CN107114182A - Eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden - Google Patents

Eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107114182A
CN107114182A CN201710297178.0A CN201710297178A CN107114182A CN 107114182 A CN107114182 A CN 107114182A CN 201710297178 A CN201710297178 A CN 201710297178A CN 107114182 A CN107114182 A CN 107114182A
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eucalyptus
windproof
grafting
garden
downgraded
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CN107114182B (en
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林彦
罗建中
卢万鸿
王楚彪
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CHINA EUCALYPT RESEARCH CENTER
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CHINA EUCALYPT RESEARCH CENTER
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

Downgraded the invention discloses a kind of eucalyptus breeding garden and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden, including steps such as grafting, field planting, the management of medicine fertilizer, trimmings, stock grafting is used as using the corresponding kind of eucalyptus, by trim control the height of tree, tree crown with it is tree-like, grafting is downgraded using medicament, bury anti-airduct binding trunk windproof, by the above-mentioned biological, cultivation of integrated use and physical means many kinds of measures, cultivate the eucalyptus breeding garden after special dwarfing.Special dwarfing eucalyptus breeding garden can not only make eucalyptus seedling in garden do sth. in advance to yield positive results, and it is easy to the development of the work such as observation, pollen collecting, pollination and the fruit harvesting of blossom phenophase, reduce the cost that breeding is carried out for tall and big plant eucalyptus, reduce the risk of work high above the ground, harm of the typhoon to eucalyptus breeding garden is avoided, the efficiency and facility of eucalyptus breeding work is greatly improved.

Description

Eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, belong to and be related to the dwarfing of eucalyptus breeding garden and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus kind Sub- garden.
Background technology
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus), is Myrtaceae, the general name of eucalyptus plant.Evergreen high megaphanerophyte, from cloud-kissing Megaphanerophyte has to short shrub, and about more than 600 plant, and are most representational seeds in Australian xylophyta, this tree Kind the characteristics of be that growth fast, the extremely short period of felling in turn, technology maturation, pest and disease damage are few, good in economic efficiency.In China Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan As Main Cultivation seeds, hybridized using eucalyptus such as Eucalyptus urophyllas as Parent, show hybrid vigour, cultivated extensively.Through Costly eucalyptus of helping is mostly high megaphanerophyte, and the frequent height of tree can be grown to 100-110 meters.Traditional breeding method mode is typically using selection Well-grown plant carries out artificial pollination, but has following drawback carrying out pollination with so tall and big eucalyptus:1、 Built is needed to carry out when carrying out artificial hybridization pollination to eucalyptus, it is with high costs;2nd, there is certain potential safety hazard in work high above the ground, Repeatedly occurs personal height fallen accident;3rd, for Landed Typhoon area, add tall and big seed plant and fracture and lodge Risk.
Therefore, it is necessary to be improved to prior art.
The content of the invention
Downgraded the invention provides eucalyptus breeding garden and windproof cultural method and its eucalyptus breeding garden, utilize biological, cultivation Learn and the means such as physics, make that the tree body of the eucalyptus breeding garden of cultivation is short and small, tree crown is compact, do sth. in advance out breeding garden eucalyptus maternal plant Flower, result, reduce the cost that artificial hybridization pollination is carried out to woodland eucalyptus, improve the security of pollination operation, moreover it is possible to overcome plant There is the equivalent risk that fractures and lodge under adverse weather condition in strain.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is as follows:
A kind of eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method, it is characterised in that comprised the following steps:
(1) grafting:From no disease and pests harm semi-annual eucalyptus seedling as stock, plant height about 30cm, trunk be good for It is strong, the previous week water and fertilizer control of grafting;Scion selection kind eucalyptus corresponding with stock close to trees top branch, using branch Cleft graft is grafted onto on corresponding eucalypt species stock;
(2) it is colonized:80cm or so height is grown in eucalyptus grafting and is transplanted to field planting garden, is plugged windproof waddy, is drenched foot fixed Root water, until surviving;Timing is erased the bud of the following stock part eruption of scion;
(3) medicine fertilizer management:After eucalyptus grafting field planting half a year and after annual receipts fruit, dwarf treatment is carried out with paclobutrazol, is located Reason dosage is 15% pulvis 0.2g × CM ground diameters, while composite fertilizer topdresses once by 0.5KG/ plants.
(4) trim:It is described trimming include field planting before trimming, field planting after trimming, receive fruit before trimming, receive fruit after trim, typhoon Preceding trimming.
Further, the windproof processing in addition to after field planting, 1 cun of specification, 2.5 meters of steel pipes of length are embedded to cement mortar, 0.5 meter or so of length of embedment, is tightened eucalyptus trunk and steel pipe with rubber bandage before Landed Typhoon.
Further, the cultural method of the stock is as follows:Eucalyptus seed is sowed in the annual 11-12 months, is treated after 1 month Grow after two pairs of true leaves, seedling is transplanted in Light media section, Light media segment length is 10CM, diameter 3.8CM, light base therein Matter ratio is rice husk:Peat:Coconut palm chaff=5:3:2;Seedling transplant survival and grow it is stable after to 5-10CM it is long when, be transplanted to 23* In 18CM plastic seeding culturings bag, seedling medium ratio is yellow soil:Turf=6:4, apply 0.3% after seedling growth is stable and be combined Twice, seedling height about 30cm and trunk are healthy and strong, available for grafting, the previous week water and fertilizer control of grafting for fertilizer, beneficial to the half of trunk Lignifying.
Further, the part that the following semi-lignified of eucalyptus shoot apex and axillary bud are not sprouted is chosen in the grafting scion, Terminal bud is not stayed, length is that 2-3 section is advisable, and blade retains 1cm or so;Managing after grafting is squirted scion with watering can, puts modeling Moisturizing is fastened in pocket, bottom, carries out mark, is placed in shady off the net, the bud erased in time on stock, treats that the bud in scion is grown to Polybag is untied during 1cm or so, notes keeping the moistening of scion leaf and sprouting after untiing until growth is stable.
Further, with the being colonized garden mould preparation method is as follows:The plot that to select that irrigation and drainage are good, the soil is porous fertile, It is that 4m × 5m, cave specification length × width × height are that 50cm × 50cm × 50cm prepares kind of a plant hole according to spacing in the rows, base manure is phosphate fertilizer The a small amount of Furadan insect prevention of dispenser in 0.5kg/ caves, plus composite fertilizer 0.25kg/ caves, cave, returns soil.
Further, it is characterised in that the composite fertilizer is N:P:K ratios 15:15:15 Dutch composite fertilizer.
Further, the trimming keeps eucalyptus highly to control between 2-3m, and crown diameter is controlled within 2m, culture That carries out but do not go for a drive is tree-like, specific as follows:
Trimmed before a, plantation:The prosperous length of bud newly sprouted after eucalyptus grafting, blade is roomy, occurs proceeding by during blade wilting Trim for the first time, trim terminal bud and a part of side shoot, each branch leaves behind two sections;Trimmed after b, field planting:After field planting, eucalyptus Tree grafting is trimmed to top and side shoot when growing to 2 meters, culture carry out it is tree-like, the bud newly sprouted after trimming by the branch of excessive growth with A large amount of branches of growing thickly are trimmed in time;Trimmed after c, receipts fruit:The annual top branch and the useless branch that hangs low received after fruit for prosperous length Trimmed;D, blow typhoon before trim:The branch of the major branch gone for a drive, influence fruit branch is trimmed before Landed Typhoon.
Further, pest control is carried out after field planting, from chlopyrifos, Permethrin, even cypermethrin, the spray of benzene chrysanthemum ester medicament Whole trunk, carries out termite-proof chemicals treatment once every year.
Present invention additionally comprises the eucalyptus breeding garden cultivated according to the method described above.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:Using the corresponding kind of eucalyptus as stock grafting, by trimming the control height of tree, tree Hat with it is tree-like, downgrade grafting using medicament, it is windproof to bury anti-airduct binding trunk, passes through the above-mentioned biology of integrated use, cultivation With physical means many kinds of measures, the eucalyptus breeding garden after special dwarfing is cultivated.Special dwarfing eucalyptus breeding garden can not only Make eucalyptus seedling in garden do sth. in advance to yield positive results, and be easy to observation, pollen collecting, pollination and fruit harvesting of blossom phenophase etc. The development of work, reduces the cost that breeding is carried out for tall and big plant eucalyptus, reduces the risk of work high above the ground, it is to avoid typhoon Harm to eucalyptus breeding garden, greatly improves the efficiency and facility of eucalyptus breeding work.
Embodiment
In order to which the present invention is described in more details, is downgraded below with Eucalyptus urophylla breeding garden and windproof cultural method is made Illustrated for example, those skilled in the art are introduced according to following, it is not necessary to which the present invention can be implemented by paying creative work Technical scheme, cultural method described in the present embodiment is also suitable for the dwarfing of the tree-like tall and big eucalyptus breeding garden of other types and anti- Wind is cultivated.
Eucalyptus urophylla is tree-like tall and big tall and straight, is that a kind of comparatively ideal economy uses forest and water and soil conservation seeds, we select tail Ye An carries out eucalyptus breeding garden and downgrades windproof experiment in cultivation:
1) grafting
A, stock are cultivated:Stock is used as from the semi-annual Eucalyptus urophylla seedling of no disease and pests harm.Detailed process is as follows:In every Year sow Eucalyptus urophylla seed 11-12 months, after 1 month after two pairs of true leaves are grown, Eucalyptus urophylla seedling is transplanted to Light media section In, Light media segment length is 10CM, and diameter 3.8CM, Light media ratio therein is rice husk:Peat:Coconut palm chaff=5:3:2.Seedling Transplant survival is simultaneously grown after stabilization, when about 5-10CM is long, is transplanted in 23*18 plastic seeding culturing bag, seedling medium ratio For yellow soil:Turf=6:4, apply 0.3% composite fertilizer (N after seedling growth is stable:P:K=15:15:15) twice, nursery stock Height about 30cm and trunk stalwartness, available for grafting, the previous week water and fertilizer control of grafting, beneficial to the semi-lignified of trunk;
B, grafting scion to stock:Excellent eucalyptus (fast-growing, dry logical straight, bloomed) is experimental field selected close to trees in family The branch on top, is wrapped with wet newspaper, takes back cool canopy grafting, the following semi-lignified of shoot apex is chosen in scion and axillary bud is not sprouted Part, do not stay terminal bud, length is that 2-3 section is advisable, blade reservation 1cm or so (not including petiole length) is split using branch Connection is grafted onto on corresponding eucalypt species;
C, managing after grafting:Scion is squirted with watering can after grafting, polybag is put, bottom fastens moisturizing, carries out mark Note, is placed in shady off the net, the bud erased in time on stock, polybag is untied when the bud in scion grows to 1cm or so, after untiing Note keeping the moistening of scion leaf and sprouting until growth is stable.
(2) it is colonized
A, soil selection:Select that irrigation and drainage are good, the soil is porous fertile plot, around without Eucalyptus Stand and tall and big trees.
B, field planting prepare:Seeding row spacing is 4m × 5m, and cave specification is length × width × height=50cm × 50cm × 50cm, and base manure is The a small amount of Furadan insect prevention of dispenser in phosphate fertilizer 0.5kg/ caves, plus composite fertilizer 0.25kg/ caves, cave, returns soil.
C, plantation:Eucalyptus grafting grows to 80cm or so, is transplanted to when growing vigorous in ground, is plugged windproof waddy, drenches foot Root water, until surviving, the bud of the following stock part eruption of scion of regularly erasing.
(3) medicine fertilizer management
Medicine fertilizer processing is carried out after eucalyptus grafting field planting half a year, in the tree crown edge ditching of every plant of tree, paclobutrazol is discharged (15% pulvis) 0.2g × ground diameter (CM), loading orchid composite fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) 0.5KG × ground diameter (CM), earthing.Often Year receives the dwarfing medicament and fertilizer management that the above is all carried out after fruit.Note:I.e. ground diameter base footpath, plant is straight with soil junction Footpath.
(4) trimming with it is windproof
A, trimming:
Trimmed before a, plantation:The prosperous length of bud newly sprouted after eucalyptus grafting, blade is roomy, occurs proceeding by during blade wilting Trim for the first time, trim terminal bud and a part of side shoot, each branch leaves behind two sections.
Trimmed after b, field planting:After field planting, top and side shoot are trimmed when eucalyptus grafting grows to 2 meters, culture is carried out Tree-like, the bud newly sprouted after trimming trims the branch of excessive growth and a large amount of branches of growing thickly in time.
Trimmed after c, receipts fruit:The annual top branch and the useless branch that hangs low received after fruit for prosperous length is trimmed.
D, blow typhoon before trim:The branch of the major branch relatively gone for a drive, influence fruit branch is trimmed before Landed Typhoon.
It is length × width × height=30CM × 30CM × 50CM that B, windproof piles, which dig cave specification, and 1 cun of specification is embedded to cement mortar Steel pipe (2.5 meters of length), 0.5 meter or so of length of embedment.With width 2CM rubber bandage by eucalyptus trunk and branch before Landed Typhoon Tightened with steel pipe.
(5) pest control
After field planting, termite-proof chemicals treatment is carried out once every year, chlopyrifos, Permethrin, even cypermethrin, the medicine such as benzene chrysanthemum ester Whole trunk is sprayed in agent.
Above-described embodiment started to have carried out planting experimentally for 5 mu of scales, the eucalyptus kind of plantation in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province in 2014 Sub- garden elite stand height of tree control is between 2.5-4 meters, 2.0 meters or so of crown diameter.Using the above method, nursery stock blooms from being transplanted to The 1.5-2 years are only needed to, the breeding garden built than seedling that so blossoms and bears fruit at least does sth. in advance more than 2 years, breeding cycle contracting Short half, breeding efficiency improves more than 1 times.Eucalyptus breeding garden is done sth. in advance to yield positive results, and is that breeder carries out every research work Provide convenience.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method, it is characterised in that comprised the following steps:
(1) grafting:From no disease and pests harm semi-annual eucalyptus seedling as stock, plant height about 30cm, trunk is healthy and strong, transfers Connect previous week water and fertilizer control;Scion selection kind eucalyptus corresponding with stock close to trees top branch, using branch cleft grafting Method is grafted onto on corresponding eucalypt species stock;
(2) it is colonized:80cm or so height is grown in eucalyptus grafting and is transplanted to field planting garden, windproof waddy is plugged, and drenches sufficient root water, Until surviving;Timing is erased the bud of the following stock part eruption of scion;
(3) medicine fertilizer management:After eucalyptus grafting field planting half a year and after annual receipts fruit, dwarf treatment, inorganic agent are carried out with paclobutrazol Measure as 15% pulvis 0.2g × CM ground diameters, while composite fertilizer topdresses once by 0.5KG/ plants.
(4) trim:The trimming includes trimming before field planting, trimming after field planting, receives trimming before fruit, receives and trim, repaiied before typhoon after fruit Cut.
2. eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after also including field planting Windproof processing, 1 cun of specification, 2.5 meters of steel pipes of length are embedded to cement mortar, and 0.5 meter or so of length of embedment uses rubber before Landed Typhoon Skin bandage tightens eucalyptus trunk and steel pipe.
3. eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the culture of the stock Method is as follows:Eucalyptus seed is sowed in the annual 11-12 months, after 1 month after two pairs of true leaves are grown, seedling is transplanted to light base In matter section, Light media segment length is 10CM, and diameter 3.8CM, Light media ratio therein is rice husk:Peat:Coconut palm chaff=5:3:2; Seedling transplant survival and grow it is stable after to 5-10CM it is long when, be transplanted in 23*18CM plastic seeding culturings bag, seedling medium ratio is Yellow soil:Turf=6:4, apply 0.3% composite fertilizer twice after seedling growth is stable, seedling height about 30cm and trunk is strong It is strong, available for grafting, the previous week water and fertilizer control of grafting, beneficial to the semi-lignified of trunk.
4. eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the grafting scion choosing The part for taking the following semi-lignified of eucalyptus shoot apex and axillary bud not to sprout, does not stay terminal bud, and length is that 2-3 section is advisable, blade Retain 1cm or so;Managing after grafting is squirted scion with watering can, puts polybag, and bottom fastens moisturizing, carries out mark, put In shady off the net, the bud erased in time on stock, polybag is untied when the bud in scion grows to 1cm or so, notes protecting after untiing The moistening of scion leaf and sprouting is held until growth is stable.
5. eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the field planting garden mould Preparation method is as follows:The plot that to select that irrigation and drainage are good, the soil is porous fertile, according to spacing in the rows be 4m × 5m, cave specification length × wide × A height of 50cm × 50cm × 50cm prepares kind of a plant hole, and base manure is phosphate fertilizer 0.5kg/ caves, plus composite fertilizer 0.25kg/ caves, dispenser in cave A small amount of Furadan insect prevention, returns soil.
6. eucalyptus breeding garden according to claim 1 is downgraded and windproof cultural method, it is characterised in that the composite fertilizer is N:P:K ratios 15:15:15 Dutch composite fertilizer.
7. eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the trimming keeps eucalyptus Height of tree degree is controlled between 2-3m, and crown diameter is controlled within 2m, and it is tree-like that culture is carried out but do not gone for a drive, specific as follows:
Trimmed before a, plantation:The prosperous length of bud newly sprouted after eucalyptus grafting, blade is roomy, occurs proceeding by first during blade wilting Secondary trimming, trims terminal bud and a part of side shoot, and each branch leaves behind two sections;Trimmed after b, field planting:After field planting, eucalyptus is transferred Top and side shoot are trimmed when seedlings picking grows to 2 meters, culture development is tree-like, the bud newly sprouted after trimming is by the branch of excessive growth and largely Branch of growing thickly is trimmed in time;Trimmed after c, receipts fruit:The annual top branch and the useless branch that hangs low received after fruit for prosperous length is carried out Trimming;D, blow typhoon before trim:The branch of the major branch gone for a drive, influence fruit branch is trimmed before Landed Typhoon.
8. eucalyptus breeding garden is downgraded and windproof cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that insect pest is carried out after field planting Preventing and treating, from chlopyrifos, Permethrin, even cypermethrin, the whole trunk of benzene chrysanthemum ester medicament spray, carries out termite-proof chemicals treatment every year Once.
9. the eucalyptus breeding garden cultivated according to any one of claim 1-8 methods described.
CN201710297178.0A 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 Eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing and windproof cultivation method and eucalyptus seed garden Active CN107114182B (en)

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CN108464182A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-08-31 云南省林业科学院 The method for promoting Bud Formation of Eucalyptus smithii L breeding garden to blossom and bear fruit and improve percentage of seedgermination
CN110337975A (en) * 2019-07-09 2019-10-18 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 A method of improving Eucalyptus cloeziana graft survival rate
CN112715090A (en) * 2021-02-06 2021-04-30 广西源安堂药业有限公司 Seedling raising method for eucalyptus robusta seeds
CN114080948A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-25 广东省林业科学研究院 Method for dwarfing and flower promoting of eucalyptus urophylla
CN114303939A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-12 广西壮族自治区国有东门林场 Artificial crossbreeding method for eucalyptus based on female parent dwarfing

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108464182A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-08-31 云南省林业科学院 The method for promoting Bud Formation of Eucalyptus smithii L breeding garden to blossom and bear fruit and improve percentage of seedgermination
CN108464182B (en) * 2018-03-29 2020-03-27 云南省林业科学院 Method for promoting blooming and fructification of eucalyptus smith seed orchard and increasing germination rate of seeds
CN110337975A (en) * 2019-07-09 2019-10-18 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 A method of improving Eucalyptus cloeziana graft survival rate
CN112715090A (en) * 2021-02-06 2021-04-30 广西源安堂药业有限公司 Seedling raising method for eucalyptus robusta seeds
CN114080948A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-25 广东省林业科学研究院 Method for dwarfing and flower promoting of eucalyptus urophylla
CN114303939A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-12 广西壮族自治区国有东门林场 Artificial crossbreeding method for eucalyptus based on female parent dwarfing

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