CN109548596B - Method for cultivating high SOD active corn - Google Patents
Method for cultivating high SOD active corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN109548596B CN109548596B CN201811610459.8A CN201811610459A CN109548596B CN 109548596 B CN109548596 B CN 109548596B CN 201811610459 A CN201811610459 A CN 201811610459A CN 109548596 B CN109548596 B CN 109548596B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention relates to a high SOD active corn and its cultivating method, which comprises the following steps: planting corn in soil with mixed base fertilizer comprising copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and SOD waste residue, spraying the mixed fertilizer of copper fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on the root before and after the large horn-mouth period of corn growth, and spraying nutrient solution rich in SOD on the leaf surface. The method can promote the synthesis of SOD by plant itself by applying Cu-Zn microelement fertilizer scientifically and reasonably. The SOD activity of the corn planted according to the method is improved by 38.5 percent to the maximum extent, and the fertilizer related in the method has simple preparation process, no special requirement on soil and low operation cost, and can be widely applied to the planting process of grain crops such as corn and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of corn cultivation, in particular to high-SOD-activity corn and a cultivation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of society, people not only have continuously increased demands on materials, but also have continuously increased concerns and demands on health. The rise of the major health industry has now attracted a great deal of attention, this concept also relating to various aspects of the garment and household, particularly the "eating" aspect.
Corn, as one of the three major crops in the world, has a very wide planting area and rich nutritional value, and is one of energy and nutritional sources for human and animal survival. Corn, a common crop, is researched by a great number of researchers every year, but the research is mainly directed to the research on the yield per unit area, the disease and pest resistance and the stress resistance of various corn varieties and the research on the aspects of subsequent deep processing and deep application of the corn, but the research on the improvement of the nutritional value of the corn or the improvement of the content of a specific nutritional component in the corn in the planting process is relatively less (such as the famous high-lysine corn). Therefore, the development of the corn with special nutrient components not only can enrich the variety of the corn, but also is beneficial to the development of the planting mode and the planting technology of crops in the vertical direction.
SOD is a protease which can efficiently remove harmful substances such as various free radicals, anions and the like generated by organisms in the metabolic process, and has the effects of resisting aging, enhancing the immunity of human bodies, relieving rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis, and improving and eliminating sub-health. Therefore, the corn with high SOD content is obtained, which is beneficial to improving the special nutritive value of the corn and is beneficial to the human health. Meanwhile, the method is also beneficial to providing high-quality raw materials for plant SOD extractors which take corn as an extraction raw material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the corn with high SOD activity and the cultivation method thereof, and the cultivation method has the advantages of convenient operation, high production efficiency and easy industrialization.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a cultivation method of high SOD active corn, which comprises the following steps: planting corn in soil with mixed base fertilizer comprising copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and SOD waste residue, spraying the mixed fertilizer of copper fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on the root before and after the large horn-mouth period of corn growth, and spraying nutrient solution rich in SOD on the leaf surface.
The invention obtains the corn with high SOD activity by applying inorganic salt fertilizers such as copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and the like before the seeding of the corn and before and after the key large horn mouth period of the growth of the corn.
The invention also provides the high SOD active corn cultivated by the cultivation method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention supplements fertilizers required by SOD synthesis, such as copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, leftovers rich in SOD and the like, in time before the seeding of corns and before and after the critical large horn mouth period of the growth of corns, promotes the growth of corns together with other fertilizers, and cultivates the corns with high SOD activity.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following is a detailed description of the high SOD active corn and its cultivation method provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for cultivating corn with high SOD activity, wherein SOD is one of the most conserved proteins in the biological world, all cell organisms preferentially synthesize the most important substances which are most beneficial to the cell organisms from the aspects of living and evolution of the organisms, and the SOD plays an extremely important role in the biological life activity, so the cell organisms have the tendency of preferentially synthesizing SOD. The SOD is a metalloprotein containing copper and zinc ions, and the exertion of the efficacy of the SOD is closely related to the existence of the copper and zinc ions. Due to the limitation of copper and zinc ion content in soil, plants often synthesize the enzyme by first synthesizing the protein subunit forming SOD, and then combine with copper and zinc prosthetic groups to form complete SOD molecules with physiological activity. Therefore, in the growth process of corn, the synthesis of complete SOD molecules is hindered due to the limitation of the content of copper and zinc ions in most of soil.
The invention mainly utilizes the research on the influence of Cu and Zn ions on the SOD activity in corn kernels, and applies other inorganic salt fertilizers such as copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and the like according to the structural characteristics of SOD molecules and the demand relation between plant growth and trace elements, wherein the type, the mode and the amount of the fertilizer application are determined according to the growth cycle of corn. The limitation can be removed by scientifically and reasonably increasing the content of copper and zinc ions in the soil, so that the synthesis of complete SOD molecules by the corn can be effectively promoted.
The invention provides a cultivation method of high SOD active corn, which comprises the following steps:
planting corn in soil with mixed base fertilizer comprising copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and SOD waste residue, spraying the mixed fertilizer of copper fertilizer and zinc fertilizer on the root before and after the large horn-mouth period of corn growth, and spraying nutrient solution rich in SOD on the leaf surface.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises soaking the corn seeds before seeding, wherein the soaking is as follows: soaking the corn seeds with a potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, wherein the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution preferably has a mass fraction of 0.2-0.3%, and the soaking time is preferably 10-12 hours.
In some embodiments, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after completion of the seed soaking is filtered through a 80-150 mesh screen and sprayed into the trench to be seeded.
The seed soaking can stimulate the seed to strengthen metabolism, promote germination and raise germination capacity. The method uses 0.2 to 0.3 mass percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution to soak the corn seeds for 10 to 12 hours, the corn seeds are fished out and dried for standby after being soaked, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate after the seed soaking is filtered to remove impurities brought by the seed soaking, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed into a ditch to be planted to be used as a base fertilizer for the growth of the corn, thereby effectively promoting the germination and the sprouting of the corn seeds.
In some embodiments, formulating the mixed base fertilizer in soil specifically includes: firstly, the nitrogen fertilizer counted by urea is 7-9 kg/mu and P2O55-7kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu in terms of K23-5 Kg/mu of potassium fertilizer counted by O, 1.5-2.0 Kg/mu of manganese fertilizer counted by manganese sulfate and 200-300 g/mu of boron fertilizer counted by boric acid, mixing with earth and wood ash or other organic fertilizers and spreading in the trench to be seeded, then mixing with 0.1-2.0 Kg/mu of copper fertilizer counted by copper sulfate, 0.1-2.0 Kg/mu of zinc fertilizer counted by zinc sulfate and 20-100 Kg/mu of SOD waste residue, and spreading with earth and wood ash or other organic fertilizers in the trench to be seeded.
In the preparation process of the mixed base fertilizer, firstly, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, boron fertilizer, soil-mixed wood ash or other organic fertilizers are spread in a trench to be planted, and in the process of directly spreading the fertilizers, the situation of rotten roots of corns and the like possibly caused by overhigh concentration is caused, so the fertilizers and other organic fertilizers are required to be mixed and spread, wherein the other organic fertilizers refer to: animal waste, sludge or fermentation residues and the like, and then, on the basis of the spreading, copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and SOD waste residues extracted from corns are further spread, the step-by-step preparation process can effectively avoid the reduction of fertilizer efficiency caused by the reaction of the copper-zinc trace element fertilizer and the fertilizers, for example, the zinc fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are always spread to easily generate zinc phosphate precipitates, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the two fertilizers is reduced.
Meanwhile, in the preparation process of the mixed base fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer, the manganese fertilizer and the boron fertilizer can be determined through an optimization experiment according to the growth requirement of corn, the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer required in the SOD synthesis process need to be theoretically calculated firstly and then determined through an experiment, and the theoretical calculation process is as follows: firstly, obtaining the initial required amount of copper and zinc elements according to the SOD activity relation between germ powder and germ powder leaching liquor, calculating according to the acre yield condition, the dry weight and wet weight relation of corn, the weight relation of corn germ and corn kernel and the relation between corn germ and centrifugate on the basis, calculating the proportion of protein which is not subjected to complexation in the corn kernel, supposing that the protein is completely converted, calculating the amount added in the fertilizer besides the normal planting fertilizing amount to obtain the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer which are theoretically required by the SOD synthesis process, and determining according to experiments.
Therefore, before seeding, the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer which are needed by the growth of the corn and the waste residue after the SOD is extracted from the corn are prepared in the soil, so that a good foundation can be laid for the growth of the corn, and the soil is rich in the copper fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer and the organic fertilizer, so that the limitation of SOD synthesis blockage caused by low content of copper and zinc ions in the soil is eliminated.
In some embodiments, before and after the large horn mouth period of the corn, spraying the boric fertilizer aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces at the evening of sunny days according to the spraying concentration of 0.1-1.0% and 0.1-1.0 kg/mu, and simultaneously spraying the nutrient solution rich in SOD on the leaf surfaces; 0.1-2.0 Kg/mu of copper fertilizer water solution counted by copper sulfate and 0.1-2.0 Kg/mu of zinc fertilizer water solution counted by zinc sulfate are sprayed on roots.
In some embodiments, the SOD waste residue is a waste from a corn SOD extraction process, and the SOD nutrient solution is a nutrient solution formed by dissolving the SOD waste residue in water.
The large flare (the leaf age index is 55-60%, and the 11 th to 12 th leaves are unfolded), the large flare period of the corn, namely the period from the joint removal to the tassel removal, is a merging stage, the roots, stems and leaves grow vigorously, the volume is rapidly enlarged, the dry weight is rapidly increased, meanwhile, the tassel is developed and matured, the organs compete for nutrients, and the contradiction among groups, individuals and individuals is increasingly prominent. Practice proves that the cultivation method of the invention can achieve obvious yield increasing effect by applying fertilizer and implementing various yield increasing measures, and simultaneously provides guarantee for synthesis and accumulation of SOD in corn trophosome. Therefore, the horn mouth period is a key period for the growth and development of the corn and is also a key period for implementing various management measures, and the field management needs to be fine in order to ensure the high and stable yield of the corn.
In the key large bell mouth stage of corn growth, the invention sprays boron fertilizer and nutrient solution rich in SOD on the leaf surface, and simultaneously sprays zinc fertilizer and copper fertilizer on the root. The boron fertilizer is one of essential nutrients for crops, promotes root development, prevents flower falling and improves seed setting rate. And the boron fertilizer is sprayed before and after the large-horn-mouth period, so that the row grain number of the corn can be effectively improved, the grain weight can be increased, and the crop yield can be improved. Meanwhile, nutrient solution rich in SOD is sprayed on the leaf surfaces, the SOD nutrient solution is formed by dissolving SOD waste residues in water, the SOD waste residues are leftovers in the corn SOD extraction process, and the SOD leftovers are a large amount of byproducts and leftovers with low SOD activity, such as washing residues and centrifugal residues, generated in the process of extracting the SOD. Although the leftovers and byproducts do not have the value of re-extracting SOD, the leftovers and byproducts are used as an excellent organic fertilizer, contain rich protein, grease and crude fiber, and have higher added value and utilization value. The mixed base fertilizer containing the SOD leftovers is spread in the soil before the corn is planted, so that humus nutrition, auxin and the like can be effectively provided for the corn, and the germination and growth of corn seeds are promoted.
Meanwhile, the invention directly dissolves SOD leftovers in water to form nutrient solution rich in SOD, and the nutrient solution is directly and exogenously applied to corns in a large flare stage. After the nutrient solution rich in SOD is applied to the leaf surfaces of the corns, SOD molecules, auxin, trace elements and the like in the SOD nutrient solution can permeate into corn cells to a certain degree, oxygen free radicals are eliminated, and a firm enzymatic defense system and an antioxidant protective layer are formed on the shells of the corn cells, so that the corns generate a non-specific immune function and resist the invasion of external viruses; prevent the oxidation of cell tissues, delay the aging of the crop cell tissues and improve the quality of the corn. SOD can also enhance the activity of phagocyte and repair damaged cell tissues of plants. Therefore, the effects of promoting the rapid growth of the corn, promoting the development of root systems, rapidly extending and thickening the stems, enlarging plant types, widening leaf surfaces, promoting the premature flowering of the corn, preventing fruits from falling off, improving the yield of the plants, enhancing the frost resistance and drought resistance of the plants and the like can be achieved.
0.1-2.0 Kg/mu of copper fertilizer aqueous solution (calculated by copper sulfate) and 0.1-2.0 Kg/mu of zinc fertilizer aqueous solution (calculated by zinc sulfate) are sprayed at the roots, because the zinc fertilizer and the copper fertilizer are key fertilizers for synthesizing SOD, the dosage can effectively promote corn kernels to synthesize SOD, and the SOD synthesis requirement cannot be met when the dosage is too low, so that the SOD activity in the obtained corn is too low, and when the dosage is too high, the SOD cannot be effectively absorbed, and the normal growth of the corn can be damaged due to toxic action caused by too high concentration of copper and zinc elements. In addition, the lodging prevention and the pest and disease damage prevention are also required to be noticed at the stage, and the plant leaves are protected from being damaged.
In some embodiments, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer comprises at least one of triple superphosphate and superphosphate, the potassium fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the manganese fertilizer comprises at least one of manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate, the boron fertilizer comprises at least one of borax and boric acid, the copper fertilizer comprises at least one of copper sulfate and copper nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer comprises at least one of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.
The fertilizer is a fertilizer commonly used for corn growth, and one or more of the fertilizers can be selected according to actual needs and simultaneously mixed with other fertilizers for use.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises dressing nitrogen fertilizer according to the growth vigor of the corn before and after the jointing stage of the corn growth: when the growth vigor is good, 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu at one time in the large-horn mouth period; when the potential difference is long, 5-6kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied per mu in the jointing stage, and 5-6kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied per mu in the large-horn-mouth stage; fertilizing depth is 8-12cm, and covering soil in time.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises maintaining the field in mild drought and prohibiting irrigation in the three-leaf period to the jointing period of the corn growth.
The growth speed of the underground part of the corn from the trefoil stage to the jointing stage is 10-50% faster than that of the overground part, the mild drought is artificially kept, the development and the downward binding of a root system are facilitated, the internode of the corn rapidly extends, the leaves expand, the root system rapidly expands, the female ear and the male ear are differentiated and formed until the jointing stage, the symbiotic period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth is also the period with the largest water and fertilizer demand and the most sensitive period, and therefore, the growth of the corn can be effectively promoted by applying the nitrogen fertilizer to the corn at the stage according to the growth vigor, and the important effect is played on the maturation of the large horn mouth stage at the later stage.
The invention also provides the corn with high SOD activity obtained by the cultivation method.
The corn planted by the method has the SOD activity improved by 38.5 percent to the maximum extent, and the corn with the increased SOD activity is the corn with special nutritive value, which not only can supplement exogenous SOD for human beings and animals taking the corn as grains, but also can provide high-quality extraction raw materials for plant extractors taking the corn as SOD extraction raw materials. The fertilizer involved in the method has simple preparation process, no special requirement on soil and low operation cost, and can be widely applied to the planting process of grain crops such as corn and the like.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The following is experimental example 1 of the present invention, the corn variety in experimental example 1 is general field corn, and experimental example 1 includes examples 1-9 and comparative examples 1-3, and 12 groups of examples.
Example 1:
the experimental area is about 200m2The ridge spacing is about 40cm, the plant spacing is about 33cm, the planting density is about 3670 plants/mu, 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole, the seeds are soaked in 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 11 hours before seeding, and the seeds are fished out and dried for sowing after soaking. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after soaking the seeds is filtered by a filter screen of 80 meshes and then sprayed to the trench to be seeded.
Before seeding, nitrogen fertilizer (urea) and phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate, containing P) are added according to the ratio of 8 kg/mu2O512%) 50 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate, containing K)2O content of 50%), 7 kg/mu of manganese fertilizer (manganese sulfate), 1.67 kg/mu of manganese fertilizer (manganese sulfate) and 0.25 kg/mu of boric fertilizer (boric acid), mixing with wood ash and fine soil, spreading in the trench to be seeded, and spreading copper fertilizer (CuSO)4·5H20.19 kg/mu of O) and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O) 0.21 kg/mu, 50 kg/mu of SOD waste residue, mixing with soil and wood ash and fine soil to be planted in ditches, covering soil and ridging after the base fertilizer is applied, and then digging small ditches for planting.
After seeding, the corn keeps mild drought in the field from the trefoil stage to the jointing stage, and promotes the root system of the plant to grow and prick deeply; in the jointing stage, because the corn grows well, 10 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer is applied once per mu in the large-horn mouth stage, the fertilizing depth is about 10cm, and soil is covered in time after fertilizing. Meanwhile, in the evening of sunny days at this time, boric fertilizer (boric acid) is prepared into aqueous solution according to the concentration of 0.2% and is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of plants according to 0.2 kg/mu, and SOD nutrient solution of 800U/ml is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of plants according to 50 kg/mu; simultaneously adding copper fertilizer (CuSO)4·5H20.19 kg/mu of O) and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O) 0.21 kg/mu is mixed with proper amount of water to prepare a ground fertilizer and the ground fertilizer is sprayed on the roots of the plants; during the fertilization process, the leaves are protected and the plant stalks are not damaged.
Example 2:
the difference between the present example and example 1 is that copper fertilizer (CuSO) is contained in base fertilizer and surface fertilizer in large flare stage4·5H2O) dosage is 0.37 kg/mu, and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O) dosage is 0.58 kg/mu, and the rest is the same.
Example 3:
this example and example 1 zoneCopper fertilizer (CuSO) in base fertilizer and ground fertilizer in large flare stage4·5H2O) dosage is 0.61 kg/mu, and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O) dosage is 1.0 kg/mu, and the rest is the same.
Example 4:
the difference between the present example and example 1 is that copper fertilizer (CuSO) is contained in base fertilizer and surface fertilizer in large flare stage4·5H2O) dosage is 1.23 kg/mu, and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O) dosage is 1.98 kg/mu, and the rest is the same.
Example 5:
the difference between the present example and example 1 is that copper fertilizer (CuSO) is contained in base fertilizer and surface fertilizer in large flare stage4·5H2The dosage of O) is 1.81 kg/mu, and the zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O) dosage is 2.98 kg/mu, and the rest is the same.
Example 6:
the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the dosage of SOD waste residue in the base fertilizer is 20 kg/mu, the activity of SOD nutrient solution sprayed on the leaf surface in the large bell mouth period is 200U/ml, and the rest are the same.
Example 7:
the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the dosage of SOD waste residue in the base fertilizer is 35 kg/mu, the activity of SOD nutrient solution sprayed on the leaf surface in the large bell mouth period is 400U/ml, and the rest are the same.
Example 8:
the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the dosage of SOD waste residue in the base fertilizer is 65 kg/mu, the activity of SOD nutrient solution sprayed on the leaf surface in the large bell mouth period is 1200U/ml, and the rest are the same.
Example 9:
the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the amount of SOD waste residue in the base fertilizer is 80 kg/mu, the activity of SOD nutrient solution sprayed on the leaf surface in the large bell mouth period is 1600U/ml, and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 1:
the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 3 is that copper fertilizer (CuSO) is not added into base fertilizer and ground fertilizer in a large horn-mouth period4·5H2O) and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O); meanwhile, SOD waste residues are not added into the base fertilizer, SOD nutrient solution is not sprayed in a large bell mouth period, and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 2:
the difference between the present example and example 3 is that no SOD waste residue is added to the base fertilizer, no SOD nutrient solution is sprayed in the large bell mouth period, and the rest is the same.
Comparative example 3:
the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 3 is that copper fertilizer (CuSO) is not added into base fertilizer and ground fertilizer in a large horn-mouth period4·5H2O) and zinc fertilizer (ZnSO)4·7H2O), the rest being the same.
Drying the finally harvested corns in the sun, randomly taking ten ears from each embodiment, counting the number of the ears after all the grains on each ear are peeled off, measuring the thousand kernel weight after mixing, finally crushing 200g of the uniformly mixed grains by using an ultra-micro crusher, and carrying out activity detection on the crushed samples by adopting a GB/T5009.171-2003 superoxide dismutase detection method.
The following are comparative results of SOD activity, thousand kernel weight, ear kernel weight, yield of corn in experimental example 1 for examples 1 to 9 and comparative examples 1 to 3, see Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of common field corn
The corn variety in experimental example 1 is common field corn, and it can be seen from the data in table 1 above:
the SOD activity in the comparative examples 1-3 is lower, but the comparative examples 2 and 3 are better than the comparative example 1, which shows that the application of the copper-zinc trace element fertilizer, the SOD waste residue and the SOD nutrient solution in the method has positive and beneficial effects on improving the SOD activity value in the common field corn;
in examples 1-5, the application amount of the SOD residue and the nutrient solution is unchanged during the planting process, the use amounts of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are gradually increased, the SOD activity is gradually increased in examples 1-3 along with the gradual increase of the use amounts of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer, the activity is increased most in example 3 and is increased by 35.4% compared with that in comparative example 1, but the SOD activity starts to be reduced after example 4 and is reduced most in example 5, probably because the side effect or the toxic hazard is generated due to excessive application of the Cu and Zn fertilizers, and the growth of corn plants or the synthesis or other physiological and biochemical effects of SOD are influenced.
In examples 6 to 9, the application amounts of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are gradually increased based on example 3 in the planting process, and the comparison shows that the SOD activity in the corn is gradually increased along with the increase of the application amounts of the SOD residues and the nutrient solution, in the above examples, the best levels of thousand seed weight, ear number and yield per mu are example 8, but the differences among examples 3, 4, 8 and 9 are not great; there was no apparent increase in ear number compared to the control group, possibly it was mainly related to genetic and pollination factors.
Therefore, the conclusion is preliminarily drawn that in the corn cultivation process, according to the research on the influence of the molecular structure characteristics of SOD and SOD activity of Cu and Zn ions on corn germ pulp and the absorption characteristics of plants on nutrients such as trace elements, the inorganic salt compound fertilizer containing Cu and Zn ions is applied, the fertilizing mode and the fertilizing amount flexibly change according to the growth cycle characteristics of the corn, and meanwhile, a plurality of appropriate corresponding field management methods are applied to crops, so that the activity of SOD in the corn can be effectively increased, and the thousand kernel weight, the ear number and the yield are improved to a certain extent.
Experimental example 2:
the planting process was the same as in experimental example 1 except that the corn variety was purple corn,
comparative results of SOD activity, thousand kernel weight, ear kernel weight and yield of the corns of examples 10 to 18 and comparative examples 4 to 6 were included in experimental example 2, see table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of purple corn
The corn variety in the experimental example 2 is purple corn, and the data in the table 2 show that the experimental result is similar to the result observed in the experimental example 1, wherein the activity of SOD in the comparative examples 4-6 is lower, but the comparative examples 5 and 6 are better than the comparative example 4, which shows that the application of the copper-zinc trace element fertilizer, the SOD waste residue and the SOD nutrient solution in the method also has positive and beneficial effects on improving the SOD activity value in the purple corn.
In examples 10 to 14, the application amounts of the SOD residue and the nutrient solution are unchanged during the planting process, the use amounts of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are gradually increased, the SOD activity in the corns in examples 10 to 13 is gradually increased along with the gradual increase of the use amounts of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer, the activity of example 13 is the highest, and the activity of example 14 is slightly reduced. The activity of example 14 is reduced sharply compared with example 13, probably because the excessive application of Cu and Zn fertilizers causes side effects or toxicity, and influences the growth of corn plants or the synthesis of SOD or other physiological and biochemical effects.
In examples 15 to 18, the application levels of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer were gradually increased based on example 12 during the planting process, and it was found by comparison that the SOD activity in corn was gradually increased as the application amounts of the SOD residue and the nutrient solution were increased, and the preferable level was example 18, and the SOD activity was increased by 30.7% as compared with comparative example 4, but the application amounts of the SOD residue and the nutrient solution were increased after the level of example 12, and the increase in SOD activity was not significant and was considered to be substantially unchanged. Therefore, the embodiment 12 can be considered as the optimum level in view of cost and the like. Meanwhile, along with the increase of the fertilizing amount, the thousand grain weight, the grain number per ear and the yield of the corn are also increased to a certain degree.
Therefore, the conclusion is preliminarily drawn that in the corn cultivation process, according to the research on the influence of the molecular structure characteristics of SOD and SOD activity of Cu and Zn ions on corn germ pulp and the absorption characteristics of plants on nutrients such as trace elements, the inorganic salt compound fertilizer containing Cu and Zn ions is applied, the fertilizing mode and the fertilizing amount flexibly change according to the growth cycle characteristics of the corn, and meanwhile, a plurality of appropriate corresponding field management methods are applied to crops, so that the activity of SOD in the corn can be increased.
In conclusion, the invention provides the corn with high SOD activity and the cultivation method thereof, the method mainly utilizes the research on the influence of Cu and Zn ions on the SOD activity in corn kernels, and applies other inorganic salt fertilizers such as copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and the like according to the structural characteristics of SOD molecules and the demand relationship between plant growth and trace elements, and the type, the mode and the amount of the fertilizer application are determined according to the growth cycle of the corn. Before seeding corn and before and after the key large horn-shaped period of corn growth, the invention supplements fertilizers required by SOD synthesis, such as copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, SOD leftovers, SDO nutrient solution and the like, in time, and promotes the corn growth together with other fertilizers to obtain the corn with high SOD activity. The fertilizer involved in the method has simple preparation process, no special requirement on soil and low operation cost, and can be widely applied to the planting process of grain crops such as corn and the like.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method of corn with high SOD activity is characterized by comprising the following steps: planting corn in soil provided with mixed base fertilizer comprising copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and SOD waste residue, spraying the mixed fertilizer of the copper fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer on roots before and after a large horn-shaped period of corn growth, and spraying nutrient solution rich in SOD on leaf surfaces;
the preparation of the mixed base fertilizer in soil specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, the nitrogen fertilizer counted by urea is 7-9 kg/mu and P2O55-7kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu in terms of K23-5 Kg/mu of potassium fertilizer counted by O, 1.5-2.0 Kg/mu of manganese fertilizer counted by manganese sulfate and 200-300 g/mu of boron fertilizer counted by boric acid, mixing with plant ash and spreading in the trench to be seeded, then mixing with 0.61-1.23 Kg/mu of copper fertilizer counted by copper sulfate, 1.0-2.0 Kg/mu of zinc fertilizer counted by zinc sulfate and 50-100 Kg/mu of SOD waste residue, spreading with plant ash and spreading in the trench to be seeded;
before and after the large bell mouth period of corn growth, spraying the boron fertilizer aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces in the evening of sunny days according to the spraying concentration of 0.1-1.0 kg/mu and the spraying concentration of 0.1-1.0%, and simultaneously spraying the nutrient solution rich in SOD on the leaf surfaces; 0.61-1.23 Kg/mu of copper fertilizer water solution counted by copper sulfate and 1.0-2.0 Kg/mu of zinc fertilizer water solution counted by zinc sulfate are sprayed on roots;
the SOD nutrient solution is sprayed on plant leaf surfaces according to 50 kg/mu;
the SOD waste residue is the leftovers in the corn SOD extraction process, and the nutrient solution of the SOD is the nutrient solution formed by dissolving the SOD waste residue in water.
2. The method for cultivating corn with high SOD activity as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of seed soaking before the corn is seeded, wherein the seed soaking step comprises: soaking the corn seeds with potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution.
3. The method for cultivating corn having high SOD activity as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate has a mass fraction of 0.2-0.3%.
4. The method for cultivating corn having high SOD activity according to claim 2, wherein the seed soaking time is 10-12 hours.
5. The method for cultivating corn with high SOD activity as claimed in claim 2, wherein the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after seed soaking is filtered by 80-150 mesh sieve and then sprayed into the trench to be seeded.
6. The method for cultivating corn with high SOD activity as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer comprises at least one of triple superphosphate and superphosphate, the potassium fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the manganese fertilizer comprises at least one of manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate, the boron fertilizer comprises at least one of borax and boric acid, the copper fertilizer comprises at least one of copper sulfate and copper nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer comprises at least one of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.
7. The method for cultivating corn with high SOD activity as claimed in claim 1, further comprising dressing nitrogen fertilizer according to corn growth before and after the jointing stage of corn growth: when the growth vigor is good, 10-12kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu at one time in the large-horn mouth period; when the potential difference is long, 5-6kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied per mu in the jointing stage, and 5-6kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied per mu in the large-horn-mouth stage; fertilizing depth is 8-12cm, and covering soil in time.
8. The method for cultivating corn with high SOD activity as claimed in claim 7, further comprising maintaining a field with mild drought during the trefoil stage to the jointing stage of corn growth, and prohibiting field irrigation.
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| CN111084059A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-01 | 上林县温英成生态香蕉种植农民专业合作社 | Novel artificial breeding method for antiviral banana varieties |
| CN113149745A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-23 | 王喜 | Preparation process for preparing biological nutrient solution by using SOD as raw material |
| CN117178872A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-12-08 | 五月阳光生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Corn seedling cultivation system and corn planting method with high SOD content |
| CN114343153A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-15 | 湖北神农蜂语生物产业有限公司 | Freeze-dried royal jelly tremella soup |
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