CN111066553A - Method for improving yield and quality of old citrus grandis fruits - Google Patents
Method for improving yield and quality of old citrus grandis fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066553A CN111066553A CN201910256906.2A CN201910256906A CN111066553A CN 111066553 A CN111066553 A CN 111066553A CN 201910256906 A CN201910256906 A CN 201910256906A CN 111066553 A CN111066553 A CN 111066553A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of citrus pomelo aged trees, which belongs to the technical field of fruit tree management and comprises the following steps: 1) when spring buds sprout, the whole tree is retracted and trimmed to a branch from three to four levels, a bactericide is sprayed for disinfection, and root cutting and fertilization are carried out; 2) before the spring shoots reach 5cm in length, all the spring shoots are erased; 3) applying the compound fertilizer in the first 7 th month, and cutting off the summer top in the last 7 th month; 4) after the summer shoots are cut short in the step 3), when 78-82% of old trees in the whole garden germinate and 78-82% of branches on each tree germinate, tip releasing is carried out; 5) after tip releasing, applying paclobutrazol and a foliar fertilizer; 6) applying organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer in the process of expanding holes and improving soil from 12 late ten days to 1 month. The method overcomes the problems of rare fruit bearing and quality reduction of old citrus pomelo trees for more than thirty years, can realize high yield in the next year, has obvious effects of increasing yield and improving quality, and has positive effects on promoting the development of the citrus pomelo industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree management, and particularly relates to a method for improving the yield and quality of citrus grandis old tree fruits.
Background
The tangelo combines the hybrid advantages of oranges and tangerines, has the sweetness of oranges, the faint scent of the tangerines, more juice and crisp meat, unique flavor, rich multiple vitamins and other nutrient substances needed by human bodies, is popular with consumers, has optimistic market price, has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield, high quality and storage durability, and has remarkable economic benefit for tangelo cultivation.
However, as the cultivation time is prolonged, the management measures are extensive, the pertinence and the systematicness are lacked, and the production problem of the old orange pomelo trees is highlighted: the crown grows gradually, the field management is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the fruit bearing of the tree body is sparse, the productivity is reduced, the fruit quality is gradually improved, particularly, the citrus grandis old trees with the age of over thirty years are weak, the yield is reduced, the fruits are small and the quality is poor, and the method is worried. If the trees are planed and the garden is built again, the income of many years is influenced. How to recover the productivity of old trees by a series of technical measures without additional cost investment, improve the yield and improve the quality is a technical difficulty which always troubles the citrus grandis planting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving the yield and quality of citrus grandis old tree fruits; the method can obviously improve the fruit bearing amount and the fruit bearing quality of the old orange pomelo trees.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the yield and quality of old orange trees comprises the following steps:
1) when spring buds sprout, the whole tree is retracted and trimmed to be branched to three to four levels, the height of the tree is controlled to be 1.5-1.7 m, and the crown width is controlled to be 2-2.5 m; after the retraction pruning, spraying a bactericide for disinfection, and breaking roots for fertilization;
2) before the spring shoots reach 5cm in length, all the spring shoots are erased;
3) applying the compound fertilizer in the first 7 th ten days, cutting off the summer top in the last 7 th ten days, wherein the length of the summer top is 70 percent less than 35cm, the length of the summer top is 50 percent 35-45 cm, and the length of the summer top is 30 percent more than 45 cm;
4) after the summer shoots are cut short, the branches sprout first, the buds of the branches which sprout first are erased for 1-2 times, and when 78-82% of old trees sprout in the whole garden, tips are placed when 78-82% of the branches on each tree sprout;
5) after the tip is released, paclobutrazol and a foliar fertilizer are applied;
6) applying organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer in the process of expanding holes and improving soil from 12 late ten days to 1 month.
Preferably, paraffin is coated on the saw cuts with the diameter of more than 10cm after the retraction trimming in the step 1).
Preferably, the bactericide in the step 1) is 29 wt% of lime sulfur aqua which is 100 times of the bactericide, and the spraying amount of the bactericide is 700-800 mL/mu.
Preferably, the root breaking fertilization in the step 1) is implemented by digging a fertilization ditch along one side of the citrus and pomelo tree planting rows for fertilization and performing root breaking; the depth of the broken root is 20-25 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 0.8-1.2 t/mu of organic fertilizer and 12.5-25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the paclobutrazol in the step 5) is 300 times of 15 wt% paclobutrazol wettable powder; the application amount of the paclobutrazol is 416-500 g/mu.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises 0.2 to 0.3 weight percent of monopotassium phosphate; the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 250-375 g/mu.
Preferably, in the step 6), the pesticide and the bactericide are applied while the foliar fertilizer is applied.
Preferably, the microelement fertilizer is a boron-zinc-iron-magnesium fertilizer.
Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 t/mu; the application amount of the trace element fertilizer is 15-25 kg/mu.
Preferably, after the step 6), 29 wt% of lime sulphur aqua which is 75 times of the lime sulphur aqua is sprayed for 1 time, and the using amount of the agent is 800-1200 mL/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for improving the yield and quality of the citrus pomelo old tree fruits, the retraction trimming is carried out when spring shoots sprout; when the spring shoots do not exceed 5cm, all the spring shoots are erased, and summer shoots are reserved and used as base branches of the autumn shoot bearing mother branches; short cutting the summer tips in late 7 months, promoting the growth of the autumn tips, uniformly putting the tips, and combining with fertilizer and water application to strengthen the bearing mother branches of the autumn tips and promote the flower bud differentiation; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed to promote the growth of new shoots and strong. The method can effectively reduce the crown of the old orange pomelo tree, is convenient for field management, overcomes the problems of rare fruit bearing and quality reduction of the old orange pomelo tree for more than thirty years, can realize high yield in the next year, has obvious yield increasing and quality improving effects, and has positive effects on promoting the development of the orange pomelo industry. According to the description of the embodiment, by adopting the method, the height of the old orange trees is reduced by 26.67%, the yield is improved by 29.6%, and the soluble solid is improved by 0.57%.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of citrus grandis old tree fruits, which comprises the following steps: 1) when spring buds sprout, the whole tree is retracted and trimmed to be branched to three to four levels, the height of the tree is controlled to be 1.5-1.7 m, and the crown width is controlled to be 2-2.5 m; after the retraction pruning, spraying a bactericide for disinfection, and breaking roots for fertilization; 2) before the spring shoots reach 5cm in length, all the spring shoots are erased; 3) applying the compound fertilizer in the first 7 th ten days, cutting off the summer top in the last 7 th ten days, wherein the length of the summer top is 70 percent less than 35cm, the length of the summer top is 50 percent 35-45 cm, and the length of the summer top is 30 percent more than 45 cm; 4) after the summer shoots are cut short, strong branches sprout first, buds of the strong branches which sprout first are erased for 1-2 times, and shoots are released when 78-82% of old trees sprout in the whole garden and 78-82% of branches of each tree sprout; 5) after the tip is released, paclobutrazol and a foliar fertilizer are applied; 6) applying organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer in the process of expanding holes and improving soil from 12 late ten days to 1 month.
In the invention, when spring buds sprout, the whole tree is retracted and trimmed to a branch from three to four levels, the height of the tree is controlled to be 1.5-1.7 m, and the crown width is controlled to be 2-2.5 m; and after the retraction pruning, spraying a bactericide for disinfection, and breaking roots for fertilization. In the present invention, the time when the spring bud germinates is determined according to different regions, for example, in the area built by Fujian province, preferably in the middle of 3 months; when the spring bud sprouts, the sap starts to flow. The invention carries out retraction pruning on the whole tree to three to four branches. The method of the retraction trimming of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a conventional retraction trimming method in the art may be used. The middle upright branch is preferably pulled outwards, so that the height of the tree is ensured to be 1.5-1.7 m. In the present invention, paraffin is preferably applied to the kerf of the retracted trimmed branches with the diameter of more than 10cm to protect the kerf. In the invention, the bactericide is preferably a 29 wt% lime sulfur aqua which is 100 times of the bactericide, and the spraying amount of the bactericide is preferably 700-800 mL/mu, more preferably 750 mL/mu; the invention has no special requirement on the spraying method of the bactericide, and the spraying method of the conventional bactericide in the field is adopted. The invention sprays the bactericide at the moment to disinfect the whole tree after the shrinkage and pruning, and prevents and treats the microorganism infection. After the retraction pruning, the method also performs root breaking fertilization, wherein the root breaking fertilization is preferably performed by digging a fertilization ditch along one side of the citrus and pomelo tree planting rows and performing root breaking. The depth of the broken root is preferably 20-25 cm, and more preferably 21-24 cm; the amount of the fertilizer is preferably 0.8-1.2 t/mu of organic fertilizer and 12.5-25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer; more preferably 1 t/mu of organic fertilizer and 18-20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer. The invention has no special limitation on the types of the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and can be realized by adopting the conventional organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer in the field.
In the invention, all spring shoots are erased before the spring shoots reach 5cm in length. In the invention, the whole tree is erased in spring, the germinated summer shoot is reserved as the base branch of the mother branch for the autumn shoot result, and a crown structure mainly comprising the summer shoot and the autumn shoot is formed.
In the invention, the compound fertilizer is applied in the first 7 th ten days, the summer tip is cut short in the last 7 th ten days, the length of the summer tip is less than 70 percent of the length of 35cm, the length of the summer tip is 50 percent of the length of 35-45 cm, and the length of the summer tip is more than 30 percent of the length of 45 cm. In the invention, the compound fertilizer is preferably a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer; the application amount of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is preferably 1 kg/mu, and water supply is preferably guaranteed during the application of the compound fertilizer. According to the invention, the summer shoots are cut short, so that the bud eye germination of the summer shoots can be promoted.
After the summer shoots are cut short, strong branches sprout first, buds of the strong branches which sprout first are erased for 1-2 times, and when 78-82% of old trees sprout in the whole garden, tips are placed when 78-82% of the branches of each tree sprout; in the present invention, it is preferable to sprout 80% of the old trees in the whole garden and to perform shoot setting when 80% of the shoot of each tree sprouts.
After the tip is released, paclobutrazol and foliar fertilizer are applied. In the present invention, the paclobutrazol is preferably 300 times of 15 wt% paclobutrazol wettable powder; the application amount of the paclobutrazol is preferably 416-500 g/mu. In the invention, the foliar fertilizer preferably comprises 0.2 to 0.3 weight percent of monopotassium phosphate; the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is preferably 250-375 g/mu. In the invention, the insecticide and the bactericide are applied while the foliar fertilizer is applied. In the invention, the pesticide is preferably 3000 times liquid of 5 wt% of lufenuron methyl, and the application amount of the lufenuron methyl is preferably 45-55 g/mu, and more preferably 50 g/mu; the bactericide is preferably 80 wt% mancozeb 600-fold liquid or 10 wt% difenoconazole 1500-fold liquid; the application amount of the 80 wt% mancozeb 600-fold liquid is preferably 230-280 g/mu, and more preferably 250 g/mu; the application amount of the 10 wt% difenoconazole 1500-fold liquid is preferably 80-120 g/mu, and more preferably 100 g/mu. In the invention, the pesticide and the bactericide are applied to prevent anthracnose, brown spot, leaf miner and the like and promote the growth of young shoots.
In the invention, organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer are applied in the process of expanding holes and improving soil from late 12 months to 1 month. The invention has no special requirements on the concrete operation of hole expanding and soil improving, and the conventional hole expanding and soil improving in the field can be adopted. In the hole-expanding and soil-improving process, organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer are applied; the microelement fertilizer is preferably a boron-zinc-iron-magnesium fertilizer; the application amount of the microelement fertilizer is preferably 15-25 kg/mu, and more preferably 20 kg/mu. The source and specification of the boron-zinc-iron-magnesium fertilizer are not specially limited, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be adopted. In the invention, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 0.8-1.2 t/mu, and more preferably 1 t/mu. The invention aims to provide nutrition for citrus grandis and promote the yield of the citrus grandis in the next year by applying organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer.
After the organic fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are applied, preferably, 29 wt% of lime sulphur mixture agent which is 75 times of the lime sulphur mixture agent is sprayed for 1 time in the garden cleaning process, and the using amount of the lime sulphur mixture agent is preferably 800-1200 mL/mu, and more preferably 1000 mL/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Before the method of the invention is used: the height of the crown of a 30-year old orange and pomelo tree is 3.0m, the crown width is 2.90m, the yield per plant is 56.70 kg, the yield per mu is 3572.1 kg, and the soluble solid is 12.50%. The data are the average of orchard sampling measurements, and the random sampling number n is 5.
Step 1: when spring buds sprout in the middle ten days of 3 months, the whole tree retracts and is trimmed to three to four levels of branches, the middle upright branch is pulled open, the height of the tree is controlled to be 1.5-1.7 m, the crown width is controlled to be 2-2.5 m, a large saw cut with the diameter of more than 10cm after trimming is protected by a paraffin coating port, the whole tree is sprayed with 100 times of 29 percent lime sulphur water aqua for 1 time, the dosage is 750ml per mu, and meanwhile, root breaking fertilization is matched; digging fertilizing ditches at one side of the planting rows, cutting off horizontal roots on the surface layer of part of the planting rows, wherein the root cutting depth is 20-25 cm, and applying 1t of organic fertilizer and 19kg of compound fertilizer in each mu of ditches.
Step 2: when the spring shoots grow to 1-3 small leaves, the leaves are completely removed when the length is not more than 5cm, and the summer shoots are reserved as base branches of the autumn shoot fruiting mother branches.
And step 3: 1kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to the plants in the first 7 th month, summer tips are cut in the last 7 th month, the summer tip short cut length is less than 70% of 35cm, the summer tip short cut length is 50% of 35-45 cm, the summer tip short cut length is more than 30% of 45cm, and autumn tips are promoted;
step 4: in the last ten days of 8 months, the tips are put uniformly after 80% of the tips germinate.
And 5: spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 300 times of the amount of which is 416-500 g per mu after the autumn tips grow from the self-shearing, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate in a matched mode, using 300g per mu of fertilizer, preventing the late autumn tips from happening, and enabling the late autumn tips to smoothly enter a flower bud differentiation period;
step 6: in winter (12 ten days later than month-1 month), hole expanding and soil improving are combined, organic fertilizer is applied for 1t per mu, and 20kg of boron-zinc-iron-magnesium fertilizer is applied in cooperation, so that high yield in the next year is guaranteed.
After the spring shoots are erased and the summer shoots and the autumn shoots germinate, spraying 600 times of bactericide 80% mancozeb by combining with leaf fertilizer, wherein the dosage per mu is 250g, the pesticide 5% lufenuron 3000 times is 50g, and the dosage per mu is used for preventing and treating anthracnose, brown spot, leaf miner and the like and promoting the growth of new shoots; spraying 29 percent lime sulphur aqua which is 75 times of that of lime sulphur aqua in winter in combination with garden cleaning for 1 time, wherein the dosage per mu is 1000 mL.
After the method is used, the height of the tree crown is reduced to 2.20m, the crown width is reduced to 2.90m, the yield per plant is 73.50 kg, the yield per mu is 4630.50 kg, and the soluble solid is 13.07 percent. Therefore, the tree height is reduced by 26.67%, the yield is improved by 29.6%, and the soluble solids are improved by 0.57% after the method is used.
Aiming at the problems of rare fruit bearing and quality reduction of old citrus fruit trees for more than thirty years, the method can effectively reduce the crown of the old citrus fruit trees, is convenient for field management, recovers the tree vigor, improves the yield and the quality, and has a positive effect on promoting the development of the citrus fruit industry.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the yield and quality of old orange trees comprises the following steps:
1) when spring buds sprout, the whole tree is retracted and trimmed to be branched to three to four levels, the height of the tree is controlled to be 1.5-1.7 m, and the crown width is controlled to be 2-2.5 m; after the retraction pruning, spraying a bactericide for disinfection, and breaking roots for fertilization;
2) before the spring shoots reach 5cm in length, all the spring shoots are erased;
3) applying the compound fertilizer in the first 7 th ten days, cutting off the summer top in the last 7 th ten days, wherein the length of the summer top is 70 percent less than 35cm, the length of the summer top is 50 percent 35-45 cm, and the length of the summer top is 30 percent more than 45 cm;
4) after the summer shoots are cut short, the branches sprout first, the buds of the branches which sprout first are erased for 1-2 times, and when 78-82% of old trees sprout in the whole garden, tips are placed when 78-82% of the branches on each tree sprout;
5) after the tip is released, paclobutrazol and a foliar fertilizer are applied;
6) applying organic fertilizer and microelement fertilizer in the process of expanding holes and improving soil from 12 late ten days to 1 month.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the retraction trimming in step 1) paraffin is applied to the kerf with a diameter > 10 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bactericide in step 1) is a 29 wt% lime sulfur aqua which is 100 times of the bactericide, and the spraying amount of the bactericide is 700-800 mL/mu.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the root breaking fertilization in the step 1) is implemented by digging a fertilization ditch along one side of the citrus pomelo tree planting rows and breaking the roots; the depth of the broken root is 20-25 cm; the fertilizer application amount is 0.8-1.2 t/mu of organic fertilizer and 12.5-25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paclobutrazol in the step 5) is 300 times of 15 wt% paclobutrazol wettable powder; the application amount of the paclobutrazol is 416-500 g/mu.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar feed comprises 0.2 to 0.3 wt% of monopotassium phosphate; the application amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 250-375 g/mu.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein step 6) is carried out by applying the insecticide and the fungicide simultaneously with the application of the foliar fertilizer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the trace element fertilizer is a boron zinc iron magnesium fertilizer.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 t/mu; the application amount of the trace element fertilizer is 15-25 kg/mu.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the step 6), 29 wt% lime sulphur aqua which is 75 times of the weight of the lime sulphur is sprayed for 1 time, and the using amount of the agent is 800-1200 mL/mu.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910256906.2A CN111066553B (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-04-01 | Method for improving yield and quality of old citrus grandis fruits |
| ZA2019/06972A ZA201906972B (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-10-23 | Method for improving yield and quality of old tangelo fruit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910256906.2A CN111066553B (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-04-01 | Method for improving yield and quality of old citrus grandis fruits |
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| CN111066553A true CN111066553A (en) | 2020-04-28 |
| CN111066553B CN111066553B (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069472A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency |
| CN107409926A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-01 | 李光全 | A kind of cultural method of navel orange |
| CN109348954A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-19 | 娄底市佰利农业科技有限公司 | The cultivation technique of tangerine shaddock |
-
2019
- 2019-04-01 CN CN201910256906.2A patent/CN111066553B/en active Active
- 2019-10-23 ZA ZA2019/06972A patent/ZA201906972B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069472A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of method solving aged closing macadimia nut garden low yield poor efficiency |
| CN107409926A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-01 | 李光全 | A kind of cultural method of navel orange |
| CN109348954A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-19 | 娄底市佰利农业科技有限公司 | The cultivation technique of tangerine shaddock |
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| 薛卫平: "提高石屏县柑橘园区生产技术水平的途径 ", 《云南农业》 * |
| 钟少清: "砂糖桔成年结果树管理技术要点 ", 《广西园艺》 * |
| 魏学贵: "山地柑桔低产园改造技术 ", 《柑桔与亚热带果树信息》 * |
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| ZA201906972B (en) | 2020-08-26 |
| CN111066553B (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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