably, in the step (1), 0.13 kg-0.18 kg of urea is additionally applied to each plant after the stock seedlings are planted for 4-5 months.

The growth of the stock seedlings can be well promoted through the two times of optimized time and optimized amount of fertilizer, and the preparation is prepared for subsequent grafting.

Preferably, the scion is collected from the 1 year old scion at the middle upper layer of the scion stock plant, and the scion age effect is utilized, so that flowering and fruiting are improved.

Preferably, in the step (4), the fertilization is to apply 0.17 kg-0.22 kg of compound fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ditch application method and spray trace element foliar fertilizer.

Preferably, in step (4), the pruning, height control and shaping include: aligning crown grafting plants, reserving a first layer of branches close to the ground, controlling the growth potential of a second layer of branches, including top cutting, or thinning and removing excessive top branches on the cut of the branches, reserving only 1-2 crown-biased top branches at the cut of the second layer of branches, and thinning and removing excessive dense branches; and/or thinning excessive main branches of the grafted plant with partial crown and multiple main branches, only keeping 3-4 main branches, thinning excessive twigs, lateral branches and inner chamber branches, leveling the cut opening with the twigs when the main branches are cut off or the excessive top branches on the twigs are thinned, tightly adhering the cuts to the main branches when the lateral branches, the excessive twigs and the inner chamber branches are thinned, controlling the tree height to be below 80cm, distributing the upper and lower branches in a staggered manner, and transmitting light and wind integrally;

and (3) cutting off the central branches of the parent plants, and cutting off the lateral branches at medium and high strength (10-15 cm is cut off), so as to promote lateral buds to generate.

Preferably, in step (5) and/or (6), the pruning and shaping include: cutting off the top, or thinning off excessive top branches on the wheel branch cut, and thinning off excessive dense wheel branches; and/or thinning excessive main branches of the graft plant with partial crown and multiple main branches, only keeping 3-4 main branches, thinning excessive twigs, lateral branches and inner chamber branches, when the main branches are truncated or the excessive top branches on the twigs are thinned, the cut openings are flush with the twigs, when the lateral branches and the excessive twigs and the inner chamber branches are thinned, the cuts are tightly attached to the main branches, the upper and lower branches are distributed in a staggered manner, and the whole plant is transparent and ventilated; and carrying out medium-high strength truncation on the lateral branches (truncating 10-15 cm).

Preferably, in the step (5), 0.8 kg-1.2 kg of the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each plant by a ditch application method.

Preferably, in the step (6), the pollination time is 10: 00-12: 00 in the morning and 2: 00-4: 00 in the afternoon. The inventors found that most female flowers were open to the highest extent and pollinated easily at these two time periods. More preferably, the number of supplementary pollinations is at least 2 to increase the seed set and seed yield of the mother plant.

Preferably, in the step (6), 0.8 kg-1.2 kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 0.45 kg-0.55 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each plant by a ditch application method.

The method for cultivating the parent strain of the Chinese fir seed production provided by the invention selects a proper stock seedling for cultivation, 1

After years, a suitable stock can be obtained, the stock can be subjected to ultra-low grafting together with the selected scion with the physiological state being in the dormancy stage, so that the direct dwarfing of the tree body is realized, the advantages of wide diameter at the low position, fast water and nutrition supply and the like are fully utilized to meet the grafting requirement, and the grafting survival rate is more than 95%; the grafted stock plant grows fast and is easy to plasticity, the tree body is dwarfed into an open center type, the wind bending is not easy, the binding of a support rod is not needed, and the sprout of the stock is not needed to be removed in the following years after the sprout is removed and the soil is covered (the soil is piled into a cone shape) in the same year, so that the labor and the cost are saved; the height of the tree body and the flowering and fruiting part can be controlled to be below 2.2m, the quantity of the male and female flowers is obviously improved, the male and female flowers are distributed evenly, the distribution positions of the male and female flowers are low, artificial supplementary pollination is easy, the seed production potential of a mother plant is fully exerted, and the production level is reached; the seed-picking efficiency can be improved by more than 1 time, and the labor cost is reduced by 50%. The method for cultivating the parent strain of the fir producing seeds lays an important foundation for the early high and stable yield of the seed orchard.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a 1-year old rootstock that can be used for grafting.

FIG. 2 selection of superior scions.

FIG. 3 ultra-low grafting.

FIG. 4 shows the engrafting of 4 months of stock plants (months 5-6).

FIG. 5 shows that the grafted plant is cut after the tip is extracted for more than 30 cm.

FIG. 6 mother plants after 6 months of grafting.

Fig. 7 rootstock timely sprout removal.

FIG. 8 shows the tip breaking/pinching of the parent plant.

FIG. 9 thinning out excessive apical and recurrent branches of the mother plant.

FIG. 10 shows the stock plant (in "open heart type") after 10 months of grafting.

FIG. 11 shows the production of mother plants of non-plastic dwarfing control Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae.

FIG. 12 rootstock is covered with soil to inhibit germination (soil pile is cone-shaped).

FIG. 13 grafts the stock plant of spring 3 (stereotyped "open heart type").

FIG. 14 shows the production of mother plants of non-plastic dwarfing control Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae.

FIG. 15 shows the case of seed-producing stock plant of Japanese cedar in the 3 rd year of seed-producing setting of the dwarf stock plant.

FIG. 16 shows the case of breeding a production stock using a conventional method.

FIG. 17 shows the situation of producing stock plant of Cunninghamia lanceolata by conventional grafting method.

FIG. 18 shows the parent plant of Cunninghamia lanceolata when the crown-correcting plant is not truncated and dwarfed in time.

FIG. 19 shows the case where the coronarium has not cut off the parent strain of the over-shoot Cunninghamia lanceolata.

FIG. 20 shows the situation that the crown-like plant does not have the mother plant of the fir tree with excessive main branches, dense twigs, side branches and inner bore branches. FIG. 21 shows the generation of parent plant of non-flush crown-cut fir.

FIG. 22 shows the case of producing stock plant of truncated cedar.

FIG. 23 shows the situation of the parent plant of the fir seed after the female flower of the parent plant is not removed in the 2 nd year of grafting.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

The experimental methods in the following examples, which are not specified under specific conditions, are generally performed under conventional conditions. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

In one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for breeding a stock plant of a Cunninghamia lanceolata species, comprising the steps of,

(1) stock cultivation: selecting improved variety family seeds of the Chinese fir, which are examined by a variety examining and deciding mechanism above provincial level, for sowing and seedling raising, and culturing the nursery stocks in fertile soil such as paddy fields, preferably, 1125kg of compound fertilizer is applied per hectare as a base fertilizer, the number of nursery stocks per square is controlled to be about 40-45, so that the cultured nursery stocks have more fibrous roots and high proportion of strong seedlings; selecting 1 year-old seedling bare-rooted seedlings cultivated by the method as stocks, wherein the stocks are required to have sufficient lignification of main trunks, the height of the stocks is more than 60cm, the ground diameter is more than 1cm, more than 4 twigs, the fibrous roots are developed, and no diseases exist; the method comprises the following steps of (56-63) cm multiplied by (47-52) cm, more preferably 60cm multiplied by 50cm, applying a biological organic fertilizer (the organic matter content is more than or equal to 60%, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium content is more than or equal to 10%, the bacillus subtilis concentration is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) 0.50kg and 0.21 kg-0.27 kg of a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer, covering surface soil, planting in a cloudy day after 1-2 months of rain, enabling seedlings to be upright during planting, enabling the planting depth to be slightly deeper than the root neck position of each seedling by 3 cm-5 cm, filling and compacting soil around, covering soil slightly higher than the ground, and tightly covering soil above the ground; urea is fertilized in a way of 0.13 kg-0.18 kg per plant, more preferably 0.15kg per plant, in combination with tending for 6 months in the current year of planting, and the urea is nursed for 1 time in 10 months; according to the method, after the plants are planted for 1 year, the height of the seedlings can reach more than 1.5m, the ground diameter is more than 4cm, and the seedlings can be used as stocks for grafting;

(2) selecting scions: in 1-2 months, scions are cut from the middle-upper 1-year-old ear strips of the scion stock plants as scions (the blooming and fructification are improved by utilizing the scion age effect), the scions need to be wheel-grown ear strips and have terminal buds, the physiological state is a dormant period, the length of the scions is 10-15 cm, and the diameter is 0.8-1.0 cm.

(3) Grafting: the scion is cut and grafted immediately, the scion is grafted at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground by breaking a rod at the position of the stock (the height of the stock is reduced, a grafted plant is directly dwarfed, the advantage of the diameter width at the lower position is fully utilized to meet the grafting requirement, the year for cultivating the qualified stock is directly shortened), the grafting caliber is thicker than 3cm, the scion is grafted according to a medullary heart cambium butt joint method, and a side branch close to the ground of the stock or a stock bud is left as a nutrition branch.

(4) Mother plant management and cultivation in the 1 st year: when the scion is slightly lengthened to more than 30cm after 5-6 months, immediately cutting the tip and controlling the height, and controlling the trunk length to be 20-25 cm after the tip is cut; then, weeding and loosening soil in a range of 1m in plant planting holes, erasing rootstock sprouts, removing rootstock vegetative shoots, applying 0.2kg of compound fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ditch application method, and spraying trace element foliar fertilizer (which can be diluted by 800-1000 times); pruning, height control and shaping (firstly, aligning a crown grafting plant, keeping a first layer of branches close to the ground, controlling the growth potential of a second layer of branches, including top cutting, or removing excessive top branches on the cut of the branches, only keeping 1-2 crown-biased top branches at the cut of the second layer of branches, and removing excessive dense branches); on the basis, the central branch of the parent plant is cut off, and the lateral branch is cut off by medium-high strength (10-15 cm is cut off), so that lateral bud generation is promoted; weeding and loosening soil within 1m of a plant planting hole for 10 months, and removing sprouts of the stock; and in 12 months, the tree body is basically in a 'split core type', the ground-dragging branch of the parent plant and the stock sprout (strip) are removed, then soil is shoveled to cover the stock and is compacted, the soil pile is in a cone shape, and the regeneration of the stock sprout (strip) is inhibited.

(5) And (3) mother plant management and cultivation in the 2 nd year: in 1-2 months of the second year, removing male flowers and female flowers of the mother plants at the early development stage, cutting tops, thinning excessive main branches, excessive closed round branches and side branches, inner chamber branches and excessive top branches on round branches according to the method in the step (4), cutting tips and cutting short; weeding and loosening the soil according to the method in the step (4) in 6 months, applying 1.0kg of the biological organic fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ditch application method, and performing low-intensity pruning management (tip breaking, short cutting and the like); and (5) weeding and loosening the soil according to the method (4) for 10 months; and (4) carrying out low-intensity pruning management (mainly removing inner bore branches, negative branches and aged branches) according to the method in the step (4) for 12 months, keeping the whole plant transparent and ventilated, controlling the tree height to be below 1.8m, dwarfing the plant to be in an open-core shape, and shaping the tree body.

(6) Stock management in 3 rd and following years: in 3 rd year and spring of later year, keeping female flowers and male flowers of the dwarfing female plant, and performing artificial supplementary pollination at the pollination optimum period of the female flowers, wherein the pollination time is 10: 00-12: 00 in the morning and 2: 00-4: 00 in the afternoon, and the supplementary pollination times are at least 2 times so as to improve the seed setting rate and the seed yield of the female plant. In the 3 rd year of grafting, the stock plant begins to seed and put into production. Weeding and loosening soil according to the method in (4) every 6 months, applying 1.0kg of the biological organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of phosphate fertilizer to each plant by a ditch application method, carrying out low-strength pruning management (tip cutting, negative branch removing and the like) on fruiting branches, and carrying out medium-strength pruning management (top cutting, excessive main branches, excessive closed round branches and side branches, inner chamber branches, excessive top branches on the negative branches and round branches, tip cutting, short cutting and the like) on non-fruiting branches according to the method in (4); and (5) weeding and loosening the soil according to the method (4) for 10 months; and (4) pruning and managing after the cones are harvested for 11-12 months according to the method (4) (cutting tops, thinning off dense twigs and side branches, inner chamber branches, negative branches, aged branches and excessive top branches on the twigs), keeping the whole plant transparent and ventilated, controlling the height of the tree body to be below 2.2m, and keeping the dwarf tree body in an open heart type.

The existing parent plant of the cunninghamia lanceolata seed orchard for seed production has long cultivation period and high management cost. The conventional method is used for cultivating the production stock plant for more than 5 years, the top advantage of the tree body is obvious, the tree grows vigorously, the height of the tree is usually more than 6m, the auxiliary pollination is difficult, the fructification part is high, the seed collection difficulty is large, and the cost is high; in addition, the stock plant needs to be tied with the supporting rod to prevent wind deflection in the early cultivation period, and is tied and held in the later period, and the stock is conventionally sprout three times each year, which takes labor and cost. The method provided by the invention is adopted to cultivate the production stock plant for only 4 years (including the stages of stock fixing, grafting, cultivation and the like), and has obvious effects in plant type control, stock sprouting inhibition, equal distribution of male and female flowers and improvement of flower quantity, and the tree body forming, flowering and fructification time are obviously shortened.

The following examples are further illustrative, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The method for rapidly cultivating the parent plant of the Chinese fir seed is popularized and applied in a small-hole forest farm (called small-hole forest farm for short) in the region of the Yangtze river of Shaoguan city, and relates to 18 parent clone for cultivating 291 strains of the parent plant to be produced.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) year 2016, month 1, day 28: 1 year-old seedling bare-rooted seedlings cultivated by improved-variety family seeds in small-hole forest farms are selected as stock seedlings, trunks of the taken seedlings are fully lignified, the average height of the seedlings is 70.3cm, the average ground diameter is 1.33cm, more than 4 branches are formed, fibrous roots are developed, and no diseases exist. After seedling is started, proper root pruning and root pulp (ABT rooting powder is properly added) are carried out, the seedlings are planted in the China fir seed orchard construction site in the small lawn work area of the small-pit forest farm, the planting holes are 60cm multiplied by 50cm, 0.5kg of bio-organic fertilizer (purchased from Shijiazhuang Jintaiyang bio-organic fertilizer limited company, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 60 percent, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 10 percent, the concentration of bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g) and 0.25kg of compound fertilizer (Anhui six nations chemical industry limited company, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15-15-15) are taken as base fertilizer, and surface soil is. Planting in the shade after 1-2 months of rain, wherein the seedlings are dry and upright, the planting depth is slightly deeper than the root neck position of the seedlings by 3-5 cm, the periphery is filled with soil and compacted, the soil is slightly higher than the ground, and the soil is tight at the bottom and loose at the top.

(2) Year 2016, 6, month 7: the forest land tending comprises grass shoveling, passing, hole expanding, stump cultivation and the like, and 150g of urea is applied to each stock seedling.

(3)2016, 10, 11 days: the forest land tending comprises grass shoveling, passing, hole expanding, stump cultivation and the like.

(4) 1 month and 3 days 2017: the average height of the selected rootstocks is 1.6m, the average ground diameter is 4.1cm, the average diameter of the rootstocks at a position 10cm away from the ground is 3.9cm thick, and the rootstocks are planted along with the ground; referring to fig. 1, the rootstock provides an important role for the rapid cultivation of the stock plant;

referring to fig. 2, scion strips of parents for building the China fir breeding garden are cut from the small-pit forest farm, the scion strips are all from the 1-year-old scion strips at the middle upper layer of a mother tree, are grown in a rotation mode and are provided with belt-grown terminal buds, the physiological state is a dormancy stage, the scion strips are 12 cm-15 cm long and 0.8 cm-1.0 cm thick; grafting work was carried out immediately after ear picking, see fig. 3. Specifically, the scion is grafted at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground by breaking a rod of the stock, the scion is grafted according to a medullary cambium butt joint method, a lateral branch close to the ground of the stock or a stock sprout is reserved as a nutrition branch, heat preservation and moisture preservation are realized, and bagging treatment is also carried out on the scion.

(5) Year 2017, month 2, day 28: the cap bag on the scion is removed.

(6) Year 2017, month 5, day 17: referring to FIG. 4, the stock plants after 4 months were grafted. According to investigation, the grafting survival rate reaches 96%, the length of each grafted plant is more than 30cm, the height of each grafted plant is controlled by cutting the tip immediately, and the trunk length is controlled between 20cm and 25cm after the tip is cut, as shown in figure 5.

(7) 6 month 2, 2017: weeding and loosening soil in the range of 1m of the planting hole of the grafted plant (stock plant), erasing stock sprouts and removing stock nutritive branches. Applying 0.2kg of compound fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ditch application method, and spraying trace element foliar fertilizer (the dilution multiple is 800-1000 times). See fig. 6, which is the stock plant 6 months after grafting.

(8) 8, month 2-3 days 2017: pruning, height control and shaping: firstly, aligning crown grafting plants, reserving a first layer of branches close to the ground, controlling the growth potential of a second layer of branches, including top cutting or thinning and removing excessive top branches on the cut of the branches, reserving only 1-2 crown-deviating top branches at the cut of the second layer of branches, and thinning and removing excessive dense branches; and secondly, thinning excessive main branches of the grafted plant with partial crown and multiple main branches, only keeping 3-4 main branches, and thinning excessive round branches, side branches and inner bore branches. When the main branch is cut off or excessive top branches on the branches are thinned, the cut is flush with the branches, and the cut is tightly attached to the main branch when the side branches, the excessive dense branches and the internal chamber branches are thinned. After treatment, the average tree height is 59cm, the upper and lower layer branches are distributed in a staggered manner, and the whole plant is transparent and ventilated. On the basis, the central branch of the mother plant is subjected to tip cutting treatment (see figure 8), and medium-high strength short cutting is carried out on the lateral branch (10-15 cm is cut off), so that lateral bud generation is promoted.

(9) 10 month 13, 2017: weeding and loosening soil within 1m of the plant planting hole, and removing sprouts of the stock, and the method is shown in figure 7.

(10) 12 months in 2017, 23 days to 24 days: according to investigation, the average tree height of each stock plant is 92.1cm, the average crown width is 103.3cm, the tree body is basically in an open heart type, see fig. 10 and fig. 11, the top advantages of the control stock plants without shaping and dwarfing are obvious (same-period grafting, same ultra-low grafting), the average tree height is 142.8cm, and the average crown width is 85.0 cm; the method comprises the steps of removing the ground-dragging branch of the stock plant and the sprouting (strip) of the stock plant, then shoveling soil to cover the stock, compacting, and enabling soil piles to be in a conical shape (see figure 12), thereby inhibiting the sprouting (strip) of the stock plant from reoccurring.

(11) 4-12 days 2 month in 2018: picking off male flowers and female flowers at the early development stage of the mother plant, pruning, controlling height and shaping (including main branch top cutting, removing excessive main branches, excessive circumcision branches and side branches, inner chamber branches and excessive top branches on circumcision branches, tip cutting and short cutting; see fig. 9, removing excessive top branches and circumcision branches of the mother plant.

(12) 6 months in 2018, 5 days to 8 days: weeding and loosening soil within 1m of the planting hole, applying 1.0kg of biological organic fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ditch application method, and performing low-intensity pruning management (tip breaking and short cutting).

(13) 10 months and 9 to 11 days in 2018: weeding and loosening the soil within the range of 1m of the planting hole.

(14) 12 months in 2018, 3 days to 5 days: low-strength pruning management, which mainly removes inner bore branches and aged branches, keeps the whole plant transparent and ventilated, controls the tree height below 1.8m, dwarfs the plant into an open-heart type, and shapes the tree body.

(15) 16-18 days 2 month 2019: referring to FIG. 13, the average tree height of the stock plant dwarfed to "open heart" is 1.47m, the average crown width is 1.84m, the average female flower amount is 187/plant, and the average male flower amount is 24 clusters/plant, which are respectively shorter by 1.29m and increased by 0.93 times, 60.5% and 28.4% compared with the control (referring to FIG. 14, the stock plant which is grafted at the same time but not shaped and dwarfed, and is also grafted at the ultra-low position). In addition, the male flowers and the female flowers are distributed evenly, the distribution positions of the female flowers are relatively low, the female flowers of the female plants are artificially pollinated for 1 time in an auxiliary way in 10: 00-12: 00 am on 16 days of 2 months, and the female flowers of the female plants are artificially pollinated for 1 time in an auxiliary way in 10: 00-12: 00 am on 18 days of 2 months, and the number of the artificial auxiliary pollination is 2 times.

(16) After 3 months in 2019: the mother plant was set up for seed set, see FIG. 15. The stock plant is managed according to the method disclosed by the application, the stock plant is in a 'open-heart type' dwarf tree body, and the height of the tree body and the flowering and fruiting parts can be controlled to be below 2.2 m. In particular, the seed-setting part of the stock plant is low, the seed is easy to pick, the seed-picking efficiency can be improved by more than 1 time, and the labor cost is reduced by 50 percent. Referring to fig. 16, the conventional method for cultivating the production stock plant needs more than 5 years, the top superiority of the tree body is obvious, the growth is high, the height of the tree is usually more than 6m, the auxiliary pollination is difficult, the fructification part is high, the seed collection difficulty is high, and the cost is high.

The conventional grafting method comprises the following steps: the cultivation period of the stock is at least 2 years, the distance between a grafting opening and the ground is generally 30-50 cm, the grafted plant is easy to wind and bend, a support rod is required to bind and support, in addition, the stock has more sprouts/strips, the stock needs to be erased every year, and labor and cost are wasted; referring to fig. 17, in the conventional grafting method, the stock plant after 6 months of grafting has obvious top superiority, vigorous high growth and more than 1.2m of top end because the scion is not timely cut off and controlled to be high when the scion is slightly pulled to be 30 cm.

In addition, the height control and shaping during pruning in the first year are also important for the enrichment of premature fruits, and referring to fig. 18, other steps are according to the invention, but the growth potential of second-layer round branches is not controlled in the current year of grafting, the top cutting and pruning are late, and as a result, the crown layer is moved upwards under the condition that the normal crown plants are not cut and dwarfed in time, and the dwarfing effect is poor. Referring to fig. 19, the crown-correcting plant is difficult to dwarfing because the apical dominance is easily recovered without cutting too many apical branches. Referring to fig. 20, since the crown-biased plant does not have too many main branches, too dense branches, side branches and inner bore branches, the problems of spindly branches, difficulty in flowering and fructification in advance, susceptibility to diseases and the like are easily caused. Referring to fig. 21, the uneven pruning of the branches facilitates the generation of more terminal buds (branches) or lateral buds (branches), which is not favorable for dwarfing and tree management. Referring to fig. 22, the tree body is difficult to control because of excessive growth caused by untimely tip cutting.

Referring to fig. 23, other steps are performed according to the invention, but the female flowers of the mother plant are not removed in the 2 nd year of grafting to allow the female flowers to bear fruits, and as a result, the female flowers of the mother plant are found to be easy to weaken the tree body without removal.

The effect of the method of the invention and other methods in the prior art is shown in the following table 1:

the following conventional methods (method 1) can be referred to: an Ou bin, Jiangjun, Lou Zhehui, Lu Qinghua, Ou Bing Rong, a rapid garden formation technology for a fir grafted seed garden [ J ] Fujian forestry technology 2016,43(01): 84-88; ② DB44/T1533-2015 fir seed orchard construction technical regulation.

The method with dwarfing management (method 2) is a method explored in recent years, and can be referred to a method ZL201610281320.8 for promoting high and stable yield of a fir orchard and a method CN201810148502 for dwarfing, pruning and high yield of parent trees of the fir orchard.

TABLE 1 comparison of the effectiveness of the method of the present invention in comparison with other methods for cultivating parent strains (production) of Cunninghamia lanceolata

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for cultivating a parent strain of a Chinese fir producing seed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) rootstock cultivation, comprising: selecting stock seedlings, wherein the stock seedlings are 1-year-old seedling bare-rooted seedlings of improved varieties families of Chinese fir, are over 60cm high, have full lignification of trunks, have the ground diameter of over 1cm, have more than 4 branches, developed fibrous roots and no diseases; grafting as a stock after planting for 1 year, wherein the stock is as high as more than 1.5m and the ground diameter is more than 4 cm;

(2) scion selection comprising: cutting a scion, wherein the scion is a wheel-growing scion strip with a wheel-growing terminal bud, the physiological state is a dormant period, and the diameter of the scion is 0.8 cm-1.0 cm;

(3) grafting: cutting a stem at a position 8-12 cm away from the ground of the stock after scion is cut, grafting the scion with the grafting caliber being more than 3cm, grafting the scion according to a medullary heart cambium butt joint method, and leaving a lateral branch close to the ground of the stock or a stock sprout as a nutrition branch;

(4) the 1 st year stock management and cultivation comprises the following steps: after grafting for 4-5 months, when the scion slightly grows to be more than 30cm, immediately cutting the tip and controlling the height, and controlling the trunk length to be 20-25 cm after the tip is cut; fertilizing; pruning, height control and shaping; after 10-11 months of grafting, removing the ground-dragging branch of the stock plant and the stock sprout, then shoveling soil to cover the stock, compacting, wherein the soil pile is in a conical shape, and inhibiting the stock sprout from regenerating;

(5) and (3) mother plant management and cultivation in the 2 nd year: removing male flowers and female flowers of the mother plant at the early development stage in 1-2 months of the 2 nd year; weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing; pruning and shaping, keeping the whole plant transparent and ventilated, controlling the tree height below 1.8m, dwarfing the plant into an open-heart type, and shaping the tree body;

(6) and (3) managing stock plants in the 3 rd year, comprising the following steps: in spring of 3 rd year, keeping female flowers and male flowers of the dwarf-shaped mother plant, performing artificial supplementary pollination in the female flower pollination proper period, and fertilizing; pruning and shaping; obtaining a mother plant of the China fir seed;

in the step (4), the pruning, height control and shaping comprises the following steps: aligning crown grafting plants, reserving a first layer of branches close to the ground, controlling the growth potential of a second layer of branches, including top cutting, or thinning and removing excessive top branches on the cut of the branches, reserving only 1-2 crown-biased top branches at the cut of the second layer of branches, and thinning and removing excessive dense branches; and/or thinning excessive main branches of the grafted plant with partial crown and multiple main branches, only keeping 3-4 main branches, thinning excessive twigs, lateral branches and inner chamber branches, leveling the cut opening with the twigs when the main branches are cut off or the excessive top branches on the twigs are thinned, tightly adhering the cuts to the main branches when the lateral branches, the excessive twigs and the inner chamber branches are thinned, controlling the tree height to be below 80cm, distributing the upper and lower branches in a staggered manner, and transmitting light and wind integrally; and (3) cutting off the central branch of the parent plant to a tip, cutting off 10-15 cm of the lateral branch, and promoting lateral bud generation.

2. The method for cultivating a parent plant of a fir tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), when the stock seedlings are planted, planting holes are (56-63) cmx (47-52) cm, 0.45 kg-0.55 kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 0.21 kg-0.27 kg of compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer, and then covering soil is coated; the biological organic fertilizer comprises more than or equal to 60% of organic matter, more than or equal to 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis.

3. The method for cultivating a parent plant of a fir tree according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step (1) further comprises applying 0.13 kg-0.18 kg of urea per plant after the stock seedlings are planted for 4-5 months.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the scion is harvested from the top 1 year old ear of the scion stock.

5. The method for cultivating the parent plant of the cedar seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the fertilizer application is carried out by applying 0.17 kg-0.22 kg of compound fertilizer to each plant by a ditch application method and spraying trace element foliar fertilizer.

6. The method for cultivating the parent strain of the fir wood species according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), 0.8kg to 1.2kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each strain by a ditch application method, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises more than or equal to 60% of organic matter, more than or equal to 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis.

7. The method for cultivating a parent plant of Cunninghamia lanceolata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (6), the pollination time is between 10:00 and 12:00 in the morning and 2:00 and 4:00 in the afternoon.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the number of supplementary pollinations is at least 2.

9. The method for cultivating a parent strain of a fir seed according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), 0.8kg to 1.2kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 0.45kg to 0.55kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each strain by a ditch application method, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises more than or equal to 60% of organic matter, more than or equal to 10% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis.

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