CN105766538A - Cultivation method of sugar oranges - Google Patents
Cultivation method of sugar oranges Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766538A CN105766538A CN201610334186.3A CN201610334186A CN105766538A CN 105766538 A CN105766538 A CN 105766538A CN 201610334186 A CN201610334186 A CN 201610334186A CN 105766538 A CN105766538 A CN 105766538A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of orange planting and particularly relates to a cultivation method of sugar oranges. The cultivation method is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps: (1) treating germchits; (2) carrying out fixed planting; (3) applying a fertilizer; (4) pruning branches and leaves, and protecting flowers and fruits; and (5) harvesting the fruits and carrying out after-harvesting management. By changing a conventional fixed planting manner, phenomena that hole digging, fertilizer application and fixed planting are carried out during a large-scale planting period, the fertilizer is not uniformly spread so that the germchits of the surge oranges subjected to the fixed planting are directly burnt when the concentration of the fertilizer in holes after watering is too great, or the taste of the fruits is relatively bitter due to the excessive great concentration of the fertilizer are prevented; and the growth of the sugar organs can be promoted, and cultivation method also has the characteristics of preventing insect damages and improving the whole quality of the sugar oranges through reinforcing soil-fertilizer-water management and the after-harvesting management.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to Fructus Citri tangerinae planting technology field, be specifically related to the cultural method of a kind of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae.
[background technology]
Granulated sugar Fructus Citri tangerinae, has another name called Fructus Citri tangerinae in October, gains the name such as granulated sugar because its taste is sweet.The soil region in Guangdong and Guangxi rich in trace element mainly planted by Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae is delicious and extremely sweet, without slag, delicate mouthfeel, actually good merchantable brand, it contains abundant vitamin C, calcium, cellulosic, a small amount of protein, fat and abundant glucose, fructose, sucrose, malic acid, citric acid, citric acid and carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, the element of the needed by human such as sodium, the acid of granulated sugar Fructus Citri tangerinae sweet in the mouth, cold in nature, there is activating QI to eliminate phlegm, lung moistening bowel relieving, enrich blood the effects such as spleen invigorating, quite liking by people.
Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae is generally planted 3 years and can be born fruit, all can abound with fruit every year backward, the age of tree of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. tangerine is more long, mean that the time born fruit is more long, the economic benefit produced is more obvious, and existing Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae planting technology is comparatively backward, lacks the implantation methods of systematic science, the overall quality making Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae is poor, yields poorly.
[summary of the invention]
It is an object of the invention to overcome prior art defect, a kind of method improving citrusfruit quality is provided, the conventional mode of planting changed, prevent caving & fertilizing field planting during implant mass, fertilizer spreads that the uneven Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae concentration of fertilizer in cave after watering making field planting is excessive directly to be burnt to death seedling out, or the excessive phenomenon making fruit mouthfeel more bitter of concentration of fertilizer occurs, the present invention can not only promote the growth of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, manage also by after strengthening clay fertilizer water management and fruit picking, there is pre-insect-pest, improve the feature of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae overall quality.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The cultural method of a kind of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, specifically includes following steps:
(1) seedling processes: the seedling that growth selection is healthy and strong, with root-growing agent, selected seedling is stained with root and processes；Described root-growing agent is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: butyric acid potassium and/or Nafusaku 5-10 part, arylsulphonate 5-10 part, polyacrylamide 1-5 part, chitosan 1-5 part, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.1-0.5 part, forchlorfenuron 0.1-0.5 part, sodium salicylate 0.1-0.5 part and water 300-500 part；Before selected seedling being stained with root process with root-growing agent, being first diluted by root-growing agent with water, wherein water is 30-100:1 with the mass ratio of root-growing agent；
(2) field planting: choose ground, staged ridge, each ladder soil on ground, staged ridge is carried out deep ploughing 10-15cm, then level land, ditch again furrow, furrow width 20-30cm, furrow face width 80-100cm, high 10-15cm, field planting spacing in the rows 150-250cm × 100-150cm, a pier nose is played according to spacing in the rows specification ridge, before field planting, pier nose top is evened out, then insert in the centre 2-5cm earth that pier nose top is evened out by step (1) is stained with the seedling after root processes, tamp after seedling surrounding spreads last layer medium sand again, then last layer fine earth is covered, finally irrigate and determine root water, and carry out after resident time 4 o'clock in the afternoon；
(3) fertilising: executing liquid manure 1-2 inferior to seedling trunk root to the 1st time aging front pouring of the tip after planting, the 1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year, executes liquid manure 1 time with distance seedling trunk 20-30cm for radius pouring in every 10-20 days；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, within every 10-20 days, execute liquid manure 1 time with distance seedling trunk 40-50cm for radius pouring, every 80-100 days with distance seedling trunk 60-70cm for radius buriing fertile 1 time, and drench that to execute each dose of liquid manure be 300-800kg/ mu, the fertile dose every time of buriing is 45-60kg/ mu；
(4) trimming leaf and protect flower and fruit: after fruit picking and before annual 2-4 month rudiment, cuts off intersection branch, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood；Cut off the long shoot sprouted summer, remove diseased plant in time；
(5) fruit picking and management after adopting: gather in time after fruit maturation, every a year, planting site is carried out shallow turning over during plantation, and improve the soil with quick lime.
Further, in step (2), described determining to be added with step (1) described root-growing agent in root water, root-growing agent is with to determine the mass ratio of root water be 1:50-150.
Further, in step (3), execute liquid manure to the 1st time aging front pouring of the tip after described fertilizing and planting and mixed by 0.5-2 part root-growing agent, 15-30 part fertilizer and 200-500 part water；The described 1st time tip is aging to be executed liquid manure and is mixed by 5-10 part nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 part carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1-2 part phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 part fertilizer and 300-1000 part water to planting latter 1 year to drench；Within after described plantation the 2nd, 3 years, drench and execute liquid manure and mixed by 5-10 part nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 part carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1-2 part phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 part fertilizer and 300-1000 part water；Described buriing fertilizer is mixed by 12-25 part potash fertilizer, 10-20 part nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 part plant ash, 5-10 part rapeseed cake and 0.01-0.1 part fermenting agent.
Further, described fertilizer is to be that distiller grains schlempe 15-20 part, people and animals are become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung 20-30 part, Folium Arachidis hypogaeae 10-15 part and straw 5-10 part according to weight portion, forms through yeast ripening of fully fermenting.
Further, also include phase process step of yielding positive results, period is bred at petal, spraying 1-2 medicament continuously, the compound method of medicament is: carbendazim dilution 1000-1500 times that the alkene pyridine pymetrozine that mass percent is 60-80% dilutes 800-1200 times, 10-20% pyridaben wettable powder dilution 2000-3000 times and 40-50% mixes sprinkling；After blossom fall and fruit development period, spraying a foliage fertilizer every 15-20 days, spray 3-4 time continuously, using mass percent is that 60-80% alkene pyridine pymetrozine, 15-25% Prochloraz and 5-10% Ningnanmycin mixed diluting 1200-2000 times spray；Thanking to the florescence applies to thank fertilizers for potted flowers and fruiting period and applies fruit and attack tip fertilizer.
Further, described in thank to fertilizers for potted flowers and mixed by 5-10 part nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 part carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1-2 part phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 part fertilizer and 300-1000 part water, dose is 300-800kg/ mu.
Further, described fruit is attacked tip fertilizer and is mixed by 12-25 part potash fertilizer, 10-20 part nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 part plant ash, 5-10 part rapeseed cake and 0.01-0.1 part fermenting agent, and tip fertilizer attacked by described fruit is buriing, and dose is 45-60kg/ mu.
In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the present invention adopts and the pier nose of field planting is carried out after top evens out, add medium sand compacting after being inserted directly into seedling and add the mode of planting of fine earth again, break traditional mode using caving & fertilizing field planting, prevent caving & fertilizing field planting during implant mass, fertilizer spreads that the uneven Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae concentration of fertilizer in cave after watering making field planting is excessive directly to be burnt to death seedling out, or the excessive phenomenon making fruit mouthfeel more bitter of concentration of fertilizer occurs, the survival rate of seedling can be promoted, accelerate the growth of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae；And before field planting seedling of the present invention, utilize root-growing agent that Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae seedling is stained with root and process, it is possible to promote the growth of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae seedling root hair, hence it is evident that improve the survival rate of seedling.
2. the present invention uses homemade root-growing agent, butyric acid potassium therein is short capillary root mainly, Nafusaku is short main root mainly, both can promote that seedling root hair grows at composite use, effect is more excellent, and also composite upper mitogen forchlorfenuron, the differentiation of plant vasular tissue can be regulated and controled, quick Zhang Ye carries out sufficiently conducted photosynthesis, improve survival rate, chitosan has certain water absorption, ensure that seedling root can fully absorb the moisture in soil, good growing environment is provided, formula also add compound sodium nitrophenolate, its can with plant contact after can penetrate into rapidly in plant, promote the protoplasm flowing of cell, improve cell viability, in composite, various components can also can infiltrate in plant rapidly under the drive of compound sodium nitrophenolate.
3., in the present invention, the Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae seedling after field planting is carried out stage fertilising, after plantation to the 1st time tip aging before do not use element fertilizer, do not use the fertilizer containing biuret etc., it is prevented that seedling root is burnt simultaneously yet；1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year based on liquid manure；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, drench and execute liquid manure and the mode burying Fertilizer Combinations, and the root system according to Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae belongs to the situation opening growth at soil surface dish, grow the age of tree for difference, adopt the mode around the fertilising of trunk radius ring-type to carry out pouring and execute liquid manure or buriing fertilizer, the growth characteristics according to Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit tree, formulate corresponding fertilization mode, soil is maintained fertile, is conducive to the growth of Citrus shatangju tree, be effectively increased the survival rate of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae seedling and the yield of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae.
4. in the present invention, the situation that disease pest according to Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae growth period occurs, scientifically rationally medicine is reasonable, remains less and the time of residual is short, effectively control and prevented and treated the generation of disease especially root rot, anthrax, yellow twig and Sooty mould, short root is kept a full stand of seedings, and fruit tree leaf is beautiful, and the Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit face flash of light of results is painted, overall quality is excellent, and at room temperature long shelf-life, yield is high, is suitable for agricultural extension.
[detailed description of the invention]
Embodiment 1:
The cultural method of a kind of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, specifically includes following steps:
(1) seedling processes: the seedling that growth selection is healthy and strong, with root-growing agent, selected seedling is stained with root and processes；Root-growing agent is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: butyric acid potassium and 10 parts, arylsulphonate 10 parts, polyacrylamide 5 parts, chitosan 5 parts, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.5 part, forchlorfenuron 0.5 part, sodium salicylate 0.5 part and 500 parts of water；Before selected seedling being stained with root process with root-growing agent, being first diluted by root-growing agent with water, wherein water is 100:1 with the mass ratio of root-growing agent；
(2) field planting: choose ground, staged ridge, each ladder soil on ground, staged ridge is carried out deep ploughing 15cm, then level land, ditch again furrow, furrow width 30cm, furrow face width 100cm, high 15cm, field planting spacing in the rows 250cm × 50cm, a pier nose is played according to spacing in the rows specification ridge, before field planting, pier nose top is evened out, then insert in the centre 5cm earth that pier nose top is evened out by step (1) is stained with the seedling after root processes, tamp after seedling surrounding spreads last layer medium sand again, then last layer fine earth is covered, finally irrigate and determine root water, determine root water is added with step (1) described root-growing agent, root-growing agent and the mass ratio determining root water are 1:150, and carry out after resident time 4 o'clock in the afternoon；
(3) fertilising: drench before aging to the 1st time tip after planting and execute the liquid manure 2 mixed by 2 parts of root-growing agents, 30 parts of people's fertilizers and 500 parts of water inferior to seedling trunk root, 1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year, within every 20 days, drenches the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 10 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 5 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of people's fertilizers and 1000 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 30cm for radius 1 time；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, within every 20 days, drench the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 10 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 5 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of people's fertilizers and 1000 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 50cm for radius 1 time, fertile 1 time of the buriing mixed with distance seedling trunk 70cm for radius buriing by 25 parts of potash fertilizer, 20 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.1 part of fermenting agent for every 100 days, and drench that to execute each dose of liquid manure be 800kg/ mu, the fertile dose every time of buriing is 60kg/ mu；Wherein, fertilizer is to be that distiller grains schlempe 15 parts, people and animals are become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung 20 parts, Folium Arachidis hypogaeae 10 parts and straw 5 parts according to weight portion, forms through yeast ripening of fully fermenting；
(4) trimming leaf and protect flower and fruit: after fruit picking and before annual rudiment in April, cuts off intersection branch, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood；Cut off the long shoot sprouted summer, remove diseased plant in time；
(5) yield positive results the phase: petal breeds period, spraying continuously 2 medicaments, the compound method of medicament is: the alkene pyridine pymetrozine that mass percent is 80% is diluted 1200 times, 20% pyridaben wettable powder dilute 3000 times and 50% carbendazim dilute 1500 times of mixing and spray；After blossom fall and fruit development period, spraying a foliage fertilizer every 20 days, spray continuously 4 times, using mass percent is that 80% alkene pyridine pymetrozine, 25% Prochloraz and 10% Ningnanmycin mixed diluting 2000 spray again；Thanking to the florescence applies to be thanked to fertilizers for potted flowers by what 10 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 5 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 2 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts of fertilizers and 1000 parts of water mixed, and the dose thanking to fertilizers for potted flowers is that 800kg/ mu and fruiting period adopt the fruit that buriing mode applies to be mixed by 25 parts of potash fertilizer, 20 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.1 part of fermenting agent to attack tip fertilizer, and dose is 60kg/ mu；
(6) fruit picking and management after adopting: after gathering, every strain Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae enriches farm manure, and remove disease pest deadwood, trimming leaf in time and suitably water, then again by 10 parts of Bordeaux mixture, 10 parts of calcium lime powders, after 1200 parts of water soaking dilutions, spray branch and leaf and smear root；When root rot and anthrax occur, it is that 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion dilution 1200 times sprays preventing and treating by mass percent；Every 1 year, planting site is carried out shallow turning over during plantation, and improve the soil with quick lime.
Embodiment 2:
The cultural method of a kind of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, specifically includes following steps:
(1) seedling processes: the seedling that growth selection is healthy and strong, with root-growing agent, selected seedling is stained with root and processes；Root-growing agent is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: Nafusaku 5 parts, arylsulphonate 5 parts, polyacrylamide 1 part, chitosan 1 part, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.1 part, forchlorfenuron 0.1 part, sodium salicylate 0.1 part and 300 parts of water；Before selected seedling being stained with root process with root-growing agent, being first diluted by root-growing agent with water, wherein water is 30:1 with the mass ratio of root-growing agent；
(2) field planting: choose ground, staged ridge, each ladder soil on ground, staged ridge is carried out deep ploughing 10cm, then level land, ditch again furrow, furrow width 20cm, furrow face width 80cm, high 10cm, field planting spacing in the rows 150cm × 100cm, a pier nose is played according to spacing in the rows specification ridge, before field planting, pier nose top is evened out, then insert in the centre 2cm earth that pier nose top is evened out by step (1) is stained with the seedling after root processes, tamp after seedling surrounding spreads last layer medium sand again, then last layer fine earth is covered, finally irrigate and determine root water, determine root water is added with step (1) described root-growing agent, root-growing agent and the mass ratio determining root water are 1:50, and carry out after resident time 4 o'clock in the afternoon；
(3) fertilising: drench before aging to the 1st time tip after planting and execute the liquid manure 1 mixed by 0.5 part of root-growing agent, 15 parts of people's fertilizers and 200 parts of water inferior to seedling trunk root, 1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year, within every 10 days, drenches the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 5 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 1 part of carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1 part of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of people's fertilizers and 300 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 20cm for radius 1 time；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, within every 10 days, drench the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 5 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 1 part of carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1 part of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of people's fertilizers and 300 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 40cm for radius 1 time, fertile 1 time of the buriing mixed with distance seedling trunk 60cm for radius buriing by 12 parts of potash fertilizer, 10 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.01 part of fermenting agent for every 80 days, and drench that to execute each dose of liquid manure be 300kg/ mu, the fertile dose every time of buriing is 45kg/ mu；Wherein, fertilizer is to be that distiller grains schlempe 20 parts, people and animals are become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung 30 parts, Folium Arachidis hypogaeae 15 parts and straw 10 parts according to weight portion, forms through yeast ripening of fully fermenting；
(4) trimming leaf and protect flower and fruit: after fruit picking and before annual 2-4 month rudiment, cuts off intersection branch, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood；Cut off the long shoot sprouted summer, remove diseased plant in time；
(5) yield positive results the phase: petal breeds period, spraying continuously 1 medicament, the compound method of medicament is: the alkene pyridine pymetrozine that mass percent is 60% is diluted 800 times, 10% pyridaben wettable powder dilute 2000 times and 40% carbendazim dilute 1000 times of mixing and spray；After blossom fall and fruit development period, spraying a foliage fertilizer every 15 days, spray continuously 3 times, using mass percent is that 60% alkene pyridine pymetrozine, 15% Prochloraz and 5% Ningnanmycin mixed diluting 1200 spray again；Thanking to the florescence applies to be thanked to fertilizers for potted flowers by what 5 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 1 part of carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1 part of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of fertilizers and 300 parts of water mixed, and the dose thanking to fertilizers for potted flowers is that 300kg/ mu and fruiting period adopt the fruit that buriing mode applies to be mixed by 12 parts of potash fertilizer, 10 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.01 part of fermenting agent to attack tip fertilizer, and dose is 45kg/ mu；
(6) fruit picking and management after adopting: after gathering, every strain Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae enriches farm manure, and remove disease pest deadwood, trimming leaf in time and suitably water, then again by 5 parts of Bordeaux mixture, 5 parts of calcium lime powders, after 800 parts of water soaking dilutions, spray branch and leaf and smear root；When root rot and anthrax occur, it is that 25% prochloraz aqueous emulsion dilution 700 times sprays preventing and treating by mass percent；Every 1 year, planting site is carried out shallow turning over during plantation, and improve the soil with quick lime.
Embodiment 3:
The cultural method of a kind of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, specifically includes following steps:
(1) seedling processes: the seedling that growth selection is healthy and strong, with root-growing agent, selected seedling is stained with root and processes；Root-growing agent is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: butyric acid potassium 6 parts, arylsulphonate 7 parts, polyacrylamide 2 parts, chitosan 2 parts, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.3 part, forchlorfenuron 0.3 part, sodium salicylate 0.2 part and 350 parts of water；Before selected seedling being stained with root process with root-growing agent, being first diluted by root-growing agent with water, wherein water is 45:1 with the mass ratio of root-growing agent；
(2) field planting: choose ground, staged ridge, each ladder soil on ground, staged ridge is carried out deep ploughing 11cm, then level land, ditch again furrow, furrow width 22cm, furrow face width 85cm, high 12cm, field planting spacing in the rows 180cm × 110cm, a pier nose is played according to spacing in the rows specification ridge, before field planting, pier nose top is evened out, then insert in the centre 3cm earth that pier nose top is evened out by step (1) is stained with the seedling after root processes, tamp after seedling surrounding spreads last layer medium sand again, then last layer fine earth is covered, finally irrigate and determine root water, determine root water is added with step (1) described root-growing agent, root-growing agent and the mass ratio determining root water are 1:85, and carry out after resident time 4 o'clock in the afternoon；
(3) fertilising: drench before aging to the 1st time tip after planting and execute the liquid manure 2 mixed by 1.5 parts of root-growing agents, 20 parts of people's fertilizers and 300 parts of water inferior to seedling trunk root, 1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year, within every 13 days, drenches the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 7 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 2 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 0.8 part of phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of people's fertilizers and 400 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 25cm for radius 1 time；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, within every 13 days, drench the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 6 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 2 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 0.5 part of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of people's fertilizers and 500 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 42cm for radius 1 time, fertile 1 time of the buriing mixed with distance seedling trunk 64cm for radius buriing by 18 parts of potash fertilizer, 15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 6 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.04 part of fermenting agent for every 88 days, and drench that to execute each dose of liquid manure be 500kg/ mu, the fertile dose every time of buriing is 50kg/ mu；Wherein, fertilizer is to be that distiller grains schlempe 16 parts, people and animals are become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung 23 parts, Folium Arachidis hypogaeae 12 parts and straw 6 parts according to weight portion, forms through yeast ripening of fully fermenting；
(4) trimming leaf and protect flower and fruit: after fruit picking and before annual 2-4 month rudiment, cuts off intersection branch, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood；Cut off the long shoot sprouted summer, remove diseased plant in time；
(5) yield positive results the phase: petal breeds period, spraying continuously 2 medicaments, the compound method of medicament is: the alkene pyridine pymetrozine that mass percent is 68% is diluted 1000 times, 14% pyridaben wettable powder dilute 2500 times and 43% carbendazim dilute 1200 times of mixing and spray；After blossom fall and fruit development period, spraying a foliage fertilizer every 16 days, spray continuously time, using mass percent is that 65% alkene pyridine pymetrozine, 19% Prochloraz and 6% Ningnanmycin mixed diluting 1500 spray again；Thanking to the florescence applies to be thanked to fertilizers for potted flowers by what 6 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 3 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 0.9 part of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of fertilizers and 500 parts of water mixed, and the dose thanking to fertilizers for potted flowers is that 500kg/ mu and fruiting period adopt the fruit that buriing mode applies to be mixed by 18 parts of potash fertilizer, 15 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 8 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.06 part of fermenting agent to attack tip fertilizer, and dose is 50kg/ mu；
(6) fruit picking and management after adopting: after gathering, every strain Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae enriches farm manure, and remove disease pest deadwood, trimming leaf in time and suitably water, then again by 6 parts of Bordeaux mixture, 7 parts of calcium lime powders, after 1000 parts of water soaking dilutions, spray branch and leaf and smear root；When root rot and anthrax occur, it is that 30% prochloraz aqueous emulsion dilution 800 times sprays preventing and treating by mass percent；Every 1 year, planting site is carried out shallow turning over during plantation, and improve the soil with quick lime.
Embodiment 4:
The cultural method of a kind of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, specifically includes following steps:
(1) seedling processes: the seedling that growth selection is healthy and strong, with root-growing agent, selected seedling is stained with root and processes；Root-growing agent is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: butyric acid potassium 5 parts, Nafusaku 5 parts, arylsulphonate 8 parts, polyacrylamide 4 parts, chitosan 4 parts, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.4 part, forchlorfenuron 0.4 part, sodium salicylate 0.4 part and 450 parts of water；Before selected seedling being stained with root process with root-growing agent, being first diluted by root-growing agent with water, wherein water is 70:1 with the mass ratio of root-growing agent；
(2) field planting: choose ground, staged ridge, each ladder soil on ground, staged ridge is carried out deep ploughing 14cm, then level land, ditch again furrow, furrow width 28cm, furrow face width 95cm, high 14cm, field planting spacing in the rows 200cm × 140cm, a pier nose is played according to spacing in the rows specification ridge, before field planting, pier nose top is evened out, then insert in the centre 4cm earth that pier nose top is evened out by step (1) is stained with the seedling after root processes, tamp after seedling surrounding spreads last layer medium sand again, then last layer fine earth is covered, finally irrigate and determine root water, determine root water is added with step (1) described root-growing agent, root-growing agent and the mass ratio determining root water are 1:130, and carry out after resident time 4 o'clock in the afternoon；
(3) fertilising: drench before aging to the 1st time tip after planting and execute the liquid manure 2 mixed by 1.5 parts of root-growing agents, 28 parts of people's fertilizers and 400 parts of water inferior to seedling trunk root, 1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year, within every 18 days, drenches the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 9 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 1.8 parts of phosphate fertilizer of 4 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 9 parts of people's fertilizers and 850 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 28cm for radius 1 time；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, within every 17 days, drench the liquid manure executing to be mixed by 8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 3 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 1.7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 9 parts of people's fertilizers and 900 parts of water with distance seedling trunk 48cm for radius 1 time, fertile 1 time of the buriing mixed with distance seedling trunk 69cm for radius buriing by 22 parts of potash fertilizer, 18 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.09 part of fermenting agent for every 95 days, and drench that to execute each dose of liquid manure be 700kg/ mu, the fertile dose every time of buriing is 58kg/ mu；Wherein, fertilizer is to be that distiller grains schlempe 18 parts, people and animals are become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung 27 parts, Folium Arachidis hypogaeae 14 parts and straw 9 parts according to weight portion, forms through yeast ripening of fully fermenting；
(4) trimming leaf and protect flower and fruit: after fruit picking and before annual 2-4 month rudiment, cuts off intersection branch, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood；Cut off the long shoot sprouted summer, remove diseased plant in time；
(5) yield positive results the phase: petal breeds period, spraying continuously 2 medicaments, the compound method of medicament is: the alkene pyridine pymetrozine that mass percent is 70% is diluted 1100 times, 18% pyridaben wettable powder dilute 2800 times and 48% carbendazim dilute 1400 times of mixing and spray；After blossom fall and fruit development period, spraying a foliage fertilizer every 18 days, spray continuously 4 times, using mass percent is that 75% alkene pyridine pymetrozine, 20% Prochloraz and 8% Ningnanmycin mixed diluting 1850 spray again；Thanking to the florescence applies to be thanked to fertilizers for potted flowers by what 8 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers, 3 parts of carbamide K composite fertilizers, 1.6 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of fertilizers and 950 parts of water mixed, and the dose thanking to fertilizers for potted flowers is that 750kg/ mu and fruiting period adopt the fruit that buriing mode applies to be mixed by 23 parts of potash fertilizer, 17 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of rapeseed cakes and 0.07 part of fermenting agent to attack tip fertilizer, and dose is 58kg/ mu；
(6) fruit picking and management after adopting: after gathering, every strain Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae enriches farm manure, and remove disease pest deadwood, trimming leaf in time and suitably water, then again by 8 parts of Bordeaux mixture, 9 parts of calcium lime powders, after 1100 parts of water soaking dilutions, spray branch and leaf and smear root；When root rot and anthrax occur, it is that 35% prochloraz aqueous emulsion dilution 1000 times sprays preventing and treating by mass percent；Every 1 year, planting site is carried out shallow turning over during plantation, and improve the soil with quick lime.
The fruit tree of method and the Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae quality of results to embodiment of the present invention 1-4 are evaluated, and evaluation result is as follows:
(1) survival rate of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit Seedling
Table 1
| Classification | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 |
| Plantation number/ | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Survival number/ | 57 | 57 | 58 | 59 |
| Survival rate/% | 95.0 | 95.0 | 96.7 | 98.3 |
As seen from the above table, the survival rate of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit Seedling is all more than 95%.
(2) Quality Identification of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit
The Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae of results in embodiment 1-4 is respectively chosen 50 entirety to Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae identify, as seen from Table 2, the Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit of results is oblate, and peel is orange red, flash of light, more smooth, sarcocarp is sharp and clear, juice is many, change slag, taste is sweet, few core, solubility solid content 13.5-14.3%, and common Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae of comparing, the Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Pericarpium Citri tangerinae more stiffened having, make the time placing storage at normal temperatures more of a specified duration, not perishable, can store 18-21 days under room temperature.
Table 2
| Classification | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 |
| Solubility solid content/% | 14.0 | 13.5 | 14.2 | 14.3 |
| The storage time (my god) | 19 | 19 | 20 | 22 |
(3) Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae volume analysis
Table 3
As shown in Table 3, Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae yield is that the theoretical yield having fruit size and every strain determines, the method adopting the present invention, is no matter that the theoretical yield of fruit mass or every strain is all high than existing yield, and along with the increase of the age of tree, the theoretical yield of every strain Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae also improves constantly.
(2) the sick rate of Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit tree
50 Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit trees to the method for embodiment of the present invention 1-4, are tracked in planting 3 years observing, and result is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
As seen from Table 4, in planting 3 years, use the present invention method can make Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. tangerine root rot, anthrax, yellow twig sick rate be below 4%, the sick rate of Sooty mould is lower than 2%.
Described above is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to the patent claim of the present invention, the equal change completed under technical spirit suggested by all present invention or modification are changed, and all should belong to the contained the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the cultural method of a Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae, it is characterised in that specifically include following steps:
(1) seedling processes: the seedling that growth selection is healthy and strong, with root-growing agent, selected seedling is stained with root and processes；Described root-growing agent is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: butyric acid potassium and/or Nafusaku 5-10 part, arylsulphonate 5-10 part, polyacrylamide 1-5 part, chitosan 1-5 part, compound sodium nitrophenolate 0.1-0.5 part, forchlorfenuron 0.1-0.5 part, sodium salicylate 0.1-0.5 part and water 300-500 part；Before selected seedling being stained with root process with root-growing agent, being first diluted by root-growing agent with water, wherein water is 30-100:1 with the mass ratio of root-growing agent；
(2) field planting: choose ground, staged ridge, each ladder soil on ground, staged ridge is carried out deep ploughing 10-15cm, then level land, ditch again furrow, furrow width 20-30cm, furrow face width 80-100cm, high 10-15cm, field planting spacing in the rows 150-250cm × 100-150cm, a pier nose is played according to spacing in the rows specification ridge, before field planting, pier nose top is evened out, then insert in the centre 2-5cm earth that pier nose top is evened out by step (1) is stained with the seedling after root processes, tamp after seedling surrounding spreads last layer medium sand again, then last layer fine earth is covered, finally irrigate and determine root water, and carry out after resident time 4 o'clock in the afternoon；
(3) fertilising: executing liquid manure 1-2 inferior to seedling trunk root to the 1st time aging front pouring of the tip after planting, the 1st time the tip is aging to planting latter 1 year, executes liquid manure 1 time with distance seedling trunk 20-30cm for radius pouring in every 10-20 days；After plantation the 2nd, 3 years, within every 10-20 days, execute liquid manure 1 time with distance seedling trunk 40-50cm for radius pouring, every 80-100 days with distance seedling trunk 60-70cm for radius buriing fertile 1 time, and drench that to execute each dose of liquid manure be 300-800kg/ mu, the fertile dose every time of buriing is 45-60kg/ mu；
(4) trimming leaf and protect flower and fruit: after fruit picking and before annual 2-4 month rudiment, cuts off intersection branch, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood；Cut off the long shoot sprouted summer, remove diseased plant in time；
(5) fruit picking and management after adopting: gather in time after fruit maturation, every a year, planting site is carried out shallow turning over during plantation, and improve the soil with quick lime.
2. the method for raising Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit quality according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), described determines to be added with step (1) described root-growing agent in root water, and root-growing agent is with to determine the mass ratio of root water be 1:50-150.
3. the method for raising Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), execute liquid manure to the 1st time aging front pouring of the tip after described fertilizing and planting and mixed by 0.5-2 part root-growing agent, 15-30 part fertilizer and 200-500 part water；The described 1st time tip is aging to be executed liquid manure and is mixed by 5-10 part nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 part carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1-2 part phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 part fertilizer and 300-1000 part water to planting latter 1 year to drench；Within after described plantation the 2nd, 3 years, drench and execute liquid manure and mixed by 5-10 part nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 part carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1-2 part phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 part fertilizer and 300-1000 part water；Described buriing fertilizer is mixed by 12-25 part potash fertilizer, 10-20 part nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 part plant ash, 5-10 part rapeseed cake and 0.01-0.1 part fermenting agent.
4. the method for raising Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit quality according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer is to be that distiller grains schlempe 15-20 part, people and animals are become thoroughly decomposed liquid dung 20-30 part, Folium Arachidis hypogaeae 10-15 part and straw 5-10 part according to weight portion, forms through yeast ripening of fully fermenting.
5. the method for raising Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit quality according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also include phase process step of yielding positive results, period is bred at petal, spraying 1-2 medicament continuously, the compound method of medicament is: carbendazim dilution 1000-1500 times that the alkene pyridine pymetrozine that mass percent is 60-80% dilutes 800-1200 times, 10-20% pyridaben wettable powder dilution 2000-3000 times and 40-50% mixes sprinkling；After blossom fall and fruit development period, spraying a foliage fertilizer every 15-20 days, spray 3-4 time continuously, using mass percent is that 60-80% alkene pyridine pymetrozine, 15-25% Prochloraz and 5-10% Ningnanmycin mixed diluting 1200-2000 times spray；Thanking to the florescence applies to thank fertilizers for potted flowers and fruiting period and applies fruit and attack tip fertilizer.
6. the method for raising Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae fruit quality according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described fertilizers for potted flowers of thanking is mixed by 5-10 part nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 part carbamide K composite fertilizer, 0.1-2 part phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 part fertilizer and 300-1000 part water, and dose is 300-800kg/ mu.
7. the method for preventing and treating Saccharum Sinensis Roxb. Fructus Citri tangerinae pest and disease damage according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described fruit is attacked tip fertilizer and is mixed by 12-25 part potash fertilizer, 10-20 part nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 part plant ash, 5-10 part rapeseed cake and 0.01-0.1 part fermenting agent, tip fertilizer attacked by described fruit is buriing, and dose is 45-60kg/ mu.
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