CN111448933A - Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree - Google Patents
Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN111448933A CN111448933A CN202010235655.2A CN202010235655A CN111448933A CN 111448933 A CN111448933 A CN 111448933A CN 202010235655 A CN202010235655 A CN 202010235655A CN 111448933 A CN111448933 A CN 111448933A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-head optimization technology for a walnut big tree, which comprises the following three steps: 1) the main branch and the side branch are retracted again in spring to stimulate new branches with vigorous and vigorous growth; 2) carrying out multi-branch and multi-position bud grafting on the new branches from the bottom of the month 5 to the middle ten days of the month 6; 3) and (4) strengthening management and protection after grafting and promoting early recovery of tree form and tree vigor. Compared with the traditional method for improving the variety of the big walnut tree by adopting the trunk-cut hard grafting and the main branch hard grafting, the method has the advantages of small invasive wound, less nutrition and moisture loss, easy healing of the fracture part, small damage to the tree vigor of the tree body, firm healing and growth of the grafting part, quick recovery of the tree shape, and the yield can be recovered to more than 120kg in the second year after grafting. The technical method is simple, mature and easy to learn, the survival rate is relatively high, the tree form is easy to culture and form quickly, the yield can be recovered quickly, and the method is easy to accept by the masses. Compared with the improvement of the hard branch grafting of the big tree, the method is easier for common fruit growers to learn and master, and is widely popularized and applied in the field improvement of the walnut hybrid tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting and cultivating methods of economic crops, in particular to a method for improving and cultivating improved varieties of large walnut trees.
Background
The walnut belongs to angiosperma, dicotyledonae, juglandaceae and juglans, is a tall deciduous tree which is originally produced in the near east region and is also called as walnut and walnut, can be eaten raw or fried, can also be used for extracting oil, preparing cakes, candies and the like, has delicious taste and high nutritional value, is known as 'ten thousand years old' and 'longevity fruit', and is called as 'four famous dry fruits' in the world together with almond, cashew nut and hazelnut.
The walnut is light-loving and drought-enduring, but afraid of waterlogging, afraid of salt and alkali, strong in disease and pest resistance, and can adapt to various climatic environment conditions and soil types. The walnut kernel contains rich nutrient components, each hundred grams of the walnut kernel contains 15 to 20 grams of protein, 60 to 70 grams of fat, 10 grams of carbohydrate and nutrient substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, riboflavin (vitamin B2), vitamin B6, vitamin E, juglone, phospholipid, tannin and the like which are necessary for a human body. The nutritional ingredients in the walnut have good health care effect on cranial nerves and have the effect of preventing and treating arteriosclerosis. The microelements in the walnut kernel are indispensable for human body, and have the functions of promoting glucose utilization and cholesterol metabolism, protecting cardiovascular system and resisting aging.
As the walnut belongs to the big crown type arbor tree species, the following problems are easy to occur in the good variety improving process of the normal old seedling trees and the mixed variety trees: firstly, the whole plant dies after the grafting is changed due to improper method; secondly, the tree vigor is damaged due to improper adoption of the method, and even if the grafting is changed into the optimum and survived, the tree grows badly in the later period, so that the economic productivity is lost; thirdly, trunk cutting or main branch cutting hard grafting is commonly used in the conventional method for improving the walnut big trees: on one hand, the damage to the root systems of the trees on the upper part and the underground part is large, and the tree vigor is damaged; on the other hand, the grafting opening has large invasive wound, rot is easy to infect, the wound is difficult to heal for years, or even if the surface heals, the actual internal healing growth is not firm, and the grafting opening is easy to wind in extreme weather; in the third aspect, the tree form is difficult to culture and shape, and economic yield can not be achieved for 3-5 years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-head optimization technology for a large walnut tree aiming at the defects of the prior art, and aims to optimize and improve the outstanding problems of high optimization fatality, damage to tree vigor, difficulty in healing or infirm healing of a grafting opening, difficulty in culturing the tree shape, slow recovery of economic productivity and the like in the conventional optimization process of the large walnut tree, so that the method is simple, mature and easy to learn, the difficulty in specific implementation and operation is greatly reduced, the damage to the tree body is minimized, the survival rate is relatively high, the vegetative growth quantity is large in the current year, and the tree shape, the tree vigor and the yield can be quickly recovered.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a technology for improving the quality of a big walnut tree at multiple ends is completed in three steps, and comprises the following specific operation steps:
1) firstly, the main branch and the lateral branch are retracted again in spring to stimulate the generation of new branches with vigorous growth.
a) The main branches and the lateral branches are retracted repeatedly in spring for a plurality of times, and the method comprises the following steps: the tree age is larger, the base diameter of the main branch is more than 8cm, the retracted side branch does not retract the main branch, and the specific retraction position is 20-50cm away from the branch of the side branch and the main branch; the tree age is not large, the base diameter of the main branch is less than 8cm, and the specific retraction position is 20-30cm of the bifurcation of the main branch and the trunk. The aim is to minimize wound cross-section and tree potential damage.
b) After re-retraction, the fracture part is sterilized and disinfected by using 700 to 1000 parts of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder, then the fracture section is uniformly and completely coated by using a sealing healing agent, and when the fracture part is larger, the fracture part can be wrapped by using a black double-layer mulching film. The purpose is to protect the wound, reduce the loss of nutrition and water distribution (dispersion) and reduce the infection probability of pathogenic bacteria; secondly, the wound healing and growth can be accelerated under the shading condition.
2) And step two, multi-branch and multi-position budding in the late 5-6 ten days of the month.
a) And (4) in the middle ten days of 5-6 months, the new long branches are semi-lignified, and the scion buds grow fully, namely the grafting period is the best. Sufficient water is poured in the week before grafting, and water is not poured in the grafting period and the week after grafting.
b) Before budding, firstly, selectively removing and reserving newly-developed strong branches after re-retraction according to the position of the emergence, and reserving 2-3 new branches on each main branch or side branch, wherein the corresponding positions of the reserved new branches are reasonably staggered;
c) selecting a relatively smooth part at the outer side of the lower part of the new branch at the bud grafting position, reserving 1 branch of compound leaves on the bud grafting position, cutting short, and completely removing the lower leaves;
d) and (3) grafting 1-2 buds on each branch according to the condition, uniformly selecting the left side and the right side at the position, staggering the left side and the right side up and down, and adopting square budding or double-door budding in a budding method.
3) And thirdly, strengthening management and protection after grafting and promoting early recovery of tree form and tree vigor.
a) After the strong grafting, the management and protection are enhanced, and the sprouts growing on the branches of the rootstock are removed in time so as to concentrate nutrition and promote the sprouting of the grafted sprouts.
b) And (5) checking whether the seedlings survive or not 10-15 days after grafting, and timely performing supplementary grafting when the seedlings fail to survive.
c) When young shoots grow to about 20cm, the young shoots are timely loosely bound, and the influence on the normal growth of the scion buds is avoided.
d) And a wind-proof support is arranged to prevent wind from folding and colliding.
e) After 15 days, inorganic fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied for 1-2 times (20 days apart, depending on the situation) to promote the vegetative growth of the scion bud.
f) And (3) timely topping and pinching when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 70-80 cm long, so that the branches are prevented from being bent on one hand, and the lignification degree of the young shoots is improved on the other hand.
g) In late 8 months, controlling water and fertilizer, slowing down the growth of nutrients, promoting the lignification degree of new branches and preparing for safe overwintering.
h) Various pests occur in the growth period of the young shoots, and the young shoots are prevented and treated in time according to the situation so as to be beneficial to the normal growth of the young shoots.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. because the main branches and the side branches with the base diameter less than 8cm are subjected to multi-head re-retraction, and the hard branch grafting is cut off relative to the cut trunk or the big main branch, the formed wound section is small, the loss of the split (dispersion) of nutrients and water is less, the damage to the overground tree body and the underground root system is minimized, the fracture part at the later stage is easy to heal, and the damage to the tree vigor is small;
2. after re-retraction and bud grafting, new branches and leaves can quickly form a photosynthetic nutrient area, and the prepared photosynthetic nutrients can be supplied to overground parts and underground root systems in time to restore growth.
3. The bud grafting is relatively hard branch grafting, the joint healing growth is fast, the joint part healing growth is firm, the vegetative growth of the young sprout in the current year is large, the tree vigor is fast recovered, the tree form is easy to cultivate and form fast, and the yield in the second year can be fast recovered to more than 120kg (the building garden density is 5m × 6 m).
4. The best improved variety of the big tree can be obtained in the shortest time and with the least damage, the technology is simple, mature and easy to learn, and the wide fruit growers are willing to accept the method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a main branch re-contraction diagram.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a multi-shoot, multi-position bud grafting.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the present invention showing the recovery of growth in the current year.
FIG. 4 is a view of the present invention showing the growth recovery of the whole garden in the same year.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the growth condition (fracture is hard to heal) of a traditional trunk main branch and hard branch grafting for 2 years.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the growth (fracture difficult to heal) after 3 years of the hard grafting.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the growth state (difficulty in culture and formation of a tree) after 3 years of hard grafting.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the growth state (difficulty in culture and formation of a tree) after 3 years of hard grafting.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the growth state (difficulty in culture and formation of a tree) after 3 years of hard grafting.
FIG. 10 is a map of the susceptibility to rot disease at the grafting site of the hard branch.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in Wenchun county, the Tuoxiang 3 village (east longitude: 37 degrees 03 ', northern latitude: 79 degrees 49 ') is located at the northwest edge of a Tarim basin in south Xinjiang, belongs to arid desert climate in warm temperature zones, has abundant heat, has the highest temperature of 38.4 ℃, is sandy loam, has deep soil layer and good air permeability, is used for continuously planting old agricultural regions, has moderate organic matter content and the like, is suitable for walnut planting, is suitable for planting walnut trees in blocks for 15 years, has the building density of 5m × 6m, has original varieties of ' fresh and rich ', has some actual miscellaneous trees individually, is changed into ' warm and new 2 ' of ' improved main improved varieties of Xinjiang walnut according to the will of farmers, and adopts a big tree multi-head improving technology, and has the following specific steps:
(1) in the germination period in 2016, the main branch and the side branch are re-retracted for stimulating the sprouting of new branch. According to the base diameter of the main branch and the side branch, the base diameter of the main branch is more than 8cm, the retracted side branch does not retract the main branch, and the retraction position is 20-50cm away from the branch of the side branch and the main branch; the base diameter of the main branch is less than 8cm, and the retraction position is 20-30cm of the bifurcation of the main branch and the trunk.
(2) After re-retraction, the fracture part is sterilized and disinfected by using 700 to 1000 parts of thiophanate methyl wettable powder with the concentration of 50 percent, then the fracture section is uniformly and completely coated by using the sealing healing agent, and when the fracture part is larger, the fracture is wrapped by using a black double-layer mulching film, so that the nutrition and water shunt (dispersion) loss are reduced, the infection probability of pathogenic bacteria is reduced, and the wound healing growth is accelerated.
(3) And (3) pouring enough bottom water at the bottom of 5 months, half lignification of a newly grown branch is achieved at the beginning of 6 months, and the bud of the scion is fully developed to prepare for grafting. Before grafting, selectively removing and retaining new vigorous branches after the re-retraction according to the positions of the plants, retaining 2-3 new branches on each main branch or side branch, and properly staggering the positions of the new branches up and down and back and forth;
(4) taking the smooth part of the lower outer side of the new branch as a budding position, reserving 1 branch of compound leaves on the bud grafting position, cutting off all the lower leaves;
(5) according to the branch remaining amount and the branch remaining length, 1-2 buds are grafted on each branch, the left side and the right side are evenly selected, and the left side and the right side are staggered up and down;
(6) the bud grafting method adopts square bud grafting or double-door bud grafting.
(7) After the strong grafting, the management and the protection are carried out, and the sprouting on the branches and the shoots are timely erased;
(8) checking survival condition 10 days after grafting, and timely performing supplementary grafting when no survival occurs;
(9) when young shoots grow to about 20cm, the young shoots are timely loosely bound, and a windproof bracket is arranged to prevent wind from folding;
(10) after 15 days, urea is applied once, and diammonium is applied once again in the beginning of 7 months;
(11) topping and pinching when the young shoots grow to 80cm long, preventing branches from bending, and improving the lignification degree of the young shoots;
(12) controlling water and fertilizer in late 8 months to further improve the lignification degree of new branches and prepare for safe overwintering;
(13) removing the bracket at the bottom of 9 months, and properly trimming the new branches in the current year;
(14) and finishing irrigating the overwintering water in the middle 10 th of the month.
(15) The yield of the variety is measured in a modified excellent garden in 2017 years, the yield per dry fruit is 143.4kg, and the average yield per plant is 6.5 kg.
The invention provides a multi-head improving technology for walnut big trees, which is characterized in that multi-head heavy retraction is carried out on main branches and side branches with the base diameter less than 8cm, hard branch grafting is cut off relative to cut stems or the main branches, the formed wound section is small, the loss of nutrients and water is less, the damage to the tree body on the ground and the underground root system is minimized, the fracture part on the ground is easy to heal at the later stage, new branch leaves can quickly form photosynthetic nutrient area after heavy retraction and bud grafting, the nutrients are supplied to the ground and the underground root system is recovered, the bud grafting is relatively hard branch grafting, the joint healing growth is quick, the joint part is firmly healed and grown, the vegetative growth quantity of new shoots in the current year is large, the tree vigor is recovered fast, the tree form is fast and easy to cultivate, the yield in the second year can be rapidly recovered to more than 120kg (the building density is 5m × 6m), and the best improved variety improving effect of the big trees can be fully realized in the shortest time and with the minimum damage, and is accepted.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-head optimization technology for a big walnut tree is characterized by being completed in three steps, and comprising the following operation steps:
1) step one, performing re-retraction on main branches and side branches in spring to stimulate new branches with vigorous and vigorous growth;
2) secondly, multi-branch and multi-position budding is carried out in the middle ten days of 5-6 months;
3) and thirdly, strengthening management and protection after grafting and promoting early recovery of tree form and tree vigor.
2. The big walnut tree multi-head optimization technique according to claim 1, wherein the first step specifically comprises:
a) the main branches and the lateral branches are retracted repeatedly in spring for a plurality of times, and the method comprises the following steps: the tree age is larger, the base diameter of the main branch is more than 8cm, the retracted side branch does not retract the main branch, and the specific retraction position is 20-50cm away from the branch of the side branch and the main branch; the tree age is not large, and the base diameter of the main branch is less than 8 cm; the specific retraction position is 20-30cm from the branch of the main branch and the trunk;
b) after re-retraction, the fracture part is sterilized and disinfected by using 700 to 1000 parts of 50 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder, then the fracture section is uniformly and completely coated by using a sealing healing agent, and when the fracture part is larger, the fracture part can be wrapped by using a black double-layer mulching film.
3. The big walnut tree multi-head optimization technique according to claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises:
a) in the middle ten days of 5-6 months, the new long branches are semi-lignified, and the scion buds grow fully, namely the grafting period is the best; sufficient water is poured in the week before grafting, and water is forbidden in the grafting period and the week after grafting;
b) before budding, firstly, selectively removing and reserving newly-developed strong branches after re-retraction according to the position of the emergence, and reserving 2-3 new branches on each main branch or side branch, wherein the corresponding positions of the reserved new branches are reasonably staggered;
c) selecting a relatively smooth part at the outer side of the lower part of the new branch at the bud grafting position, reserving 1 branch of compound leaves on the bud grafting position, cutting short, and completely removing the lower leaves;
d) and (3) grafting 1-2 buds on each branch according to the condition, uniformly selecting the left side and the right side at the position, staggering the left side and the right side up and down, and adopting square budding or double-door budding in a budding method.
4. The big walnut tree multi-head optimization technique according to claim 1, wherein the third step specifically comprises:
a) after the strong grafting, the management and the protection are enhanced, the sprouts germinated on the branches of the rootstock are removed in time, and the concentrated nutrition is used for promoting the sprouting of the grafted buds;
b) checking whether the grafting survives 10-15 days later, and timely performing supplementary grafting when the grafting survives;
c) when young shoots grow to about 20cm, the young shoots are timely loosely bound, so that the normal growth of the scion buds is prevented from being influenced;
d) a wind-proof bracket is arranged to prevent wind from folding and colliding;
e) after 15 days, inorganic fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer can be applied for 1-2 times (20 days are separated according to the situation) to promote the vegetative growth of the scion bud;
f) timely topping and pinching when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 70-80 cm long, so that the branches are prevented from being bent, and the lignification degree of the young shoots is improved;
g) in late 8 months, controlling water and fertilizer, slowing down the growth of nutrients, promoting the lignification degree of new branches to be improved, and preparing for safe overwintering;
h) various pests occur in the growth period of the young shoots, and the young shoots are prevented and treated in time according to the situation so as to be beneficial to the normal growth of the young shoots.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113439561A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-28 | 河池市林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for scion grafting of sprout branch with leaves by changing crown of large steeped walnut tree |
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Application publication date: 20200728 |