CN105379599A - High yield method for vigorous rootstock long-branch form apples - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high yield method for vigorous rootstock long-branch form apples, wherein vigorous rootstock long-branch form apple bud seedlings are fixedly planted in the current year, are formed and blossom in the current year, are fruited in the next year, and are in high yield in the third year. The method comprises the steps of: building an orchard; smearing a shooting agent to accelerate branching of the fruit trees; culturing central leader tree shapes; reasonably applying water and fertilizers; supplementing the branching number in field operation of apple bud seedlings the next year; thinning flowers and buds; performing artificial supplementary pollination; killing aphids; preserving fruits; spraying calcium; performing bagging; performing top dressing; applying a base fertilizer; and harvesting fruits. By adopting the long-branch apple variety which is relatively excellent in quality, effects of forming basic tree shapes in the current year of planting, breeding flower buds in the current year, fruiting in the next year and obtaining a high yield int he third year are achieved, so that the technical problem that the apple trees are late to form is solved.

Description

Tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the field planting then of a kind of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, be then shaped as flower, next year result, the 3rd year high yield tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method.

Background technology

Apple belongs to worldwide fruit, and its annidation is strong, and fruit is of high nutritive value, and storage property is good and supply cycle is long, and therefore a lot of country is all classified as major consumers fruit and recommends energetically.Have 84, six continent country to produce apple in the world, the gross area is at about 5,500,000 hm2, and gross yield about 6,000 ten thousand t, accounts for 11% and 12% of whole fruit respectively.The Apple Industry " nine is large " of apple production advanced country, " ten change ", " six is high ", the common feature of " three property ", i.e. large group, great Qu tries, large kind, large nursery stock, wide row space, large density, wide-angle, large pollination, on a large scale, intensive, compartmentalization, mechanization, facility, standardization, technology simplifies, safe, systematism, integration, variation, high investment, high organic, specular removal, high yield, high excellent rate, high benefit, the property downgraded, uniformity and early fruiting character, represent apple industry direction, the world today, achieve economy, the win-win of Social Ecology Three benefits.At present, China apple cultivation area gross yield occupancy volume per person and export volume all rank first in the world, and have become apple production maximum in the world and country of consumption, area under cultivation 199.2 ten thousand hm2 in 2008, output 2,985 ten thousand t, 35% of Jun Zhan world total amount.Apple few in numberly after China's WTO has one of agricultural product of obvious international competitiveness.Apple normal region mainly concentrates on northwest loess plateau and the large advantage producing region of Circum-Bohai Sea two, Weibei Shaanxi loess plateau is area (satisfied 6 of the Bohai Rim uniquely meeting apple production 7 meteorological index, and Washington, DC continent only meets 5), by universally acknowledged be maximum apple aristogenesis district.But China is compared with the country of Apple Culture advanced technology, and quality is still on duty mutually, yield per unit area is still very low, only have France gondola 1/3, after occupying the 30th, the world, the high-grade fruit rate reaching export requirement is not enough, economic benefit is very low, and orchard worker increases income very micro-.

With low energy consumption, water saving, contracting time, effective utilization measure, carry out apple production scale demonstration cultivation, to Apple Culture area have larger popularization, radiation zone power, to adjust agriculture production structure, improve the quality of products and have significant role.It for pushing forward the building of a new socialist countryside, will realize agricultural and rural economy cross-century development target, producing important and far-reaching meaning smoothly.Up to now; domestic and international apple production is except the new excellent breed breeding of factorial seedling growth, intensive cultivating, protecting field facility cultivation and short anvil; cultivating at land for growing field crops Open air product is still general traditional cultivation pattern, to a certain extent, still restrains the development of apple production power.At present, report in apple early shaping, prematurity, precocity fruiting mainly concentrates on the following aspects: 1) Wen Shuying, fuji apple sapling is rich superior quality cultivation technique [j] early, north fruit tree, 2007(2): high standard builds garden, the integrated management measure such as rational close planted, raising orchard regularity, reinforcement rich water quality management, light pruning, control autumn growth, makes apple 3 annual bearing, 5 years high yields.2) Wen Shuying, ' Fuji apple ' apple sapling morning rich superior quality cultivation technique (II) [j], northern fruit tree, 2007(4): grafting high and changing head, connects latter 3 years and starts result, and 5-6 gets bumper crops.3) Qin Dezhi, Operation in Dandong Area cool humid zone early bearing is rich technology [j] early, fruit tree practical technique and information, 2010(5): base anvil high position grafting, dig that banded narrow ditch height ridge cultivation is planted, sapling up-growth critical period secondary overlay film covers grass, the shaping of spiral pagoda type, prick that hole segmentation imposes relay fermentation agriculture solution, sprays EM preparation, chitin, selenium are fertile, early bagging pluck bag evening, accomplish field planting the 2nd annual bearing, 3rd year 750kg/667m2,4th year 2000kg/667m2, makes treelet do sth. in advance to enter the full bearing period in 3 ~ 4 years.4) Wei Hongxia, apple dwarf interstock seedlings build the large advantage [j] in garden five, northwest gardening (fruit tree monograph), 2007 (06): adopt apple dwarf interstock seedlings to build garden, plant trees then, next year just can result, and result 1 ~ 2 year, builds garden for apple Early Paleozoic strata high standard and lay a solid foundation ahead of time.5) Deng's high yield, Ma Fengwang, Shu Huairui, American apple new productive systems [j], Xibei Forest College's journal, 2009 (04): many side shoots of planting (10 ~ 15) nursery stock, within the 2nd year, see fruit, the 4th year high yield.6) Cheng Jinku, Chen Zhenjiang, Dong Junmei etc., apple planting treelet fast-growing forming technique [j], forestry science and technology communication, 1997 (6): by smearing branching promoter for plant, continuously pinching and comprehensive management technology, annual apple sapling is made to reach dry thick 3.3cm, height of tree 210cm, hat amplitude 155 × 160cm, the total branch of individual plant measures 61.7) palace the U.S. and Britain, Apple Spur Type and plain edition kind fruit quality First Report of Studies [j], Yantai fruit tree, 1987 (4): the hardness of plain edition fruit, soluble solid and sugar, acid content are all higher than Spur Type fruit.Although the apple high yield technology that above document is reported respectively has certain progressive, but in general, still there is following defect: early fruiting character is not given prominence to, or need the large height of tree to connect, or Early fertile capability is not given prominence to, or fruit tree is shaped evening, or more complicated, or need cultivating large seedling, adopt the quality of Spur Type Varieties but not as long shoot type (plain edition).The cultivation mode of bibliographical information, to downgrade namely " single short " or " two short " cultivation, has no the report of Qiaoization cultivation long shoot type bud seedling field planting the 3rd year high yield.The notification number CN103299870A of the present inventor's application discloses a kind of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling the 3rd year high yield technology, solve the problems referred to above, reach energy-conservation, surface planting, time saving and energy saving, production management is easy, few laxative, nuisanceless, cost of investment is low, income is fast, high efficiency, contribute to increasing peasant income, improve the good effect of land resources utilization rate, and then promote the development of Apple Industry, there is high promotional value, but also need to continue to optimize in detail, its technical scheme of further optimization, especially the formula of branching promoter for plant is directly connected to the field planting then of tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, be shaped as flower then, next year result, the effect of the 3rd year high yield.And the formula main component of branching promoter for plant of the prior art is exactly auximone, effect has been played in the formation of auximone root when cell division and differentiation, fruit development, cutting and During Leaf Abscission Phase, most important naturally occurring auximone is β---heteroauxin, the similar plant growth regulator of Prof. Du Yucang effect also has brassin, the basic element of cell division, gibberellin, Nafusaku, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) etc., the effect of plant growth regulator shows as duality: can growth promoting effects, also can Developing restraint; Can vernalization, also can sprout inhibition; Can fruit drop be prevented, again can flower and fruit thinning, this is relevant with the susceptibility of concentration to plant different parts of growth hormone, and its feature is two-sidedness, can growth promoting effects, also can Developing restraint, even kills plant.Therefore be badly in need of developing a kind of tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method of Be very effective and the growth stimulator of use thereof and rich fruit agent.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a kind of adopt the long shoot type apple variety of quality comparative good-quality can realize planting formed then substantially tree-like, be then pregnant with bud, next year result, the 3rd year effect of high-yield, solve apple tree and to be shaped the tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method of late technical barrier.

Based on above-mentioned purpose, this invention takes following technical scheme:

A kind of tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1) carries out pretreatment to apple bud seedling: the apple bud seedling choosing tall anvil long shoot type, anvil stake on apple bud seedling, dry short wooden stake and damaged portion are pruned totally, root is soaked 8 ~ 24 hours with the mixed solution containing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in leaching root solution, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate weight percent content are 0.3% ~ 0.5%, use root-growing agent class medicine libation at an ancient wedding ceremony root before cultivation again;

Step 2) build garden: selected autumn or spring, the apple bud seedling to the tall anvil long shoot type that step 1 processed carried out field planting the latest, planting density is 260 ~ 270 strains/667m2;

Step 3) is smeared Chouzhibao and is promoted that fruit tree sends out branch: spring temperature more than 15 DEG C, resin smears Chouzhibao when starting flowing on the sprout that will sprout; The shoot formed after bud is sprouted continues to smear, goes round and begins again;

It is tree-like that step 4) cultivates trunk type: when apple bud seedling young sprout grows tall 100 ~ 120cm, Chouzhibao is used to be coated with supermature axillalry bud in first axil from apart from 80 ~ 90cm place, ground, in later edge, axis trunk is upwards coated with a bud every 2 ~ 3 buds counterclockwise, till when being applied to height of seedling 2 ~ 3m always; All stay during each painting bud and be not coated with Chouzhibao from growing point to the tip section that lower 15 ~ 20cm is long, to guarantee that growing point has the force and vigor enough upwards grown, branch on axis trunk be must guard against overlapping parallel with left and right up and down, sublateral shoot on axis trunk grow to 50 ~ 60cm long time, be coated with lateral bud thereon again, or be coated with lateral bud and side bud behind, object makes it that three sublateral shoots occur, these three sublateral shoots become the fruit branch of result in its in next year; The time of painting Chouzhibao until August, smears, for apple bud seedling result gets material base ready a point born sublateral shoot on axis trunk continuously from May; Side shoot mitogenetic on axis trunk, namely mitogenetic on young sprout sublateral shoot is later fruit-bearing shoot cluster, carries out softening, angle of release, is that apple bud seedling is early shaped, the sole indicator of precocity fruiting to its angle of release; With biapiculate bud label support at tip base 2 ~ 5cm place, angle of release reached 100 ~ 120 degree and was as the criterion when each sublateral shoot reaches semi-lignified degree the standard angle of release time;

The reasonable liquid manure of step 5), ensures that fruit tree is sufficient at whole Growing season liquid manure;

Step 6) apple bud seedling Second Year field technique operating procedure is specific as follows:

1) continue polishing and do not do enough branch amounts the previous year;

2) flower thinning dredges flower bud: disc flower in staying, and dredges and goes weakly to spend little flower bud;

3) carry out artificial supplementary pollination: the preparation of the liquid that is pollinated: fresh pollen, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, percentage by weight be 3% refined sugar solution, nucleic acid, amino acid is according to the weight ratio of 1:1, add water and be mixed with the solution of 0.3 ~ 0.5% percentage by weight, within every 1 ~ 2 day, spray once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether;

4) to go out aphid: adopt mieyaling to add water, the solution of preparation original liquid weight 800 ~ 1000 times carries out sprinkling and to go out aphid;

5) fruit retention: spray the outstanding achievement treasured that percentage by weight is 0.5% after blossom fall when 12 ~ 15 days, spray once, continuous 3 times every 1 ~ 2 day, young fruit diameter, when 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝, every spray in 12 ~ 15 days once, sprays 8 ~ 10 times altogether;

6) calcium is sprayed: before fruit bagging, calcareous fertilisers must be sprayed;

7) bagging: double-deck paper bag on cover when fruit diameter is at 1.5 ~ 2cm, removes bag in first 20 days until ripe;

8) topdress: when after after fruit bagging one week, topdress, object is that short leaf fertilely, short spend into, Tomacon, urge high yield, monthly, 4 ~ 6 times altogether, combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and after bagging, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, based on blade back, positive and negative combination, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week;

9) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: before picking fruit, execute high-quality fertilizer to plucking in rear first quarter moon, consumption is: 20 ~ 40 Jin ∕ strains, add each 50 grams of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and rare earth element amount, in depth lower 30 ~ 40cm, apart from tree 50 ~ 60cm, fertilization mode is: ring channel in conjunction with radial ditch, fertilising after grave mound, water;

10) fruit harvesting: gather and remove fruit bag for first 20 days, gathers, weighs, charges to archives after fruit face colouring is evenly pure, and after fruit picking, tree body evenly sprays foliage fertilizer and bactericide.

In step 1), described root-growing agent class medicine is ABT root-inducing powder, and the model of ABT root-inducing powder selects one of No. 6-10, and specifically branch being dipped in ABT root-inducing powder content is field planting again after 30 seconds in 200 ~ 500 mg/kg aqueous solution.

In step 2) in, during field planting, ditching or acupoint depth and width are 40 ~ 50cm, and base fertilizer is decomposed manure, and fertilizing amount controls at 5000kg/667m2, behavior south-north direction of planting, and sprout position is oriented local prevailing wind direction, and collar is lower than soil plane 2 ~ 3cm; Water permeable during field planting, and before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, sublateral shoot these material time points in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required.

In step 3), when the sprout that will sprout smears Chouzhibao, also above object bud, 1-2 millimeter place carries out crescent and carves wound, deeply reach xylem, dip in branching promoter for plant uniform application bud with writing brush again, each sprout smears the large small pit goaf of small rice grain, and a bud once.

In step 5), water five times after field planting, this waters for five times and is respectively water of saving one's life, surely root water, rudiment is branched out, and water, young sprout and sublateral shoot are good for long water, every 10 ~ 15 days once, except the large rainy day; When young sprout reaches 15 ~ 20cm, blade rises at 5 ~ 8, synchronously apply fertilizer in conjunction with watering, adopt foliar application and soil application to combine mode, every 12 ~ 15 days of number of times once, totally 8 ~ 12 times, water is controlled gradually to June ~ August, force and gradually stop long to prepare flower bud differentiation, fertilizer type before June with nitrogen for main in conjunction with phosphorus potassium, in 6 ~ August based on phosphorus potassium.

In step 6), described calcareous fertilisers are huge golden calcium, and by Shaanxi, fulvic acid Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. provides, and its main component is fulvic acid, take fulvic acid as main component; Or be amino acid calcium, provided by Yangling Shaanxi agriculture doctor company, its main component is amino acid calcium and potassium; Or be that emerald green health calcium is precious, by Shaanxi, longitude and latitude development in science and technology Co., Ltd provides, and its main component is nitrate of lime and boron; Or be calcium treasured 2000, provided by foliage fertilizer trial (demonstration) plant of Shaanxi Province's fruit tree research institute, its main component is nitrate of lime; Or match golden active calcium, Tong Shan bio tech ltd provides by Shaanxi, be carrier with fulvic acid, dissolved in the calcium of high concentration, boron, zinc, potassium, multiple sodium nitrate and high effective additives; Above-mentioned calcareous fertilisers percentage by weight when using controls 0.3 ~ 0.5%.

In step 6), described topdressing refers to that employing Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer or composite fertilizer heart linked to heart apply fertilizer, the composite fertilizer selected requires that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content reach 45% percentage by weight, and select secondary and micro-element fertilizers and composite fertilizer to adopt 1:1 weight ratio mixed; Combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and fertilizer used is foliage fertilizer, and foliage fertilizer, after bagging, take blade back as main positive and negative combination, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week.

The formula of described Chouzhibao is formulated as follows according to percentage by weight: 6-benzylamino purine 2%, gibberellin 5%, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 2%, compound sodium nitrophenolate 2%, brassin lactones 4%, heteroauxin 1%, ethanol 40%, glycerine 5%, surplus are liquid lanolin; Mentioned component is put into mulser to carry out emulsification to obtain emulsion be exactly Chouzhibao.

The formula of described outstanding achievement treasured is formulated as follows according to percentage by weight: forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate respectively account for 24.3%, wetting agent is 5%, balance deionized water, forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, wetting agent are mixed together and add deionized water, the aqua product of the obtained present composition.

The present invention has following good effect:

One, about the content of external environment condition:

(1), external environment condition is to the importance of apple bud seedling Quick-forming, Cheng Hua, result, high yield:

Apple bud seedling is by fast-germination, branch out, be shaped, Cheng Hua, result obtain economic crops for the purpose of high fast benefit, at its bud seedling from sprouting until the of short duration growth and development process of shaping, Cheng Hua, result and high yield, very close with the relation of environmental condition, the each organic centre specifically grown, excellent external environment condition is created to give full play to productive potential and the power of apple bud seedling to it, significant.

(2) external environment condition, needed:

1, external environmental factor is a lot, mainly contains temperature, illumination, moisture, soil, domatic, slope aspect, the gradient and fertilizer and external source conditioning agent etc.Each factor plays the irreplaceable special role of particular importance in certain breeding time and organic centre.Especially " temperature " in natural environmental condition plays critical effect to apple Quick-forming, Cheng Hua, result, high yield.For this reason, the natural temperature factor stresses as follows by spy.Apple bud seedling in field planting then with Second Year each organic centre to the requirement of nature " three basic points " temperature: so-called " three basic points " temperature refers to: during annual period (entering winter dormancy from sprouting after bud ~ leaf-fall), required " minimum ", " the suitableeest " and " the highest " is put and be referred to as.

1), apple bud seedling minimum point temperature, also namely in blink, endurable limit low temperature is-25 ~-30 DEG C of scopes.The low temperature limit that area, Central Plains is comparatively fitted is-25 DEG C.As low again, often make the injury that bud seedling is subject in various degree.

2), apple bud seedling peak temperature, also namely within the of short duration period, endurable limit high temperature is 36 ~ 42 DEG C of scopes.The high temperature limit that area, Central Plains is comparatively fitted is 24 ~ 26 DEG C.As high again, after smearing " I " number agent (i.e. Chouzhibao), often bud will be burnt.

3), apple bud seedling best point temperature is 22 ~ 30 DEG C.Apple bud seedling best optimum temperature of growing in area, Central Plains is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, average day temperature only in this way, the branch of apple bud seedling, leaf, the long just the best of blastogenesis.

4), apple bud seedling growing degreeday (being also biology effective accumulated temperature) is 1500 ~ 3000 DEG C.The circannian effective accumulated temperature that area, Central Plains apple bud seedling grows is 3150 DEG C.

(effective accumulated temperature=(the suitableeest mean temperature of air number of degrees-biological zero point) X measuring and calculating first day is to total number of days all day)

Effective accumulated temperature needed for the apple bud seedling Annual growth cycle of area, Central Plains is:

Effective accumulated temperature=(25 DEG C-10 DEG C) X 210(days)=15 X 210=3150 DEG C.

5), apple bud seedling hibernation temperature: apple bud seedling make by oneself be implanted in soil grow an annual period and natural dormancy period in the winter of entering time, must guarantee that bud seedling has certain low temperature number of degrees and period, the seedling tree leaf bud at each position of body and bud (especially bud) normal differentiation and growth can be ensured.If hibernation mean temperature of air is too high, just can not meet the low temperature requirements needed for hibernation, usually cause apple bud (especially bud) depauperation.Postpone to budding period spring in next year and flowering stage, this germination and not germinateing, even if the buds are coming out, also having early has late, extremely irregular, and the florescence is elongated, and fallen flowers bud drop is extremely serious.Even a large amount of fruit drop, serious flowers and fruits all without, bud seedling result in next year is an empty verbiage.Therefore, can hibernation low temperature be again the key that normally yield positive results next year of apple tall anvil long shoot type bud seedling and crux.The suitableeest low temperature of apple bud seedling hibernation on average should at 3 ~ 5 DEG C and the number of days 60 ~ 80 days of phases of should remaining valid, buds all on apple one year seedling, could normal through best low-temperature zone, and make flower bud differentiation high-quality and spring in next year bud in time, fast, neatly opening, guarantee there is higher percentage of fertile fruit next year and obtains best expected volume.

6), apple bud seedling crosses cold pole spring is easily caused freeze injury and cold damage: apple bud seedling not only cold acutely or sharply arid, cold wind force to catch cold and endure cold, the Hui Han in spring, dry cold, frost all easily causes trunk, branch day burns, stripping, particularly cold current, late frost very easily make bud endure cold cold damage.If winter bud seedling lack of water, arid, meet low temperature again, summer prosperous length, not stopping the long spray tip autumn in time will become dry by whole plant.Easier stripping under cryogenic, even complete stool is dead if late autumn, large green leafhopper endangered trunk! Suffer heavy losses.Apple bud seedling next flowering stage in spring is to the pole of low temperature sensitivity especially.No matter just if at apple duration of flowering (flower, Sheng Hua, Flowers ending) as long as fine day thermophilic, bloom neat and effectively, the florescence is also short, pollen tube growth speed is also fast, and Pollination Fertilization is intact and of fine quality.If but weather low temperature, add wet weather, not only bloom late, it is late, uneven that the flowering time has have morning, and it is very long that the florescence draws.Pollen tube agensis or growth rate are very low, and Pollination Fertilization rate is extremely low, and output is just without ensureing.Even if apple flower bud quantity of differentiation is many again, quality is excellent again, and the florescence in spring, apple bud seedling result in next year was just without any guarantee once run into low temperature invasion and attack.

7), during apple bud seedling setting as low temperature, hail, not only treelet branches and leaves are impaired, and young fruit is therefore injured, distortion, shrinkage also, causes the destructive underproduction even to have no harvest.

8), apple bud seedling meets low temperature damage loss heaviness.But, run into high temperature (more than 38 DEG C) in limited time upper, be as a rule injured.As: photosynthesis sharply declines, and respiration strengthens, and transpiration is accelerated, and root water uptake effect also therefore disequilibrium, the blade of whole apple bud seedling, the tender tip are wilted, and fallen flowers, bud drop are serious.If permanent wilting, just make fruit abscission completely, even complete stool is dead! Even if apple bud seedling is because of the unlikely death of high temperature damage, fruit development is also by extreme influence.Such as: fruit diminishes, color and luster is bad, pulp sends out silk floss, less than maturing stage just premature ripening (false ripe), taste (mouthfeel) is thin out, and product qualitative change is bad, and storage performance falls greatly, loses commodity value completely.

9) if, soil high-temperature is when reaching 20 DEG C, the speed of root system suberification degree is accelerated, if higher than 25 DEG C time, growing of fruit tree root system is suppressed, suberification degree is faster, causes apple bud seedling root absorbing area significantly to reduce, and the enzyme in root cells just can therefore deactivation.If continuous high temperature, just make the root metabolic process of apple bud seedling stop, destroying the normal development of the whole root system system of apple bud seedling, also make fruit tree overground part directly be injured.Shaping morning of apple bud seedling, precocity flower, precocity fruiting just become impossibility with early getting bumper crops.

2, illumination, ventilation: illumination and ventilation are the important environmental conditions that apple sapling (especially to apple bud seedling) needs, to light and wind abundant, effectively utilize, be that can apple bud seedling early be shaped, precocity flower, precocity fruiting, early high yield key factor.

Illumination is by direct effects such as luminous intensity, light quality and the length of sunshine time or by affecting its photosynthesis and photosynthetic product with energy form and playing important impact to the growing of apple bud seedling, yield and quality.The essence of ventilation is the necessary of the CO2 in air.Apple bud seedling is being shaped then, is becoming again colored then, and Second Year just must result.Therefore, apple bud seedling must be made then from spring to summer, by summer to the autumn, have sufficient nutrition and comprehensive element by each organic centre (production center) in the whole Annual growth cycle in autumn to winter, apple bud seedling can be made in then as scheduled as matter is up to standard, complete tree-like, become flower general objective, for next year result, the 3rd year high yield lay abundant material base.And abundant and comprehensively nutrition come from what, main inner because of and the nutrient source of external cause.Outside nutrient source is the fertilizer supplied in time of multiple natural conditions and artificial science and moisture mainly, and internal cause focuses on the supply of photosynthate quality and matter.And photosensitizing substance---carbohydrate is that this semiworks of apple bud seedling leaf chlorophyll is produced.Chlorophyll manufactures photosensitizing substance must have again " CO2+H2O+ sunlight " to realize.Apple bud seedling branches and leaves are still few, and ability is little again.Therefore must have sufficient illumination aborning, enough CO2 and enough moisture, just can have abundant photosensitizing substance.So apple bud seedling just must make branch abundance (multi-branched of trying one's best), blade quantity many and of fine quality, the sufficient and photosynthetic efficiency of the high-quality photosensitizing substance (carbohydrate) that just how of fine quality the amount of certainly leading to is.Then budlet seedling ability early shaping, precocity flower, precocity fruiting, early high yield.So the tree body branch of apple bud seedling is many, Ye Feng and Photosynthetic Efficiency and illumination, ventilation correlation.

For this reason, the necessary requirement that abundant rich water, illumination, ventilation are early shaping of apple bud seedling, precocity flower, precocity fruiting, morning get bumper crops.On multi-branched, fast branch, optimal sorting branch antecedent basis, making the angle of the volume branch of bud seedling (vertical angle, plane included angle and orientation angle) nurse one's health put in place (reaching 100 ~ 120 degree) early early and guarantee quality standard, is the optimality criterion obtaining high-quality illumination (intensity, illumination quality, illumination length).

The lifeblood of 3, the supply of moisture apple bud seedling early shaping especially, precocity flower, precocity fruiting, early high yield.The beyond all doubt water yield, water quality munificent is important that photosynthetic (thing) acts on is obligato factor.Apple bud seedling is from field planting that day (at that time), and within one day, can not stop the sufficient and high-quality ground timing in ground, supply water quantitatively is key that it is shaped soon, becomes flower soon, fast result is got bumper crops soon.

We treat apple bud seedling and emphasize that " water of saving one's life ", " steady root water ", " rudiment branch out water ", " the prosperous length of young sprout, sublateral shoot are good for long water " are the keys that First Year bud seedling is shaped soon.And fast shaping prerequisite down to 6 ~ August suitably control water press down prosperous be guarantee that apple bud seedling is shaped soon, the material guarantee of precocity flower.Can this be again the key of result of achieving one's goal next year.

Two, the present invention not by dwarfing rootstock, do not utilize Spur Type Varieties, do not adopt seedlings to cultivate, adopt long shoot type (plain edition) apple variety of quality comparative good-quality but can realize planting formed then substantially tree-like, be then pregnant with bud, next year result, the 3rd year high yield effect, solve the technical barrier that apple tree is shaped evening.

For verifying the excellent effect of this technology, the present invention respectively in five regions such as Kang Dian town, Gongyi City, Xinzheng City, Mengjin County, Yingyang City, Zhongmou County each selected one piece of experimental field test, result shows, apple tree culture technique provided by the present invention has following technique effect:

1, energy-conservation: base fertilizer is not essential, save fertilizer; Only First Year waters, and can water later and can not water, and has saved valuable water resource; Surface planting, time saving and energy saving; Production management is easy, saves labour.

2, few laxative; Nuisanceless.Apple tree is after branching promoter for plant promotes to send out branch, and the extraordinary young sprout of quick growth or the growth-development law of sublateral shoot have broken germ conventional dip-dye phase and pest damage phase, so damage by disease and insect occurs less, go and buy Chinese medicine also little.In addition carry out the nuisanceless extermination of disease and insect pest, pollution on the environment can be avoided to greatest extent.

3, cost of investment is low: utilize method provided by the invention to build garden and produce, investment mainly concentrates on First Year, technical costs is 4 ~ 5 yuan/strain, 600 ~ 1000 yuan/667m2, more general orchard (300 ~ 600 yuan/667m2) how 300 ~ 700 yuan/667m2, but after Second Year, can economize on the use of funds 1000 ~ 1600 yuan of (400 ~ 500 yuan, fertilizer, 50 ~ 100 yuan, water, 150 ~ 200 yuan, agricultural chemicals in every 667m2 orchard, labour 300 ~ 600 yuan, farm machinery 100 ~ 200 yuan).

4, fast, the high efficiency of income: utilize method Cultivated apple provided by the invention set, Growth status is shaped soon, and after the field planting of bud seedling, Second Year output is minimum reaches 750Kg/667m2, and the orchard managed can up to 2376.6kg/667m2; 3rd year high yield, output, at more than 3000kg/667m2, produces the product throwing of throwing than the general orchard up to 49.7: 1(than only having 5: 1), solve apple tree and to bloom late, that early high-yield is difficult problem.Adopt the orchard of the technology, compared with general orchard, within 3 years, enter the full bearing period at least in advance, by the medium economical benefit of high-yield orchard, (3000 ~ 4000 yuan/667m23 can increase income 9000 ~ 12000 yuan/667m2 altogether.The whole nation adopt time, every year with 2% speed applications technique, every year altogether increase economic well-being of workers and staff 17.9 ~ 23.9 hundred million yuan (2,988 ten thousand mu × 3000 ~ 4000 yuan/667m2).As can be seen here, technical method provided by the invention contributes to increasing peasant income, improves the availability of land resources, and then promotes the development of Apple Industry, has high promotional value.

5, each composition of Chouzhibao of the present invention and proportioning obtain on the basis of many experiments result and scientific appraisal.Be liquid lanolin containing 6-benzylamino purine, gibberellin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin lactones, heteroauxin, ethanol 40%, glycerine 5%, surplus in component.

Wherein 6-benzylamino purine is the basic element of cell division of first man work synthesis, there is the decomposition suppressing leaves of plants inner chlorophyll, nucleic acid, protein, protect green anti-old, by amino acid, growth hormone, mineral salt etc. to multiple usefulness such as treatment sites allocation and transportation, be widely used in agricultural, fruit tree and horticultural crop each stage from germinateing to gathering in the crops.

The most outstanding effect of gibberellin is the elongation accelerating cell, gibberellin can improve the content of growth hormone in plant corpus, and growth hormone directly regulates the elongation of cell, also facilitation is had to the division of cell, it can promote the expansion of cell, but does not cause the acidifying of cell wall, and gibberellin also has the elongation growth of stem, leaf, the formation of induction α-amylase, accelerates the physiological action of cell division, mature cell longitudinal tensile strain, internodal cell elongation.

Methyl α-naphthyl acetate can promote cell division and expansion, and induced synthesis adventive root increases setting, prevents shedding, changes female, male flower ratio, can enter in plant, with nutritional flow transporting to complete stool through the tender epidermis of blade, branch.

Heteroauxin can promote cell division and Growth of Cells, induced synthesis adventive root, increases setting, prevents shedding, change female, male flower ratio.

Compound sodium nitrophenolate has and promotes cellular plasm flowing, improves cell viability, accelerates vine growth and development, short root strong sprout, flower and fruit protecting, bears fruit and expand, improve output, enhancing anti-adversity ability.

Brassin lactones has flower and fruit protecting, significantly improves percentage of fertile fruit, and fruit growth is fast, and fruit size is even, painted good, increases sweet, and precocious volume increase, improves the effect of cold tolerance.

Above-mentioned 6-benzylamino purine, gibberellin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin lactones, heteroauxin mutually collaborative, complementation are more conducive to sprout growth in plant.Especially the synthetic operation of each hormone above-mentioned under adopting the effect of compound sodium nitrophenolate, has more the effect attracting the allocation and transportation of nutriment orientation, promote cell division differentiation, promote bud Growth and Differentiation, remove plant apical dominance, break bud dormancy; There is active cell vigor, significantly accelerate the effect of the elongation growth of cell, more efficiently, more stable, safer, thus stratification, promote the elongation growth of axis, leaf.

Because ethanol itself has good dissolubility, stronger cell membrane penetration power, strong cell stability, and there is the ability that scavenging activated oxygen improves plant metabolism, the experiment proved that after adopting and using it as hormone solvent, each component energy quick penetration plant sleeping bud cell membrane in rudiment agent of the present invention, orientation enters cell, drug effect is improved greatly, and action time shortens, Be very effective.In addition, in component, with the addition of glycerine, act synergistically with ethanol, moistening effect is better.The present invention uses lanolin to do carrier, and it is the smegma natural materials out having sheep, and stable chemical nature, strong adhesion, duration of efficacy is longer.

Through interpretation, above each component organically combines the Chouzhibao made and has the following advantages: 1), fast improve plant germination speed, shortens the cultivation time, and acceleration seedling is shaping; Break bud dormancy,

Growth increment is increased; The hormonal balance in plant cell can be changed, stratification, accelerate axis, elongate leaf growth; And there is moistening effect, be conducive to protection plant and newly sprout young shoot.

2), medication targeting gives prominence to, and drug action speed is faster, and duration of efficacy is longer.

3), safety non-toxic, be conducive to environment and labour protection.

4), preparation technology is simple, with low cost; Easy and simple to handle, high-efficiency broad spectrum, easy to use.

Confirm that Chouzhibao is to the rudiment of promotion apple, shaping ahead of time, there is obvious leading effect, for exploring the one-tenth flower effect that it promotes second branch further, we have carried out in orchard, Zhu Gu village, Zhongmou County, Henan Province (north) Dong Zhang township and Zhongmou County Korea S Si Xiang orchard the test that Chouzhibao smears young sprout axillalry bud, are now summarized as follows:

(1), basic condition: experimental field gross area 2hm2 (hectare), soil property all belongs to alluvial soil along the Yellow River, 0-20<m soil layer content of organic matter is 008%, respectively at 38 privates 106 (ppm), 42<106109<106 up and down, the managerial skills such as pH value 78-74 subterranean water level 50-65^ rich water, plant protection are higher for nitrogen, phosphorus potassium content.Supply examination apple variety to be that Fuji apple, newly Red Star and the red stock of head are Mains micromalus, distance between rows and hills is 3mX2m and 2m.

(2), coating urgees to young sprout axillalry bud the effect sprouting, become flower: after smearing young sprout axil bud with Chouzhibao, its germination rate is 100%, the average abloom rate 9196% of sublateral shoot.

Table 1 is the short effect sprouted, become flower that Fuji apple, newly Red Star and the red stock of head smear branching promoter for plant:

Table 2 sprouts into colored effect for Starkrimson different conditions young sprout axillalry bud smears the short of branching promoter for plant:

6, the precious each composition of outstanding achievement of the present invention and proportioning obtain on the basis of many experiments result and scientific appraisal.Its formula is formulated as follows according to percentage by weight: forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate respectively account for 24.3%, wetting agent is 5%, balance deionized water, is mixed together adds deionized water by forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, wetting agent, the aqua product of the obtained present composition.

The precious composition of outstanding achievement described in the application forms by forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are composite in certain proportion, wherein forchlorfenuron alcohol is a kind of phenylurea class plant growth regulator with cytokine activity, its biologically active comparatively 6-benzyl aminopurine height 10-100 times, fruit tree cell division can be promoted, promote that cell expansion extends, promote that fruit is loose, improve output; Fresh-keeping.

Brassinosteroid is a kind of novel plant endogenous hormones, be known as active the highest efficient, wide spectrum, nontoxic auxin in the world, it fully can excite the inherent potential of plant, promote plant growth and increase crop yield, improve the cold resistance of crop, improve disease-resistant, the saline-alkaline tolerance of crop, the resistance of reverse of crop is strengthened.

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can improve plant body inner chlorophyll; protein, the content of nucleic acid and photosynthetic rate, improve the activity of peroxidase and nitrate reductase; promote the carbon of plant; nitrogen metabolism, strengthens the absorption of plant to liquid manure and the accumulation of dry matter, water balance in control agent; strengthen crop; fruit tree disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold tolerance; Delay plant senesecence, promote that crop is precocious, increase production, improve the quality of crop; Thus reach volume increase, increase matter.

Therefore forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate three work in coordination with mutually, loose at promotion fruit, under improving output and fresh-keeping prerequisite, there is activation plant metabolism function, improve cold resistance, the effect of growth regulation, effectively can improve the activity of plant peroxidases and nitrate reductase, accelerate plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism, strengthen the absorption of plant to liquid manure and the accumulation of dry matter, water balance in control agent, delays plant senesecence, promote the growth of root system, increase the abiotic anti-adversity ability of plant.Compared with single dose, in technical scheme, create obvious synergistic effect between diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, reduce the consumption of plant growth regulator, improve the effective rate of utilization of liquid.In addition, outstanding achievement treasured of the present invention can improve dry-matter accumulation to plant Wintering Period, and promoting production to crops increases income, and reduces tree vigo(u)r weak to trees.Also be that the rich fruit of the 3rd year has laid solid foundation.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.

Embodiment 1: tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling the 3rd year high yield technology method, comprises the following steps:

Step 1), pretreatment is carried out to tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling: (bud seedling refers to grafting survival but not yet sprouts to choose tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, autumn and winter to next year, the spring went out the young plant of garden field planting then), by the anvil stake on tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, dry short wooden stake and damaged portion are pruned totally, root is soaked 12 hours with the mixed solution containing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in leaching root solution, urea content is 0.3wt%, biphosphate potassium content is 0.3wt%, ABT root-inducing powder No. 6 libation at an ancient wedding ceremony roots are used again before cultivation, specifically branch being dipped in ABT root-inducing powder content is field planting again after 30 seconds in 200 ~ 500 mg/kg aqueous solution.

Step 2) build garden: selected autumn or spring, the apple bud seedling to the tall anvil long shoot type that step 1 processed carried out field planting the latest, planting density is 270 strains/667m2; (spacing in the rows × line-spacing is 100cm × 250cm); Ditching or the dark wide equal 40 ~ 50cm in cave during field planting; Base fertilizer is decomposed manure (such as weed fertilizer or ox, sheep, chicken, pig manure, all can), and fertilizing amount controls at 5000kg/667m2; To plant row south-north direction; Bud is oriented local prevailing wind direction; Collar is lower than soil plane 2 ~ 3cm.When making root system naturally unfold when planting, during grave mound with wet soil carefulness in small, broken bits successively successively envelope step on, reach that seedling is straight, row just, the requirement of real, the Horizon of soil.Thereafter pour water, water foot, irrigate, reach capacity; After water has oozed, spread lid with native face in small, broken bits, in order to avoid moisture rapid evaporation and soil compaction; Overlay film, periphery fastens, and exempts from wind and breaks; And before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, sublateral shoot these material time points in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required.

Step 3) is smeared Chouzhibao and is promoted that fruit tree sends out branch: spring temperature more than 15 DEG C, smears Chouzhibao when resin starts to flow on the sprout that will sprout (needing to send out branch or become bow structure fruit); Each sprout smears the large small pit goaf of small rice grain, and low force is smeared evenly; One bud once; The shoot formed after bud is sprouted continues to smear, goes round and begins again.When smearing branching promoter for plant, medicine is smeared evenly by the mode that positive three circles, three circles can be adopted repeatedly to rub painting, accomplish that the power of rubbing is slim and graceful, put in place, namely not hinder perula, should ensure that again liquid can ooze on perula, bud bed, bastem.As bud during coating has water, should be coated with again after water is dry; If there is precipitation after coating, medicine but can not lose efficacy, and need not repeat to smear.

It is tree-like that step 4) cultivates trunk type: when apple bud seedling young sprout grows tall 100 ~ 120cm, use Chouzhibao from distance ground 80 ~ 90cm, young sprout growing point 10 ~ below 15cm, start to be coated with supermature axillalry bud in first axil, later upwards be coated with a bud every 2 ~ 3 buds counterclockwise along axis trunk (following center is done), till when being applied to height of seedling 2 ~ 3m always; All stay during each painting bud and be not coated with Chouzhibao from growing point to the tip section that lower 15 ~ 20cm is long, to guarantee that growing point has the force and vigor enough upwards grown, branch on axis trunk be must guard against overlapping parallel with left and right up and down, sublateral shoot on axis trunk grow to 50 ~ 60cm long time (the chances are 7-8 month), be coated with lateral bud thereon again, or be coated with lateral bud and side bud behind, object makes it that three sublateral shoots occur, these three sublateral shoots become the fruit branch of result in its in next year; The time of painting Chouzhibao until August, smears, for apple bud seedling result gets material base ready a point born sublateral shoot on axis trunk continuously from May; Side shoot mitogenetic on axis trunk, namely mitogenetic on young sprout sublateral shoot is later fruit-bearing shoot cluster, carries out softening, angle of release, and angle of release can suppress prosperous length, promote flower bud differentiation, is that apple bud seedling is early shaped, the sole indicator of precocity fruiting to its angle of release; With biapiculate bud label support at tip base 2 ~ 5cm place, angle of release reached 100 ~ 120 degree and was as the criterion when each sublateral shoot reaches semi-lignified degree the standard angle of release time; Good in order to avoid upwarp with " W " shape iron wire hook card after angle of release.

The reasonable liquid manure of step 5), ensures that fruit tree is sufficient at whole Growing season liquid manure: water after field planting five times, and this waters for five times and is respectively water of saving one's life, surely root water, rudiment is branched out, and water, young sprout and sublateral shoot are good for long water, and every 10 ~ 15 days once, except the large rainy day; Except watering sufficient water during field planting, from spring to winter, should note before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, the sublateral shoot several material time point in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required.First Growing season irrigates 8 ~ 10 times usually, is substantially to water once in every 7 ~ 15 days, and once, once, once, clay loam 20 ~ 30 days once for medium loam 12 ~ 15 days for light loam 8 ~ 12 days for sandy loam 7 ~ 10 days; Later Growing season can not water.

Apply fertilizer in the mode repeatedly increased progressively on a small quantity, gradually, and match with watering: execute disposable fertilizer and water a water, water after first fertile.4-6 month, impel apple development healthy and strong, Yue Wang more was good based on nitrogenous fertilizer; In 7-8 month, based on phosphorus, potassium, iron, calcium, zinc, boron, promote form bud and improve the bud quality.Fertilizing amount can increase progressively (20g → 25g → 30g → 35g → 40g → 50g → 70g → 90g → 100g → 150g → 200g → 250g gradually from every strain 20g ...), both economize fertilizer like this, young plant growth is good again.

Fertilizing method is granted spray leaf fertilizer with soil and is integrated as good.When young sprout reaches 15 ~ 20cm, blade rises at 5 ~ 8, synchronously apply fertilizer in conjunction with watering, adopt foliar application and soil application to combine mode, every 12 ~ 15 days of number of times once, totally 8 ~ 12 times, water is controlled gradually to June ~ August, force and gradually stop long to prepare flower bud differentiation, fertilizer type before June with nitrogen for main in conjunction with phosphorus potassium, in 6 ~ August based on phosphorus potassium.

During soil application, fertilizer placement should beyond young plant 50cm, and expand with tree crown later and outwards expand fertilising radius, fertilising ditch depth 15 ~ 20cm, concentric discs fertilization effect is best, with fertilising with watering.Spray leaf fertilizer first when grafting bud puts on display 3 ~ 5 great Ye, spray in later every 5 ~ 10 days once.Spraying fertile kind is urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and concentration 0.3 ~ 0.5wt%, the 7-10 month increases calcium, iron, zinc, boron.Fertile based on blade back spray, blade back blade face combines comparatively science.Should stagger when spray is fertile the high-temperature time of fine day and the time with dew.As needs prevention and elimination of disease and pests, medicine can be sprayed together with fertilizer by respective concentration.

Step 6) apple bud seedling Second Year field technique operation link and points for attention:

(1) continue polishing First Year and do not do enough branch amounts." be coated with precious " with " bud at quarter " and carry out it.

(2) inflorescence " balloon phase " flower thinning dredges flower bud, disc flower in staying, and dredges and goes weakly to spend little flower bud, stays a flower every the every 20 ~ 25cm of platform.

(3) artificial supplementary pollination is carried out, the preparation of pollination liquid: fresh pollen, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, percentage by weight be 3% refined sugar solution, nucleic acid, amino acid is according to the weight ratio of 1:1, add water and be mixed with the solution of 0.3 ~ 0.5% percentage by weight, within every 1 ~ 2 day, spray once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether.

(4) to go out aphid: adopt mieyaling to add water, the solution of preparation original liquid weight 800 ~ 1000 times carries out sprinkling and to go out aphid.

(5) fruit retention: spray the outstanding achievement treasured that percentage by weight is 0.5% after blossom fall when 12 ~ 15 days, spray once, continuous 3 times every 1 ~ 2 day, young fruit diameter, when 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝, every spray in 12 ~ 15 days once, sprays 8 ~ 10 times altogether.

(6) calcium is sprayed: must spray calcareous fertilisers before fruit bagging, described calcareous fertilisers are huge golden calcium, and fulvic acid Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. provides by Shaanxi, and its main component is fulvic acid, take fulvic acid as main component; Or be amino acid calcium, provided by Yangling Shaanxi agriculture doctor company, its main component is amino acid calcium and potassium; Or be that emerald green health calcium is precious, by Shaanxi, longitude and latitude development in science and technology Co., Ltd provides, and its main component is nitrate of lime and boron; Or be calcium treasured 2000, provided by foliage fertilizer trial (demonstration) plant of Shaanxi Province's fruit tree research institute, its main component is nitrate of lime; Or match golden active calcium, Tong Shan bio tech ltd provides by Shaanxi, be carrier with fulvic acid, dissolved in the calcium of high concentration, boron, zinc, potassium, multiple sodium nitrate and high effective additives; Above-mentioned calcareous fertilisers percentage by weight when using controls 0.3 ~ 0.5%.

(7) bagging: double-deck paper bag on cover when fruit diameter is at 1.5 ~ 2cm, removes bag in first 20 days until ripe.

(8) topdress: when after after fruit bagging one week, topdress, object is that short leaf fertilely, short spend into, Tomacon, urge high yield, monthly, 4 ~ 6 times altogether, combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and after bagging, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, based on blade back, positive and negative combination, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week;

Described topdressing refers to that employing Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer or composite fertilizer heart linked to heart apply fertilizer, and the composite fertilizer selected requires that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content reach 45% percentage by weight, and select secondary and micro-element fertilizers and composite fertilizer to adopt 1:1 weight ratio mixed; Combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and fertilizer used is foliage fertilizer, and foliage fertilizer, after bagging, take blade back as main positive and negative combination, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week.

" Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer " is adopted when topdressing, the nitrogen of Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium total content reach 45%, and with " in synergism micro-fertilizer " with it according to the mixed excellent of weight ratio 1:1, in synergism, micro-fertilizer is containing 11 seed amino acids, separately containing magnesium, sulphur, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and various active material and a large amount of fulvic acid.Object: short leaf is fertile, short spend into, Tomacon, urge high yield.Monthly, have altogether 4 ~ 6 times.

Combined ground is climbed the tree body spray leaf fertilizer with topdressing, foliage fertilizer Chiba Marine biological organic fertilizer, and in composition and synergism, micro-fertilizer is close.After bagging, every 12 ~ 15 days spray, based on blade back, positive and negative combination once, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week.

(9) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: before picking fruit, execute high-quality fertilizer to plucking in rear first quarter moon, consumption is: 20 ~ 40 Jin ∕ strains, add each 50 grams of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and rare earth element amount, in depth lower 30 ~ 40cm, apart from tree 50 ~ 60cm, fertilization mode is: ring channel in conjunction with radial ditch, fertilising after grave mound, water.

(10) fruit harvesting: gather and remove fruit bag for first 20 days, gathers, weighs, charges to archives after fruit face colouring is evenly pure.After fruit picking, tree body evenly sprays foliage fertilizer and bactericide.

The formula total amount 1000 grams calculating of described Chouzhibao (abbreviation code name: CZB and " I " number agent), is formulated as follows according to weight grams: 20 grams, 6-benzylamino purine, gibberellin 50 grams, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 20 grams, compound sodium nitrophenolate 20 grams, brassin lactones 40 grams, heteroauxin 10 grams, ethanol 400 grams, glycerine 50 grams, surplus are liquid lanolin; Mentioned component is put into mulser to carry out emulsification to obtain emulsion be exactly Chouzhibao.The concentration that ethanol is conventional is 65% percentage by weight.Effect: promote cell division, breaking dormancy, short bud sprouting, short lateral bud, side shoot is mitogenetic and grow, promotes that stipes extends, blade hypertrophy raising photosynthetic efficiency.

The formula total amount 1000 grams of described outstanding achievement treasured (abbreviation code name: SGB. " II " number agent) calculates and is formulated as follows according to weight percent amount grams: forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate respectively account for 243 grams, wetting agent is 50 grams, balance deionized water, forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, wetting agent are mixed together and add deionized water, the aqua product of the obtained present composition.Effect: promote that fruit is loose, improve percentage of fertile fruit, promote painted and fruit quality.

Embodiment 2: tall anvil long shoot type apple the 3rd year high yield technology method, comprises the following steps:

Step 1), pretreatment is carried out to tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling: (bud seedling refers to grafting survival but not yet sprouts to choose tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, autumn and winter to next year, the spring went out the young plant of garden field planting then), by the anvil stake on tall anvil long shoot type apple bud seedling, dry short wooden stake and damaged portion are pruned totally, root is soaked 12 hours with the mixed solution containing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in leaching root solution, urea content is 0.5wt%, biphosphate potassium content is 0.5wt%, ABT root-inducing powder No. 10 libation at an ancient wedding ceremony roots are used again before cultivation, specifically branch being dipped in ABT root-inducing powder content is field planting again after 30 seconds in 200 ~ 500 mg/kg aqueous solution.

Step 2) build garden: selected autumn or spring, the apple bud seedling to the tall anvil long shoot type that step 1 processed carried out field planting the latest, planting density is 260 strains/667m2; (spacing in the rows × line-spacing is 100cm × 250cm); Ditching or the dark wide equal 40 ~ 50cm in cave during field planting; Base fertilizer is decomposed manure (such as weed fertilizer or ox, sheep, chicken, pig manure, all can), and fertilizing amount controls at 5000kg/667m2; To plant row south-north direction; Bud is oriented local prevailing wind direction; Collar is lower than soil plane 2 ~ 3cm.When making root system naturally unfold when planting, during grave mound with wet soil carefulness in small, broken bits successively successively envelope step on, reach that seedling is straight, row just, the requirement of real, the Horizon of soil.Thereafter pour water, water foot, irrigate, reach capacity; After water has oozed, spread lid with native face in small, broken bits, in order to avoid moisture rapid evaporation and soil compaction; Overlay film, periphery fastens, and exempts from wind and breaks; And before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, sublateral shoot these material time points in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required.

Step 3) is smeared Chouzhibao and is promoted that fruit tree sends out branch: spring temperature more than 15 DEG C, smears Chouzhibao when resin starts to flow on the sprout that will sprout (needing to send out branch or become bow structure fruit); Each sprout smears the large small pit goaf of small rice grain, and low force is smeared evenly; One bud once; The shoot formed after bud is sprouted continues to smear, goes round and begins again.When the sprout that will sprout smears Chouzhibao, also above object bud, 1-2 millimeter place carries out crescent and carves wound, and deeply reach xylem, then dip in branching promoter for plant uniform application bud with writing brush, each sprout smears the large small pit goaf of small rice grain, and a bud once.

When smearing branching promoter for plant, medicine is smeared evenly by the mode that positive three circles, three circles can be adopted repeatedly to rub painting, accomplish that the power of rubbing is slim and graceful, put in place, namely not hinder perula, should ensure that again liquid can ooze on perula, bud bed, bastem.As bud during coating has water, should be coated with again after water is dry; If there is precipitation after coating, medicine but can not lose efficacy, and need not repeat to smear.

It is tree-like that step 4) cultivates trunk type: when apple bud seedling young sprout grows tall 100 ~ 120cm, use Chouzhibao from distance ground 80 ~ 90cm, young sprout growing point 10 ~ below 15cm, start to be coated with supermature axillalry bud in first axil, later upwards be coated with a bud every 2 ~ 3 buds counterclockwise along axis trunk (following center is done), till when being applied to height of seedling 2 ~ 3m always; All stay during each painting bud and be not coated with Chouzhibao from growing point to the tip section that lower 15 ~ 20cm is long, to guarantee that growing point has the force and vigor enough upwards grown, branch on axis trunk be must guard against overlapping parallel with left and right up and down, sublateral shoot on axis trunk grow to 50 ~ 60cm long time (the chances are 7-8 month), be coated with lateral bud thereon again, or be coated with lateral bud and side bud behind, object makes it that three sublateral shoots occur, these three sublateral shoots become the fruit branch of result in its in next year; The time of painting Chouzhibao until August, smears, for apple bud seedling result gets material base ready a point born sublateral shoot on axis trunk continuously from May; Side shoot mitogenetic on axis trunk, namely mitogenetic on young sprout sublateral shoot is later fruit-bearing shoot cluster, carries out softening, angle of release, and angle of release can suppress prosperous length, promote flower bud differentiation, is that apple bud seedling is early shaped, the sole indicator of precocity fruiting to its angle of release; With biapiculate bud label support at tip base 2 ~ 5cm place, angle of release reached 100 ~ 120 degree and was as the criterion, good in order to avoid upwarp with " ∽ " shape iron wire hook card after angle of release when each sublateral shoot reaches semi-lignified degree the standard angle of release time.

The reasonable liquid manure of step 5), ensures that fruit tree is sufficient at whole Growing season liquid manure: water after field planting five times, and this waters for five times and is respectively water of saving one's life, surely root water, rudiment is branched out, and water, young sprout and sublateral shoot are good for long water, and every 10 ~ 15 days once, except the large rainy day; Except watering sufficient water during field planting, from spring to winter, should note before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, the sublateral shoot several material time point in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required.First Growing season irrigates 8 ~ 10 times usually, is substantially to water once in every 7 ~ 15 days, and once, once, once, clay loam 20 ~ 30 days once for medium loam 12 ~ 15 days for light loam 8 ~ 12 days for sandy loam 7 ~ 10 days; Later Growing season can not water.

Apply fertilizer in the mode repeatedly increased progressively on a small quantity, gradually, and match with watering: execute disposable fertilizer and water a water, water after first fertile.4-6 month, impel apple development healthy and strong, Yue Wang more was good based on nitrogenous fertilizer; In 7-8 month, based on phosphorus, potassium, iron, calcium, zinc, boron, promote form bud and improve the bud quality.Fertilizing amount can increase progressively (20g → 25g → 30g → 35g → 40g → 50g → 70g → 90g → 100g → 150g → 200g → 250g gradually from every strain 20g ...), both economize fertilizer like this, young plant growth is good again.

Fertilizing method is granted spray leaf fertilizer with soil and is integrated as good.When young sprout reaches 15 ~ 20cm, blade rises at 5 ~ 8, synchronously apply fertilizer in conjunction with watering, adopt foliar application and soil application to combine mode, every 12 ~ 15 days of number of times once, totally 8 ~ 12 times, water is controlled gradually to June ~ August, force and gradually stop long to prepare flower bud differentiation, fertilizer type before June with nitrogen for main in conjunction with phosphorus potassium, in 6 ~ August based on phosphorus potassium.

During soil application, fertilizer placement should beyond young plant 50cm, and expand with tree crown later and outwards expand fertilising radius, fertilising ditch depth 15 ~ 20cm, concentric discs fertilization effect is best, with fertilising with watering.Spray leaf fertilizer first when grafting bud puts on display 3 ~ 5 great Ye, spray in later every 5 ~ 10 days once.Spraying fertile kind is urea+potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and concentration 0.3 ~ 0.5wt%, the 7-10 month increases calcium, iron, zinc, boron.Fertile based on blade back spray, blade back blade face combines comparatively science.Should stagger when spray is fertile the high-temperature time of fine day and the time with dew.As needs prevention and elimination of disease and pests, medicine can be sprayed together with fertilizer by respective concentration.

Step 6) apple bud seedling Second Year field technique operation link and points for attention:

(1) continue polishing First Year and do not do enough branch amounts." be coated with precious " with " bud at quarter " and carry out it.

(2) inflorescence " balloon phase " flower thinning dredges flower bud, disc flower in staying, and dredges and goes weakly to spend little flower bud, stays a flower every the every 20 ~ 25cm of platform.

(3) artificial supplementary pollination is carried out, the preparation of pollination liquid: fresh pollen, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, percentage by weight be 3% refined sugar solution, nucleic acid, amino acid is according to the weight ratio of 1:1, add water and be mixed with the solution of 0.3 ~ 0.5% percentage by weight, within every 1 ~ 2 day, spray once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether.

(4) to go out aphid: adopt mieyaling to add water, the solution of preparation original liquid weight 800 ~ 1000 times carries out sprinkling and to go out aphid.

(5) fruit retention: spray the outstanding achievement treasured that percentage by weight is 0.5% after blossom fall when 12 ~ 15 days, spray once, continuous 3 times every 1 ~ 2 day, young fruit diameter, when 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝, every spray in 12 ~ 15 days once, sprays 8 ~ 10 times altogether.

(6) calcium is sprayed: must spray calcareous fertilisers before fruit bagging, described calcareous fertilisers are huge golden calcium, and fulvic acid Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. provides by Shaanxi, and its main component is fulvic acid, take fulvic acid as main component; Or be amino acid calcium, provided by Yangling Shaanxi agriculture doctor company, its main component is amino acid calcium and potassium; Or be that emerald green health calcium is precious, by Shaanxi, longitude and latitude development in science and technology Co., Ltd provides, and its main component is nitrate of lime and boron; Or be calcium treasured 2000, provided by foliage fertilizer trial (demonstration) plant of Shaanxi Province's fruit tree research institute, its main component is nitrate of lime; Or match golden active calcium, Tong Shan bio tech ltd provides by Shaanxi, be carrier with fulvic acid, dissolved in the calcium of high concentration, boron, zinc, potassium, multiple sodium nitrate and high effective additives; Above-mentioned calcareous fertilisers percentage by weight when using controls 0.3 ~ 0.5%.

(7) bagging: double-deck paper bag on cover when fruit diameter is at 1.5 ~ 2cm, removes bag in first 20 days until ripe.

(8) topdress: when after after fruit bagging one week, topdress, object is that short leaf fertilely, short spend into, Tomacon, urge high yield, monthly, 4 ~ 6 times altogether, combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and after bagging, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, based on blade back, positive and negative combination, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week;

Described topdressing refers to that employing Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer or composite fertilizer heart linked to heart apply fertilizer, and the composite fertilizer selected requires that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content reach 45% percentage by weight, and select secondary and micro-element fertilizers and composite fertilizer to adopt 1:1 weight ratio mixed; Combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and fertilizer used is foliage fertilizer, and foliage fertilizer, after bagging, take blade back as main positive and negative combination, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week.

" Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer " is adopted when topdressing, the nitrogen of Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium total content reach 45%, and with " in synergism micro-fertilizer " with it according to the mixed excellent of weight ratio 1:1, in synergism, micro-fertilizer is containing 11 seed amino acids, separately containing magnesium, sulphur, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and various active material and a large amount of fulvic acid.Object: short leaf is fertile, short spend into, Tomacon, urge high yield.Monthly, have altogether 4 ~ 6 times.

Combined ground is climbed the tree body spray leaf fertilizer with topdressing, foliage fertilizer Chiba Marine biological organic fertilizer, and in composition and synergism, micro-fertilizer is close.After bagging, every 12 ~ 15 days spray, based on blade back, positive and negative combination once, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week.

(9) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: before picking fruit, execute high-quality fertilizer to plucking in rear first quarter moon, consumption is: 20 ~ 40 Jin ∕ strains, add each 50 grams of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and rare earth element amount, in depth lower 30 ~ 40cm, apart from tree 50 ~ 60cm, fertilization mode is: ring channel in conjunction with radial ditch, fertilising after grave mound, water.

(10) fruit harvesting: gather and remove fruit bag for first 20 days, gathers, weighs, charges to archives after fruit face colouring is evenly pure.After fruit picking, tree body evenly sprays foliage fertilizer and bactericide.

The formula total amount 1000 grams calculating of described Chouzhibao (abbreviation code name: CZB and " I " number agent), is formulated as follows according to weight grams: 20 grams, 6-benzylamino purine, gibberellin 50 grams, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 20 grams, compound sodium nitrophenolate 20 grams, brassin lactones 40 grams, heteroauxin 10 grams, ethanol 400 grams, glycerine 50 grams, surplus are liquid lanolin; Mentioned component is put into mulser to carry out emulsification to obtain emulsion be exactly Chouzhibao.The concentration that ethanol is conventional is 65% percentage by weight.Effect: promote cell division, breaking dormancy, short bud sprouting, short lateral bud, side shoot is mitogenetic and grow, promotes that stipes extends, blade hypertrophy raising photosynthetic efficiency.

The formula total amount 1000 grams of described outstanding achievement treasured (abbreviation code name: SGB. " II " number agent) calculates and is formulated as follows according to weight percent amount grams: forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate respectively account for 243 grams, wetting agent is 50 grams, balance deionized water, forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, wetting agent are mixed together and add deionized water, the aqua product of the obtained present composition.Effect: promote that fruit is loose, improve percentage of fertile fruit, promote painted and fruit quality.

The breeding time of apple is generally 20-30, but different times, the absorption of the different age of tree to elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are measured also different outward.Keep the high and stable yield type nutrition condition of apple tree, the abundant supply only by clay fertilizer water is far from being enough, also will coordinate by other measures such as prunings.Apple tree is very sensitive to nitrogen, and when nitrogenous fertilizer is too much, fruit tree growth is vigorous, and young sprout presents excessive growth state, stops growing late, canopy, and fruit maturation is delayed, poor quality; When nitrogen is not enough, malnutritive growth is minimum, and young sprout is grown and delayed, and blade is sparse, and fruit is little and easily come off.When soil phophorus is too much, suppresses root system to the absorption of nitrogen, potassium, iron, show the chlorosis of similar iron deficiency; When soil lacks phosphorus, fruit tree rudiment in spring with bloom all slow, bud becomes weak, the new root of principal stresses few after sprouting, and fruit tree tree vigo(u)r weakens simultaneously, the rot that is easy to get, fruit water core.

Aggregate data shows, concerning full bearing period apple tree, produces double centner fruit and needs absorbed nitrogen 0.5 kilogram, 0.25 kilogram, phosphorus, 0.5 kilogram, potassium.Both containing nitrate nitrogen in " sky ridge " board nitric acid phosphorus (or potassium nitrate) fertilizer, again containing ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen has the growth of promotion young sprout, ammonium fertilizer can roll up flower bud differentiation amount, rare earth fertilizer improves outside output in decapacitation, obviously can also improve the quality of apple, as sugariness, degree of staining and mouthfeel etc.Also can select " sky ridge " board nitric acid phosphorus (potassium nitrate) when therefore topdressing to apple in the above-described embodiments, the method for fertilising can adopt spreads manuer in holes, spreads fertilizer over the fields.

Claims (9)

1. a tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1) carries out pretreatment to apple bud seedling: the apple bud seedling choosing tall anvil long shoot type, anvil stake on apple bud seedling, dry short wooden stake and damaged portion are pruned totally, root is soaked 8 ~ 24 hours with the mixed solution containing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, in leaching root solution, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate weight percent content are 0.3% ~ 0.5%, use root-growing agent class medicine libation at an ancient wedding ceremony root before cultivation again;

Step 2) build garden: selected autumn or spring, the apple bud seedling to the tall anvil long shoot type that step 1 processed carried out field planting the latest, planting density is 260 ~ 270 strains/667m2;

Step 3) is smeared Chouzhibao and is promoted that fruit tree sends out branch: spring temperature more than 15 DEG C, resin smears Chouzhibao when starting flowing on the sprout that will sprout; The shoot formed after bud is sprouted continues to smear, goes round and begins again;

It is tree-like that step 4) cultivates trunk type: when apple bud seedling young sprout grows tall 100 ~ 120cm, Chouzhibao is used to be coated with supermature axillalry bud in first axil from apart from 80 ~ 90cm place, ground, upwards be coated with a bud every 2 ~ 3 buds counterclockwise along axis trunk, till when being applied to height of seedling 2 ~ 3m later always; All stay during each painting bud and be not coated with Chouzhibao from growing point to the tip section that lower 15 ~ 20cm is long, to guarantee that growing point has the force and vigor enough upwards grown, branch on axis trunk be must guard against overlapping parallel with left and right up and down, sublateral shoot on axis trunk grow to 50 ~ 60cm long time, be coated with lateral bud thereon again, or be coated with lateral bud and side bud behind, object makes it that three sublateral shoots occur, these three sublateral shoots become the fruit branch of result in its in next year; The time of painting Chouzhibao until August, smears, for apple bud seedling result gets material base ready a point born sublateral shoot on axis trunk continuously from May; Side shoot mitogenetic on axis trunk, namely mitogenetic on young sprout sublateral shoot is later fruit-bearing shoot cluster, carries out softening, angle of release, is that apple bud seedling is early shaped, the sole indicator of precocity fruiting to its angle of release; With biapiculate bud label support at tip base 2 ~ 5cm place, angle of release reached 100 ~ 120 degree and was as the criterion when each sublateral shoot reaches semi-lignified degree the standard angle of release time;

The reasonable liquid manure of step 5), ensures that fruit tree is sufficient at whole Growing season liquid manure;

Step 6) apple bud seedling Second Year field technique operating procedure is specific as follows:

1) continue polishing and do not do enough branch amounts the previous year;

2) flower thinning dredges flower bud: disc flower in staying, and dredges and goes weakly to spend little flower bud;

3) carry out artificial supplementary pollination: the preparation of pollination liquid: fresh pollen, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, percentage by weight be 3% refined sugar solution, nucleic acid, amino acid is according to the weight ratio of 1:1, add water and be mixed with the solution of 0.3 ~ 0.5% percentage by weight, within every 1 ~ 2 day, spray once, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether;

4) to go out aphid: adopt mieyaling to add water, the solution of preparation original liquid weight 800 ~ 1000 times carries out sprinkling and to go out aphid;

5) fruit retention: spray the outstanding achievement treasured that percentage by weight is 0.5% after blossom fall when 12 ~ 15 days, spray once, continuous 3 times every 1 ~ 2 day, young fruit diameter, when 1 ~ 1.5 ㎝, every spray in 12 ~ 15 days once, sprays 8 ~ 10 times altogether;

6) calcium is sprayed: before fruit bagging, calcareous fertilisers must be sprayed;

7) bagging: double-deck paper bag on cover when fruit diameter is at 1.5 ~ 2cm, removes bag in first 20 days until ripe;

8) topdress: when fruit bagging is after one week, topdress, object is that short leaf fertilely, short spend into, Tomacon, urge high yield, monthly, 4 ~ 6 times altogether, combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and after bagging, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, based on blade back, positive and negative combination, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week;

9) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: to plucking organic fertilizer in rear first quarter moon before picking fruit, consumption is: 20 ~ 40 Jin ∕ strains, add each 50 grams of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, molybdenum and rare earth element amount, in depth lower 30 ~ 40cm, apart from tree 50 ~ 60cm, fertilization mode is: ring channel in conjunction with radial ditch, fertilising after grave mound, water;

10) fruit harvesting: gather and remove fruit bag for first 20 days, gathers, weighs, charges to archives after fruit face colouring is evenly pure, and after fruit picking, tree body evenly sprays foliage fertilizer and bactericide.

2. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1), described root-growing agent class medicine is ABT root-inducing powder, the model of ABT root-inducing powder selects one of No. 6-10, and specifically branch being dipped in ABT root-inducing powder content is field planting again after 30 seconds in 200 ~ 500 mg/kg aqueous solution.

3. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2) in, during field planting, ditching or acupoint depth and width are 40 ~ 50cm, base fertilizer is decomposed manure, fertilizing amount controls at 5000kg/667m2, plant behavior south-north direction, sprout position is oriented local prevailing wind direction, and collar is lower than soil plane 2 ~ 3cm; Water permeable during field planting, and before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, sublateral shoot these material time points in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required.

4. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 3), when the sprout that will sprout smears Chouzhibao, also above object bud, 1-2 millimeter place carries out crescent and carves wound, deeply reach xylem, dip in branching promoter for plant uniform application bud with writing brush again, each sprout smears the large small pit goaf of small rice grain, and a bud once.

5. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 5), except watering sufficient water during field planting, from spring to winter, should note before rudiment, take out prosperous long-term, the sublateral shoot several material time point in vegetative period of tip phase, young sprout and water, other times water as required, and first Growing season irrigates 8 ~ 10 times usually, within every 7 ~ 15 days, water once

When young sprout reaches 15 ~ 20cm, blade rises at 5 ~ 8, synchronously apply fertilizer in conjunction with watering, adopt foliar application and soil application to combine mode, every 12 ~ 15 days of number of times once, totally 8 ~ 12 times, water is controlled gradually to June ~ August, force and gradually stop long to prepare flower bud differentiation, fertilizer type before June with nitrogen for main in conjunction with phosphorus potassium, in 6 ~ August based on phosphorus potassium.

6. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 6), described calcareous fertilisers are huge golden calcium, and by Shaanxi, fulvic acid Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. provides, and its main component is fulvic acid, take fulvic acid as main component; Or be amino acid calcium, provided by Yangling Shaanxi agriculture doctor company, its main component is amino acid calcium and potassium; Or be that emerald green health calcium is precious, by Shaanxi, longitude and latitude development in science and technology Co., Ltd provides, and its main component is nitrate of lime and boron; Or be calcium treasured 2000, provided by foliage fertilizer trial (demonstration) plant of Shaanxi Province's fruit tree research institute, its main component is nitrate of lime; Or match golden active calcium, Tong Shan bio tech ltd provides by Shaanxi, be carrier with fulvic acid, dissolved in the calcium of high concentration, boron, zinc, potassium, multiple sodium nitrate and high effective additives; Above-mentioned calcareous fertilisers percentage by weight when using controls 0.3 ~ 0.5%.

7. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 6), described in topdress and refer to and adopt Rake Si Wang composite fertilizer or composite fertilizer heart linked to heart to apply fertilizer,

The composite fertilizer selected requires that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content reach 45% percentage by weight, and select secondary and micro-element fertilizers and composite fertilizer to adopt 1:1 weight ratio mixed; Combined ground topdresses and climbs the tree that to carry out spray fertile on body blade face over the ground, and fertilizer used is foliage fertilizer, and foliage fertilizer, after bagging, take blade back as main positive and negative combination, spray in every 12 ~ 15 days once, totally 4 ~ 6 times, until fruit harvesting stop-spraying the last week.

8. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the formula of described Chouzhibao is formulated as follows according to percentage by weight: 6-benzylamino purine 2%, gibberellin 5%, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 2%, compound sodium nitrophenolate 2%, brassin lactones 4%, heteroauxin 1%, ethanol 40%, glycerine 5%, surplus are liquid lanolin; Mentioned component is put into mulser to carry out emulsification to obtain emulsion be exactly Chouzhibao, concentration of alcohol is weight percentage 65%.

9. tall anvil long shoot type apple high yield method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the formula of described outstanding achievement treasured is formulated as follows according to percentage by weight: forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate respectively account for 24.3%, wetting agent is 5%, balance deionized water, forchlorfenuron alcohol, brassinosteroid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, wetting agent are mixed together and add deionized water, the aqua product of the obtained present composition.