CN107409926A

CN107409926A - A kind of cultural method of navel orange

Info

Publication number: CN107409926A
Application number: CN201710815268.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李光全
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-08-28
Filing date: 2017-08-28
Publication date: 2017-12-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of navel orange, including addressing site preparation, dig planting pit, plant, rich water quality management, the trimming of childhood tree, firstfruits tree-pruning, contain pruning fruit tree, aging tree renewal pruning, flower and fruit thinning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the present invention is before navel orange transplanted seedling tree, lime improved soill earth is inserted in planting pit, thick fertilizer and other fertilizer are added simultaneously, place and carry out transplanted seedling tree again for a period of time, pass through such setting, various fertilizer can be made sufficiently dilute and react, not only advantageously absorbed in fertilizer, and it is avoided that fresh fertilizer produces harm to sapling, thick fertilizer is in putrefaction process, it can not only continue to provide organic fertilizer, and it can keep loose suddenly, be advantageous to navel orange trees and absorb nutrient and moisture；By the pruning of different growth phases canonical system, fruit-setting rate is improved.

Description

A kind of cultural method of navel orange

Technical field

The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of navel orange.

Background technology

Navel orange quality is excellent, and due to seedless succulence, sweet, meat is crisp, rich fragrance, lovely luster, and navel orange is nutritious, contains Vitamin C and carrotene, the formation of carcinogen can be suppressed, moreover it is possible to softening and protection blood vessel, stimulate circulation, Cholesterol and blood fat are reduced, reduces the possibility to suffer from a heart complaint, prevents gallbladder disease, just because of navel orange contains all kinds of of needed by human body Nutrition and in good taste, is well received by consumers, and economic value is high, is the citrus breeding widely cultivated；At present due to kind Plant method is managed improperly and causes low fruit yields, inferior phenomenon, and substantial amounts of chemical fertilizer and Pesticide use also result in soil It is impaired serious, navel orange poor taste, it is impossible to meet the market demand.

The content of the invention

Present disclosure is to provide a kind of cultural method of navel orange, and this method can improve the fruit-setting rate of navel orange, saves Fertilizer, yield is improved, pre- disease prevention, is adapted to extensive standardized planting.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：

A kind of cultural method of navel orange, comprises the following steps：

(1) addressing site preparation：Fertile soil is selected, sunny, field of the soil depth more than 35cm is turned over as plantation Plough to soil depth 20cm, remove stone, level land, built water conservancy equipment of sprinkler irrigation；

(2) planting pit is dug：Centered on field planting point, by seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, the planting pit of 1 vertical square is dug, it is first each Thick fertilizer (such as green manure, weeds, straw, farmyard manure) 6-8kg, lime 0.6-1kg, phosphate fertilizer 1-1.5kg is inserted at planting pit bottom, then Again plus pig manure 50kg mixes soil and fills out hole, and 1.5kg cake fertilizer, 0.5kg composite fertilizers finally are mixed into fine earth and build the square of the unearthed face 20-30cm of training It is colonized heap；

(3) transplant：1-2 lifes, the navel orange nursery stock of robust growth are selected, carries out balled transplanting, nursery stock is planted in field planting vertically Cave center, root system unfolds layering and is put into, one layer of fibrous root, one layer of fine earth, after fibrous root is fully contacted with soil, by nursery stock gently to Upper one, which carries earth backing lid again, puts down, and trains a circle low bank of earth between fields, and to water, drought resisting, graft union must basset, must be poured after plant Root water, it is defined by soil moisture saturation, makes root system and the close knot of soil, upper one layer of lid loosens the soil；

(4) rich water quality management：3-4, which combines full garden and expands hole, after plant improves the soil deep placement organic fertilizer, with farmyard manure, cake fertilizer and green manure Based on, every plant is applied 20-40kg every time, and treelet top dressing, which is applied, promotees the tip and strong tip fertilizer；

(5) trimming of childhood tree：First Year selects and remain major branch, after determining the dry tap tip, in 30-50cm from the ground, in the range of select and remain Growth potential is stronger, and it is reasonable the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, is evenly distributed, mutual spaced young sprout 3-4, pays attention to pinching as major branch culture, It is other except it is a small amount of stay 5-8 piece leaf pinching and make auxiliary support branch in addition to, all erase, using drawing branch or vertical pillar is helped and ties up major branch and make major branch branch Angle is in 30-45 degree angle；Before Second Year spring rudiment, after staying the thin and delicate part of the appropriate cutting back of major branch, the spring tip to sprout, one is selected in tip Grow strong branch and extend branch as major branch, remaining is as side shoot, auxiliary support branch；Continue within 3rd year to cultivate raw branch extension branch and the first pair The thin and delicate part of the appropriate cutting back of major branch, the spring tip selects and remain all one's life changqiang in its tip branch after sprouting continue to make prolonging for major branch and secondary major branch Long shoot, after summer, autumn growth are sprouted, one strong summer, autumn growth are stayed respectively as major branch and the extension branch of secondary major branch；

(6) firstfruits tree-pruning：The extension branch of cutting back major branch at different levels, secondary major branch, summer shoot of erasing, inspires healthy and strong autumn growth；It is right Long nutrition branch stays the timely pinching of 8-10 piece leaves, the branch group after retraction or cutting back result；

(7) pruning fruit tree is contained：Cutting back major branch extends branch and secondary major branch extends branch, summer shoot of erasing, puts autumn growth in good time, inspires strong Strong autumn growth, the general long tip only stay 5 buds, prune overstocked branch off, intersect branch, decline branch group, without leaf inflorescence branch, thorax branch in reservation；

(8) aging tree renewal pruning：The weak branch group portion of tree crown periphery is subjected to cutting back and retains relatively strong or golden mean of the Confucian school branch group, to the greatest extent Amount remains with leaf branch, is allowed to recover tree vigo(u)r rapidly；The tree that extremely weak to tree vigo(u)r in blade largely comes off, saw are whole except not meeting Major branch, the secondary major branch of shape requirement.Cutting back side shoot with a grain of salt branch group, the timely pinching of young sprout to pumping, inspire branch, make Quickly form new tree crown；The renewal pruning of aging tree must be carried out before early spring rudiment, while protect clip, saw with grafting wax Mouth simultaneously carries out trunk whitewashing, it is noted that the protection and shaping of young sprout after spring rudiment；

(9) flower and fruit thinning：

1) winter sparse branching：To before rudiment, removing all fallen leaves spring tips, cutting back periphery fallen leaves autumn growth after fruit picking；Remove length Sample tip branch less than 5cm；Three are taken overstocked group's branch except one, five methods for removing two, if all relatively strong amount of group's branch, is thinning out most Weak branch；Centering bottom fruit-bearing shoot cluster wipes out fruit drop branch, base of fruit branch, the weak spring tip, stays the golden mean of the Confucian school to ride back of the body spring tip retraction；To overstocked Crowded bough, it can be wiped out according to situation from base portion or stay at spring tip bearing basal shoot, to dredge cella space as principle；

2) florescence flower thinning：Rudiment arrives Xie Huaqian after buddingging, and spends more and dredges more, spends dredge less less, dredges and is spent without leaf, remains with leaf flower Branch；

3) fruit thinning：Second of physiological fallen fruit terminate after late June to early July, according to leaf-fruit ratio 60-71 dredge go it is small Fruit, malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, wound fruit and dense fruit.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, florescence and each young sprout aging time progress one time of nutrition liquid blade face are being thanked Spray, 3-4 times altogether, the nutrient solution is made up of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, borax, amino acid, the micro- fertilizer of multielement, biogas slurry.

Preferably, in addition to canker is prevented and treated, and is specially：After fruit picking, before mid-December and early spring tree body rudiment, full garden is thorough Disease branch, sick leaf are cut clearly in bottom, and clear away fallen leaves concentration and burn；For grave illness tree, early spring carries out undisguised heavy pruning；It is aging in each secondary tip Afterwards, carry out artificial pluck and cut disease branch, sick leaf, disease fruit；Before autumn growth is put, according to weather conditions, summer of progress cuts, and selects fair weather Attack in good time and put neat autumn growth, and erase and pass fragmentary autumn growth and Winter hardness.

Preferably, in addition to red spider prevents and treats, and is specially：Predatory Mites are put with reference to drawing, in spring, the average worm of autumn red spider Mouth is up to 3-5 heads/foliar spray medicine preventing and treating, and medicament is with the mineral emulsions such as green grain husk, Fa Xiale, machine oil emulsion and mite danger, pyridaben, Avermectin Element etc., the special efficacy phase length acaricide based on, year spray 4-5 times.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：Before navel orange transplanted seedling tree, lime improved soill earth is inserted in planting pit, is added simultaneously Enter thick fertilizer and other fertilizer, place and carry out transplanted seedling tree again for a period of time, by such setting, can be filled various fertilizer The dilution and reaction divided, is not only advantageously absorbed in fertilizer, and is avoided that fresh fertilizer produces harm, thick fertilizer to sapling In putrefaction process, can not only continue provide organic fertilizer, and can keep suddenly it is loose, be advantageous to navel orange trees absorption nutrient with Moisture；By the pruning of different growth phases canonical system, fruit-setting rate is improved.

Embodiment

Technical scheme is further described below by way of specific embodiment.

Embodiment 1

A kind of cultural method of navel orange, comprises the following steps：

(2) planting pit is dug：Centered on field planting point, by seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, the planting pit of 1 vertical square is dug, it is first each Thick fertilizer (such as green manure, weeds, straw, farmyard manure) 8kg, lime 0.8kg, phosphate fertilizer 1.2kg is inserted at planting pit bottom, then adds pig again Excrement 50kg mixes soil and fills out hole, and 1.5kg cake fertilizer, 0.5kg composite fertilizers are finally mixed to the unearthed face 20-30cm of fine earth base training square field planting Heap；

(4) rich water quality management：3-4, which combines full garden and expands hole, after plant improves the soil deep placement organic fertilizer, with farmyard manure, cake fertilizer and green manure Based on, every plant is applied 35kg every time, and treelet top dressing, which is applied, promotees the tip and strong tip fertilizer；Thanking florescence and each young sprout aging time progress one Secondary nutrient solution foliage-spray, 3-4 times altogether, the nutrient solution is micro- by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, borax, amino acid, multielement Fertilizer, biogas slurry composition；

(9) flower and fruit thinning：

(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Including canker preventing and treating and red spider preventing and treating, canker preventing and treating is specially：After fruit picking, 12 Before the middle of the month and early spring tree body rudiment, disease branch, sick leaf are thoroughly cut clearly in full garden, and clear away fallen leaves concentration and burn；It is early for grave illness tree Spring carries out undisguised heavy pruning；After each secondary tip is aging, carries out artificial pluck and cut disease branch, sick leaf, disease fruit；Before autumn growth is put, according to weather Condition, summer of progress cut, and select fair weather to attack in good time and put neat autumn growth, and erase and pass fragmentary autumn growth and Winter hardness；Red spider Preventing and treating is specially：Put Predatory Mites with reference to drawing, in spring, autumn red spider average population up to the preventing and treating of 3-5 heads/foliar spray medicine, medicament with The mineral emulsions such as green grain husk, Fa Xiale, machine oil emulsion and mite danger, pyridaben, AVM etc., the special efficacy phase length acaricide based on, Year sprays 4-5 times.

Claims

1. a kind of cultural method of navel orange, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

(1) addressing site preparation：Select fertile soil, it is sunny, field of the soil depth more than 35cm as plantation, turn over to At soil depth 20cm, stone is removed, levels land, has built water conservancy equipment of sprinkler irrigation；

(2) planting pit is dug：Centered on field planting point, by seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, the planting pit of 1 vertical square is dug, it is first in each field planting Thick fertilizer (such as green manure, weeds, straw, farmyard manure) 6-8kg, lime 0.6-1kg, phosphate fertilizer 1-1.5kg is inserted at cave bottom, is then added again Pig manure 50kg mixes soil and fills out hole, and 1.5kg cake fertilizer, 0.5kg composite fertilizers are finally mixed to the unearthed face 20-30cm of fine earth base training square field planting Heap；

(3) transplant：1-2 lifes, the navel orange nursery stock of robust growth are selected, carries out balled transplanting, nursery stock is planted in planting pit vertically Centre, root system unfolds layering and is put into, one layer of fibrous root, one layer of fine earth, after fibrous root is fully contacted with soil, by nursery stock gently upward one Carry earth backing lid again to put down, and train a circle low bank of earth between fields, to water, drought resisting, graft union must basset, must be poured after plant and determine root Water, it is defined by soil moisture saturation, makes root system and the close knot of soil, upper one layer of lid loosens the soil；

(4) rich water quality management：3-4, which combines full garden and expands hole, after plant improves the soil deep placement organic fertilizer, using farmyard manure, cake fertilizer and green manure as Main, every plant is applied 20-40kg every time, and treelet top dressing, which is applied, promotees the tip and strong tip fertilizer；

(5) trimming of childhood tree：First Year selects and remain major branch, after determining the dry tap tip, in 30-50cm from the ground, in the range of select and remain growth Gesture is stronger, and it is reasonable the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, is evenly distributed, and mutual spaced young sprout 3-4, pays attention to pinching as major branch culture, other Except it is a small amount of stay 5-8 piece leaf pinching and make auxiliary support branch in addition to, all erase, using drawing branch or vertical pillar is helped and ties up major branch and make the major branch branch angle be in 30-45 degree angle；Before Second Year spring rudiment, after staying the thin and delicate part of the appropriate cutting back of major branch, the spring tip to sprout, a growth is selected in tip Strong branch extends branch as major branch, and remaining is as side shoot, auxiliary support branch；Continue within 3rd year to cultivate raw branch extension branch and the first secondary major branch The appropriate thin and delicate part of cutting back, the spring tip selects and remain all one's life changqiang in its tip branch after sprouting continue to make the extension of major branch and secondary major branch Branch, after summer, autumn growth are sprouted, one strong summer, autumn growth are stayed respectively as major branch and the extension branch of secondary major branch；

(6) firstfruits tree-pruning：The extension branch of cutting back major branch at different levels, secondary major branch, summer shoot of erasing, inspires healthy and strong autumn growth；To long Nutrition branch stay the timely pinching of 8-10 piece leaves, the branch group after retraction or cutting back result；

(7) pruning fruit tree is contained：Cutting back major branch extends branch and secondary major branch extends branch, summer shoot of erasing, puts autumn growth in good time, inspires the healthy and strong autumn The tip, the general long tip only stay 5 buds, prune overstocked branch off, intersect branch, decline branch group, without leaf inflorescence branch, thorax branch in reservation；

(8) aging tree renewal pruning：The weak branch group portion of tree crown periphery is subjected to cutting back and retains relatively strong or golden mean of the Confucian school branch group, is protected as far as possible Leaf branch is left, is allowed to recover tree vigo(u)r rapidly；The tree that extremely weak to tree vigo(u)r in blade largely comes off, saw except do not meet shaping will Major branch, the secondary major branch asked.Cutting back side shoot with a grain of salt branch group, the timely pinching of young sprout to pumping, inspire branch, be allowed to fast Speed forms new tree crown；The renewal pruning of aging tree must be carried out before early spring rudiment, while protect clip with grafting wax, and saw kerf is simultaneously Trunk whitewashing is carried out, it is noted that the protection and shaping of young sprout after spring rudiment；

(9) flower and fruit thinning：

1) winter sparse branching：To before rudiment, removing all fallen leaves spring tips, cutting back periphery fallen leaves autumn growth after fruit picking；Length is removed to be less than 5cm sample tip branch；Three are taken overstocked group's branch except one, five methods for removing two, if all relatively strong amount of group's branch, is thinning out most weak Branch；Centering bottom fruit-bearing shoot cluster wipes out fruit drop branch, base of fruit branch, the weak spring tip, stays the golden mean of the Confucian school to ride back of the body spring tip retraction；To overstocked crowded Bough, it can be wiped out according to situation from base portion or stay at spring tip bearing basal shoot, to dredge cella space as principle；

2) florescence flower thinning：Rudiment arrives Xie Huaqian after buddingging, and spends more and dredges more, spends dredge less less, dredges and is spent without leaf, remains with leaf spray；

3) fruit thinning：Second of physiological fallen fruit terminate after late June to early July, dredged according to leaf-fruit ratio 60-71 and go fruitlet, abnormal Shape fruit, disease pest fruit, wound fruit and dense fruit.

2. the cultural method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that thanking to the florescence and each young sprout aging time enters Row one time of nutrition liquid foliage-spray, 3-4 times altogether, the nutrient solution is by potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, borax, amino acid, multielement Micro- fertilizer, biogas slurry composition.

3. the cultural method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also prevented and treated including canker, be specially：Adopt After fruit, before mid-December and early spring tree body rudiment, disease branch, sick leaf are thoroughly cut clearly in full garden, and clear away fallen leaves concentration and burn；For weight Disease tree, early spring carry out undisguised heavy pruning；After each secondary tip is aging, carries out artificial pluck and cut disease branch, sick leaf, disease fruit；Before autumn growth is put, root According to weather conditions, summer of progress cuts, and selects fair weather to attack in good time and puts neat autumn growth, and erases and pass fragmentary autumn growth and Winter hardness.

4. the cultural method of navel orange according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also prevented and treated including red spider, be specially：Knot Conjunction, which is drawn, puts Predatory Mites, and in spring, autumn red spider average population up to 3-5 heads/foliar spray medicine preventing and treating, medicament is with green grain husk, Fa Xiale, machine The mineral such as oil emu emulsion and mite danger, pyridaben, AVM etc., the special efficacy phase length acaricide based on, year spray 4-5 times.