CN106358773A - Trunk tree form cultivation method for walnut tree - Google Patents

Trunk tree form cultivation method for walnut tree Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106358773A
CN106358773A CN201610804292.3A CN201610804292A CN106358773A CN 106358773 A CN106358773 A CN 106358773A CN 201610804292 A CN201610804292 A CN 201610804292A CN 106358773 A CN106358773 A CN 106358773A
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branch
tree
trunk
year
bud
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CN106358773B (en
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张强
黄闽敏
王国安
杨俊杰
李西萍
古扎丽
王明
杨红丽
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FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE XINJIANG ACADEMY OF FORESTRY
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a trunk tree form cultivation method for a walnut tree. The cultivation method is implemented in three years, and comprises the following specific operating steps: 1) in the first layer, performing direct seedling to build an orchard or performing field planting on grafted seedlings for live keeping; 2) in the second year and the third year, performing three form cultivation; 3) at the end of the third year, finishing trunk tree form cultivation. The method has the beneficial effects that the tree form structure is simplified by one level compared with the conventional cultivation, only three levels of a trunk, main branches and side branches are formed, the light utilization ratio is increased greatly, and the advantage of light energy conversion on the aspects of nutrient growth and reproductive growth becomes more remarkable; the all-orchard light utilization ratio is increased by over 50 percent, the using amount of water and fertilizer is reduced by over 60 percent, and the labor force is saved by 30 percent; a trimming technology is simplified, the workload is lowered greatly, and the nutrient loss is lowered to the maximum extent; fruiting branch groups can be updated rapidly and easily, and a basis is laid for later-stage yield increase and quality improvement; the crown height and size are reduced greatly, and greater convenience is brought to harvesting and other production operation.

Description

The tree-like breeding method of walnut " trunk type "
Technical field
The present invention relates to industrial crops plantation breeding method technical field is and in particular to the tree-like training of walnut " trunk type " Educate method.
Background technology
Semen Juglandiss belong to Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Juglandaceae, Juglans, are tall and big deciduous trees, originate near East area, also known as Semen Juglandiss, Qiang's Fructus Persicae, both can eat raw, stir-fry and eat it is also possible to extract oil, prepare cake, confection etc., not only delicious, and Nutritive value is very high, is described as " long live son ", " Solanum muricatum ", with almond, Fructus anacardii, Semen coryli heterophyllae and referred to as world-renowned " four is dry greatly Really ".
Semen Juglandiss light, drought-enduring, but be afraid of flood, be afraid of saline and alkaline, diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, adapts to multiple climatic environment conditions and soil Earth type.The kernel of Semen Juglandiss contains abundant nutritional labeling, and every hectogram contains 15~20 grams of protein, 60~70 grams of fat, carbon water 10 grams of compound, and calcium needed by human, phosphorus, ferrum, carotene, riboflavin (vitamin b2), vitamin b6, vitamin e, recklessly The nutrient substance such as Folium Persicae quinone, phospholipid, tannin.Nutritional labeling in Semen Juglandiss, has excellent health functions to cranial nerve, has preventing and treating tremulous pulse Effect of hardening.Trace element in Semen Juglandis is that human body is indispensable, has promotion glucose utilization, cholesterol metabolism, guarantor Shield heart blood vessel and the function of defying age.
Because Semen Juglandiss belong to big crown type Qiaoization seeds, in usual production, problems with easily occurs: one is interior thorax branch and leaf phase Mutually shelter from heat or light, illumination utilization rate is poor, branch excessive growth is not enriched, move outside setting fruit position;Two is that fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates relatively slowly, easy senilism, Impact yield and quality lifting;Three is to prune that work amount is big every year, and one side pruning technique is difficult to grasp, and on the other hand meaningless supports Divide loss amount huge;Four is that tree body is tall and big, is not easy to harvesting and other production operation.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is aiming at above-mentioned defect of the prior art, there is provided the tree-like training of walnut " trunk type " Educate method, for conventional Semen Juglandiss tree-like tall and big, light efficiency is low, easy senilism, prune difficulty big the problems such as carry out technical method improvement, letter Change Semen Juglandiss tree management, simplify pruning measure, simplify water and fertilizer management, make illumination utilization rate, the easy journey of daily cultivation management Degree is increased dramatically.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention provides is: the tree-like breeding method of walnut " trunk type ", Described breeding method divides 3 years and completes, and concrete operation step is:
1) First Year, live building well or grafting field planting keep-alive:
A) building well:
It is divided into grafting field planting building well and live building well;Described grafting is colonized the field planting seeding row spacing 4-5m of building well, spacing in the rows 2m, Seedling Wooden optional stage breeding walnut grafting Seedling;Described live building well is using local farmers' thickness shell Walnut Seed, Stratificated treatment, spring Covering with plastic film is sowed, seeding row spacing 2m × 4-5m, every bunch planting kind 3, and the healthy and strong seedling of 1 plant of growing way of selecting and remain after emerging is cooked stock;The 2 year spring away from ground 10cm stump, when young sprout at the beginning of 6 months grows to more than 1 meter, at the 30cm of ground, that is, with diameter greater than Carry out bud at 1.0cm to connect;
B) it is colonized building well slow seedling:
Semen Juglandiss seedling-slowing stage is longer, and new field planting Juglans are less in the first year increment, and longer period of time is all in root system spontaneous recovery With slow seedling state, new field planting Juglans are in First Year guarantee moisture supply in time it is ensured that planting stock survives;Carry out trunk simultaneously Bondage, trunk bondage refer to treelet trunk slow seedling after the branch and leaf that go out of restoration ecosystem pumping when top-heavy phenomenon occurs, set in time Column, bamboo pole or wooden pole, trunk are fixed with column bondage, prevent from causing windbreak;
C) rich water quality management:
When newly sending out a branch growth amount and reaching more than 5cm, continuous drip irrigation liquid bio bacterial manure 3 times, promote nursery stock robust growth, drip irrigation Frequency be average 7 days once, 2h/time, water consumption 10 m3/ time mu;After mid-August, water and fertilizer control to winter irrigation, promote branch Lignifying;Before apply base manure by the end of October, sowing amount is 1m3/ mu;
2) second and third year, tree-like culture:
A) tree-like culture:
Shaping measure includes once pinching, carve bud, the dry Extending culture in center, crownling's branch support branch, major branch draw a pinching and height of tree control System;
Described once pinching refers to: before Semen Juglandiss are sprouted by the end of March, dry to center pinches, on first full bud under top Square 5cm position carries out cutting back, stimulates bottom side shoot to sprout;
Described bud of carving refers to: after April early and middle ten dayses Semen Juglandiss start rudiment, center is done with upper smooth bar part and carries out carving bud, carve bud position At 0.5~1cm above kryptoblast point, kerf width is 1/2nd of branch, carves and is deep to phloem and does not injure xylem, carves Timely use antibacterial after bud and process quarter bud point;
The dry Extending culture in described center refers to: newly sends out in major branch, more upright doing upwards as center in stalwartness, position of selecting and remain Extending culture;Center is done when often growing tall 30cm upwards, and continuous 2~3 pinching of pinching promote next layer of major branch and sprout with cultivation results Female branch;
Described crownling's branch supports branch and refers to: except do as center other newly send out major branches, i.e. following bearing basal shoot, when long to 8~ During 10cm, strut base angle to 90 with toothpick;
Described major branch draws a pinching to refer to: major branch grow to 30~40cm long when, with the rope made of hemp, branch is evened up to 90;Major branch Carry out pinching during raw 8 compound leaves, and extract front 4 compound leaves, promote side shoot pumping;
Described height of tree control refers to: when height of tree length is to 3.5m, continuously pinches, controls it to continue up growth;
B) rich water quality management:
Semen Juglandiss " trunk type " cultivation need to be combined closely with water-saving irrigation project, improve drip irrigation system, be easy to carry out in order rich water one Integrative management, recommended rate of fertilizer application is: diamidogen 80 gram/plant year, in potash fertilizer 40 gram/plant year, applies with drip irrigation gradation, applies by the end of October Base manure, 1m3/ mu;Drip irrigation frequency is: average 7 days are once, 2h/time, water consumption 10 m3/ time mu;After mid-August, control water control Fertile control the too fast growth of branch to winter irrigation, promote branch lignifying it is ensured that safety of surviving the winter.
3) " trunk type " tree-like culture completes:
To being fully completed at the end of the 3rd, the height of tree controls in 3.5m the tree-like culture of Semen Juglandiss " trunk type ", within hat width 2 m, fixed dry Height 60cm, 30~40, Herb cultivation results branch.
Beneficial effects of the present invention compared with prior art, have a following remarkable advantage:
1st, tree height reduction one-level compared with traditional cultivation, is only divided into trunk, major branch (bearing basal shoot), side shoot (fruitful branch) Three-level (traditional cultivation tree structure divides trunk, major branch, bearing basal shoot, fruitful branch level Four), illumination utilization rate is greatly improved, Quantasome is nourished and grown now and the advantage of reproductive growth becomes apparent from;
2nd, full garden illumination utilization rate improves more than 50%, and liquid manure puts into and reduces by more than 60%, and human input saves 30%;
3rd, pruning technique is simplified, and pruning workload greatly reduces, and meaningless nutrient loss is down to bottom line;
4th, fruit-bearing shoot cluster can comparatively fast be updated, and update and be also relatively easy to, and is that the lifting of later stage yield and quality lays the foundation;
5th, height of tree crown, volume are all greatly reduced, convenient harvesting and other production operations.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In Wenxiu County woody grain and oil forest farm Xinjiang forest-science academy Selection And Breeding of Fine Strains In Walnut experiment garden (east longitude: 37 ° 03 ', north latitude: 79 ° 49 '), this garden is located at Xinjiang South Sinkiang Northwestern Margin of Tarim Basin, belongs to the desert climate of warm temperate zone arid, and heat enriches, highest 38.4 DEG C of temperature.Soil is sandy loam, and soil layer is deep, good permeability, plants old farmer area for continuous, the content of organic matter is medium, Suitable Semen Juglandiss plantation.(temperature 185, new 2) improve method Trees of Walnut stiff wood grafting, concrete steps to select two improved variety of walnut As follows:
Spring in 2013 in fine-variety breeding experiment garden field planting grafting with improved seed strong sprout, plantation density (spacing in the rows × line-spacing): 2m × 4m, 83 plants every mu;Feed water in time after seedling planting, promote slow seedling and backfill to sink real;
(2) in late May, 2013, nursery stock starts the first growth after slow seedling, and vertical pillar (being bamboo pole) by nursery stock trunk and is propped up Post bondage is fixed, and prevents windbreak it is ensured that dry type is upright;
(3) Semen Juglandiss transplanting current increment is less, and 2014 annual main working tasks are to weed with a hoe in time, ensure that moisture content supplies Should, promote seedling root to recover with overground part slow seedling it is ensured that planting stock survival rate;
(4) average 7 days one time drip irrigation, 2h/time, water consumption 10 m3/ time mu;When newly a branch growth amount reaches more than 5cm, In conjunction with the continuous 3 times liquid bio bacterial manure of drip irrigation, promote nursery stock robust growth;After mid-August, water and fertilizer control to winter irrigation, promote branch Bar lignifying;Before apply 1m by the end of October3/ mu decay sheep excrement;
(5) in second and third year after Semen Juglandiss field planting, enter fast growing period, increment is larger.Semen Juglandiss sprouting in by the end of March, 2014 Before, do 5cm position above first full bud under top at center and carry out cutting back;
(6), after in early April, 2014 Semen Juglandiss start rudiment, center is done and does not have the smooth bar part of branch and leaf to carry out carving bud;
(7) the first tenday period of a month in May, 2014, when nursery stock trunk is highly grown to 60cm, continuous 2~3 pinching of pinching, promote ground floor major branch and sprout Send out;Extend growth newly sending out more upright doing continuation and cultivate as center in growing way stalwartness, position of selecting and remain in major branch upwards, its Remaining as major branch (namely bearing basal shoot from now on) culture, newly send out major branch when long to 8~10cm when, strut base angle to 90 with toothpick º;
In mid or late May, 2014 major branch grow to 30~40cm long when, with the rope made of hemp, one is fixed at major branch front end 1/3, separately One end and trunk or in underground preburied earth anchorage, branch is evened up to 90;When major branch raw 8 compound leaves, extract first 4 again Leaf and terminal bud;
(9) at the beginning of in June, 2014-August, center is done when often growing tall 30cm upwards, and continuous 2~3 pinching of pinching promote next layer of major branch Sprout and continue cultivation results mother's branch;
(10) after in mid-August, 2014, water and fertilizer control to winter irrigation, control the too fast growth of branch, promote branch lignifying;
Every 7 days about drip irrigations once, each 2-3h;Annual recommended rate of fertilizer application: diamidogen 80 gram/plant year, potash fertilizer 40 gram/plant Year, applied with drip irrigation gradation before mid-August;After mid-August, water and fertilizer control to winter irrigation, control the too fast growth of branch, promote branch Lignifying is it is ensured that safety of surviving the winter;Apply 1m by the end of October3/ mu decay sheep excrement;
(12) task in 2015 is essentially identical with 2014, repeats (5)~(11) step;
Cultivate through 2013-2015 3 years is continuous, specular removal is tree-like basically forms for Semen Juglandiss " trunk type ", mean stand height 3.7m, hat width 1.6 m, heading height 60cm, the average Herb 34 of fruitful branch (group).
Finally it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention, Although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for a person skilled in the art, it still may be used To modify to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to wherein some technical characteristics. All any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made etc., should be included in the present invention's Within protection domain.

Claims (1)

1. walnut " trunk type " tree-like breeding method is it is characterised in that described breeding method divides 3 years completes, concrete operations Step is:
1) First Year, live building well or grafting field planting keep-alive:
A) building well:
It is divided into grafting field planting building well and live building well;Described grafting is colonized the field planting seeding row spacing 4-5m of building well, spacing in the rows 2m, Seedling Wooden optional stage breeding walnut grafting Seedling;Described live building well is using local farmers' thickness shell Walnut Seed, Stratificated treatment, spring Covering with plastic film is sowed, seeding row spacing 2m × 4-5m, every bunch planting kind 3, and the healthy and strong seedling of 1 plant of growing way of selecting and remain after emerging is cooked stock;The 2 year spring away from ground 10cm stump, when young sprout at the beginning of 6 months grows to more than 1 meter, at the 30cm of ground, that is, with diameter greater than Carry out bud at 1.0cm to connect;
B) it is colonized building well slow seedling:
New field planting Juglans ensure moisture supply in time it is ensured that planting stock survives in First Year;Carry out trunk bondage simultaneously, main Dry bondage refer to treelet trunk slow seedling after the branch and leaf that go out of restoration ecosystem pumping when top-heavy phenomenon occurs, establish post, bamboo in time Pole or wooden pole, trunk are fixed with column bondage, prevent from causing windbreak;
C) rich water quality management:
When newly sending out a branch growth amount and reaching more than 5cm, continuous drip irrigation liquid bio bacterial manure 3 times, promote nursery stock robust growth, drip irrigation Frequency be average 7 days once, 2h/time, water consumption 10 m3/ time mu;After mid-August, water and fertilizer control to winter irrigation, promote branch Lignifying;Before apply base manure by the end of October, sowing amount is 1m3/ mu;
2) second and third year, tree-like culture:
A) tree-like culture:
Shaping measure includes once pinching, carve bud, the dry Extending culture in center, crownling's branch support branch, major branch draw a pinching and height of tree control System;
Described once pinching refers to: before Semen Juglandiss are sprouted by the end of March, dry to center pinches, on first full bud under top Square 5cm position carries out cutting back, stimulates bottom side shoot to sprout;
Described bud of carving refers to: after April early and middle ten dayses Semen Juglandiss start rudiment, center is done with upper smooth bar part and carries out carving bud, carve bud position At 0.5~1cm above kryptoblast point, kerf width is 1/2nd of branch, carves and is deep to phloem and does not injure xylem, carves Timely use antibacterial after bud and process quarter bud point;
The dry Extending culture in described center refers to: newly sends out in major branch, more upright doing upwards as center in stalwartness, position of selecting and remain Extending culture;Center is done when often growing tall 30cm upwards, and continuous 2~3 pinching of pinching promote next layer of major branch and sprout with cultivation results Female branch;
Described crownling's branch supports branch and refers to: except do as center other newly send out major branches, i.e. following bearing basal shoot, when long to 8~ During 10cm, strut base angle to 90 with toothpick;
Described major branch draws a pinching to refer to: major branch grow to 30~40cm long when, with the rope made of hemp, branch is evened up to 90;Major branch Carry out pinching during raw 8 compound leaves, and extract front 4 compound leaves, promote side shoot pumping;
Described height of tree control refers to: when height of tree length is to 3.5m, continuously pinches, controls it to continue up growth;
B) rich water quality management:
Semen Juglandiss " trunk type " cultivation need to be combined closely with water-saving irrigation project, improve drip irrigation system, be easy to carry out in order rich water one Integrative management, recommended rate of fertilizer application is: diamidogen 80 gram/plant year, in potash fertilizer 40 gram/plant year, applies with drip irrigation gradation, applies by the end of October Base manure, 1m3/ mu;Drip irrigation frequency is: average 7 days are once, 2h/time, water consumption 10 m3/ time mu;After mid-August, control water control Fertile control the too fast growth of branch to winter irrigation, promote branch lignifying it is ensured that safety of surviving the winter;
3) " trunk type " tree-like culture completes:
To being fully completed at the end of the 3rd, the height of tree controls in 3.5m the tree-like culture of Semen Juglandiss " trunk type ", within hat width 2 m, fixed dry Height 60cm, 30~40, Herb cultivation results branch.
CN201610804292.3A 2016-09-06 2016-09-06 The tree-like breeding method of walnut " trunk type " Expired - Fee Related CN106358773B (en)

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CN106954507A (en) * 2017-03-16 2017-07-18 贵州省园艺研究所 A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method
CN107409901A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-12-01 铜仁市绿缘生态农林发展有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of peach high yield
CN107484616A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-12-19 塔里木大学 A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font
CN109673403A (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-04-26 韦健 A kind of walnut and the numb interplanting method of corn, fire
CN111448933A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-07-28 新疆林科院经济林研究所 Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106954507A (en) * 2017-03-16 2017-07-18 贵州省园艺研究所 A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method
CN107409901A (en) * 2017-05-31 2017-12-01 铜仁市绿缘生态农林发展有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of peach high yield
CN107484616A (en) * 2017-09-08 2017-12-19 塔里木大学 A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font
CN109673403A (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-04-26 韦健 A kind of walnut and the numb interplanting method of corn, fire
CN111448933A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-07-28 新疆林科院经济林研究所 Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree

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