CN108718859A - A kind of implantation methods of oil tea - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of oil tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN108718859A CN108718859A CN201810435263.3A CN201810435263A CN108718859A CN 108718859 A CN108718859 A CN 108718859A CN 201810435263 A CN201810435263 A CN 201810435263A CN 108718859 A CN108718859 A CN 108718859A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which is characterized in that includes the following steps：Forest land selects：Select the tailo of illumination abundance, the red soil of half tailo or yellow-red soil plantation；It plans in forest land：Planning of science activities growing area and road, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation；Digging is spreaded manuer in holes base manure：Big cave is dug, base manure is used sufficient；Planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, each kind branch plants；Young growth is managed and protected：Hoe up weeds loosen the soil, apply fertilizers scientifically, pruning；It grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil cultivates the multiple, rational application of fertilizer, trimming, water management；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Oil tea pest and disease damage " will be prevented overweighting controlling ", taken based on tending technique, the comprehensive preventive health measures that biology is combined with medical treatment；Protect Pollinating Insect：It seals a mountain pass and protects scoliid, forbid digging bee pupa；Tea fruit harvests：It is harvested respectively according to the maturity period of varieties of plant.The present invention improves the yield of oil tea, brings larger economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of oil tea.
Background technology
Oil tea, be broadly seed oil content is higher in Theaceae, Camellia, have cultivating value a kind of plant it is total
Claim；In the narrow sense, refer to C. olelfera, be the important woody oil tree species in China, cultivation and edible existing more than 2300 years history；Oil tea
It is evergreen dungarunga, the service life up to decades even upper a century, is planted using grafting or cuttage seeding, and preceding triennial length is slow, and 4-5
Year sapling up-growth quickening, starts result；6-7 annual bearing amounts increase year by year, enter after 8-10 years and abound with the phase, the best fruiting period is up to 40-
50 years or more；Oil tea can grow three kinds of sprays such as the spring tip, summer shoot and autumn growth, spring late Febuary to mid-May tip rudiment life for 1 year
Long, late May to late August summer shoot grows, and hair autumn growth is taken out after September；Bud is mainly grown on the spring tip, is circle in terminal bud or axillary bud
Thick shape red bud, reinforces Spring-shoot growth management, bud can be made to increase, and improves lower annual output；Camellia florescence is 10-December, the Frost's Descent
Seed is bloomed in late October to November, and the Beginning of Winter seed is bloomed in mid-November to December；Young fruit quickly grows in March to August, accounts for about
The 76% of total increment；Late August to October, fruit no longer increase, but grease accelerates conversion accumulation, late September to increase to before harvesting
At most, therefore prematurity harvest in advance, fruit oil content are low；Oil tea Frost's Descent seed is in late October maturation, and the Beginning of Winter seed is to November
The phenomenon that early and middle ten days are ripe, enter florescence quickly later, common " the flowers and fruits same period ", " it is pregnant to embrace seed ", this stage will be reinforced
Fertilising supplies sufficient nutrient, it is ensured that come that annual bearing is good, yield is high.
Currently, the period is long in the implantation methods of existing oil tea, limitation of management, there are survival rate when plantation and yield not
Height, the defects such as oil content and fruit bearing rate are low cause the enthusiasm for planting peasant household to decline.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of implantation methods of oil tea, plantation sides
Forensic science is reasonable, improves the yield and quality of tea oil tree oil-producing tea fruit, and then improves the economic well-being of workers and staff of plantation tea oil tree.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
A, forest land selects：Select tailo, half tailo of height above sea level 800m or less illumination abundances, 25 ° of red soil below of the gradient or yellow red
The gentle slope soil plantation of earth；
B, forest land is planned：According to landform and area, planning of science activities growing area and road, setting cistern, settling pit and bank protection,
The biological isolation strip of surrounding setting, fire forest belt or ecological protection band in forest land；
C, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation, the outside height of ladder band, inside are low, and ring ditch or water storage ditch are dug in inside,
Deep width is 25-30 centimetres, and for length depending on landform, time of site preparation was 9-December；
D, base manure of spreading manuer in holes is dug：Dig big cave, cave specification：（60—70）Cm x（50—70）Cm x（40—70）Centimetre, it uses sufficient
Base manure returns soil and mixes thoroughly, then return cubsoil, fill out per 3-5 kilograms of the muck that 1-3 kilograms of cave bottom organic fertilizer or pile fermentation are crossed
Soil is higher than 5-10 centimetres of earth's surface, and base manure applies for 1 month before planting；
E, planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, height of seedling 30cm, ground diameter 0.4cm or more, ball is complete, lateral root hair
Up to uniform, the seedling strain of not conglomeration, in December to 2 months cloudy days plantation, each kind branch plants, and main breed transplants 1-2 rows
Afterwards, 1 row of plantation disposition kind, 100-110 plants per acre of initial density in planting, seeding row spacing（2—2.5）Rice ×（3—3.5）Rice, tree crown are strongly fragrant
After closing, density is adjusted to 70-90 plants per acre, is checked in time after plantation, dead strain of being short of seedling is found, with seedlings after-culture of the same age；
F, young growth is managed and protected：Hoe up weeds loosen the soil, apply fertilizers scientifically, pruning；
G, it grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil cultivates the multiple, rational application of fertilizer, trimming, water management；
H. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Oil tea pest and disease damage " will be prevented overweighting controlling ", taken based on tending technique, biology is anti-with drug
Control the comprehensive preventive health measures being combined；
I, Pollinating Insect is protected：Late October to December is oil tea florescence, should not fumigation, earth burning ash and sprinkling agriculture in woods
Medicine, the more hill of scoliid distribution are preferably sealed a mountain pass, and forbid digging bee pupa, the Pollinating Insects such as protection scoliid；
J, tea fruit harvests：Peel smooth, hairless or few hair, pericarp is crack to be split, and seed dark brown or shiny black color can harvest, root
It is harvested respectively according to the maturity period of varieties of plant, maturity is higher, and oil content is also higher.
During the step F young growths are managed and protected：
It is described hoe up weeds loosen the soil be remove horizontal ladder band on weeds, the preferably shallow hoe of treelet base portion, 5-10cm of depth, and expand cave ridging,
Slope surface splits grass, and tall and big weeds shrub is split to short, cleaning ring ditch；
Described apply fertilizers scientifically is that seedling strain plantation applies a small amount of urea or composite fertilizer in 5-June of current year, other than 20 centimetres from base portion, every plant
No more than 1 liang, burn seedlings is prevented；Annual fertilising 2-3 times from 2nd year, the tip rudiment of 2-spring in March, 5-June summer shoot sprout before chase after
2-3 liang/plants of fertilizer, 1-2 liang of urea or composite fertilizer, are stepped up dose every year later, on the inside of tree crown drip ditching apply
Enter, earthing, next year winter organic fertilizer 1 time, 2-3 kilograms every plant or 5-10 kilograms of compost, digs annular ditch or crescentic groove deep placement；
The pruning is that oil tea treelet height is more than to be done shaping surely after 0.8 to 1 meter, away from 50-60 centimeters cutting back of interface
Trunk makes it sprout new buds, and selects and remain 3-5 culture major branches of side shoot of different direction, robust growth, and next year continues to cultivate secondary master
Branch cultivates side shoot group, forms happy shape or globular model tree crown year by year.
The step G, which grows into forest, to be managed and protected：
The soil is cultivated multiple：The shallow hoe of annual spring and summer 1 time, it is 5-10 centimetres deep, next year winter cultivate 1 time multiple, it is 20-30 centimetres deep；
The rational application of fertilizer：Big tree fertilising 2-3 times, before 2-March took out tip foliation, every plant is applied 0.15 kilogram of urea, phosphorus potash fertilizer 0.1
Kilogram or 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer, 5-spring in the June tips apply 0.2 kilogram of calcium superphosphate after stopping growing, 0.1 kilogram of potassium chloride, 11-
2-5 kilograms of December, organic fertilizer or special fertilizer can next year be applied 1 time according to growing state；
The trimming：Before being sprouted to the spring tip after camellia oleifera fruit harvesting, wipes out sick branch, the branch of excessive growth, descending branch, intersects branch, interior thorax
Branch, thin and delicate branch, the long top tip of cutting back and base portion branch can be used support, draw, drag, keep tree crown light abundant to overstocked branch,
It is ventilated；
The water management：In forest land suitable for place, cistern is dug, conduit pipe is laid, to water when arid.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Using oil tea survival rate of the present invention up to 94% or more, by the rational application of fertilizer, meet oil
Demand of the tea in different times to fertilizer, tea oil tree fruiting is fast, fruit yield is high, and the oil yield of tea seed reaches 80% or more；
And oil tea whole body is precious, tea seed, tea seed cake, shell can utilize, and camellia seed oil is a kind of high quality food oil, unsaturated fatty acid
Content has effects that medical and health care up to 90% or more, and long-term consumption can reduce blood pressure blood fat and cholesterol, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, disappear red
Detumescence, ease constipation clearing stomach, detoxicating, relieving inflammation can treat empyrosis, tinea scabies dark sore, diaper rash eczema, moreover it is possible to beautifying face and moistering lotion, hair care profit
Skin；Tea seed cake contains Tea Saponin, can make detergent, shampoo, disinfectant, concrete foamer etc., and residue can make fertilizer again,
Purposes is various, and oil-tea camellia husks can make activated carbon, alditol, and stack retting is processed into fertilizer, and edible fungi raw materials can be produced after removing tannin
Deng；Scientic planting tea oil tree, improves yield, and larger economic benefit is brought to peasant household.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment.
It is characterized by comprising the following steps：
A, forest land selects：Select tailo, half tailo of height above sea level 800m or less illumination abundances, 25 ° of red soil below of the gradient or yellow red
The gentle slope soil plantation of earth；
B, forest land is planned：According to landform and area, planning of science activities growing area and road, 3-3.5 meters of trunk road width, Zhi Gandao
1.5-2 meters, gutter, setting cistern, settling pit and bank protection, in forest land surrounding is arranged in 0.8-1 meter of work road, forest-road both sides
The biological isolation strip of setting, fire forest belt or ecological protection band；
C, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation, the outside height of ladder band, inside are low, and ring ditch or water storage ditch are dug in inside,
Deep width is 25-30 centimetres, and for length depending on landform, time of site preparation was 9-December；
D, base manure of spreading manuer in holes is dug：Dig big cave, cave specification：（60—70）Cm x（50—70）Cm x（40—70）Centimetre, it uses sufficient
Base manure returns soil and mixes thoroughly, then return cubsoil, fill out per 3-5 kilograms of the muck that 1-3 kilograms of cave bottom organic fertilizer or pile fermentation are crossed
Soil is higher than 5-10 centimetres of earth's surface, and base manure applies for 1 month before planting；
E, planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, height of seedling 30cm, ground diameter 0.4cm or more, ball is complete, lateral root hair
Up to uniform, the seedling strain of not conglomeration, in December to 2 months cloudy days plantation, each kind branch plants, and main breed transplants 1-2 rows
Afterwards, 1 row of plantation disposition kind will be beaten before bare-root seeding plantation, can be added appropriate root-growing agent, hestening rooting, and when plantation will carry seedling
It treads, lid loosens the soil, 100-110 plants per acre of initial density in planting, seeding row spacing（2—2.5）Rice ×（3—3.5）Meter, it is close after canopy
Degree is adjusted to 70-90 plants per acre, is checked in time after plantation, dead strain of being short of seedling is found, with seedlings after-culture of the same age；
F, young growth is managed and protected：It hoes up weeds and loosens the soil：The weeds on horizontal ladder band, the preferably shallow hoe of treelet base portion, 5-10cm of depth are removed, and is expanded
Cave is earthed up, and slope surface splits grass, tall and big weeds shrub is split short, clears up ring ditch, the time is 5-June and 9-October；Science is applied
Fertilizer：Plantation applies a small amount of urea or composite fertilizer in 5-June of current year, and other than 20 centimetres from base portion, every plant is no more than 1 liang, prevents burn seedlings,
Annual fertilising 2-3 times from 2nd year, the tip rudiment of 2-spring in March, 5-June summer shoot sprout before top dressing, 1-2 liang or compound of urea
Fertilizer 2-3 liang/plants, be stepped up dose every year later, ditching application, earthing on the inside of tree crown drip, next year winter applied
Machine fertilizer 1 time, 2-3 kilograms every plant or 5-10 kilograms of compost, dig annular ditch or crescentic groove deep placement；Pruning：Oil tea treelet is high
Shaping is done surely after more than 0.8 to 1 meter, away from 50-60 centimeters cutting back trunk of interface, so that it is sprouted new buds, is selected and remain not Tongfang
Position, robust growth the culture major branches of side shoot 3-5, next year continues to cultivate secondary major branch, cultivates side shoot group year by year, form happy shape
Or globular model tree crown, trimming time are 2 months December to next years.
G, it grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil is cultivated multiple：The shallow hoe of annual spring and summer 1 time, it is 5-10 centimetres deep, next year winter cultivate 1 time multiple, it is deep
20-30 centimetres；Cultivate deep-cut again can chesson, reduce pest and disease damage, promoting root growth unfolds, and increases yield；The rational application of fertilizer：Big tree fertilising
2-3 times, before 2-March took out tip foliation, every plant is applied 0.5 kilogram of 0.15 kilogram of urea, 0.1 kilogram of phosphorus potash fertilizer or composite fertilizer, and 5-6
Month spring tip applies 0.2 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.1 kilogram of potassium chloride, 11-December, organic fertilizer or special fertilizer 2-5 after stopping growing
Kilogram, it can next year be applied according to growing state 1 time, bearing tree will be reinforced applying fertilizer, and supply nutrition, alleviate " biennial bearing " phenomenon, accomplish
Sustainable high yield；Trimming：Before being sprouted to the spring tip after camellia oleifera fruit harvesting, wipes out sick branch, the branch of excessive growth, descending branch, intersects branch, interior thorax
Branch, thin and delicate branch, the long top tip of cutting back and base portion branch accomplish that happy bright foot can be used support, draw, drag, make to overstocked branch
Tree crown light is abundant, ventilated；Water management：The supply of summer and autumn moisture is sufficient, is formed conducive to grease, forest land suitably
Point digs cistern, lays conduit pipe, to water when arid, improves yield；
H. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Oil tea pest and disease damage " will be prevented overweighting controlling ", taken based on tending technique, biology is anti-with drug
The comprehensive preventive health measures being combined is controlled, pays attention to leveling forest land, diseased plant, the disease fruit of landing, sick leaf is removed, trims overstocked branch in time
Item keeps ventilation and penetrating light in woods, the winter to cultivate summer shovel, kills worm pupa, or attracts natural enemy, discharges biological agent, is suited the medicine to the illness according to illness
Spray, the biology that can also raise chickens catch worm.
I, Pollinating Insect is protected：Late October to December is oil tea florescence, should not fumigation, earth burning ash and spray in woods
Pesticide is spilt, the more hill of scoliid distribution is preferably sealed a mountain pass, and forbids digging bee pupa, the Pollinating Insects such as protection scoliid；
J, tea fruit harvests：Ground in woods is cleaned, harvesting is carried out and prepares, harvested respectively according to the maturity period of varieties of plant, the Frost's Descent
Seed, the Beginning of Winter seed are respectively preferably in " seven after first three " harvesting tea fruit of solar term, and maturity is higher, and oil content is also higher, and camellia oleifera fruit is ripe
Feature：Fruit color switchs to bluish yellow color, yellow by dark green, red or reddish yellow, peel smooth, hairless or few hair, and pericarp is micro-
Cracking, seed dark brown or shiny black color.
The embodiment of the present invention is given below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which is characterized in that include the following steps：A, forest land selects：Select height above sea level 800m or less light
According to sufficient tailo, half tailo, the gentle slope soil plantation of 25 ° of the gradient red soil or yellow-red soil below；
B, forest land is planned：According to landform and area, planning of science activities growing area and road, 3 meters of trunk road width, 1.5 meters of Zhi Gandao,
Gutter, setting cistern, settling pit and bank protection, the surrounding setting biology isolation in forest land is arranged in 0.8 meter of work road, forest-road both sides
Band, fire forest belt or ecological protection band；
C, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation, the outside height of ladder band, inside are low, and ring ditch or water storage ditch are dug in inside,
Deep width is 30 centimetres, and for length depending on landform, time of site preparation is September；
D, base manure of spreading manuer in holes is dug：Dig big cave, cave specification：40 centimetres of 60 cm x, 50 cm x, uses sufficient base manure, has been applied per cave bottom
1 kilogram of machine fertilizer returns soil and mixes thoroughly, then returns cubsoil, bankets higher than 5 centimetres of earth's surface, base manure applies for 1 month before planting；
E, planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, height of seedling 30cm, ground diameter 0.4cm or more, ball is complete, lateral root hair
It up to uniform, the seedling strain of not conglomeration, is planted at the cloudy day in December, each kind branch plants, and after main breed transplants 2 rows, plantation is matched
It is 1 row of kind, is beaten before bare-root seeding plantation, can be added appropriate root-growing agent, hestening rooting, when plantation will carries seedling and tread, Gai Song
Soil, 110 plants per acre of initial density in planting, 2 meters × 3 meters of seeding row spacing, after canopy, density is adjusted to 90 plants per acre, after plantation in time
It checks, dead strain of being short of seedling is found, with seedlings after-culture of the same age；
F, young growth is managed and protected：It hoes up weeds and loosens the soil：The weeds on horizontal ladder band, the preferably shallow hoe of treelet base portion, depth 5cm are removed, and expands cave training
Soil, slope surface split grass, tall and big weeds shrub is split it is short, clear up ring ditch, the time be 5-June；It applies fertilizers scientifically：Plantation current year 5-
Apply a small amount of urea or composite fertilizer June, other than 20 centimetres from base portion, every plant is no more than 1 liang, prevents burn seedlings, annual fertilising from the 2nd year
2 times, the tip rudiment of 2-spring in March, 5-June summer shoot sprout before top dressing, 2 liang/plant of composite fertilizer is stepped up fertilising every year later
Amount, ditching application, earthing, pruning on the inside of tree crown drip：Oil tea treelet height is more than to be done shaping surely after 0.8 meter,
Away from 50 centimeters cutting back trunk of interface, it is made to sprout new buds, selects and remain 3 culture major branches of side shoot of different direction, robust growth, it is secondary
Year continues to cultivate secondary major branch, cultivates side shoot group year by year, forms happy shape tree crown, and the trimming time is December.
G, it grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil is cultivated multiple：The shallow hoe of annual spring and summer 1 time, it is 5 centimetres deep, next year winter cultivate 1 time multiple, it is 20 lis deep
Rice；Cultivate deep-cut again can chesson, reduce pest and disease damage, promoting root growth unfolds, and increases yield；The rational application of fertilizer：Big tree fertilising 3 times, 2-3
Before the moon takes out tip foliation, every plant is applied 0.15 kilogram of urea, 0.1 kilogram of phosphorus potash fertilizer, and 5-spring in the June tips apply calcium superphosphate after stopping growing
0.2 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of potassium chloride, in 11-December, organic fertilizer or 2-5 kilograms of special fertilizer, bearing tree will be reinforced applying fertilizer, supply
Nutrition alleviates " biennial bearing " phenomenon, accomplishes Sustainable high yield；Trimming：Before being sprouted to the spring tip after camellia oleifera fruit harvesting, disease pest is wiped out
Branch, descending branch, intersects branch, interior thorax branch, thin and delicate branch, the long top tip of cutting back and base portion branch at the branch of excessive growth, accomplishes happy bright foot, right
Overstocked branch can be used support, draw, drag, keeps tree crown light abundant, ventilated；Water management：The supply of summer and autumn moisture is filled
Foot, forms conducive to grease, in forest land suitable for place, digs cistern, lays conduit pipe, to water when arid, improves yield；
H. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Oil tea pest and disease damage " will be prevented overweighting controlling ", taken based on tending technique, biology is anti-with drug
The comprehensive preventive health measures being combined is controlled, pays attention to leveling forest land, diseased plant, the disease fruit of landing, sick leaf is removed, trims overstocked branch in time
Item keeps ventilation and penetrating light in woods, the winter to cultivate summer shovel, kills worm pupa, or attracts natural enemy, discharges biological agent, is suited the medicine to the illness according to illness
Spray, the disease that oil tea mainly prevents is anthracnose, control method：First, combining Silvicultural Measures, pathogeny is removed, the biology that can raise chickens is caught
Worm；Second is that the 7-9 months of onset peak period, 2% tea bran water is added to spray 3-4 times with 1% Bordeaux mixture, or with Tuzet wettable powder
Even spray 4-5 times of 800 times of liquid of agent, 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid；The worm that oil tea mainly prevents be coccid, tea oecophorid and tea seed as
First；Tea oecophorid adult can use light trap, it is also possible to which 90% 500 times of metrifonate liquid injects limb and kills larva；To tea seed as
First can be slaughtered manually or spray 90% metrifonate 1000 and sprayed again；Coccid is in 40% flolimat, the 1000 times of liquid sprays of the 3-4 months
It kills；
I, Pollinating Insect is protected：Late October to December is oil tea florescence, should not fumigation, earth burning ash and sprinkling agriculture in woods
Medicine, the more hill of scoliid distribution are preferably sealed a mountain pass, and forbid digging bee pupa, the Pollinating Insects such as protection scoliid；
J, tea fruit harvests：Ground in woods is cleaned, harvesting is carried out and prepares, harvested respectively according to the maturity period of varieties of plant, the Frost's Descent
Seed, the Beginning of Winter seed are respectively preferably in " seven after first three " harvesting tea fruit of solar term, and maturity is higher, and oil content is also higher, and camellia oleifera fruit is ripe
Feature：Fruit color switchs to bluish yellow color, yellow by dark green, red or reddish yellow, peel smooth, hairless or few hair, and pericarp is micro-
Cracking, seed dark brown or shiny black color.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
B, forest land is planned：According to landform and area, planning of science activities growing area and road, 3.2 meters of trunk road width, Zhi Gandao 1.8
Rice, 1 meter of work road, forest-road both sides are arranged gutter, setting cistern, settling pit and bank protection, in forest land surrounding setting biology every
From band, fire forest belt or ecological protection band；
C, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation, the outside height of ladder band, inside are low, and ring ditch or water storage ditch are dug in inside,
Deep width is 28 centimetres, and for length depending on landform, time of site preparation is October；
D, base manure of spreading manuer in holes is dug：Dig big cave, cave specification：50 centimetres of 65 cm x, 60 cm x, uses sufficient base manure, per cave bottom Shi Dui
4 kilograms of short dung is macerated, soil is returned and mixes thoroughly, then return cubsoil, banket higher than 8 centimetres of earth's surface, base manure is applied for 1 month before planting
Enter；
E, planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, height of seedling 30cm, ground diameter 0.4cm or more, ball is complete, lateral root hair
It up to uniform, the seedling strain of not conglomeration, is planted at the cloudy day in January, each kind branch plants, and after main breed transplants 2 rows, plants disposition
1 row of kind will be beaten before bare-root seeding plantation, can be added appropriate root-growing agent, hestening rooting, and when plantation will carry seedling and tread, and lid loosens the soil,
100 plants per acre of initial density in planting, 2.2 meters × 3.2 meters of seeding row spacing, after canopy, density is adjusted to 80 plants per acre, after plantation in time
It checks, dead strain of being short of seedling is found, with seedlings after-culture of the same age；
F, young growth is managed and protected：It hoes up weeds and loosens the soil：The weeds on horizontal ladder band, the preferably shallow hoe of treelet base portion, depth 8cm are removed, and expands cave training
Soil, slope surface split grass, tall and big weeds shrub is split it is short, clear up ring ditch, the time be 9-October；It applies fertilizers scientifically：Plantation current year
5-June applied a small amount of urea, and other than 20 centimetres from base portion, every plant is no more than 1 liang, prevents burn seedlings, annual fertilising 3 times from the 2nd year,
The tip rudiment of 2-spring in March, 5-June summer shoot sprout before top dressing, 3 liang/plant of composite fertilizer is stepped up dose every year later,
Ditching application, earthing on the inside of tree crown drip, winter organic fertilizer 1 time, 8 kilograms of compost dig annular ditch deep placement；Pruning：
Oil tea treelet height is more than to be done shaping surely after 1 meter, away from 60 centimeters cutting back trunk of interface, so that it is sprouted new buds, selects and remain difference
The culture major branches of side shoot 4 in orientation, robust growth, next year continue to cultivate secondary major branch, cultivate side shoot group year by year, formed happy shape or
Globular model tree crown, trimming time are January.
G, it grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil is cultivated multiple：The shallow hoe of annual spring and summer 1 time, it is 8 centimetres deep, next year winter cultivate 1 time multiple, it is 25 lis deep
Rice；Cultivate deep-cut again can chesson, reduce pest and disease damage, promoting root growth unfolds, and increases yield；The rational application of fertilizer：Big tree fertilising 2 times, 2-3
Before the moon takes out tip foliation, every plant is applied 0.15 kilogram of urea, 0.1 kilogram of phosphorus potash fertilizer, and 5-spring in the June tips apply calcium superphosphate after stopping growing
0.2 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of potassium chloride；
Remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
B, forest land is planned：According to landform and area, planning of science activities growing area and road, 3.5 meters of trunk road width, 2 meters of Zhi Gandao,
Gutter, setting cistern, settling pit and bank protection, the surrounding setting biology isolation in forest land is arranged in 1 meter of work road, forest-road both sides
Band, fire forest belt or ecological protection band；
C, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation, the outside height of ladder band, inside are low, and ring ditch or water storage ditch are dug in inside,
Deep width is 30 centimetres, and for length depending on landform, time of site preparation is December；
D, base manure of spreading manuer in holes is dug：Dig big cave, cave specification：70 centimetres of 70 cm x, 70 cm x, uses sufficient base manure, has been applied per cave bottom
3 kilograms of machine fertilizer returns soil and mixes thoroughly, then returns cubsoil, bankets higher than 10 centimetres of earth's surface, base manure applies for 1 month before planting；
E, planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, height of seedling 30cm, ground diameter 0.4cm or more, ball is complete, lateral root hair
Up to uniform, the seedling strain of not conglomeration, in the plantation of 2 months cloudy days, each kind branch plants, and after main breed transplants 2 rows, plants disposition
1 row of kind will be beaten before bare-root seeding plantation, can be added appropriate root-growing agent, hestening rooting, and when plantation will carry seedling and tread, and lid loosens the soil,
100 plants per acre of initial density in planting, 2.5 meters × 3.5 meters of seeding row spacing, after canopy, density is adjusted to 70 plants per acre, after plantation in time
It checks, dead strain of being short of seedling is found, with seedlings after-culture of the same age；
F, young growth is managed and protected：It hoes up weeds and loosens the soil：The weeds on horizontal ladder band, the preferably shallow hoe of treelet base portion, depth 10cm are removed, and expands cave
Ridging, slope surface splits grass, tall and big weeds shrub is split short, clears up ring ditch, the time was 9-October；It applies fertilizers scientifically：Plantation current year
5-June applied a small amount of composite fertilizer, and other than 20 centimetres from base portion, every plant is no more than 1 liang, prevents burn seedlings, annual fertilising 3 from the 2nd year
It is secondary, before 2 liang/plant of urea is applied in the tip rudiment of 2-spring in March, 5-June, summer shoot was sprouted top dressing apply 3 liang/plant of composite fertilizer, later every year by
Step increases dose, ditching application, earthing on the inside of tree crown drip, and next year winter organic fertilizer 1 time, digs ring by 3 kilograms every plant
Shape ditch deep placement；Pruning：Oil tea treelet height is more than to be done shaping surely after 1 meter, away from 60 centimeters cutting back trunk of interface, makes it
It sprouts new buds, selects and remain 4 culture major branches of side shoot of different direction, robust growth, next year continues to cultivate secondary major branch, cultivates side year by year
Branch group forms happy shape or globular model tree crown, and the trimming time is 2 months.
G, it grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil is cultivated multiple：The shallow hoe of annual spring and summer 1 time, it is 10 centimetres deep, next year winter cultivate 1 time multiple, it is 30 lis deep
Rice；Cultivate deep-cut again can chesson, reduce pest and disease damage, promoting root growth unfolds, and increases yield；The rational application of fertilizer：Big tree fertilising 3 times, 2-3
Before the moon takes out tip foliation, every plant is applied 0.15 kilogram of urea, 0.1 kilogram of phosphorus potash fertilizer, and 5-spring in the June tips apply calcium superphosphate after stopping growing
0.2 kilogram, 0.1 kilogram of potassium chloride applies 5 kilograms of special fertilizer, can next year be applied according to growing state 1 time for 11-December；
Remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of implantation methods of oil tea, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A, forest land selects：Select tailo, half tailo of height above sea level 800m or less illumination abundances, 25 ° of red soil below of the gradient or yellow red
The gentle slope soil plantation of earth；
B, forest land is planned：According to landform and area, planning of science activities growing area and road, setting cistern, settling pit and bank protection,
The biological isolation strip of surrounding setting, fire forest belt or ecological protection band in forest land；
C, site preparation:Using along contour horizontal band-like site preparation, the outside height of ladder band, inside are low, and ring ditch or water storage ditch are dug in inside,
Deep width is 25-30 centimetres, and for length depending on landform, time of site preparation was 9-December；
D, base manure of spreading manuer in holes is dug：Dig big cave, cave specification：（60—70）Cm x（50—70）Cm x（40—70）Centimetre, it uses sufficient
Base manure returns soil and mixes thoroughly, then return cubsoil, fill out per 3-5 kilograms of the muck that 1-3 kilograms of cave bottom organic fertilizer or pile fermentation are crossed
Soil is higher than 5-10 centimetres of earth's surface, and base manure applies for 1 month before planting；
E, planting density：2 years raw breeding stalwartness bare-root seedings are selected, height of seedling 30cm, ground diameter 0.4cm or more, ball is complete, lateral root hair
Up to uniform, the seedling strain of not conglomeration, in December to 2 months cloudy days plantation, each kind branch plants, and main breed transplants 1-2 rows
Afterwards, 1 row of plantation disposition kind, 100-110 plants per acre of initial density in planting, seeding row spacing（2—2.5）Rice ×（3—3.5）Rice, tree crown are strongly fragrant
After closing, density is adjusted to 70-90 plants per acre, is checked in time after plantation, dead strain of being short of seedling is found, with seedlings after-culture of the same age；
F, young growth is managed and protected：Hoe up weeds loosen the soil, apply fertilizers scientifically, pruning；
G, it grows into forest and manages and protects：Soil cultivates the multiple, rational application of fertilizer, trimming, water management；
H. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:Oil tea pest and disease damage " will be prevented overweighting controlling ", taken based on tending technique, biology is anti-with drug
Control the comprehensive preventive health measures being combined；
I, Pollinating Insect is protected：Late October to December is oil tea florescence, avoids fumigation, earth burning ash and sprinkling agriculture in woods
Medicine, the more hill of scoliid distribution are forbidden digging bee pupa, the Pollinating Insects such as protection scoliid using sealing a mountain pass；
J, tea fruit harvests：Peel smooth, hairless or few hair, pericarp is crack to be split, and seed dark brown or shiny black color can harvest, root
It is harvested respectively according to the maturity period of varieties of plant, maturity is higher, and oil content is also higher.
2. by a kind of implantation methods of oil tea described in claim 1, it is characterised in that during the step F young growths are managed and protected：
It is described hoe up weeds loosen the soil be remove horizontal ladder band on weeds, the preferably shallow hoe of treelet base portion, 5-10cm of depth, and expand cave ridging,
Slope surface splits grass, and tall and big weeds shrub is split to short, cleaning ring ditch；
Described apply fertilizers scientifically is that seedling strain plantation applies a small amount of urea or composite fertilizer in 5-June of current year, other than 20 centimetres from base portion, every plant
No more than 1 liang, burn seedlings is prevented；Annual fertilising 2-3 times from 2nd year, the tip rudiment of 2-spring in March, 5-June summer shoot sprout before chase after
2-3 liang/plants of fertilizer, 1-2 liang of urea or composite fertilizer, are stepped up dose every year later, on the inside of tree crown drip ditching apply
Enter, earthing, next year winter organic fertilizer 1 time, 2-3 kilograms every plant or 5-10 kilograms of compost, digs annular ditch or crescentic groove deep placement；
The pruning is that oil tea treelet height is more than to be done shaping surely after 0.8 to 1 meter, away from 50-60 centimeters cutting back of interface
Trunk makes it sprout new buds, and selects and remain 3-5 culture major branches of side shoot of different direction, robust growth, and next year continues to cultivate secondary master
Branch cultivates side shoot group, forms happy shape or globular model tree crown year by year.
3. by a kind of implantation methods of oil tea described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the step G, which grows into forest, to be managed and protected：
The soil is cultivated multiple：The shallow hoe of annual spring and summer 1 time, it is 5-10 centimetres deep, next year winter cultivate 1 time multiple, it is 20-30 centimetres deep；
The rational application of fertilizer：Big tree fertilising 2-3 times, before 2-March took out tip foliation, every plant is applied 0.15 kilogram of urea, phosphorus potash fertilizer 0.1
Kilogram or 0.5 kilogram of composite fertilizer, 5-spring in the June tips apply 0.2 kilogram of calcium superphosphate after stopping growing, 0.1 kilogram of potassium chloride, 11-
2-5 kilograms of December, organic fertilizer or special fertilizer can next year be applied 1 time according to growing state；
The trimming：Before being sprouted to the spring tip after camellia oleifera fruit harvesting, wipes out sick branch, the branch of excessive growth, descending branch, intersects branch, interior thorax
Branch, thin and delicate branch, the long top tip of cutting back and base portion branch can be used support, draw, drag, keep tree crown light abundant to overstocked branch,
It is ventilated；
The water management：In forest land suitable for place, cistern is dug, conduit pipe is laid, to water when arid.
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| CN111466249A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-07-31 | 刘勇林 | Camellia oleifera planting method |
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Application publication date: 20181102 |