CN108522114B - Method suitable for ecological greening of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas - Google Patents
Method suitable for ecological greening of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for ecological greening of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas, which comprises the following steps: (1) the Michelia shiluensis is taken as a stock, and the Michelia shiluensis is taken as a grafted seedling and is used as an ecological greening plant; (2) collecting mature seeds of the michelia selaginella, and carrying out seedling culture; (3) selecting a cold day and transplanting the cold day to a nursery; (4) cutting off the main trunk of the Shilintong michelia at a position of 1-1.3 meters; (5) collecting robust michelia shiluensis scions, and grafting on side branches of michelia shilintong by using a grafting method; (6) performing conventional water and fertilizer management after grafting, and taking out of the nursery after 1 year; (7) grafted seedlings which are out of nursery are preferably transplanted to garden green lands in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas for planting in a dormant period of 11 months to 3 months in the next year; (8) and in the next year after transplanting, supporting is needed. An ecological greening method capable of resisting super-strong typhoon and quickly recovering after disaster is integrated by utilizing the biological characteristics of two plants and combining an artificial propagation technology and a cultivation technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environmental protection science, in particular to a method suitable for ecological greening in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas.
Background
The tropical monsoon climate in China is distributed in the southern part of Taiwan, the Nanhai island and the Hainan island of Renzhou; subtropical zone monsoon climate is distributed in the regions of south of Qinling river and north of tropical monsoon climate type in east of China, and coastal regions (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi) affected by the climate have moisture reduction in dry and rainy two seasons, the annual rainfall is generally more than 1000 mm, the high temperature and raininess in summer easily cause typhoon flood, and the regions are saturated with wind and flood, and the power, water supply, communication, landscaping and the like are greatly damaged every year, and the disastrous loss is serious.
Since the beginning of reform, the economy of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas develops rapidly, and the population and wealth are highly concentrated, but the human activities in the areas are in positive correlation with the damage severity of the natural environment, so that the ecological system is fragile, various natural disasters occur frequently, and the typhoon, rainstorm and flood disasters become main disasters in spring and summer in southeast coastal areas after a period of high growth and high risk coexistence. The backward ecological environment greening construction and the growing ecological service function need in coastal areas become contradictions of disaster risk prevention in the areas at present. In order to accelerate ecological greening construction, cities and development areas in coastal areas plant market goods blindly or introduce a large amount of mountain tree species and foreign tree species which are not domesticated, but generally, the plants are not resistant to waterlogging, poor in wind resistance and slow in recovery after disasters, so that the plants die in large quantities finally, a large amount of manpower, financial resources and material resources are wasted, and the expected greening effect and target cannot be achieved. Therefore, through extensive investigation on wild waterlogging-resistant and wind-resistant plants, the native landscape plants with high ornamental value are cultivated for ecological greening construction of coastal areas, and the key point for realizing ecological greening of coastal areas is.
Michelia shiluensis (Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y.F.Wu) is evergreen arbor of Michelia of Magnoliaceae, and the length of the arbor is up to 18 m. The branches naturally extend upwards and are in a tower-shaped tree crown, hard leaf leather and inverted egg-shaped oblong shape, and leaf stalks have wide furrows and have no leaf supporting marks. The flower is white, large, long in flowering period and fragrant, and is an excellent local broad-leaved tree species which integrates greening, beautifying and perfuming functions and has bright tropical and southern Asia tropical and wind-solar characteristics. It has strong adaptability and can adapt to the season wind climate with strong illumination, high temperature and much humidity; the wind resistance is strong, twelve-grade typhoon resistance can be realized, almost no typhoon damage is caused, and the method is suitable for being planted in tropical zone and south subtropical coastal typhoon areas. Michelia shiluensis is specially produced in Hainan (Changjiang, east and Baotian) and is a national second-level key tree protection plant, the existing distribution range is narrow, the resources are very rare, the natural fruiting rate is low, the seeds are deficient, the germination and seedling rate is low, the cuttage is difficult, the grafting technology is not popularized yet, the specification of green seedlings in the market is small, and the seedling source is short.
Michelia selaginella (Michelia sirindhri) n.h.xia & x.h.zhang) is an evergreen big tree of Michelia of magnoliaceae, and the trunk is straight and the height can reach 35 m. The leaves are oval, the two sides of the tender leaves are densely covered with brown and slightly soft hair, and the tender leaves are unhaired in the old; the flower is grown in the axilla of the leaf near the top of the branch, is white, is like white orchid, and has strong fragrance; a single flower can grow for 2-3 days. The flowering period is 6-7 months. The Maletone michelia is happily in high-humidity swamp forest, has strong adaptability to tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas in autumn, winter and dry season, grows fast, has developed root system, and has the potential of being cultivated into excellent stock. At present, the mature series of the Mielintong michelia seedlings suitable for large-scale production do not have a special technology related to the report of others.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method suitable for ecological greening of coastal areas with tropical and subtropical monsoon climate. The method integrates the biological characteristics of michelia shiluensis, such as waterlogging resistance, drought resistance, rapid growth and the like, and the biological characteristics of michelia shiluensis, such as resistance to superstrong typhoon, adaptability to strong illumination, high-temperature and humid monsoon climate and the like, and combines the artificial propagation technology and the cultivation technology, so that the method is convenient to operate, easy to popularize and apply, capable of rapidly forming landscape trees, resistant to waterlogging, resistant to drought, resistant to super strong typhoon, rapid in post-disaster recovery, capable of rapidly achieving greening ecological and landscape effects, and particularly suitable for greening the ecological environment of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the method is suitable for ecological greening of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the Michelia shiluensis is used as a stock, and Michelia shiluensis is used as a grafted seedling and is used as a plant for ecological greening in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate areas;
(2) collecting mature seeds of the Mielintong michelia in 9-11 months, carrying out seedling culture, obtaining seedlings in 10-12 months in the year, and carrying out container seedling culture on the obtained seedlings;
(3) in 9-11 months of the next year, selecting 3-5cm of the diameter of the Limlong michelia figo land, transplanting to a nursery garden on a shady and cold day, wherein a base fertilizer is needed during transplanting, and the distance between adjacent seedlings after transplanting is at least 3 m; later, fertilization is needed in autumn every year, and base fertilizer is adopted for circle fertilization each time;
(4) at the beginning of 7 months in the third year, the diameter of the Mielintong michelia is 7-12cm, and the trunk of the Mielintong michelia is cut at the position of 1-1.3 m;
(5) collecting robust michelia shiluensis scions at the end of the current year or at the beginning of the next year of the michelia selaginoides trunk cutting, and grafting the michelia shiluensis scions on side branches of the michelia selaginoides by using a grafting method;
(6) performing conventional water and fertilizer management after grafting, and taking out of the nursery after 1 year;
(7) grafted seedlings which are out of nursery are preferably transplanted to garden green lands in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas for planting in a dormant period of 11 months to 3 months next year, and base fertilizers are needed to be used during transplanting; then managing the conventional gardens;
(8) in the next year after the transplanting, the plants need to be bound with supporting devices beside the plants to prevent the plants from being blown by typhoons, and no support is needed after one year.
Further, in the step (2), the substrate used in the container seedling cultivation is composed of brick red soil, river sand and phosphate fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the brick red soil, the river sand and the phosphate fertilizer is 10: 1.
Further, the brick red soil is adopted in bauxite in the radial direction within 20cm around a big tree pit dug by a tree digging machine when a big tree is transplanted; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, before the seedling culture in the step (2), seeding is carried out after temperature-changing seed soaking and intermittent seed soaking treatment are carried out, wherein the temperature-changing seed soaking specifically comprises the following steps: removing oil film from the mature seed of Michelia poeciloti, soaking the seed in water of 8-40 deg.C, adding 70-98 deg.C hot water, stirring while adding hot water to make the water temperature reach 35-65 deg.C, soaking the seed in the 35-65 deg.C water, and maintaining for 1-10 min; then, after the water temperature is reduced to the room temperature, soaking seeds at the room temperature for 20-50 h; the intermittent seed soaking treatment comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds in water at room temperature for 10-25h, draining off water, wrapping with wet cloth, keeping moisture for 5-10h, soaking for 5-10 hr, draining off water, wrapping with wet cloth, and keeping moisture for 0.5-8 h.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the cooling day is 20-25 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting a water-soluble microbial agent, spraying a 500-time diluted aqueous solution to a composting point of the Xinjiang sheep manure, turning to uniformly mix the solution, and using the solution after hypha grows out.
Further, in the step (5), during grafting, selecting the michelia side branches of the Shilintong tree according to the following requirements, wherein 3-4 side branches with symmetrical orientation are selected, grafting is performed on 1 side branch by using michelia shiluensis scion strips, grafting is not performed on 2-3 side branches with symmetrical orientation, and the original shape of the side branches is kept.
Further, after 20-30 days after grafting, a large number of new buds on the michelia selaginella main trunk and the side branches not grafted with michelia shiluensis are removed, half of the total length of the side branches not grafted is cut off, the rest lengths of the side branches not grafted are cut off after 2 months, only 10cm is reserved, and a plurality of buds are subjected to additional grafting.
Further, in the step (5), water is strictly controlled within 15 days after grafting, namely, watering cannot be carried out.
Further, in the step (5), if the grafted grafting is rainy, envelope-shaped black plastic bags are immediately used for covering the grafting interfaces after the grafting interfaces are bound, and the thin iron wires are used for binding the grafting interfaces so as to prevent rainwater.
Further, in the step (7), the manufacturing method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting a water-soluble microbial agent, spraying a 500-time diluted aqueous solution to a composting point of the Xinjiang sheep manure, turning to uniformly mix the solution, and using the solution after hypha grows out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ecological greening method disclosed by the invention integrates the biological characteristics of water logging resistance, drought resistance, rapid growth and the like of michelia stevensis by utilizing the biological characteristics of michelia shiluensis, such as resistance to super typhoon, adaptability to strong illumination, high-temperature and humid monsoon climate and the like, and combining the artificial propagation technology and the cultivation technology, and is convenient to operate, easy to popularize and apply, capable of rapidly forming landscape trees, resistant to water logging, resistant to drought, resistant to super strong typhoon, rapid in post-disaster recovery, capable of rapidly achieving greening ecological and landscape effects, and particularly suitable for ecological greening in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
A method suitable for the ecological greening of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas comprises the following steps:
(1) the method is characterized in that Michelia sirindhorniae (Michelia sirindhniae) N.H.Xia & X.H.Zhang is taken as a stock, Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y.F.Wu is taken as a grafted seedling, and the Michelia shilunensis Chun is taken as a plant for ecological greening in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate areas;
(2) collecting mature seeds of the Mielintong michelia in 9-11 months, carrying out seedling culture, obtaining seedlings in 10-12 months in the year, and carrying out container seedling culture on the obtained seedlings; preferably, the mature seeds are collected from Xuwen county nursery garden, and the seedling culture adopts a special seedling culture technology, namely, the seeds are sown after the temperature-variable seed soaking and the intermittent seed soaking treatment are carried out. The germination rate of the seed of the Mielintong michelia figo is improved by strong stimulation at high temperature, slow cooling, stimulation at medium temperature and slow cooling, so that the Mielintong michelia figo seedling is obtained.
The specific method for soaking the seeds at variable temperature comprises the following steps: removing oil film from the mature seed of Michelia poeciloti, soaking the seed in water of 8-40 deg.C, adding 70-98 deg.C hot water, stirring while adding hot water to make the water temperature reach 35-65 deg.C, soaking the seed in the 35-65 deg.C water, and maintaining for 1-10 min; then, after the water temperature is reduced to the room temperature, soaking seeds at the room temperature for 20-50 h. By adopting the variable-temperature seed soaking method, the germination rate of the Liriope zilian michelia seeds can be further improved. Preferably, soaking the seeds without oil film in water of 15-30 deg.C, adding hot water of 75-85 deg.C, stirring while adding hot water to make water temperature reach 40-50 deg.C, soaking the seeds in the water of 40-50 deg.C, and maintaining for 3-5 min; then, when the water temperature is reduced to the room temperature, seed soaking is carried out for 30-35h at the room temperature, and the germination rate of the seed of the michelia poelina is higher.
The intermittent seed soaking treatment method specifically comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds in water at room temperature for 10-25h, draining off water, wrapping with wet cloth, keeping moisture for 5-10h, soaking for 5-10 hr, draining off water, wrapping with wet cloth, and keeping moisture for 0.5-8 h. By adopting the intermittent seed soaking method, the germination rate of the michelia selaginella seeds can be further improved. Preferably, the seeds are soaked in water at room temperature for 18-22h, the moisture is controlled out, the seeds are wrapped by wet cloth and moisturized for 8-15h, then the seeds are soaked for 5-6h, the moisture is controlled out, the seeds are wrapped by wet cloth and moisturized for 5-6h, and the germination rate of the Lielintong michelia figo seeds under the condition is higher.
As a further embodiment, the substrate used in the container seedling cultivation is composed of brick red soil, river sand and a phosphate fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the brick red soil, the river sand and the phosphate fertilizer is 10: 1. The brick red soil is obtained from bauxite in the radial direction within 20cm around a big tree pit dug by a tree digging machine when a big tree is transplanted in a Xuwen county nursery garden base, and the strong acid bauxite is generated by the processes of iron-rich aluminizing and biological enrichment under tropical rainforests or seasonal rainforests. The phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or dihydrogen phosphate. And applying the compound fertilizer according to a common seedling raising program during seedling raising.
(3) In 9-11 months of the second year, the diameter of the Shilintong michelia is 3-5cm, the temperature is 20-25 ℃ on a shady and cold day, the Shilintong michelia is transplanted to a nursery, a base fertilizer is used during transplanting, the distance between adjacent seedlings after transplanting is at least 3m, so that the phenomena of yin and yang branches (one side of the tree is dry and dead and the other side of the tree is alive) and dry branch phenomena after grafting are reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, the requirement that the michelia is fully and naturally stretched to form a full and round crown instead of only growing upwards is met after grafting, so that the best effect of resisting the superstrong typhoon and the ecological landscape is achieved. Later, fertilization is needed in autumn every year, and base fertilizer is adopted for circle fertilization each time;
in the step (3), as a further embodiment, the base fertilizer is prepared by the following method: selecting a hundred-ohm Doeny brand water-soluble microbial agent, spraying a 500-time diluted aqueous solution to a stacking point of decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure, turning over to uniformly mix the manure, and using the manure after hypha grows out. The purpose is to promote the growth of the root of the ficus microcarpa, the ficus microcarpa is strong firstly and then high secondly, and then is fertilized in autumn every year, and the fertilizer is still applied in circles, so that the root of the ficus microcarpa after the ficus microcarpa grows (7-8 years), the upper part of the root is exposed on the soil surface, and the lower part of the root is deeply tied into a soil diving layer, thereby achieving the effects of resisting wind, consolidating soil, drought and water logging.
(4) At the beginning of 7 months in the third year, the diameter of the Mielintong michelia is 7-12cm, and the trunk of the Mielintong michelia is cut at the position of 1-1.3 m to promote the lateral branches of the plants to grow thick;
(5) collecting robust michelia shiluensis scions at the end of the current year or at the beginning of the next year of the michelia selaginoides trunk cutting, and grafting the michelia shiluensis scions on side branches of the michelia selaginoides by using a grafting method;
in step (5), as a further embodiment, water is strictly controlled within 15 days after grafting, i.e. watering cannot be performed.
As a further implementation mode, during grafting, the requirement for selecting the michelia side branches of the Shilintong is as follows, 3-4 side branches with symmetrical orientation are selected, wherein grafting is carried out on michelia shiluensis scions on 1 side branch, grafting is carried out on the other 2-3 side branches with symmetrical orientation, and the original shape of the side branches is kept. And (3) wiping off a large number of new buds on the Michelia bicolor trunk and the side branches not grafted with Michelia bicolor after 20-30 days after grafting, cutting off half of the total length of the side branches not grafted, cutting off the rest lengths of the side branches not grafted after 2 months, only keeping 10cm, and performing additional grafting on a plurality of buds to ensure that the crowns are round and smooth.
As a further implementation mode, if the grafted branch encounters rainy days, the survival rate of the grafting is greatly influenced, the death rate is high, and even the whole army cannot cover the grafted branch. Therefore, after the grafting connector is bound, an envelope-shaped black plastic bag is immediately used for covering the grafting connector and the opening is bound by a thin iron wire to prevent rainwater.
(6) Performing conventional water and fertilizer management after grafting, and taking out of the nursery after 1 year;
(7) grafted seedlings which are out of nursery are preferably transplanted to garden green lands in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas for planting in a dormant period of 11 months to 3 months next year, and base fertilizers are needed to be used during transplanting; then managing the conventional gardens;
in step (7), as a further embodiment, the base fertilizer is prepared by the following method: selecting a hundred-ohm Doeny brand water-soluble microbial agent, spraying a 500-time diluted aqueous solution to a stacking point of decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure, turning over to uniformly mix the manure, and using the manure after hypha grows out. And (3) during transplanting, using the fertilizer prepared from the microbial agent and the decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure in the step (3) as a base fertilizer, and performing ring application by using the fertilizer every autumn to promote the root growth of the Xinjiang sheep manure and achieve the effects of strengthening first and then strengthening second.
(8) In the next year after the transplanting, the plants need to be bound with supporting devices beside the plants to prevent the plants from being blown by typhoons, and no support is needed after one year.
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and raw materials, equipments and the like used in the following examples can be obtained by purchasing them unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Seeding 10 months in 2010 to obtain seedlings of Michelia sirindhorniae (Noot. & Charermglin) N.H.Xia & X.H.Zhang, and culturing the seedlings by using a nutrition cup. The substrate used for cultivation comprises brick red soil, river sand and phosphate fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 10: 1, wherein the brick red soil is adopted in the radial direction within 10cm around a big tree pit dug by a tree digging machine when a big tree in a Xuwen nursery base is transplanted, and a compound fertilizer is applied according to a common seedling cultivation procedure during seedling cultivation.
(3) In 11 months in 2011, 300 Lielintong michelia figo seedlings are transplanted to a nursery on a cool day (20-25 ℃). And (3) spraying 500 times of water solution of the Baiougaien microbial inoculum (water-soluble type) to a purchased rotten Xinjiang sheep manure stacking point, turning to uniformly mix the manure, and after hypha grows out, using the manure as a base fertilizer for transplanting annual seedlings, wherein the distance between the tree seeds is 3.5m multiplied by 3.5m during transplanting. Later, fertilization is needed in autumn every year, and base fertilizer is adopted for circle fertilization each time;
(4) at the beginning of 7 months in 2012, the main stems of the michelia deliciosa were cut off at 1-1.3 meters.
(5) Collecting robust Michelia shiluensis (Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y.F.Wu) scions at the beginning of 12 months in 2012, grafting on Michelia shileuke lateral branches by using a branch grafting method, selecting the Michelia shileuke lateral branches as follows, selecting parts of the lateral branches with 3-4 symmetrically distributed directions, grafting the Michelia shiluensis scions on 1 lateral branch, and not grafting the other 2-3 symmetrically distributed lateral branches, so that the original form of the lateral branches is kept; after the connector is bound, immediately using an envelope-shaped black plastic bag to sleeve the connector and binding the connector with a thin iron wire to prevent rainwater; the water can not be watered if the water is strictly controlled within 15 days after grafting. And (3) wiping off a large number of new buds on the trunk and the non-grafted lateral branches at the bottom of 12 months in 2012, cutting off half of the length of the non-grafted lateral branches, and trimming the non-grafted lateral branches at the bottom of 2 months in 2013, wherein the length of the non-grafted lateral branches is only 10cm, and a plurality of buds are grafted in a supplementing manner.
(6) And performing conventional water and fertilizer management after grafting, and taking out of the nursery after 12 months in 2013. When the seedlings are out of nursery, the phenomena of yin and yang branches and dry branches after grafting are counted, only 6 plants are found, the success rate of grafting is high and the full and round rate is up to 98 percent due to full and natural stretching.
Application example 1
30 grafted seedlings obtained from example 1 are transplanted to garden green lands of the Haikou city at the end of 12 months in 2013, and are managed by conventional garden technology. And (3) during transplanting, using the fertilizer prepared from the microbial agent and the decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure as a base fertilizer, and performing ring application by using the fertilizer every autumn.
In 2014, about 7 and 18 days 15: 30, the ultra-strong typhoon 'Wilmason' lands on the coast of the town of Wenchang, Shanghai province, and the maximum wind power near the center during landing is 17 grades, which is the strongest typhoon attacking Hainan in 1973. After disaster, carrying out windstorm investigation on 30 target plants michelia shiluensis planted in garden green lands of Haikou city in Hainan province at the end of 12 months in 2013, and finding out that: 0 plant is uprooted; 0 plant is blown, bent and inclined; 7 plants have slight lopping (less than or equal to 5 percent); 20 extremely light fallen leaves (less than or equal to 1 percent); the overall wind damage rating is substantially non-damaging.
Application example 2
30 grafted seedlings obtained from example 1 are transplanted to garden green lands of Zhongshan city for planting on 27 days 12 months in 2013, and are managed by conventional garden technology. And (3) during transplanting, using the fertilizer prepared from the microbial agent and the decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure as a base fertilizer, and performing ring application by using the fertilizer every autumn.
8, 23, 12:50 in 2017, the super typhoon 'Tiange' logs in near Australian and the Zhuhai along the shore, and the maximum wind power near the center is 15 grades when logging in, so that the West bank area at the mouth of the Zhujiang is subjected to rare wind disasters which occur once in decades. Meanwhile, carrying out disaster relief investigation on the michelia shiluensis of the target plant planted in the garden green land of Zhongshan city after 30 grafted seedlings which are out of the garden are transplanted in 12 and 27 days in 2013, and finding out that: 0 plant is uprooted; 0 plant is blown, bent and inclined; 2 plants have slight branches (less than or equal to 5 percent); 14 extremely light fallen leaves (less than or equal to 1 percent); the overall wind damage rating is substantially non-damaging.
Application example 3
30 outplanted grafted seedlings of example 1 were transplanted to the garden green land of the Zhuhai city for planting in 12 months and 20 days in 2013, and were managed by conventional garden technology. And (3) during transplanting, using the fertilizer prepared from the microbial agent and the decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure as a base fertilizer, and performing ring application by using the fertilizer every autumn.
8, 23, 12:50 in 2017, the super typhoon 'Tiange' logs in near Australian and the Zhuhai along the shore, and the maximum wind power near the center is 15 grades when logging in, so that the West bank area at the mouth of the Zhujiang is subjected to rare wind disasters which occur once in decades. After disaster, 30 grafted seedlings which are out of the nursery are transplanted to a target plant michelia shiluensis planted in a garden green land in the Zhuhai city in 12, 20 and 12 days in 2013, and a disaster relief survey is carried out, and the following results are found: 0 plant is uprooted; 0 plant is blown, bent and inclined; 12 plants have slight branches (less than or equal to 5 percent); 20 extremely light fallen leaves (less than or equal to 1 percent); the overall wind damage rating is substantially non-damaging.
Application example 4
120 grafted seedlings obtained from example 1 were transplanted to Xuweng nursery base (Zhanjiang) landscape main road for planting in 2013, 12 months and 20 days, and were managed by conventional garden technology. And (3) during transplanting, using the fertilizer prepared from the microbial agent and the decomposed Xinjiang sheep manure as a base fertilizer, and performing ring application by using the fertilizer every autumn.
In 2014, about 7 and 18 days 15: 30, the ultra-strong typhoon 'Wilmason' lands on the coast of the town of Wenchang, Shanghai province, and the maximum wind power near the center during landing is 17 grades, which is the strongest typhoon attacking Hainan in 1973. And (3) transplanting 120 grafted seedlings which are out of the nursery in 2013, 12 months and 20 days to a target plant michelia shiluensis planted in a large landscape way in a Xuwen nursery base for windy investigation, and finding out that: 0 plant is uprooted; 0 plant is blown, bent and inclined; 16 plants have slight branches (less than or equal to 5 percent); 52 plants fall off leaves with extremely light degree (less than or equal to 1 percent); the overall wind damage rating is substantially non-damaging.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method suitable for the ecological greening of tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the Michelia shiluensis is used as a stock, and Michelia shiluensis is used as a grafted seedling and is used as a plant for ecological greening in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate areas;
(2) collecting mature seeds of the Mielintong michelia in 9-11 months, carrying out seedling culture, obtaining seedlings in 10-12 months in the year, and carrying out container seedling culture on the obtained seedlings;
(3) in 9-11 months of the next year, selecting 3-5cm of the diameter of the Limlong michelia figo land, transplanting to a nursery garden on a shady and cold day, wherein a base fertilizer is needed during transplanting, and the distance between adjacent seedlings after transplanting is at least 3 m; later, fertilization is needed in autumn every year, and base fertilizer is adopted for circle fertilization each time;
(4) at the beginning of 7 months in the third year, the diameter of the Mielintong michelia is 7-12cm, and the trunk of the Mielintong michelia is cut at the position of 1-1.3 m;
(5) collecting robust michelia shiluensis scions at the end of the current year or at the beginning of the next year of the michelia selaginoides trunk cutting, and grafting the michelia shiluensis scions on side branches of the michelia selaginoides by using a grafting method;
(6) performing conventional water and fertilizer management after grafting, and taking out of the nursery after 1 year;
(7) grafted seedlings which are out of nursery are preferably transplanted to garden green lands in tropical and subtropical monsoon climate coastal areas for planting in a dormant period of 11 months to 3 months next year, and base fertilizers are needed to be used during transplanting; then managing the conventional gardens;
(8) in the next year after the seedlings are transplanted, a supporting device is bound beside the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from being blown by typhoons, and no support is needed after the seedlings are transplanted;
in the step (5), during grafting, the requirements for selecting the side branches of the Mielintong michelia figo are as follows: selecting 3-4 lateral branches with symmetrically distributed orientations, wherein grafting is carried out on michelia shiluensis scion strips on 1 lateral branch, grafting is not carried out on 2-3 lateral branches with symmetrically distributed orientations, and the original form of the lateral branches is kept;
and (3) wiping off a large number of new buds on the Michelia shitonkinensis trunk and the side branches not grafted with Michelia shichenensis after 20-30 days after grafting, cutting off half of the total length of the side branches not grafted, cutting off the rest lengths of the side branches not grafted after 2 months, only keeping 10cm, and performing additional grafting on a plurality of buds.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the substrate used in the container seedling cultivation is composed of brick red soil, river sand, and phosphate fertilizer containing calcium superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the mass ratio of the brick red soil, the river sand and the phosphate fertilizer is 10: 1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the brick red soil is obtained from bauxite within radial 20cm around a tree pit of a big tree dug by a tree mover when the big tree is transplanted; the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate or dihydrogen phosphate.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that before the seedling culture in step (2), seeding is carried out after temperature-changing seed soaking and intermittent seed soaking treatment are carried out, wherein the temperature-changing seed soaking is specifically as follows: removing oil film from the mature seed of Michelia poeciloti, soaking the seed in water of 8-40 deg.C, adding 70-98 deg.C hot water, stirring while adding hot water to make the water temperature reach 35-65 deg.C, soaking the seed in the 35-65 deg.C water, and maintaining for 1-10 min; then, after the water temperature is reduced to the room temperature, soaking seeds at the room temperature for 20-50 h; the intermittent seed soaking treatment comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds in water at room temperature for 10-25h, draining off water, wrapping with wet cloth, keeping moisture for 5-10h, soaking for 5-10 hr, draining off water, wrapping with wet cloth, and keeping moisture for 0.5-8 h.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the temperature of the cooling day is 20-25 ℃; the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting a water-soluble microbial agent, spraying a 500-time diluted aqueous solution to a composting point of the Xinjiang sheep manure, turning to uniformly mix the solution, and using the solution after hypha grows out.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (5), water is strictly controlled, i.e., cannot be watered, within 15 days after grafting.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (5), if rainy days are encountered after grafting, the grafting port is immediately wrapped with an envelope-type black plastic bag and tied with fine iron wires to prevent rain.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the base fertilizer is prepared by the following method: and (3) selecting a water-soluble microbial agent, spraying a 500-time diluted aqueous solution to a composting point of the Xinjiang sheep manure, turning to uniformly mix the solution, and using the solution after hypha grows out.
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| CN105027741A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-11-11 | 广东神州木兰园林有限公司 | Magnolia sirindhorniae seed germination and seedling cultivation method |
| CN105165303A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Rapid cultivation method for Michelia guangdongensis landscape tree |
| CN106212058A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of propagation by grafiting method of Michelia shiluensis |
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| CN104126418A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-11-05 | 安徽美心生态园林有限公司 | Southern magnolia grafting method |
| CN104798606A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 武汉法雅园林集团有限公司 | Method for grafting michelia champaca in top grafting manner by using michelia chapensis dandies as parental stocks |
| CN107135818B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-08-18 | 甘孜藏族自治州林业科学研究所 | High-pile budding method for Kangding magnolia |
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| CN105165303A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Rapid cultivation method for Michelia guangdongensis landscape tree |
| CN105027741A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-11-11 | 广东神州木兰园林有限公司 | Magnolia sirindhorniae seed germination and seedling cultivation method |
| CN106212058A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of propagation by grafiting method of Michelia shiluensis |
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