CN106718529B - high-grafting head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period - Google Patents
high-grafting head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718529B CN106718529B CN201611069982.5A CN201611069982A CN106718529B CN 106718529 B CN106718529 B CN 106718529B CN 201611069982 A CN201611069982 A CN 201611069982A CN 106718529 B CN106718529 B CN 106718529B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to a high grafting and head changing method for walnut trees in full bearing age, which is characterized in that after fruits are harvested, the root systems of the walnut trees to be grafted are trimmed; carrying out delimbing treatment on the walnut tree to be grafted before sprouting in the second year; during the growth period of new shoots after sprouting in the next year, main branches are selected and maintained according to the tree form to be adopted, and a plurality of branches are maintained as auxiliary culture branches; grafting the scions on the selected and cultured main branches before and after the walnut trees sprout in the third year, and removing the auxiliary culture branches with the most vigorous growth; when the scion is managed in summer in the third year, all the branches germinated on the scion are reserved and prevented from being scraped by wind, and the growth of auxiliary culture branches is inhibited; and removing all auxiliary culture branches during winter management in the third year, and pruning and managing the branches germinated on the scions according to the bone branches, so as to finish high-grafting and head-changing of the walnut trees in the full bearing period. The method can ensure that the grafting survival rate of the big trees in the full bearing period, particularly the trees in the full bearing period with poor conditions in the field and the trees with the age of more than 15 years reaches 100 percent, and the grafted trees grow robustly.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of fruit tree grafting methods, in particular to a high-grafting and head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period.
Background
at present, the method generally adopted for changing the head of the walnut by high grafting is to completely remove the crown 10 days before grafting, graft by a bark grafting method or bark grafting and tongue grafting method or other methods, only retain the branches and leaves germinated on the scion in summer management, and completely remove the branches and leaves germinated on the stock (old tree). The method has the advantages that the head is changed quickly and thoroughly, the crown can be recovered in 2-3 years, but the method is only better for young trees or trees in the initial fruit stage, has poor application effect on trees in the full fruit stage, particularly the full fruit stage trees with poor standing conditions and the trees with larger age, and the grafted trees are weak in growth and even dead when the method is applied to the trees for grafting.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to provide a high-grafting and head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period, which can ensure that the grafting survival rate of big trees in full bearing period, particularly the trees in full bearing period with poor standing conditions and the trees with the age of more than 15 years reaches 100 percent, and the grafted trees grow robustly.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-grafting and head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period comprises the following steps: (1) after the fruits are harvested, pruning the root system of the walnut tree to be transplanted, reducing the volume of the root system and promoting the growth of new roots; (2) carrying out delimbing treatment on walnut trees to be modified and grafted before sprouting in the second year, and selecting and reserving main branches according to a tree structure to be adopted and reserving each main branch for 15-35cm, and sawing the rest of the main branches; for walnut trees with trunk over 1.5 m, only 1.4-1.6 m (for walnut trees with trunk height between 1.5-1.6 m, the trunk height is not less than 1.4 m, namely in the range of 1.4-1.6 m) is reserved for high trunk, and the rest is completely sawn off; (3) during the growth period of new shoots after sprouting in the next year, main branches are selected and maintained according to the tree form to be adopted, and a plurality of branches are maintained as auxiliary culture branches; (4) grafting the scions on the selected and cultured main branches before and after the walnut trees sprout in the third year, and removing the auxiliary culture branches with the most vigorous growth; (5) when the fruit trees are pruned and managed in summer in the third year, all the branches germinated on the scions are reserved and prevented from being scraped and folded by wind, and meanwhile, the growth of auxiliary culture branches is inhibited; (6) and in winter of the third year, removing all auxiliary cultivating branches, and pruning and managing the branches germinated on the scions according to the bone branches, namely completing the high-grafting and head-changing of the walnut trees in the full bearing period.
preferably, the step (1) of pruning the root system comprises the following steps: digging an annular ditch with the width of 35-45cm and the depth of 60-70cm (further preferably the width of 40cm and the depth of 60 cm) outwards at a position 1.4-1.6 meters (further preferably 1.5 meters) away from a trunk around a walnut tree to be transplanted, cutting all encountered tree roots (preferably cutting the roots at a position 1.5 meters away from the trunk) and flattening the wound, then mixing 50kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 1.0kg of potassium sulfate and 2kg of calcium superphosphate with soil, filling the annular ditch with the mixture, watering thoroughly, and finally covering the annular ditch and a tree disc with mulching films.
preferably, in the step (2), for walnut trees with the trunk not more than 1.5 m, selecting and reserving main branches according to the tree structure to be adopted, and reserving each main branch for 20-30 cm; for walnut trees with trunks exceeding 1,5 meters, only 1.5 meters of the high trunk is reserved, and the rest is sawn off.
Preferably, the specific operation of step (3) is: and in the period of the growth of the young shoots after sprouting in the next year, removing all the young shoots sent from a trunk of the walnut tree to be transplanted which is less than 1 m, thinning off the dense young shoots sent from other parts, selecting and culturing main branches according to the tree form to be adopted, enabling the growth angle of the selected and remained main branches to be the same as the growth angle of the main branches required by the tree form to be adopted, and pulling all the rest of the young shoots which are not removed to be horizontal to serve as auxiliary culture branches.
preferably, the method for grafting the scion on the selected main branch in the step (4) is a bark grafting method or a bark grafting and tongue grafting method.
Preferably, the method for inhibiting the growth of the subsidiary branches in the step (5) is branch pulling, girdling or thinning.
Has the advantages that: the invention prunes the root system before grafting, reduces the volume of the root system, promotes the growth of new roots and new roots, meanwhile, the reserved roots can absorb enough water and nutrients for overground part growth, the aboveground and underground balance relationship of the tree body is maintained by matching with the branch removing treatment, the scion is grafted on a new branch grown on an old tree, the wound is small, the wound is less, the single grafting success rate is improved, the branch and leaf germinated by the stock are reserved to nourish the tree body when the tree body management is carried out after grafting, the auxiliary support branches are gradually removed after the scion grows up, the defects of the traditional method are overcome by matching the steps, the operation steps are simplified, the factors influencing the grafting survival rate are reduced, the grafting survival rate is improved, the grafting survival rate reaches 100 percent, and the robust growth of the grafted tree is promoted, especially, the method has obvious effect on the survival rate of old trees with the age of more than 15 years (including 15 years) and trees with poor standing conditions such as thin soil layers, insufficient fertilizer and water and the like in the full bearing period; in addition, the method can be used for selecting to keep the original tree structure or reform the tree structure according to the will of an operator so as to improve the yield of the walnut trees.
Detailed Description
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
A high-grafting and head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the following steps that firstly, after fruits are harvested, the root system of a walnut tree to be transplanted is trimmed, the size of the root system is reduced, and the growth of new roots is promoted;
Step two, carrying out branch removing treatment on the walnut trees to be transplanted before sprouting in the second year, reserving each main branch for 15-35cm according to the tree structure to be adopted for the walnut trees with the trunk not more than 1.5 m, and sawing off the rest of the main branches; only 1.4-1.6 m high trunks are reserved for walnut trees with trunks more than 1.5 m, and the rest are sawn off; the debranching treatment is matched with root pruning to keep the ground and the underground balanced and promote the overground and the underground to grow new branches, the debranching treatment is carried out before sprouting in the second year, the wounds of old roots are healed and new roots are grown, the temperature is lower, the debranching wound is less, the nutrient loss is less, the debranching after sprouting is more, the nutrient loss is more, and the robust growth of plants is not facilitated;
As a preferred scheme of the first step and the second step, the step of pruning the root system is as follows: digging an annular ditch with the width of 35-45cm and the depth of 60-70cm (further preferably the width of 40cm and the depth of 60 cm) outwards at a position 1.4-1.6 meters (further preferably 1.5 meters) away from a trunk around a walnut tree to be transplanted, cutting all encountered tree roots (preferably cutting the roots at a position 1.5 meters away from the trunk) and flattening the wound, then mixing 50kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 1.0kg of potassium sulfate and 2kg of calcium superphosphate with soil, filling the annular ditch with the mixture, watering thoroughly, and finally covering the annular ditch and a tree disc with a mulching film; in the branch removing treatment, selecting and reserving main branches according to a tree structure to be adopted for walnut trees with the trunk not more than 1.5 meters and reserving each main branch for 20-30 cm; for walnut trees with trunks more than 1,5 meters, only 1.5 meters of high trunks are reserved, and the rest are sawn off; the two functions of digging the annular ditch are described, namely, the root can be conveniently broken, the root system volume can be reduced under the condition of not damaging the underground main root system of the walnut tree, and the fertilizer can be conveniently applied; the reason that the annular ditch is dug outwards at a distance of 1.4-1.6 meters from the trunk is that the annular ditch is too close to the trunk, so that the annular ditch damages the roots too much and is not beneficial to the growth of the tree in the second year, the roots are removed too little if the annular ditch is too far away from the trunk, and the overground part of the tree is removed too much in the second year, so that the unbalance between the ground and the underground is easily caused, and the tree is easy to weaken and even die; the annular groove is dug to the depth of 60-70cm, most old roots which extend outwards horizontally can be cut off, the fertilizer application requirement can be met by matching the width, the growth of new roots is further promoted, the fertilizer proportion is selected and the root cutting and branch removing treatment is matched, so that the balance of the whole walnut tree on the ground and the underground can be kept, and the walnut tree can grow robustly; the mulching film can reduce evaporation, improve the temperature of soil, increase the activity of roots, promote the healing of injured roots, improve the microbial activity of soil and promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer;
step three, during the growth period of the young shoots after sprouting in the second year, selecting and reserving main branches according to the tree form to be adopted, and reserving a plurality of branches as auxiliary culture branches; preferably, in the growth period of the young shoots after germination, all the young shoots emitted from a trunk of the walnut tree to be transplanted are removed, the dense young shoots emitted from other parts are thinned, main branches are selected and cultured according to the tree form to be adopted, the growth angle of the selected and remained main branches is the same as the growth angle of the main branches required by the tree form to be adopted, and the rest of the young shoots which are not removed are pulled to be horizontal to serve as auxiliary culture branches;
Step four, grafting the scion on the selected main branch after the walnut tree sprouts in the third year, and thinning the auxiliary branch with the most vigorous growth; further, the method for grafting the scion on the selected main branch for remaining culture can be a bark grafting method or a bark grafting and tongue grafting method;
Step five, when the fruit trees are pruned and managed in summer in the third year, all the branches germinated on the scions are reserved and prevented from being scraped and folded by wind, and meanwhile, the growth of auxiliary culture branches is inhibited; furthermore, the branches which germinate on the scions can be prevented from being scraped and folded by wind by binding, and the growth of the auxiliary branch which influences the growth of the scions is inhibited by adopting a branch pulling, girdling or branch thinning method;
And step six, when the fruit trees are pruned and managed in winter in the third year, thinning all auxiliary culture branches, pruning and managing the branches germinated on the scions according to the bone branches, and finishing high-grafting and head-changing of the walnut trees in the full bearing period.
example 1: the method is characterized in that the site is a test field with moderate soil fertility in one place of Xinyang city, Boxiang Zhennan Wancun, Henan province, China, 45 walnut trees to be transplanted are selected, the walnut trees grow 15 years, the tree structure is good, the trunk does not exceed 1.5 meters, and the transplanting is carried out by adopting the following method:
Step one, in the autumn of the first year, namely 9-10 months, after fruits are harvested, digging an annular groove with the width of 40cm and the depth of 60cm outwards at a position 1.5 m away from a trunk of a walnut big tree to be re-grafted, cutting off all walnut tree roots encountered, flattening wounds, then uniformly mixing 50kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 1.0kg of potassium sulfate and 2kg of calcium superphosphate with soil, filling the mixture into the groove, watering the groove thoroughly, and finally covering the groove and a tree disc with a mulching film;
Step two, before 3 months (the last day of 2 months) in the second year, according to the original tree structure (namely, the tree structure is not changed), keeping 20-30cm of each main branch, and sawing off all the rest branches;
And step three, in summer of the second year, removing all the young shoots on the trunk of the grafted tree, which are less than 1 m, and removing the young shoots on the rest parts in an excessive density manner, and keeping the rest parts. During the growth period of the young shoots, main branches are selected and cultured according to the tree form, the main branches are enabled to keep the due growth angle (namely the growth angle is the same as that of the main branches required by the original tree form structure), if a small-crown sparse layer shape is adopted, the main branches of a first layer and a central leading trunk are selected and cultured, the main branches serving as the central leading trunk are required to be upright and upward, the base angle of the main branches of the first layer is kept about 60 degrees, and the rest branches serving as auxiliary culture branches are uniformly pulled to be horizontal;
step four, grafting a good variety on the selected main branches before and after the walnut tree sprouts in spring of the third year (from middle late 3 months to last 4 months) by adopting a common bark grafting method or a bark grafting and tongue grafting method, and meanwhile, removing 2-3 auxiliary cultivating branches with the most vigorous growth, and reserving the rest auxiliary cultivating branches;
and step five, reserving all the germinated branches on the scions in summer management of the third year, enhancing the management of the branches, and preventing the branches from being broken by wind. The growth of the reserved auxiliary culture branches needs to be inhibited, and the auxiliary culture branches influencing the growth of the scions can be weakened by adopting branch pulling, girdling or branch thinning methods;
and step six, removing all reserved auxiliary culture branches in winter in the third year, and pruning and managing the branches germinated on the scions according to the bone trunk branches.
According to investigation, 45 grafted trees survive completely, namely the survival rate is 100%, the scions grow robustly, flower buds are formed in the current year of grafting, the scions bloom and bear fruits in the next year, and the crowns recover the original sizes in the next year.
Example 2: the method is characterized in that the site is located in Yancun at the Guanguan town of New Ann county, Luoyang, Henan province, China, the land is a drought hilly land and poor in soil fertility, 89 walnut trees to be transplanted are selected as walnut trees of 18 years old, and since crops are mainly planted in the early stage, the trunks are high (basically more than 2 meters), the tree structure is poor, the orchard is closed, the result is few, the quality is poor, and the fruit harvesting is difficult, and the transplanting is carried out by adopting the following method:
Step one, in the autumn of the first year, namely 9-10 months, after fruits are harvested, digging an annular groove with the width of 40cm and the depth of 60cm outwards at a position 1.5 m away from a trunk of a walnut big tree to be re-grafted, cutting off all walnut tree roots encountered, flattening wounds, then uniformly mixing 50kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 1.0kg of potassium sulfate and 2kg of calcium superphosphate with soil, filling the mixture into the groove, watering the groove thoroughly, and finally covering the groove and a tree disc with a mulching film;
step two, before 3 months (till the last day of 2 months) in the next year, the trunk is sawn off because the trunk basically exceeds 2 meters, and only the trunk with the height of 1.5 meters is reserved (a tree structure which is designed in advance is prepared);
And step three, in summer of the second year, removing all the young shoots on the trunk of the grafted tree, which are less than 1 m, and removing the young shoots on the rest parts in an excessive density manner, and keeping the rest parts. During the growth period of the young shoots, main branches are selected and cultured according to the tree form, so that the growth angle of the selected and retained main branches is the same as that of the main branches required by the tree form to be adopted, if a small-crown sparse layer shape is adopted, the main branches of a first layer and a central leading trunk are selected and retained, the main branches serving as the central leading trunk are required to be upright and upward, the base angle of the main branches of the first layer is reserved at about 60 degrees), and the rest branches serving as auxiliary culture branches are uniformly pulled to be horizontal;
step four, grafting a good variety on the selected main branches before and after the walnut tree sprouts in spring of the third year (from middle late 3 months to last 4 months) by adopting a common bark grafting method or a bark grafting and tongue grafting method, and meanwhile, removing 2-3 auxiliary cultivating branches with the most vigorous growth, and reserving the rest auxiliary cultivating branches;
And step five, reserving all the germinated branches on the scions in summer management of the third year, enhancing the management of the branches, and preventing the branches from being broken by wind. The growth of the reserved auxiliary culture branches needs to be inhibited, and the auxiliary culture branches influencing the growth of the scions can be weakened by adopting branch pulling, girdling or branch thinning methods;
and step six, removing all reserved auxiliary culture branches in winter in the third year, and pruning and managing the branches germinated on the scions according to the bone trunk branches.
And (4) investigation result: the grafted walnut tree survives completely, namely the survival rate is 100%, the scions grow strongly, flower buds are formed in the current year of grafting, the walnut tree blooms and fruits in the next year, and the crown of the walnut tree recovers the original size in the next year.
example 3: the method is characterized in that the site is located in Tilia township village in Koelken city of Luoyang city, Henan province, China, the orchard belongs to a hilly orchard, the soil layer is thin, the fertilization is difficult, the tree age is mainly 20 years, the tree structure is good, the fruit quality is poor, the yield is low, 35 walnut trees are selected to be changed by the changing method of the embodiment 1, and the investigation result is that: the grafted walnut tree survives completely, namely the survival rate is 100%, the scions grow strongly, flower buds are formed in the current year of grafting, the walnut tree blooms and fruits in the next year, and the crown of the walnut tree basically recovers the original size in the next year.
Claims (6)
1. A high-grafting and head-changing method for walnut trees in full bearing period is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) after the fruits are harvested, pruning the root system of the walnut tree to be transplanted, reducing the volume of the root system and promoting the growth of new roots; the trimming step is as follows: digging an annular groove with the width of 35-45cm and the depth of 60-70cm outwards at a position 1.4-1.6 meters away from a trunk around a walnut tree to be transplanted, cutting off all encountered tree roots and flattening wounds, then mixing 50kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg of urea, 1.0kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of calcium superphosphate and soil, filling the mixture into the annular groove, watering thoroughly, and finally covering the annular groove and a tree disc with a mulching film; (2) carrying out delimbing treatment on the walnut trees to be grafted before sprouting in the second year, selecting and reserving main branches according to a tree structure to be adopted for the walnut trees with the trunk not more than 1.5 m, reserving each main branch for 15-35cm, and sawing off all the rest of the main branches; only 1.4-1.5 m high trunks are reserved for walnut trees with trunks more than 1.5 m, and the rest are sawn off; (3) during the growth period of new shoots after sprouting in the next year, main branches are selected and maintained according to the tree form to be adopted, and a plurality of branches are maintained as auxiliary culture branches; (4) grafting the scions on the selected and cultured main branches before and after the walnut trees sprout in the third year, and removing the auxiliary culture branches with the most vigorous growth; (5) when the fruit trees are pruned and managed in summer in the third year, all the branches germinated on the scions are reserved and prevented from being scraped and folded by wind, and meanwhile, the growth of auxiliary culture branches is inhibited; (6) and in winter of the third year, removing all auxiliary cultivating branches, and pruning and managing the branches germinated on the scions according to the bone branches, namely completing the high-grafting and head-changing of the walnut trees in the full bearing period.
2. the high-head connecting and changing method for the walnut trees in the full bearing period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the position and specification of the annular groove are as follows: an annular ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 60cm is dug outwards at the position 1.5 meters away from the trunk of the walnut tree to be grafted.
3. The high-head connecting and changing method for the walnut trees in the full bearing period as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), selecting and reserving main branches and reserving each main branch for 20-30cm according to a tree structure to be adopted for walnut trees with the trunk not more than 1.5 m; for walnut trees with trunk over 1.5 m, only 1.5 m high trunk is remained, and the rest is sawn off.
4. The high-head-grafting and head-changing method for the walnut trees in the full bearing period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operation of the step (3) is as follows: and in the period of the growth of the young shoots after sprouting in the next year, removing all the young shoots sent from a trunk of the walnut tree to be transplanted which is less than 1 m, thinning off the dense young shoots sent from other parts, selecting and culturing main branches according to the tree form to be adopted, enabling the growth angle of the selected and remained main branches to be the same as the growth angle of the main branches required by the tree form to be adopted, and pulling all the rest of the young shoots which are not removed to be horizontal to serve as auxiliary culture branches.
5. the high-head connecting and changing method for the walnut trees in the full bearing period as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method for grafting the scion on the selected and cultured main branch in the step (4) is a bark grafting method or a bark and tongue grafting method.
6. The high-head connecting and changing method for the walnut trees in the full bearing period as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method for inhibiting the growth of the auxiliary branch in the step (5) is branch pulling, girdling or branch thinning.
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| CN108834605A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | 迁西县安立春板栗技术服务部（普通合伙） | A kind of Chinese chestnut retention nutrient engrafting method |
| CN110326442B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-06-01 | 新疆农业大学 | Grafting method for improving walnut yield |
| CN111448933A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-28 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Multi-head optimization improving technology for walnut big tree |
| CN111418427A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-17 | 张晓霞 | Method for dynamically balancing yin and yang waning and growing of fruit trees and high-joint head replacement |
| CN113079926A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Plum tree high grafting and seed changing method |
| CN114946432A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-08-30 | 安晓顺 | Improved method for walnut top grafting and top changing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0242920A (en) * | 1988-07-30 | 1990-02-13 | Hiroki Sato | Plant-breeding by grafting fig to walnuts |
| CN102301919A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2012-01-04 | 高志平 | Technology for grafting old and inferior fruit trees |
| CN102523945A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-04 | 张繁亮 | Method for grafting and transforming old fruit trees |
| CN103416229B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-03-11 | 新疆林业科学院 | Wrapping-type walnut bark whip grafting method |
| CN105493902A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 吕建红 | Method for high grafting and head change of walnut tree |
| CN104272984B (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-08-31 | 贵州大学 | A kind of method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting |
| CN105230353B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-02-23 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of grafting of perennial walnut of growing directly from seeds and tree body shaping methods |
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