CN116530310B - Double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method for tea tree - Google Patents
Double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method for tea tree Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
- A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
Abstract
The invention provides a double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method of tea trees, which comprises the following steps: (1) inserting snapping selection: cutting a cutting slip from a parent tree, wherein the cutting slip is provided with a first axillary bud positioned at the upper end and a second axillary bud positioned at the lower end; leaving a leaf at the first axillary bud of the cutting; soaking the part of the cutting head with the first axillary bud downward in a rooting agent; (2) selection of seedbed: applying decomposed peanut bran and phosphate fertilizer to sandy soil as base fertilizer, fully mixing the base fertilizer with seedling bed soil, leveling furrow surface, spreading yellow soil with the thickness of 6 cm-8 cm on the furrow surface, and scraping and compacting until the soil layer thickness is 4 cm-5 cm; carrying out shading treatment on the seedbed; and (5) carrying out disinfection treatment on the seedbed, and inserting the cutting slips into soil for cultivation. According to the invention, double-bud short-spike cutting is adopted to replace single-bud short-spike cutting, after 30 days of cutting, the branches of the single-bud short-spike cutting have callus, but do not root, and a large number of root hairs appear at the second axillary buds of the branches of the double-bud short-spike cutting, so that the double-bud short-spike cutting has fast rooting and good rooting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cutting propagation, in particular to a double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method for tea trees.
Background
Cutting propagation is a process of inserting cutting slips into soil or fine sand, and rooting and pruning the cutting slips by utilizing the regeneration capability of the cutting slips to form new plants. Different types of cutting cards can be classified into branch cutting, leaf cutting and the like. The cutting propagation is a simple, economical and efficient plant propagation method, and is widely applied to propagation of plants such as fruit trees, flowers, street trees and the like. Tea tree is also a plant suitable for cutting propagation, and the propagation of seeds of tea tree is easily influenced by factors such as hybridization pollution, so that the propagation of tea tree is mainly cutting. The tea tree is bred mainly by adopting a branch-and-plug mode. The advantage of branch-cutting propagation of tea tree is that the purity and characteristics of the propagation variety can be easily controlled.
The traditional tea tree cutting method mainly uses a short branch with one bud and one leaf for cutting seedling, namely a single bud and short spike cutting method, and callus is generated firstly after the cutting is inserted into soil, and then roots are generated from the callus. In the traditional single-bud short-spike cutting method, the cutting spike of the tea tree always grows callus without rooting or slowly roots, so that the cutting propagation effect is affected. This is probably due to the fact that the root primordium is inhibited by the rooting inhibiting substance contained in the cortex, and it is difficult to differentiate rooting.
To overcome this problem, researchers have conducted research and studies to find some methods that can promote rooting of tea tree cuttings. Among them, the most commonly used method is to cut out the growing points or leaves at the top of the cutting to stimulate the cutting to grow, and to stimulate the cutting to form root systems by means of hormone spraying or soaking, but the effect is still unsatisfactory. Alternatively, gas treatment (e.g., CO 2 Concentration control), cell engineering and the like to improve the cuttage rooting rate of tea trees. In recent years, the development of gene editing technology also brings new opportunities for cutting propagation of tea trees. The rooting and maturation of tea tree cutting shoots can be promoted by editing root development related genes or blocking the synthesis of rooting inhibitor substances, so that the cutting propagation efficiency and the yield of tea trees are improved. However, the methods have higher technical requirements and high cost, and are difficult to popularize and apply.
Disclosure of Invention
Aims at solving the problems of long rooting time, difficult rooting, low survival rate, long breeding period and increased production cost of a newly built tea garden in the traditional tea tree cutting propagation technology. The invention provides a double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method for tea trees.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method of tea tree comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting insertion snapping: cutting a cutting slip from a parent tree, wherein the cutting slip is provided with a first axillary bud positioned at the upper end and a second axillary bud positioned at the lower end; leaving a leaf at the first axillary bud of the cutting; soaking the part of the cutting head with the first axillary bud downward in a rooting agent;
(2) Selection of a seedbed: applying decomposed peanut bran and phosphate fertilizer to sandy soil as base fertilizer, fully mixing the base fertilizer with seedling bed soil, leveling furrow surface, spreading yellow soil with the thickness of 6 cm-8 cm on the furrow surface, and scraping and compacting until the soil layer thickness is 4 cm-5 cm; carrying out shading treatment on the seedbed; and (5) carrying out disinfection treatment on the seedbed, and inserting the cutting slips into soil for cultivation.
Preferably, the cutting is a branch tip with a stem thickness of 3-5 mm and semi-lignified in the current year.
Preferably, the length of the cutting branches is 4 cm-6 cm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the first axillary bud is 3-5 mm away from the incision at the upper end of the cutting pin, the incision at the upper end is inclined at 40-45 degrees, and the leaves are transversely sheared off by 1/2; the distance between the second axillary bud and the incision at the lower end of the cutting spike is 0.6 cm-1 cm, and the incision at the lower end is a flat incision.
Preferably, the rooting agent is an aqueous solution containing 200mg/L to 500mg/L of 2,4-D and 800mg/L to 1200mg/L of indolebutyric acid.
Preferably, the rooting agent is an aqueous solution containing 300 mg/L2, 4-D and 1000mg/L indolebutyric acid.
Preferably, the decomposed peanut bran is a decomposed peanut bran containing milk vetch.
Preferably, the decomposed peanut bran containing milk vetch is: mixing fresh milk vetch plants with peanut bran, and naturally composting and fermenting to obtain the product.
Preferably, in the step (1), the first axillary bud is 3-5 mm away from the incision at the upper end of the cutting pin, and the second axillary bud is 0.6-1 cm away from the incision at the lower end of the cutting pin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, double-bud short-spike cutting is adopted to replace single-bud short-spike cutting, after 30 days of cutting, the branches of the single-bud short-spike cutting have callus, but do not root, and a large number of root hairs appear at the second axillary buds of the branches of the double-bud short-spike cutting, so that the double-bud short-spike cutting has fast rooting and good rooting effect.
The traditional method usually carries out topping on immature young shoots about 10 days before cutting, promotes the maturation of the branches, thickens the branches and enlarges axillary buds, thereby being beneficial to rooting after cutting and improving the survival rate of cutting seedlings. The invention does not need to carry out topping treatment on the parent tree, and cuts the cutting slips directly before cutting, thereby omitting the working procedure and saving the cost.
Tea tree has both root bark rooting and callus rooting, and belongs to the comprehensive rooting type. The traditional cuttage propagation mainly takes callus rooting, firstly causes cuttings to generate a large amount of callus, and then takes root from the callus to cause slower rooting time. In addition, the optimal induction condition is not found, so that the rooting process of the callus is slow. The invention can directly induce the differentiation of root primordia and rapidly root after cutting and cutting before a large amount of calli are formed, and can promote the rapid rooting of the calli, thereby realizing synchronous leather rooting and calli rooting.
Drawings
Fig. 1: single-bud short spike and double-bud short spike physical figures (before cutting).
Fig. 2: and (5) an effect diagram of the single-bud short spike and double-bud short spike after cutting.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and drawings for a better understanding of the technical contents of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
The tea tree variety used in the following cases was Inhong Jiu tea tree.
The peanut bran is a byproduct of peanut oil extraction with shells, is rich in major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron, and organic matters of more than 80%, and is commonly used as feed or fertilizer.
The decomposed peanut bran is a product obtained by naturally composting and fermenting the peanut bran for 15 days.
The decomposed peanut bran containing the milk vetch is prepared by mixing Astragalus sinicus L of fresh plants and peanut bran according to a mass ratio of 1:10, mixing, and naturally composting, decomposing and fermenting for 15 d.
The main component of the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide.
1. Double-bud short-spike cutting and single-bud short-spike cutting are compared:
example 1 double bud short spike cutting propagation method of tea tree
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting insertion snapping: cutting branch tips with stem thickness of 3-5 mm and current year and semi-lignification from mother trees in the middle ten days of 9 months to the last ten days of 10 months as cutting slips, wherein the cutting slips are provided with a first axillary bud positioned at the upper end and a second axillary bud positioned at the lower end, and the lengths of the branches of the cutting slips are 4-6 cm; leaving a leaf at the first axillary bud of the cutting spike, wherein the distance between the first axillary bud and the incision at the upper end of the cutting spike is 3-5 mm, the incision at the upper end is inclined at 40-45 degrees, and cutting off the leaf transversely by 1/2; the distance between the second axillary bud and the incision at the lower end of the cutting spike is 0.6 cm-1 cm, and the incision at the lower end is a flat incision. Soaking the part of the cutting head with the first axillary bud downward in rooting agent for 60min. Wherein the rooting agent is an aqueous solution containing 2, 4-D200 mg/L and indolebutyric acid 800 mg/L.
(2) Selection of a seedbed: and (3) applying 160 kg-210 kg of decomposed peanut bran and 50 kg-75 kg of phosphate fertilizer to mu of sandy soil with the pH value of 5.0-5.7 as base fertilizer, fully mixing the base fertilizer with seedbed soil, flattening the furrow surface, covering yellow soil with the thickness of 6 cm-8 cm on the furrow surface, and carrying out strickling compaction until the soil layer thickness is 4 cm-5 cm. The seedbed is subjected to shading treatment, and the shading degree is 60% -75%.
Sterilizing the seedbed by using carbendazim solution, inserting the cutting into soil according to row spacing of 15cm×8cm, keeping the base of the leaf stalk at 0.3cm from the ground, and immediately soaking the seedbed with clear water after cutting.
(3) And (3) field management:
and within one month after cutting, the relative water content of soil of the seedbed is kept to be 70-80%, and after cutting, the relative water content of soil of the seedbed is kept to be 60-65%.
Example 2 Single bud short spike cutting propagation method of tea tree
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting insertion snapping: cutting branch tips with stem thickness of 3-5 mm and current year and semi-lignification from mother trees from the middle ten days of 9 months to the late 10 months as cutting slips, wherein each cutting slip is provided with one leaf and one bud, and the length of each cutting slip branch is 4-6 cm; the axillary bud is 3-5 mm away from the upper end incision of the cutting spike, the upper end incision is beveled by 40-45 degrees, the lower end incision is flat, and the leaves are transversely cut off by 1/2. Soaking the part of the cutting axillary bud downward in rooting agent for 60min. Wherein the rooting agent is an aqueous solution containing 2, 4-D200 mg/L and indolebutyric acid 800 mg/L.
(2) Selection of a seedbed: and (3) applying 160 kg-210 kg of decomposed peanut bran and 50 kg-75 kg of phosphate fertilizer to mu of sandy soil with the pH value of 5.0-5.7 as base fertilizer, fully mixing the base fertilizer with seedbed soil, flattening the furrow surface, covering yellow soil with the thickness of 6 cm-8 cm on the furrow surface, and carrying out strickling compaction until the soil layer thickness is 4 cm-5 cm. The seedbed is subjected to shading treatment, and the shading degree is 60% -75%.
Sterilizing the seedbed by using carbendazim solution, inserting the cutting into the soil according to row spacing of 15×8cm, keeping the base of the leaf stalk at 0.3cm from the ground, and immediately soaking the seedbed with clear water after cutting.
(3) And (3) field management:
and within one month after cutting, the relative water content of soil of the seedbed is kept to be 70-80%, and after cutting, the relative water content of soil of the seedbed is kept to be 60-65%. Urea is applied once after half a year, and the weight of urea is 50 kg-75 kg/mu.
The cutting propagation effect of comparative example 1 and example 2 shows that: after 30d of cutting, the branches of the single-bud short-spike cutting have callus, but do not root, and a large number of root hairs appear at the second axillary buds of the branches of the double-bud short-spike cutting, which indicates that the double-bud short-spike cutting takes root quickly and has good rooting effect.
2. Rooting agent selection
The following rooting agent formula is selected for treatment:
rooting agent A:200 mg/L2, 4-D
Rooting agent B:800mg/L indolebutyric acid
Rooting agent C:2, 4-D200 mg/L+indolebutyric acid 800mg/L
Rooting agent D:2, 4-D300 mg/L+indolebutyric acid 1000mg/L
Rooting agent E:2, 4-D500 mg/L + indolebutyric acid 1200mg/L
Other steps were consistent with example 1.
Rooting effect is recorded after 50d of cutting, the number of cuttings is 20, and three groups are parallel. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Average root number per plant | Average root length/cm | |
| Rooting agent A | 9.8 | 2.5 |
| Rooting agent B | 8.5 | 2.1 |
| Rooting agent C | 10.2 | 2.6 |
| Rooting agent D | 12.6 | 2.9 |
| Rooting agent E | 11.4 | 2.5 |
The result shows that the compound rooting agent has better rooting promoting effect, wherein the rooting agent with the concentration of 2, 4-D300 mg/L and the concentration of 1000mg/L of indolebutyric acid can obviously promote the rooting of cuttings, and the rooting quantity and root length are higher.
3. Influence of base fertilizer on cutting propagation
The decomposed peanut bran is the most economical and applicable base fertilizer component, and researches show that the decomposed peanut bran containing the milk vetch has a certain effect on promoting cuttings to root and improving survival rate. The following are related examples.
Example 1: see above
Example 3: the decomposed peanut bran of example 1 was replaced with a decomposed peanut bran containing milk vetch
Cutting propagation was performed by the methods of example 1 and example 3, respectively, and the number of cutting propagation was 150 each time, and three groups of experiments were performed in parallel. Survival effect data were recorded after 50d of cutting and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Average root number per plant | Average root length/cm | Survival/% | |
| Example 1 | 10.2 | 2.6 | 89.3 |
| Example 3 | 13.7 | 3.0 | 94.7 |
The result shows that the decomposed peanut bran containing the milk vetch is used as the base fertilizer, so that the root primordium differentiation of the cutting slips is effectively promoted, and the rooting number and root length of cutting propagation and the survival rate of seedlings can be obviously improved. The method is probably because the allelochemicals contained in the milk vetch are released in the decomposition process, and the rooting and propagation of the silver cutting shoots are promoted through allelochemicals, so that the rooting and propagation of the cutting shoots are stimulated.
The above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method for the tea tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting insertion snapping: cutting a cutting slip from a parent tree, wherein the cutting slip is provided with a first axillary bud positioned at the upper end and a second axillary bud positioned at the lower end; leaves are reserved at the first axillary buds of the cutting slips; soaking the part of the cutting head with the first axillary bud downward in a rooting agent;
(2) Selection of a seedbed: applying decomposed peanut bran and phosphate fertilizer to sandy soil as base fertilizer, fully mixing the base fertilizer with seedling bed soil, leveling furrow surface, spreading yellow soil with the thickness of 6 cm-8 cm on the furrow surface, and scraping and compacting until the soil layer thickness is 4 cm-5 cm; carrying out shading treatment on the seedbed; inserting the cutting slips into soil for cultivation; the basal part of the leaf stalk of the cutting is 0.3cm away from the ground;
the rooting agent is an aqueous solution containing 2, 4-D300 mg/L and indolebutyric acid 1000 mg/L;
the decomposed peanut bran is a decomposed peanut bran containing milk vetch.
2. The method for cutting and breeding double-bud short spikes of tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the cutting spikes are branch tips which are 3-5 mm thick in stem and are semi-lignified in current year.
3. The method for double-bud short-spike cutting propagation of tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the length of the cutting branches is 4 cm-6 cm.
4. The double-bud short-spike cutting propagation method of tea trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the first axillary buds are 3-5 mm away from the upper end cut of the cutting spike, the upper end cut is beveled by 40-45 degrees, and leaves are transversely cut off by 1/2; the distance between the second axillary bud and the incision at the lower end of the cutting spike is 0.6 cm-1 cm, and the incision at the lower end is a flat incision.
5. The method for cutting and breeding double-bud short spikes of tea trees according to claim 1, wherein said decomposed peanut bran containing milk vetch is: mixing fresh milk vetch plants with peanut bran, and naturally composting and fermenting to obtain the product.
Priority Applications (1)
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