CN103960063A - Fruit tree grafting method - Google Patents
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- CN103960063A CN103960063A CN201410185867.9A CN201410185867A CN103960063A CN 103960063 A CN103960063 A CN 103960063A CN 201410185867 A CN201410185867 A CN 201410185867A CN 103960063 A CN103960063 A CN 103960063A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fruit tree grafting method. The fruit tree grafting method includes the steps that paraffin seal is conducted on scions, industrial paraffin is placed in a deep container and heated and molten, one end of a cut scion branch section is quickly dipped in paraffin liquid, and the other end of the cut scion branch section is quickly dipped in the paraffin liquid. The industrial paraffin comprises paraffin, rosin and oil of turpentine. According to the fruit tree grafting method, water evaporation of the scions is reduced due to paraffin seal, the life force of the scions from grafting to survival is guaranteed, the fruit tree grafting method is simple and easy to learn, and the grafting success rate and the survival rate are both high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grafting method, be specifically related to a kind of fruit-tree grafting method.
Background technology
Existing fruit-tree grafting method, general tree scion is left intact, scion moisture easily evaporates, can not ensure that scion is from grafting to the vitality that survives a period of time, cause grafting success rate also low, and existing graft technology step complexity is loaded down with trivial details, general personnel cannot apply at short notice.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of fruit-tree grafting method.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of fruit-tree grafting method, is characterized in that:
Step 1, gathers scion, gathers scion in conjunction with pruning, and is a bundle by 50 or 100 of kinds;
Step 2, is placed on fringe bar in the dark cellar for storing things of low temperature moisturizing or cavern and preserves, and temperature requirement is lower than 4 ° of C, and humidity reaches more than 90%;
Step 3, the scion of sealing with wax, is first placed on industrial paraffin heating and melting in darker container, the scionwood Duan Yitou shearing is dipped in rapidly in wax liquid, then it is quickly dipped to change other end;
Step 4, regathers scion storage, is placed in cellar, cavern, keep storing interior temperature lower than 4 ° of C, and humidity reaches more than 90%;
Step 5, grafts in scion on stock with the grafting method of bud grafting and scion grafting.
Further, in described step 2, storage time is 2 months.
Further, in described step 3, described wax temperature is 95 ° of C-102 ° of C, and scionwood Duan Yitou dipped in time in 1 second in wax liquid, and time is dipped in also in 1 second in scionwood section other end.
Further, in described step 5, described grafting method can also be seedling grafting method.
Further, in described step 3, the composition of described industrial paraffin comprises: paraffin, rosin and turpentine oil, and above-mentioned paraffin, rosin and terebinthine proportioning are: 10:0.2:0.1.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of fruit-tree grafting method provided by the invention, the scion of sealing with wax makes scion reduce the evaporation of moisture, ensures that scion is from grafting to the vitality that survives a period of time, and easy to learn, the success rate of grafting and survival rate are all higher.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation, principle of the present invention and feature are described, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
One, the sampling and processing of scion
1, select to adapt to local working condition, possess early reality, high yield, high-quality introducing grafting algebraically few, produce healthy and strong elite stand, choose the sturdy developmental branch in annual periphery or fruit bearing shoot that growth is enriched, gather in the whole resting stage of falling leaves before rudiment, general combination is pruned and is gathered, with cutting with adopting, be a bundle by 50 or 100 of kinds, and hang up label.
2, conventional storage way is that fringe bar is adopted back after arrangement, be placed in time dark cellar for storing things or the interior storage of cavern of low temperature moisturizing, and temperature requirement is lower than 4 ° of C, humidity reaches more than 90%, while storage in cellar for storing things, fringe bar Lower Half should be embedded in wet sand, the upper half is exposed, between bundle and bundle, use wet husky isolation, entrance of cellar will cover tightly, and keeps cooling in cellar for storing things, can store like this to late May to early June, humidity in duration of storage is wanted the temperature of running check sand and stored, prevents that the heating of fringe bar from going rotten or dehydration is air-dry.If also can dig storage canal in the high and dry shady spot that cools before frozen soil without cellar, ditch depth 80cm, wide 100cm, length is how many and determine according to fringe bar.Enter the front clean river sand (water content is no more than 10%) that first spreads 2-3cm in ditch of ditch, fringe bar tilts to put in ditch, and filling river sand extremely all buries, groove face upper cover rainproof material.Also the fringe bar of putting in order can be put into plastic sack, insert the moisturizing things such as a small amount of sawdust, river sand, tighten sack, be placed in freezer to preserve, temperature keeps 3-5 ° of C.Its advantage is saving of labor, laborsaving, and shortcoming is the easy dehydration of scion, affects survival rate, so promote the use of now the scion of sealing with wax.
3, the scion of sealing with wax: its objective is: make scion reduce the evaporation of moisture, ensure that scion is from grafting to the vitality that survives a period of time.Its method is after scion gathers, and during by grafting, required length is cut and cut, and general scionwood segment length is 10-15 centimetre, retains 3 more than bud, the full bud of top tool, and what branch was excessively thick should be a little longer, and thin is unsuitable long.While cutting fringe, should note rejecting have damage, rot, dehydration and grow unsubstantial branch, and should wipe out fruit trace to fruit bearing shoot.When sealing wax, first industrial paraffin is placed on to heating and melting in darker container, in the time of 95 ° of C-102 ° of C of wax temperature, the scionwood Duan Yitou shearing is dipped in rapidly in wax liquid (time, in 1 second, is generally 0.1 second), then it is quickly dipped to change other end.Require not stay the space of not dipping in wax in scion, the wax layer of middle part can be slightly overlapping.Notice that wax temperature do not want too lowly or too high, too low wax bed thickness, easily comes off, and too highly easily scalds scion.Seal with wax after scion will cool completely completely and regather storage, can be placed in cellar, cavern, keep storing interior temperature and humidity.
The batching of sealing with wax:
Paraffin, rosin, turpentine oil.
Proportioning:
10：0.2：0.1
The effect of batching:
Paraffin: mainly seal, in the time selecting paraffin, select the paraffin that heatproof degree is high as far as possible; the temperature of scion weather in the time of grafting that cause is sealed with wax all, more than 20 degree, even exceedes 30 degree, and the paraffin that the number of degrees are low is often easily dissolved by the sun; lose the effect of protective layer, survival rate will reduce greatly.
Rosin: mainly play adhesion strength effect, can, paraffin being bonded in scion tightly, in order to avoid cause coming off of scion wax protective layer, prevent scion dehydration.
Turpentine oil: can stimulate the Nutrient Cycling in scion itself, germinate early thereby play, tender shoots stalwartness, the effect that survival rate is high, but turpentine oil proportioning in proportion, if strengthen consumption, scion also will be germinateed in storage period, causes the grafting time cannot grafting.
Method of operating:
In proportion paraffin, turpentine oil, rosin are together poured in pot and heated, after rosin dissolves, temperature reaches 100-120 degree, then arrest in an insertion wax of the scion being collected in advance, speed must be fast, can not exceed for 2 seconds, then the scion that glues is first placed on one side, after cooling, in sticky other end, after having operated, want cooling scion, finally the scion having glued is put into and beaten in empty insurance bag, deposit in the cool, prepare against to grafting time grafting.
Two, grafting method
The raw treelet grafting of 1-3, generally adopts seedling grafting method, and grafting starts result early, can keep the merit of kind.
3-5 is raw above, tree crown is large, branch level time more stock, generally adopts the high i.e. branch class distribution situation according to former tree crown skeleton that connects of bull, in the more end of the branch of higher position grafting, and the least possible tree crown that dwindles.Be characterized in:
1, can make full use of original tree crown skeleton, joint is many, tree crown recovers fast, can keep the upper and lower balance of tree body.
2, wound is less, healing easily, grafting method because of position different varied.
3, can make full use of thorax in tree crown, the short covering of transplanting, increases setting fruit position.
4, after grafting, result early, output is high, and after general grafting, Second Year can recover even to exceed elite tree output, within the 3rd year, can recover tree crown, obtains high yield.
For larger tree, grafting part is long according to major branch, side shoot is short, the obvious principle of master slave relation, polylinker as far as possible on skeleton branch, and baldness band covers with side grafting; Except master end of the branch, other grafting part is held back a segment length generally apart from its female branch 15-20cm left and right, and thick branch is slightly long, and withe is slightly short; Interface diameter generally should be selected in 3-5cm place, and what the age of tree was larger the most slightly should not exceed 8cm.
Three, grafting period
Generally before stock bud is sprouted or start to sprout and carry out while not opening up leaf, wound healing is slow and subject to bad climate or sick damaged by insect evil too early, spends evening and easily causes that tree vigo(u)r is weak, even to death in winter.In practice, spring grafting is the most suitable to the budding period first 10 days of rudiment, simultaneously higher at temperature, bright day gas grafting survival is better.
Four, grafting method
Grafting method is a lot, utilizes situation according to scion, point bud grafting and scion grafting; According to grafting part difference, root division connects, rhizome connects, double working, side grafting, height connect; Divide from interface shape, have cleft grafting, cut-grafting, cortex grafting, plate budding, whip graft, be abutted against etc., but basic grafting method is bud grafting and scion grafting.
(1) bud grafting: the propagation method taking bud sheet as scion, comprises " fourth " shaped budding, the bud grafting of plate budding box-shaped.
1, " fourth " shaped budding:
(1) " fourth " shaped budding with xylem not: generally after scion young sprout stops growing, and stock and scion cortex carry out while easily peeling off, bud grafting scion should be selected and be grown substantial, the full young sprout of bud, scion adopt lower after, stay the petiole of 1cm left and right, leaf is wiped out, to reduce moisture evaporation, preferably with adopting with use.
First 0.5cm place above bud, horizontal partial application, reaches xylem deeply, then a cutter is upwards splayed to crosscut buckle by 1-1.5cm place below bud, pinches bud sheet horizontal and turns round, and takes off bud sheet; Again at smooth place of stock skin zone, horizontal partial application, width ratio is buddered slightly wide, deeply reaches xylem, perpendicular partial application under edge of a knife mediad again, length and bud length of a film adapt, and cut to lever up both sides cortex with one group of about point of a knife afterwards, insert rapidly bud sheet, and make to budder upper cut and stock transverse incision connect airtight, other parts and stock are closely affixed, and then use plastic film strip bondage, only reveal petiole and bud.
(2) " fourth " shaped budding with xylem: essence is simple bud scion grafting.Carry out when stock bud is sprouted spring, and scion can sealing wax, publishes and educate full lateral bud, above bud, 1cm place in the back side is whittled into the long bevel of 3-5cm from top to bottom, lower end is point gradually, then connects xylem with pruner and cuts and budder, the peltate bud sheet of buddering and being upper thick and lower thin, smoothly locate cortex at stock again and anyhow cut a t shaped incision, deeply reach xylem, push cortex aside, with inserting intracutaneous by bud sheet, and tight with plastic strip wrapping, expose eye.Connecing latter 15 days can survive, and the stock on bud top is cut off, and promotes to budder sprouting.
2, plate budding: adopt plate budding in the time that anvil, fringe are all difficult to from skin.
Select healthy and strong scion, the 1cm place cutter of inwardly splaying downwards above bud, reaches the 1cm place, below of bud, the bottom that then the first plande noodles are inwardly splayed downwards by 0.5cm place below bud, take off bud sheet, smoothly locate at stock, with cutting the Same Way of getting bud sheet, be whittled into with the large otch such as xylem bud sheet, the part being reamed on stock is taken off, bud " embedding " is entered, make to budder and align with stock otch, then tight with plastic strip side.
3, square bud grafting: the grafting that is mainly used in walnut, persimmon.The each horizontal partial application of upper and lower by double blade at bud, make two blade otch just at the place of each 1cm up and down of bud, use again the hilted broadsword of a side at each longitudinal cutting one cutter in the left and right of bud, deeply reach xylem, the wide 1.5cm of bud sheet, uses the same method and cuts an epidermis at the smooth position of stock, puts into rapidly the sheet of buddering and makes its upper and lower and side alignment, combination closely, then helps tightly from bottom to top with plastic strip.
(2) scion grafting: the propagation method taking branch section as scion.Scion grafting season is many before and after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) to grain rains, and stock bud starts to sprout but before not yet germinateing.Some seeds to arrive germinate after to leaf stretching period or more late, as the green scion grafting of the cleft grafting of the cortex grafting of Chinese chestnut, walnut or grape.The advantage of scion grafting is that survival rate is high, and seedlings picking growth is fast, but relatively takes scion, requires stock to want thick.
1, cut-grafting: this method is suitable for thinner stock, stock is cut off at position in suitable grafting, cutting saw kerf will put down, then use grafting knife vertically to cut in the place of cross section 1/3rd left and right of stock, the degree of depth should be slightly smaller than the large bevel of scion, again scion is cut into the segment of 2-3 full bud, the one side of scion bottom is whittled into the large inclined-plane of long 3cm left and right, (with terminal bud homonymy), another side is cut one and is about the little bevel in 1cm left and right, bevel must be put down, rapidly by scion by large inclined-plane inwards, the outside direction in little inclined-plane is inserted otch, make anvil fringe form laminating tight, then tie up with plastics cloth.
2, side grafting method: the space that is used for filling up plant, it is generally the baldness position grafting limb, to increase interior thorax branch amount, supplement space, when grafting, first on stock bark, cut with t shaped incision, deeply reach xylem, transverse incision top bark is cut a triangle or semicircle domatic, be convenient to that scion is inserted and by tight, cutting part is generally in slightly protruding place or the outside in knee, stock uprightly or when thicker t shaped incision with slightly tiltedly for well.That side grafting scion should be selected is slightly long, slightly slightly, slightly band bending for well.
Select the developmental branch of 1 year raw robust growth to do scion, 2-3 full bud stayed in every section of scion, first cut the long bevel of a long 3-5cm in the bottom of scion with cutter, bevel is straight, cut again the little bevel of a long 1-1.5cm on the opposite of bevel, make slightly point of lower end, 2-3 bud stayed on scion top, top bud will be stayed the back side of large bevel, bevel must be smooth, bud top stays 0.5 centimetre to cut off, in the cutter partial application downwards sideling for grafting part of stock, deeply reach 1/3rd to 1/2nd places of xylem, then rapidly large scion bevel is inserted in stock bevel, make to form layer alignment, with Polypropylence Sheet bag sternly.
Also have in addition side bark-grafting and the side grafting of band basal shoot, be mainly used in the grafting of Chinese chestnut.
(1) side bark-grafting: this method is mainly used in into thorax baldness band in treelet and mends branch.Concrete grammar is: the position (generally mending a branch every 75 centimetres) that need to mend branch at stock is first by extremely fresh phloem of the Lao Pi skiving of stock, then cut a T-shaped mouthful, at 1-2cm place, transverse incision upper end, cut the oblique bevel of a crescent moon downwards with grafting knife and deeply reach xylem down to T-shaped transverse incision, like this in order to avoid rear " bolster " inserted in scion.Scion requires longer, is generally about 20cm, preferably selects bending scion, and bevel will be grown for horse ear shape, the back side of 5-8cm and cut to phloem, then scion is inserted to stock, with closely open trauma mouth not of plastic strip wrapping.
(1) band basal shoot side grafting: actual in improving a kind of new method of side bark-grafting, its advantage is that base angle nature spreading angle is large, and the crescent moon edge of a knife need not be cut in stock " fourth " word mouth top, needn't worry " bolster ".Concrete grammar is by the Lao Pi skiving of stock, does not have the stock that skin is stuck up in formation always can not cut the direct dark xylem that reaches of one " fourth " font mouth that cuts at selected position.Scion is chosen as the branch that has two annual branches on biennial female branch, cuts the long one section of biennial basal shoot of remaining two annual branches and 3cm at biennial female branch apart from annual bifurcation 3cm.On branch, select an annual branch to give over to scion, another branch is cut apart from bifurcation 2cm, the branch of cutting can be used as cortex grafting scion, then stay annotinous branch to being whittled into horse ear shape from upper extremely biennial basal shoot from cutting, annual branch is thick, biennial basal shoot thin (lower cutter direction is cutter under one section of annual branch back side staying of the annual branch opposite face that stays).Stock " fourth " font mouth can be directly inserted in the annual scion with basal shoot of cutting, and with Polypropylence Sheet wrapping, survival rate is high, and storage rate is also high.
3, cleft graft: how to adopt in the time that stock is thicker, generally select the developmental branch of 1 year raw healthy and strong branch to do scion, carry out before germinateing spring.
First stock clipped to top and scabbled section, under stock central vertical, split with cleft grafting cutter, dark about 4-5cm left and right, 3 buds are stayed in general every section of scion, at distance bud 0.5cm place bottom, respectively cut the large bevel of a 4-5cm along both sides with cutter, make bottom be wedge shape, slightly thick one side is slightly thin on one side for two bevels, rapidly scion is inserted to rootstock opening-cleaving, make to form layer alignment and be adjacent to, tie up.
4, cortex grafting: cry again crown grafting, need carry out in the situation that stock bud is sprouted from skin, insert scion between stock section cortex and xylem, depending on the size of cross-sectional area, can insert multiple scion.Select smooth place to cut off in the grafting part of stock, cut, saw kerf will be put down, in order to healing, first cut the long bevel of a long 3-5cm in the bottom of scion, make slightly point of lower end, the skin of gently pruning on the opposite of bevel again, 2-3 bud stayed on scion top, top bud will be stayed the back side of large bevel, at the smooth position of stock otch lower surface, cut one than the slightly short longitudinal incision of the long bevel of scion, deeply reach xylem, bark is lifted gently to both sides, then long scion bevel is faced toward to xylem, in the middle of cortex otch, insert, long bevel stays white 0.5cm, when diameter of stock 2cm is above, insert 1, when 2-4cm, insert 2, when 4-6cm, insert 3, when 6-8cm, insert 4.(this method is widely used in the Gao Huantou in the low yield gardens such as apple, pears, walnut, Chinese chestnut)
There is in addition a kind of cortex grafting method of improving: the grafting for Chinese chestnut of this method.Concrete grammar is the grafting part of first determining stock, is then cutting off end of the branch from grafting part above 40-50cm left and right place.After cutting anvil, each skeleton branch still will keep subordinate clearly demarcated.Then from grafting part, stock girdling one is being enclosed, upwards 5cm left and right is located one circle of girdling again and is taken off anvil skin.The scion of cutting is inserted to stock cortex under band girdle mouth, fix with plastic strip bondage.Because large band girdle has been carried out on the interface top of scion, and end of the branch cuts, top stock pillar alive then, after 1 year, amputate from interface, i.e. healing very soon, survival rate is high, few windbreak is produced and should extensively be adopted.
5, whip graft: cry again two whip grafts, in the time that anvil fringe rugosity is suitable, adopt this method, on stock, cut out the horse ear shape bevel of long 3.5-4.5cm, cut vertically downward an otch that is about 2cm at 1/3rd length places, bevel upper end, it is identical that scion and stock are cut method, then anvil, the large and small bevel alignment of fringe inserted until fit like a glove, two tongue pieces clamp each other, if not etc., can not making a side form layer, anvil fringe rugosity aims at, then with the tight tighten of plastic strip bag.
6, insert skin whip graft: when grafting from treating the Ju Qu top, straight position of grafting, stock interface diameter need be more than 3cm, determine the quantity of inserting scion according to the rugosity of stock, when general stock interface diameter reaches 3-4cm, insert 2 scion, spike length 15cm left and right, will there be 2-3 full bud bevel upper end, bevel is long horse ear shape, is about 5-8cm.Before grafting, the first position to be inserted at stock interface, according to the shape of scion bevel, the Lao Pi that prunes gently exposes new skin, and the length and width of its bevel are a bit larger tham the bevel of scion, then the cortex of scion bevel front end is pinched out, the xylem of scion is slowly inserted between the xylem and bast of stock, the skin zone of scion is placed on the tender skin of stock, and micro-dew bevel, then ties up.
7, ridge method: be mainly used in rot and scrape and control rear reconstruction and dredge tissue.Bridging method, one is to utilize near trunk, preferably scraping root turion upper end grafting upper end another kind method of wound after scraping of controlling position homonymy is to be connected on to scrape with branch two ends to control upper and lower two ends, position.After bridge joint survives, remove in time the rudiment in scion.
Five, the management after grafting.
(1) spray medicine insect protected: subject to causing harm of insect in early spring most to germination period after grafting, spray in time medicine control.
(2) except sprout tillers: after grafting tens days start to occur sprout tillers on stock, can have a strong impact on the growth after scion survives as removed not in time.To carry out at any time except sprout tillers, to the Ex-all of wanting on little stock, on large stock as baldness belt length, should sprout branch in the suitable position part of selecting and remain, Second Year grafting, as stock, joint is less more again, erase all not, from joint, the position away from suitably retains a part, in order to the foster root that comes into leaves.
(3) mend and connect: grafting will check after ten days in time, will mend and connect in time what do not survive.
(4) lighten restrictions on and tie up with solution: when generally connecing rear young sprout and growing to 30cm, should lighten restrictions in time, otherwise easily form contriction and windbreak.If wound does not heal, also should again bind, and again check after 1 month, until wound completely heals and it all removed again.
(5) tie up rod windproof: in lightening restrictions on for the first time, with the waddy of the long 80-100cm of diameter 3cm, be strapped on stock, draw young sprout to tie up on it upper end, and each joint all will be tied up a rod, in case windbreak.Adopt side grafting method to stay a grafting of living, young sprout directly can be drawn to tie up and live in stake.
(6) pinching: pinching at 8 the end of month, to promote young sprout maturation, improves cold tolerance.
(7) treelet grafting will be in 5 months, topdress once the last ten-days period, the young sprout in the fall that the large height of tree connects stops topdressing after length, spray medicine (0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) all types of grafting tree 8-9 months 2-3 time, be conducive to prevent from surviving the winter stripping and female flower formation next year, will do soil management simultaneously well and control weeds.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a fruit-tree grafting method, is characterized in that:
Step 1, gathers scion, gathers scion in conjunction with pruning, and is a bundle by 50 or 100 of kinds;
Step 2, is placed on fringe bar in the dark cellar for storing things of low temperature moisturizing or cavern and preserves, and temperature requirement is lower than 4 ° of C, and humidity reaches more than 90%;
Step 3, the scion of sealing with wax, is first placed on industrial paraffin heating and melting in darker container, the scionwood Duan Yitou shearing is dipped in rapidly in wax liquid, then it is quickly dipped to change other end;
Step 4, regathers scion storage, is placed in cellar, cavern, keep storing interior temperature lower than 4 ° of C, and humidity reaches more than 90%;
Step 5, grafts in scion on stock with the grafting method of bud grafting and scion grafting.
2. a kind of fruit-tree grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 2, storage time is 2 months.
3. a kind of fruit-tree grafting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, described wax temperature is 95 ° of C-102 ° of C, and scionwood Duan Yitou dipped in time in 1 second in wax liquid, and time is dipped in also in 1 second in scionwood section other end.
4. a kind of fruit-tree grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 3, the composition of described industrial paraffin comprises: paraffin, rosin and turpentine oil, and above-mentioned paraffin, rosin and terebinthine proportioning are: 10:0.2:0.1.
5. a kind of fruit-tree grafting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 5, described grafting method can also be seedling grafting method.
6. according to the arbitrary a kind of described fruit-tree grafting method of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, described grafting time is to the budding period first 10 days of rudiment.
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| CN109792918A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-24 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of avocado graft seedling growth technology |
| CN110036814A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-23 | 关长锁 | A kind of implantation methods of subzero 35 degree of super cold-resistant peach |
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| CN112655394A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-16 | 武红霞 | Chinese chestnut grafting method |
| CN115176611A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Wax sealing method for Chinese honeylocust fruit scion |
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