CN113141891A - Short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources - Google Patents
Short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short-spike cutting method of tea plant germplasm resources, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a nursery; 2) nursery garden arrangement; 3) cultivating the scion mother tree; 4) cutting the cutting shoots; 5) cutting; 6) managing in a seedling stage; 7) and (6) planting. The invention belongs to the technical field of tea tree seedling raising, and particularly provides a tea tree germplasm resource short-spike cutting method which solves the problems that the traditional short-spike cutting seedling raising period of tea trees is long, is restricted by natural environment and damages ecological environment, the cultivated tea tree seedlings are high in quality, developed in root system, high in sprouting rate, strong in seedling and high in seedling rate, and a large number of plants with consistent hereditary characters can be obtained in a short period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea tree seedling culture, and particularly relates to a short-spike cutting method for tea tree germplasm resources.
Background
At present, tea plants are mainly propagated asexually. Due to different varieties, the tea tree cuttage rooting rate difference is large, and the seedling rate is low. The method for breeding the tea trees comprises sexual propagation and asexual propagation, wherein the sexual propagation has the advantages of strong environment adaptation capacity, convenient seedling management, low seedling cost, large propagation quantity and the like, and has the defects of mixed economic characters among plants, large growth difference, inconsistent growth period, inconvenient management, difficult processing and development of famous tea, and particularly difficult seed propagation of certain tea tree varieties with low fruiting rate. The vegetative propagation has the advantages of maintaining the characteristic characteristics of fine varieties, having high progeny character consistency, high picking efficiency and good quality, being beneficial to tea garden management and being convenient for mechanical operation, but the current method is not very good in the processes of selection and early treatment of cutting slips, so that the final tea tree is not very good in rooting effect and survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a tea plant germplasm resource short-spike cutting method which solves the problems that the traditional short-spike cutting seedling raising period of tea plants is long, is restricted by natural environment and damages ecological environment, ensures that the cultivated tea seedlings have high quality, developed root systems, high sprouting rate, strong seedlings and high seedling rate, and can obtain a large number of plants with consistent hereditary characters in a short period.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for short-shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a nursery garden: selecting acid soil with sufficient sunlight, fertile and soft soil, mild topography and good drainage and irrigation conditions as a nursery garden;
2) nursery garden arrangement: ploughing a seedbed twice, ploughing the land for the first time by 10-20 cm, applying 800 plus materials of decomposed poultry manure for cultivating 1200kg of soil, ploughing the land for the second time by 30 cm deeply, forming a furrow with the width of 1-1.2 m and the width of a furrow of 50 cm, removing grass roots, weeds and stones in the soil, applying 100 kg of decomposed soybean cakes again, adding 50kg of compound fertilizer for cultivating soil with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15 percent respectively, paving a layer of screened cutting soil with the thickness of 5 cm, and watering the cutting soil thoroughly one day before cuttage;
3) and (3) cultivating the scion mother tree: selecting a green and strong tea tree base with high cutting yield as a mother tree garden, applying 1000kg of decomposed manure and 25-35kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 10 months to the last 11 months, watering the mother tree garden with 15-20kg of urea and 1200kg of water together with 1500kg of water to each mu of the mother tree from the middle ten days of the last 2 months to the last 3 months, spraying 1000mg/kg of ethephon 500 and performing flower and fruit dropping treatment on the mother tree, re-cutting the mother tree from a position 35-40 cm away from the ground after stopping picking in the middle ten days of the 5 months of the spring tea in the mother tree garden, allowing the grown leaf buds on the mother tree to grow freely to serve as cutting for culture, shading and yellowing the mother tree 20 days before cutting, removing the green tree and performing top covering treatment on the mother tree 10 days before cutting for yield increase, and spraying the mother tree 3-5 days before cutting for improving the root growth rate and the survival rate of the cutting at the later period;
4) cutting the cutting shoots: selecting current-year new branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, complete in leaves, semi-lignified, 3-5 mm thick and brown or yellowish green in the surface of the branches as cutting slips; shearing the cutting shoots before 10 am or after 3 pm by using a sharp scissors, storing the sheared cutting shoots in a shade as soon as possible, wherein the cutting shoots have two healthy leaves and complete axillary buds, the stems are more than 2.5 mm thick and 6-10 cm long, the cutting mouths of the cutting shoots are smooth, the cutting mouths are inclined to be the same as the leaf direction, piles are reserved at the upper cutting mouths by 2-3 mm, and the cutting shoots with the leaf length of more than 12 cm are sheared off 1/3-1/2, so that the utilization rate of a nursery garden is improved, transpiration is reduced, and in order to improve the cutting rooting and seedling rate, the cutting shoots can be treated by using auxin and other root-promoting substances when being sheared;
5) cuttage: watering the nursery garden before cuttage, performing cuttage after moisture seeps and the cutting soil is in a wet and non-sticky loose and soft state, obliquely inserting the cutting slips into the cutting soil at 40-50 degrees, enabling the leaf stalks to be flush with the surface of the ridge, avoiding leaf clay, pressing soil near the cutting slips with hands while cutting, enabling the cutting slips to be tightly connected with the soil to facilitate rooting, enabling the leaves to be in the same wind direction, ensuring that plant spacing is suitable for not overlapping the leaves, ensuring that the row spacing is 10-12 cm, cutting 15-20 ten thousand cutting slips per mu of nursery garden, and fully watering after the cutting;
6) seedling stage management: after cutting, covering a sunshade net; watering once in the morning and evening in sunny days, watering 1 time every day in cloudy days, watering 1 time every day after cuttage and rooting, applying top dressing 50-60 days after cuttage, and applying top dressing 2-3 times before outplanting to promote vigorous growth of seedlings, wherein the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃; the air humidity is controlled to be 60-90%, natural illumination is adopted, artificial supplementary illumination is used after the sun is set in the mountain, the illumination time reaches more than 12 hours, illumination is supplemented in rainy days, 700 times of chlorothalonil or 700 times of carbendazim is sprayed every 7 days, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the seedbed in 18-24 days of cuttage, so that the rooting of the cutting slips is promoted;
7) planting: and (5) after the height of the seedlings is 30-40cm, planting the seedlings in a field, and carrying out normal field management.
Further, the poultry manure in the step 2) can be one or more of chicken manure, duck manure and goose manure, and preferably, the poultry manure is chicken manure.
Further, the particle size of the soil inserted in the step 2) is less than 1 cm, and the soil is soft and breathable.
Further, the manure in the step 3) is one or more of pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure.
Further, the soil for inserting in the step 2) can be one or more of paddy soil, sandy soil, muddy sand soil, peat soil, subacid yellow soil core soil and perlite.
Preferably, the soil for inserting in the step 2) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of peat soil, 2-3 parts of slightly acidic yellow soil core soil, 0.5-1 part of perlite and 0.5-1 part of sandy soil.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for short-shoot cuttage of tea plant germplasm resources adopts the cutting soil formed by mixing a plurality of substrates with air permeability and water retention, is convenient for the cutting to ensure enough water content and the root of the cutting to breathe, is convenient for promoting the cutting to take root quickly by spraying yield increasing agent on a mother tree before cutting the cutting, solves the problems of long cutting seedling period, natural environment restriction, ecological environment damage and the like of the traditional short-shoot cuttage of the tea plant, has high cutting quality, high nitrogen content of the cutting, more roots, strong dehydration resistance of the cutting and easy survival of cuttage, ensures that the tea plant cultivated by the method has high quality, obviously increased roots, developed roots, is very important for the growth of the tea plant, greatly increased sprouting rate, light plant diseases and insect pests, strong seedling and high seedling rate, and can obtain a large number of plants with consistent genetic characters in a short period,
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 a method for short shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources, comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a nursery garden: selecting acid soil with sufficient sunlight, fertile and soft soil, mild topography and good drainage and irrigation conditions as a nursery garden;
2) nursery garden arrangement: ploughing a seedbed twice, ploughing the soil for 20 cm at the beginning, applying 800kg of decomposed poultry manure for soil cultivation, ploughing the seedbed for 30 cm at the depth for the second time, raising a furrow with the width of 1 m and the furrow width of 50 cm, removing grass roots, weeds and stones in the soil, applying 100 kg of decomposed soybean cakes again, adding 50kg of compound fertilizer soil with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15 percent respectively, paving a layer of screened cutting soil with the thickness of 5 cm, and completely watering the cutting soil one day before cutting;
3) and (3) cultivating the scion mother tree: selecting a young and strong tea tree base with high cutting yield as a mother tree garden, applying 1000kg of decomposed manure and 25kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 10 months to the last 11 months of the last year, watering 1200kg of water by using 15kg of urea to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 2 months to the last 3 months, spraying 500mg/kg of ethephon to perform flower and fruit dropping treatment on the mother tree, re-shearing the mother tree from a place 35-40 cm away from the ground after stopping picking in the middle ten days of the 5 months of spring tea in the mother tree garden, allowing the grown leaf buds on the tree body of the mother tree to grow, serving as cutting culture, shading and yellowing the mother tree 20 days before cutting, removing shading and greening and topping the mother tree 10 days before cutting, spraying the mother tree 3 days before cutting, and increasing the yield, and improving the rooting rate and the survival rate of the later cutting;
4) cutting the cutting shoots: selecting current-year new branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, complete in leaves, semi-lignified, 3 mm thick and brown or yellow-green in the surface of the branches as cuttings; shearing the cutting shoots before 10 am or after 3 pm by using a sharp scissors, storing the sheared cutting shoots in a shade as soon as possible, wherein the cutting shoots have two healthy leaves and complete axillary buds, the stems are more than 2.5 mm thick and 6 cm long, the cutting shoots have smooth cut whiskers, the cut slant is the same as the leaf direction, piles are reserved at the upper cut by 2 mm, and the cutting shoots with the leaf length of more than 12 cm are sheared off 1/3, so that the utilization rate of a nursery garden is improved, transpiration is reduced, and in order to improve the cutting rooting and seedling rate, the cutting shoots can be treated by using auxin and other root-promoting substances when being sheared;
5) cuttage: watering the nursery garden before cuttage, performing cuttage after moisture seeps and the cutting soil is in a wet and non-sticky loose and soft state, obliquely inserting the cutting slips into the cutting soil at 40 degrees, enabling the leaf stalks to be flush with the surface of the ridge, avoiding the clay of the leaves, pressing the soil near the cutting slips with hands while the cutting slips are inserted, enabling the cutting slips to be tightly connected with the soil to be beneficial to rooting, enabling the leaves to be in the same wind direction, ensuring that the plant spacing is suitable for not overlapping the leaves, ensuring that the row spacing is 12 cm, cutting 15 ten thousand cutting slips per mu of nursery garden, and fully watering the nursery garden after the cutting;
6) seedling stage management: after cutting, covering a sunshade net; watering once in the morning and evening in sunny days, watering 1 time every day in cloudy days, watering 1 time every day after cuttage and rooting, applying top dressing 50 days after cuttage, and additionally applying top dressing 2 times before outplanting to promote vigorous growth of seedlings, wherein the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃; the air humidity is controlled to be 60-90%, natural illumination is adopted, artificial supplementary illumination is used after the artificial supplementary illumination is carried out in the sun and the mountains, the illumination time reaches more than 12h, illumination is supplemented in rainy days, 500 times of chlorothalonil is sprayed every 7 days, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed to the seedbed in 18-24 days of cuttage, so that the cutting shoots are promoted to take roots;
7) planting: and (5) after the height of the seedlings is 30-40cm, planting the seedlings in a field, and carrying out normal field management.
Embodiment 2 a method for short shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources, comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a nursery garden: selecting acid soil with sufficient sunlight, fertile and soft soil, mild topography and good drainage and irrigation conditions as a nursery garden;
2) nursery garden arrangement: ploughing a seedbed twice, ploughing the land for 15 cm for the first time, applying 1000kg of decomposed poultry manure for soil cultivation, ploughing the seedbed for 30 cm for the second time, raising a furrow with the width of 1.1 m and the furrow width of 50 cm, removing grass roots, weeds and stones in the soil, applying 100 kg of decomposed soybean cakes again, adding 50kg of compound fertilizer soil with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15 percent respectively, paving a layer of screened cutting soil with the thickness of 5 cm, and completely watering the cutting soil one day before cutting;
3) and (3) cultivating the scion mother tree: selecting a young and strong tea tree base with high cutting yield as a mother tree garden, applying 1500kg of decomposed manure and 30kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 10 months to the last 11 months, applying 1350kg of water by adding 18kg of urea to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 3 months to the last 3 months, spraying 750mg/kg of ethephon to perform flower and fruit dropping treatment on the mother tree, re-shearing the mother tree from a position 35-40 cm away from the ground after stopping picking in the middle ten days of the 5 months of spring tea in the mother tree garden, allowing the grown leaf buds on the tree body of the mother tree to grow, serving as cutting culture, shading and yellowing the mother tree 20 days before cutting, removing shading and greening and topping the mother tree 10 days before cutting, spraying the mother tree 4 days before cutting, and increasing the yield, and improving the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cutting at the later stage;
4) cutting the cutting shoots: selecting current-year new branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, complete in leaves, semi-lignified, 4 mm thick and brown or yellow-green in the surface of the branches as cuttings; shearing the cutting shoots before 10 am or after 3 pm by using a sharp scissors, storing the sheared cutting shoots in a shade as soon as possible, wherein the cutting shoots are provided with two healthy leaves and complete axillary buds, the stems are more than 2.5 mm thick and 8 cm long, the cutting shoots have smooth cut whiskers, the cut slant direction is the same as the leaf direction, piles are reserved at the upper cut of the cutting shoots for 2-3 mm, and the cutting shoots with the leaf length of more than 12 cm are sheared off 1/2, so that the utilization rate of a nursery garden is improved, transpiration is reduced, and in order to improve the rooting and seedling rate of cutting, the cutting shoots can be treated by using auxin and other root-promoting substances during shearing;
5) cuttage: watering the nursery garden before cuttage, performing cuttage after moisture seeps and the cutting soil is in a wet and non-sticky loose and soft state, obliquely inserting the cutting slips into the cutting soil at an angle of 45 degrees, enabling the leaf stalks to be flush with the surface of the ridge, avoiding the clay of the leaves, pressing the soil near the cutting slips with hands while the cutting slips are inserted, enabling the cutting slips to be tightly connected with the soil to be beneficial to rooting, enabling the leaves to be in the same wind direction, ensuring that the plant spacing is suitable for not overlapping the leaves, ensuring that the row spacing is 11 cm, cutting 18 thousands of cutting slips per mu of nursery garden, and fully watering the nursery garden after the cutting;
6) seedling stage management: after cutting, covering a sunshade net; watering once in the morning and evening in sunny days, watering 1 time every day in cloudy days, watering 1 time every day after cuttage and rooting, applying top dressing 55 days after cuttage, and additionally applying top dressing 2 times before outplanting to promote vigorous growth of seedlings, wherein the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃; the air humidity is controlled to be 60-90%, natural illumination is adopted, artificial supplementary illumination is used after the artificial supplementary illumination is carried out in the sun and the mountains, the illumination time reaches more than 12h, illumination is supplemented in rainy days, 500 times of chlorothalonil is sprayed every 7 days, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed to the seedbed in 18-24 days of cuttage, so that the cutting shoots are promoted to take roots;
7) planting: and (5) after the height of the seedlings is 30-40cm, planting the seedlings in a field, and carrying out normal field management.
Embodiment 3 a method of tea tree germplasm resource short shoot cutting, comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a nursery garden: selecting acid soil with sufficient sunlight, fertile and soft soil, mild topography and good drainage and irrigation conditions as a nursery garden;
2) nursery garden arrangement: ploughing a seedbed twice, ploughing the soil for 20 cm at the beginning, applying 1200kg of decomposed poultry manure for soil cultivation, ploughing the seedbed for 30 cm at the deep depth for the second time, raising a furrow with the width of 1.2 m and the furrow width of 50 cm, removing grass roots, weeds and stones in the soil, applying 100 kg of decomposed soybean cakes again, adding 50kg of compound fertilizer soil with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15 percent respectively, paving a layer of screened cutting soil with the thickness of 5 cm, and watering the cutting soil thoroughly one day before cutting;
3) and (3) cultivating the scion mother tree: selecting a young and strong tea tree base with high cutting yield as a mother tree garden, applying 2000kg of decomposed manure and 35kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 10 months to the last 11 months, applying 1500kg of urea 20kg of water to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 2 months to the last 3 months, spraying 1000mg/kg of ethephon to perform flower and fruit dropping treatment on the mother tree, re-shearing the mother tree from a position 35-40 cm away from the ground after stopping picking in the middle ten days of the 5 months of spring tea in the mother tree garden, allowing the grown leaf buds on the tree body of the mother tree to grow, serving as cutting culture, shading and yellowing the mother tree 20 days before cutting, removing shading and greening and topping the mother tree 10 days before cutting, spraying the mother tree 5 days before cutting, and increasing the yield, and improving the rooting rate and the survival rate of the cutting at the later stage;
4) cutting the cutting shoots: selecting current-year new branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, complete in leaves, semi-lignified, 5 mm thick and brown or yellow-green in the surface of the branches as cuttings; shearing the cutting shoots before 10 am or after 3 pm by using a sharp scissors, storing the sheared cutting shoots in a shade as soon as possible, wherein the cutting shoots are provided with two healthy leaves and complete axillary buds, the stems are more than 2.5 mm thick and 10 cm long, the cutting shoots have smooth cut whiskers, the cut slant direction is the same as the leaf direction, piles are reserved at the upper cut of the cutting shoots for 2-3 mm, and the cutting shoots with the leaf length of more than 12 cm are sheared off 1/2, so that the utilization rate of a nursery garden is improved, transpiration is reduced, and in order to improve the rooting and seedling rate of cutting, the cutting shoots can be treated by using auxin and other root-promoting substances during shearing;
5) cuttage: watering the nursery garden before cuttage, performing cuttage after moisture seeps and the cutting soil is in a wet and non-sticky loose and soft state, obliquely inserting the cutting slips into the cutting soil at 50 degrees, enabling the leaf stalks to be flush with the surface of the ridge, avoiding the clay of the leaves, pressing the soil near the cutting slips with hands while the cutting is performed, enabling the cutting slips to be tightly connected with the soil to be beneficial to rooting, enabling the leaves to be in the same direction as the wind, ensuring that the plant spacing is suitable for not overlapping the leaves, ensuring that the row spacing is 10 cm, cutting 20 million cutting slips per mu of the nursery garden, and fully watering the nursery garden after the cutting;
6) seedling stage management: after cutting, covering a sunshade net; watering once in the morning and evening in sunny days, watering 1 time every day in cloudy days, watering 1 time every day after cuttage and rooting, applying top dressing 60 days after cuttage, and additionally applying top dressing 3 times before outplanting to promote vigorous growth of seedlings, wherein the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃; the air humidity is controlled to be 60-90%, natural illumination is adopted, artificial supplementary illumination is used after the seedling is set in the sun and the mountain, the illumination time is up to more than 12 hours, the illumination is supplemented in rainy days, 500 times carbendazim is sprayed every 7 days, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the seedbed in 18-24 days of cuttage, so that the rooting of the cutting slips is promoted;
7) planting: and (5) after the height of the seedlings is 30-40cm, planting the seedlings in a field, and carrying out normal field management.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for short-shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a nursery garden: selecting acid soil with sufficient sunlight, fertile and soft soil, mild topography and good drainage and irrigation conditions as a nursery garden;
2) nursery garden arrangement: ploughing a seedbed twice, ploughing the land for the first time by 10-20 cm, applying 800 plus materials of decomposed poultry manure for cultivating 1200kg of soil, ploughing the land for the second time by 30 cm deeply, forming a furrow with the width of 1-1.2 m and the width of a furrow of 50 cm, removing grass roots, weeds and stones in the soil, applying 100 kg of decomposed soybean cakes again, adding 50kg of compound fertilizer for cultivating soil with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15 percent respectively, paving a layer of screened cutting soil with the thickness of 5 cm, and watering the cutting soil thoroughly one day before cuttage;
3) and (3) cultivating the scion mother tree: selecting a green and strong tea tree base with high cutting yield as a mother tree garden, applying 1000kg of decomposed manure and 25-35kg of compound fertilizer to each mu of the mother tree garden from the middle ten days of the last 10 months to the last 11 months, watering the mother tree garden with 15-20kg of urea and 1200kg of water together with 1500kg of water to each mu of the mother tree from the middle ten days of the last 2 months to the last 3 months, spraying 1000mg/kg of ethephon 500 and performing flower and fruit dropping treatment on the mother tree, re-cutting the mother tree from a position 35-40 cm away from the ground after stopping picking in the middle ten days of the 5 months of the spring tea in the mother tree garden, allowing the grown leaf buds on the mother tree to grow, culturing as cutting, shading and yellowing the mother tree 20 days before cutting, removing the green tree and performing top covering treatment on the mother tree 10 days before cutting to increase yield, and spraying the mother tree 3-5 days before cutting to obtain a good solution;
4) cutting the cutting shoots: selecting current-year new branches which are strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, full in axillary buds, complete in leaves, semi-lignified, 3-5 mm thick and brown or yellowish green in the surface of the branches as cutting slips; shearing by using a sharp scissors before 10 am or after 3 pm, storing the cut ear strips in a shade as soon as possible, wherein the cutting ears have two healthy leaves and complete axillary buds, the stems are more than 2.5 mm thick and 6-10 cm long, the cutting edges of the cutting ears are smooth, the cutting edge slant is the same as the leaf direction, piles are reserved at the upper cutting edges by 2-3 mm, and the cutting ears with the leaf length of more than 12 cm are cut off 1/3-1/2;
5) cuttage: watering the nursery garden before cuttage, performing cuttage after moisture seeps and the cutting soil is in a wet and non-sticky loose and soft state, obliquely inserting the cutting slips into the cutting soil at 40-50 degrees, enabling the leaf stalks to be flush with the surface of the ridge, avoiding leaf clay, pressing soil near the cutting slips with hands while the cutting slips are inserted, enabling the cutting slips to be tightly connected with the soil, enabling the leaves to be downwind, enabling the plant spacing to be suitable for avoiding the mutual overlapping of the leaves, enabling the row spacing to be 10-12 cm, cutting 15-20 million cutting slips per mu of the nursery garden, and fully watering the nursery garden after the cutting;
6) seedling stage management: after cutting, covering a sunshade net; watering once in the morning and evening in sunny days, watering 1 time every day in cloudy days, watering 1 time every day after cuttage and rooting, applying top dressing 50-60 days after cuttage, and applying top dressing 2-3 times before outplanting to promote vigorous growth of seedlings, wherein the temperature of a greenhouse is controlled between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃; the air humidity is controlled to be 60-90%, natural illumination is adopted, the illumination is supplemented manually after the seedling is set in the sun, the illumination time is ensured to reach more than 12 hours, the illumination is supplemented in rainy days, 700 times of chlorothalonil or 700 times of carbendazim is sprayed every 7 days, and monopotassium phosphate is sprayed to the seedbed within 18-24 days after cuttage;
7) planting: and (5) after the height of the seedlings is 30-40cm, planting the seedlings in a field, and carrying out normal field management.
2. The method for tea plant germplasm resource short spike cutting according to claim 1, wherein the poultry manure in step 2) can be one or more of chicken manure, duck manure and goose manure.
3. The method for short-shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the cutting soil in the step 2) is less than 1 cm.
4. The method for short shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein the manure in step 3) is one or more of pig manure, cow manure and sheep manure.
5. The method for short-shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein the cutting soil in the step 2) is one or more of paddy soil, sandy soil, muddy sand soil, peat soil, subacid yellow soil core soil and perlite.
6. The method for short shoot cutting of tea plant germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein the cutting soil in the step 2) comprises the following components by weight: 1-2 parts of peat soil, 2-3 parts of slightly acidic yellow soil core soil, 0.5-1 part of perlite and 0.5-1 part of sandy soil.
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