CN110249950B - Method for improving peanut yield by prolonging peanut growth period - Google Patents
Method for improving peanut yield by prolonging peanut growth period Download PDFInfo
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- CN110249950B CN110249950B CN201910519629.XA CN201910519629A CN110249950B CN 110249950 B CN110249950 B CN 110249950B CN 201910519629 A CN201910519629 A CN 201910519629A CN 110249950 B CN110249950 B CN 110249950B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving peanut yield by prolonging the growth period of peanuts, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting sandy land for deep ploughing and irrigating, and applying farmyard manure acres and compound fertilizer acres to the soil; (2) normally planting peanuts after soil improvement, topdressing in the next-day flowering period of the peanuts, and watering and irrigating root soil every day; (3) topdressing and killing insects again after the peanuts enter the podding period; (4) after the peanuts are full of fruits, removing yellow and aged leaves of the peanuts, digging holes at the periphery of the peanut roots to form picking holes at the peanut roots, picking off the ripe and full peanuts, then adding decomposed poultry and livestock manure and plant ash into the picking holes, covering the picking holes, and applying active fertilizer to the soil at the peanut roots. The soil is reformed to facilitate the growth of the peanuts, the development of the fruits is promoted by multiple topdressing in the acoustic growth process, the mature fruits and the aged leaves are firstly removed when the peanuts enter the aging stage, the regrowth of the peanuts is promoted through the active fertilizer, the development of the rest young fruits is facilitated, and therefore the yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting, in particular to a method for improving peanut yield by prolonging the growth period of peanuts.
Background
Peanuts are important oil crops and economic crops in China, and are one of a large number of export-earning-exchange crop varieties with international market competitiveness in China, the national planting area and the yield account for the second place in the world, the conventional planting method at present is not scientific, continuous cropping is carried out for many years, field management is extensive, these factors all affect the yield and quality of peanuts, and unreasonable management is not beneficial to the growth and development of the peanuts, and when the peanuts enter the pod bearing period and the full fruit period, the peanuts can not obtain effective nutrition and can quickly enter the aging period, so that the components of the peanut fruits cannot be developed, one part of the finally picked fruits is ripe, the other part of the fruits is still in a white young fruit state, the white young fruits are not developed completely and cannot be eaten, so that the yield of peanuts is reduced and waste is brought, and therefore, a method for improving the yield of peanuts by prolonging the growth period of the peanuts is proposed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the problems of the background art mentioned above by providing a method for increasing the yield of peanuts by prolonging the growth period of the peanuts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving the yield of peanuts by prolonging the growth period of the peanuts, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-planting soil improvement
Selecting sandy soil to deeply turn over and irrigate, applying 800 kg of farmyard manure and 30-40kg of compound fertilizer per mu to the soil when water is evaporated until the water content of the soil is 50%, deeply turning over and irrigating the soil again, covering a layer of rice straw on the soil after the next day, and covering a layer of coarse sand and ceramsite on the rice straw;
(2) management of peanut flowering and fruiting period
Normally planting peanuts after soil improvement, pulling out weeds on the soil at the roots of the peanuts before the flowering period of the peanuts, and adding 5-10 kg/mu of urea and 3-5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; when the peanuts enter the next-crop period, 5 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate and 0.5 kg/mu of boron fertilizer are added to the soil of the flower root, and the soil surface layer of the root is turned; watering and irrigating root soil every day in the flowering period and the growth period of peanuts to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(3) peanut pod bearing period management
After the peanuts enter the podding period, 15 kg/mu of urea and 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are additionally fertilized at the roots of the peanuts, a mancozeb solution with the concentration of 0.15% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the peanuts to kill the insects and prevent dead seedlings, and the peanuts are watered every day to keep the water content of the soil between 50% and 60%;
(4) management of peanuts after full period
After the peanuts enter a full-fruit period, removing yellow and aging leaves of the peanuts, digging holes at the periphery of the peanut roots to form picking holes at the peanut roots, picking off the ripe and full peanuts through the picking holes, then adding decomposed livestock manure and plant ash into the picking holes, filling the picking holes with original soil, and finally applying active fertilizer to the soil at the peanut roots to prolong the growth period of the peanuts.
In a preferable embodiment, in the step (1), the farmyard manure is prepared by high-temperature aerobic composting of livestock manure and crop straws, the compound fertilizer is urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is more than or equal to 35%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing potassium sulfate and plant ash according to a mass ratio of 3:2, and the boron fertilizer is boric acid.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the decomposed livestock manure and the plant ash are mixed according to a mass ratio of 20:3 and then filled into the picking holes, and the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120-130 parts of urea, 30-45 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-20 parts of magnesium oxide, 10-20 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of fish meal and 220 parts of water.
In a preferred embodiment, the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 124 parts of urea, 35 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23 parts of potassium sulfate, 13 parts of magnesium oxide, 14 parts of calcium phosphate, 7 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of fish meal and 210 parts of water
In a preferred embodiment, the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 127 parts of urea, 40 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 27 parts of potassium sulfate, 16 parts of magnesium oxide, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 9 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of fish meal and 215 parts of water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. as peanuts are crops which bloom on the ground and bear fruits underground, the sandy land is deeply ploughed, watered and fertilized for nutrition transformation, and rice straws, coarse sand and ceramsite are covered on the surface of the soil, so that the ventilation and water permeability of the upper layer of the soil is good, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the peanuts can conveniently enter the soil and be combined with root systems to generate fruits in the later period, the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of the lower layer of the soil is strong, the heat capacity is high, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil are coordinated and unified, the growth of the peanuts and the development of pods are facilitated, the vitality of the peanuts is enhanced, and the fruit hypoplasia caused by the rapid aging of the peanuts is avoided;
2. weeds are removed and topdressed before the flowering period of the peanuts, the flowering rate of the peanuts is improved, the fertilization effect is improved, topdressing is performed again and the surface soil is turned in the next-day period, so that the peanuts can enter the soil after being placed in the next day, sufficient moisture is kept, the peanuts can be fruited conveniently, and meanwhile, the potassium fertilizer and the boron fertilizer promote root development and facilitate growth of the peanuts;
3. a large amount of calcium fertilizer is added in the peanut pod bearing period to promote the transportation of protein and other organic nutrients to peanut kernels, so that the rate of empty shells is reduced, the pod angle plumpness rate is improved, the yield is increased, the integrity of cytoplasmic membranes is kept, the extravasation of pathogenic nutrients such as reducing sugar, amino acid and the like is reduced, the extension of fungal hyphae with cell wall substances is hindered, enzymes which damage the cytoplasmic membranes are difficult to generate by hyphae are inhibited, the occurrence of peanut diseases is reduced, the peanut plants are killed by combining with the external application of mancozeb solution, the aging speed of the peanut plants is reduced, the peanut production is prolonged, and the fruit development is facilitated;
4. after the full-bearing period of the peanuts, in order to fully develop the peanuts, the aged leaves are removed, the mature fruits among the picking holes are picked, the germination of the mature fruits is avoided, decomposed poultry and livestock manure and plant ash are added, large, medium and trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur and the like are provided for the peanuts by combining with an active fertilizer, humic acid which is an active agent with complexing and chelating functions is combined, the nutrients are favorably presented in an active state, the regrowth of the peanuts is promoted, the aging period of the peanuts is delayed, the nutrition is continuously provided for the rest young fruits, and finally the fruits are completely developed, so that the yield of the peanuts is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for improving the yield of peanuts by prolonging the growth period of the peanuts, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-planting soil improvement
Selecting sandy soil to deeply turn over and irrigate, applying 850 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to the soil when water is evaporated until the water content of the soil is 50%, deeply turning over and irrigating the soil again, covering a layer of rice straw on the soil after the next day, and covering a layer of coarse sand and ceramsite on the rice straw;
(2) management of peanut flowering and fruiting period
Normally planting peanuts after soil improvement, pulling out weeds on the soil at the roots of the peanuts before the flowering period of the peanuts, and adding 6 kg/mu of urea and 4 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; when the peanuts enter the next-crop period, 5 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate and 0.5 kg/mu of boron fertilizer are added to the soil of the flower root, and the soil surface layer of the root is turned; watering and irrigating root soil every day in the flowering period and the growth period of peanuts to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(3) peanut pod bearing period management
After the peanuts enter the podding period, 15 kg/mu of urea and 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are additionally fertilized at the roots of the peanuts, a mancozeb solution with the concentration of 0.15% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the peanuts to kill the insects and prevent dead seedlings, and the peanuts are watered every day to keep the water content of the soil between 50% and 60%;
(4) management of peanuts after full period
After the peanuts enter a full-fruit period, removing yellow and aging leaves of the peanuts, digging holes at the periphery of the peanut roots to form picking holes at the peanut roots, picking off the ripe and full peanuts through the picking holes, then adding decomposed livestock manure and plant ash into the picking holes, filling the picking holes with original soil, and finally applying active fertilizer to the soil at the peanut roots to prolong the growth period of the peanuts.
In a preferable embodiment, in the step (1), the farmyard manure is prepared by high-temperature aerobic composting of livestock manure and crop straws, the compound fertilizer is urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is more than or equal to 35%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing potassium sulfate and plant ash according to a mass ratio of 3:2, and the boron fertilizer is boric acid.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the decomposed livestock manure and the plant ash are mixed according to a mass ratio of 20:3 and then filled into the picking holes, and the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 124 parts of urea, 35 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23 parts of potassium sulfate, 13 parts of magnesium oxide, 14 parts of calcium phosphate, 7 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of fish meal and 210 parts of water.
Example two
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for improving the yield of peanuts by prolonging the growth period of the peanuts, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-planting soil improvement
Selecting sandy soil to deeply turn over and irrigate, applying 950 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 35 kg/mu of compound fertilizer to the soil when water is evaporated until the water content of the soil is 50%, deeply turning over and irrigating the soil again, covering a layer of rice straw on the soil after the next day, and covering a layer of coarse sand and ceramsite on the rice straw;
(2) management of peanut flowering and fruiting period
Normally planting peanuts after soil improvement, pulling out weeds on the soil at the roots of the peanuts before the flowering period of the peanuts, and adding 8 kg/mu of urea and 5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; when the peanuts enter the next-crop period, 5 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate and 0.5 kg/mu of boron fertilizer are added to the soil of the flower root, and the soil surface layer of the root is turned; watering and irrigating root soil every day in the flowering period and the growth period of peanuts to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(3) peanut pod bearing period management
After the peanuts enter the podding period, 15 kg/mu of urea and 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are additionally fertilized at the roots of the peanuts, a mancozeb solution with the concentration of 0.15% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the peanuts to kill the insects and prevent dead seedlings, and the peanuts are watered every day to keep the water content of the soil between 50% and 60%;
(4) management of peanuts after full period
After the peanuts enter a full-fruit period, removing yellow and aging leaves of the peanuts, digging holes at the periphery of the peanut roots to form picking holes at the peanut roots, picking off the ripe and full peanuts through the picking holes, then adding decomposed livestock manure and plant ash into the picking holes, filling the picking holes with original soil, and finally applying active fertilizer to the soil at the peanut roots to prolong the growth period of the peanuts.
In a preferable embodiment, in the step (1), the farmyard manure is prepared by high-temperature aerobic composting of livestock manure and crop straws, the compound fertilizer is urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is more than or equal to 35%.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (2), the potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing potassium sulfate and plant ash according to a mass ratio of 3:2, and the boron fertilizer is boric acid.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (4), the decomposed livestock manure and the plant ash are mixed according to a mass ratio of 20:3 and then filled into the picking holes, and the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 127 parts of urea, 40 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 27 parts of potassium sulfate, 16 parts of magnesium oxide, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 9 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of fish meal and 215 parts of water.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the yield of peanuts by prolonging the growth period of the peanuts, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-planting soil improvement
Selecting sandy soil to deeply turn over and irrigate, applying 800 kg of farmyard manure and 30-40kg of compound fertilizer per mu to the soil when water is evaporated until the water content of the soil is 50%, deeply turning over and irrigating the soil again, covering a layer of rice straw on the soil after the next day, and covering a layer of coarse sand and ceramsite on the rice straw;
(2) management of peanut flowering and fruiting period
Normally planting peanuts after soil improvement, pulling out weeds on the soil at the roots of the peanuts before the flowering period of the peanuts, and adding 5-10 kg/mu of urea and 3-5 kg/mu of potash fertilizer; when the peanuts enter the next-crop period, 5 kg/mu of ammonium phosphate and 0.5 kg/mu of boron fertilizer are added to the soil of the flower root, and the soil surface layer of the root is turned; watering and irrigating root soil every day in the flowering period and the growth period of peanuts to keep the water content of the soil at 60-70%;
(3) peanut pod bearing period management
After the peanuts enter the podding period, 15 kg/mu of urea and 7 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate are additionally fertilized at the roots of the peanuts, a mancozeb solution with the concentration of 0.15% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the peanuts to kill the insects and prevent dead seedlings, and the peanuts are watered every day to keep the water content of the soil between 50% and 60%;
(4) management of peanuts after full period
After the peanuts enter a full-fruit period, removing yellow and aging leaves of the peanuts, digging holes at the periphery of the peanut roots to form picking holes at the peanut roots, picking off the ripe and full peanuts through the picking holes, then adding decomposed livestock manure and plant ash into the picking holes, covering the picking holes with original soil, and finally applying active fertilizer to the soil at the peanut roots to prolong the growth period of the peanuts;
wherein, in the step (1), the farmyard manure is prepared by high-temperature aerobic composting of livestock manure and crop straws, the compound fertilizer is urea, ammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the content of available nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 35 percent;
in the step (2), the potassium fertilizer is formed by mixing potassium sulfate and plant ash according to the mass ratio of 3:2, and the boron fertilizer is boric acid.
2. A method of increasing peanut yield by extending the growth period of peanuts as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step (4), the decomposed livestock manure and the plant ash are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20:3 and then filled into a picking hole, and the vigor fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 120-130 parts of urea, 30-45 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 10-20 parts of magnesium oxide, 10-20 parts of calcium phosphate, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of fish meal and 220 parts of water.
3. A method of increasing peanut yield by extending the growth period of peanuts as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 124 parts of urea, 35 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 23 parts of potassium sulfate, 13 parts of magnesium oxide, 14 parts of calcium phosphate, 7 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of fish meal and 210 parts of water.
4. A method of increasing peanut yield by extending the growth period of peanuts as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the active fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 127 parts of urea, 40 parts of phosphorus pentoxide, 27 parts of potassium sulfate, 16 parts of magnesium oxide, 17 parts of calcium phosphate, 9 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of fish meal and 215 parts of water.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472135A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-04-01 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Planting method of Tianfu 3 peanut |
| CN105837289A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | A water-fertilizer-integrated special-purpose fertilizer set meal for peanut |
| CN106922347A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-07 | 钱灿星 | A kind of high yield peanut cultivation method |
| CN107493920A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 界首市俊良种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method for peanut high yield |
| CN109122169A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-04 | 蚌埠农兴现代农业专业合作社 | A kind of method of growth period soil fertilizer and water management enhancing peanut quality |
| CN109122168A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-04 | 蚌埠农兴现代农业专业合作社 | One interplants the fertilizing method of sesame with cultivating peanut |
-
2019
- 2019-06-17 CN CN201910519629.XA patent/CN110249950B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104472135A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-04-01 | 安徽省龙海种业有限公司 | Planting method of Tianfu 3 peanut |
| CN105837289A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | A water-fertilizer-integrated special-purpose fertilizer set meal for peanut |
| CN106922347A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-07 | 钱灿星 | A kind of high yield peanut cultivation method |
| CN107493920A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 界首市俊良种植专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method for peanut high yield |
| CN109122169A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-04 | 蚌埠农兴现代农业专业合作社 | A kind of method of growth period soil fertilizer and water management enhancing peanut quality |
| CN109122168A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2019-01-04 | 蚌埠农兴现代农业专业合作社 | One interplants the fertilizing method of sesame with cultivating peanut |
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