CN110169231B - Germination method and seedling method of quassia seeds - Google Patents
Germination method and seedling method of quassia seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110169231B CN110169231B CN201910217164.2A CN201910217164A CN110169231B CN 110169231 B CN110169231 B CN 110169231B CN 201910217164 A CN201910217164 A CN 201910217164A CN 110169231 B CN110169231 B CN 110169231B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a germination method and a seedling raising method of seeds of quanlang trees. The germination method comprises the following steps: selecting mature seeds of the quanlang tree; removing the hull of the quassia seeds; and carrying out temperature-changing seed soaking treatment and germination culture treatment on the seeds of the quassia tree without the shells. The seedling raising method adopts the germination method to raise seedlings. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for germinating the seeds of the quassia tree and the method for culturing the seedlings of the quassia tree, the germination time of the seeds of the quassia tree can be obviously shortened, and the germination rate of the seeds of the quassia tree and the survival rate of the seedlings are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a germination method and a seedling raising method of seeds of quanlang trees.
Background
The quanlang tree is also called as herba Sonchi Oleracei, ramulus et folium Schefflerae Arboricolae, flos Jasmini sambac, and radix Dichroae, is a shrub plant of Clerodendrum of Verbenaceae, and can be up to 2 m in height; the roots, stems and leaves have bitter taste; quadrangular, yellow-grey. The mangrove forest is distributed in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong and southeast Asia areas, islands of the Pacific ocean and the north of the oceania, is a semi-mangrove plant which is one of the main tree species for coastal afforestation in southeast of China, has various habitats, and can be traced on coastal sandy land, mangrove forest inner margin, sea dike, fish pond bank and the like.
Quassia is also a widely used medicinal plant, and is often used to treat a variety of different diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, diabetes, neuropsychiatric diseases, asthma, rheumatism, digestive system diseases, urinary system diseases, and the like. In addition, it is also a commonly used bitter tonic. The water soluble or alcohol soluble compounds have analgesic, antidiarrheal, antimalarial, hypoglycemic, sedative, antiasthmatic, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiarthritic effects.
The cultivation of the quanlang tree seedlings has very important relation with the germination of the quanlang tree seeds and the seedling cultivation efficiency, but because the seeds are not mature enough, hard and not easy to permeate water, the existing quanlang tree cultivation method has the problems of low germination rate and low seedling survival rate. According to statistics, the emergence rate of the seeds of the quassia cultivated by the prior art is less than 25%, and the normal emergence rate of the untreated seeds is less than 2%.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a germination method of quassia seeds so as to solve the problem of low germination rate of the existing quassia seeds.
Another objective of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings of quassia seeds, so as to solve the problem of low survival rate of existing quassia seeds.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a germination method of seeds of quassia. The germination method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
selecting mature seeds of the quanlang tree;
removing the hull of the quassia seeds;
and carrying out temperature-changing seed soaking treatment and germination culture treatment on the seeds of the quassia tree without the shells.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method for raising seedlings of quassia seeds is provided. The seedling raising method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
carrying out germination treatment on the seeds of the quassia tree by the germination method;
sowing the seeds of the quanlang trees after the germination treatment in a seedbed matrix, and managing the seedbed to ensure that the seeds of the quanlang trees germinate and grow into seedlings;
and transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to a preset height.
Compared with the prior art, the germination method can obviously and effectively shorten the germination time of the seeds of the quanlang trees and improve the germination rate, and only 5-7 days are needed from seed soaking to white exposure.
The method for raising the seedlings of the quassia seeds adopts the quassia seeds germinated by the method for germinating the quassia seeds, so that the germination rate of the quassia seeds and the survival rate of the seedlings are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a germination method of seeds of Kurang tree provided by an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 is a process flow chart of a seedling raising method of quassia seeds provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a germination method of seeds of the quassia tree. The process flow of the germination method of the quassia seeds is shown in figure 1, and the germination method comprises the following steps:
s01, selecting mature seeds of the quanlang tree;
s02, removing the shells of the seeds of the quanlang trees;
and S03, carrying out temperature-changing seed soaking treatment and germination culture treatment on the seeds of the quassia tree without the shells.
In step S01, the seeds of the quassia tree collected in 3-12 months of the year are selected to be black brown. And (4) screening the collected seeds of the quanlang trees with the aperture of 0.8-1cm, and reserving seeds on the screen surface. After physical sieving, high-quality seeds which are well developed, mature and healthy, namely, the four nucleuses of the drupes are evenly and fully split.
In step S02, since the quassia seeds have a hard outer shell that is not conducive to germination, the outer shell is removed to facilitate germination of the quassia seeds. In one embodiment, the method of removing the hull of the quassia seed may comprise the steps of: soaking the selected quanlang tree seeds in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 8-10min, taking out the seeds from the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, cleaning the residual concentrated hydrochloric acid on the surfaces of the soaked quanlang tree seeds, and finally peeling off the shells of the quanlang tree seeds. In this example, the selected concentrated hydrochloric acid was a commercially available 36.5% concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. Soaking the seeds in concentrated hydrochloric acid for 8-10min to remove hard shell, and promoting seed germination.
The purpose of the temperature-changing seed soaking treatment in the step S03 is to make the quassia seeds quickly absorb water to reach a water content capable of normally sprouting. The water content of the dried seeds is usually below 15%, the physiological activity is very weak, and the seeds are in a dormant state. After the seeds absorb water, oxygen dissolved in the water enters the cells along with the water, and the enzymes in the seeds also start to activate. Due to the action of enzyme, the respiration of embryo is enhanced, the embryo obtains water, energy and nutrient substances, and under the condition of proper temperature and oxygen, the cell begins to divide, elongate and germinate. In this embodiment, the temperature-varying process includes the following steps:
firstly, soaking the seeds of the quanlang tree without the shells in warm water at 40-50 ℃, repeating the step of soaking the seeds of the quanlang tree without the shells in the warm water for a plurality of times after the water is naturally cooled, and finally soaking the seeds of the quanlang tree with the water at room temperature for 24-48 hours. Among them, the number of repetitions is preferably two.
In addition, the germination culture treatment in step S03 is to place the quassia seeds subjected to the temperature-variable seed soaking treatment on a wet film layer, cover a breathable wet cover layer on the quassia seeds, and then perform seed whitening culture. In this embodiment, the wet film layer includes a first filter paper layer, a towel layer and a second filter paper layer which are sufficiently moisture permeable, and the first filter paper layer, the towel layer and the second filter paper layer are sequentially stacked along a direction from the first filter paper layer to the second filter paper layer. The covering layer comprises a towel layer.
Specifically, two layers of filter paper, one layer of towel and two layers of filter paper are sequentially paved on the inner surface of a bottom plate by using a small plastic turnover frame, after the filter paper, the quanlang tree seeds subjected to variable-temperature seed soaking treatment are placed on the filter paper, covered by a wet towel and placed in an incubator for white exposure culture.
In the above embodiment, the conditions for the white-exposed culture of the seeds of the quanlang tree are as follows: and in a dark environment, the temperature is 26-28 ℃, and the wet film layer and the breathable wet covering layer keep the humidity required for exposing the seeds to be white.
The seeds of the quassia amara germinated according to the germination method in the embodiment can obviously and effectively improve the germination rate, shorten the germination time of the quassia amara seeds, and only take 5-7 days from seed soaking to white exposure.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a seedling raising method of the seeds of the quassia. The process flow of the method for raising seedlings of the quassia seeds is shown in figure 2, and comprises the following steps:
s04, germinating seeds of the quanlang trees;
s05, sowing the seeds of the quanlang trees subjected to germination treatment in a seedbed matrix, and managing the seedbed to ensure that the seeds of the quanlang trees germinate and grow into seedlings;
and S06, transplanting the seedlings after the seedlings grow to a preset height.
The germination treatment of the step S04 is realized by adopting the germination method, and the germination method has high germination rate and short germination time, so that the germination rate of the seeds of the Kurang trees and the survival rate of seedlings are obviously improved.
The seedbed matrix of step S05 contains peat soil, pond sludge, and sea sand, and in this embodiment, the seedbed matrix is formed by mixing peat soil: pond sludge: the sea sand is prepared by mixing (2-3): (1.5-2): 1-1.5), and specifically can be prepared by mixing 2:1.5: 1. Wherein the peat soil is imported seedling-culturing peat with a specification of 0-5mm and good water-retaining property, the pond sludge is high-quality fishpond sludge rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the matrix is sterilized at high temperature. The seedbed matrix mixed according to the proportion provides required nutrition for the Lianglang tree seeds, and improves the seedling survival rate of the Lianglang tree seeds.
In addition, the method for managing a bed in step S05 includes the steps of: and shading the seedbed substrate sowed with the quassia seeds until the quassia seeds germinate and grow into seedlings. In this embodiment, the light-shielding treatment may be, but is not limited to, covering the black plastic film, and forming holes in the film to make oxygen in the plastic film sufficient. And removing the membrane cover after the seeds are broken and jacked, culturing for 5 hours in an outdoor ventilation place at eight to eleven points in the morning and at four to six or half in the evening, and avoiding strong light and direct irradiation.
After the seedlings grow to the preset height in the step S06, the seedlings have good environment adaptation capability, so that the seedlings are transplanted. In one embodiment, the preset height is the height of the seedlings from 4 cm to 6 cm.
In a further embodiment, after the transplanting treatment of the plantlets, the management and culture treatment of the transplanted plantlets is further included. In this example, the plantlets were transplanted into nursery pots. And watering, fertilizing, airing and nursing the fertilizer, wherein the water-fertilizer ratio is 3: 1 (using the neoonly biological bacterial manure) is applied once a week, the airing is sequentially increased for illumination time, the direct incidence of sunlight at noon is still avoided at first, and the seedlings can be properly hardened after lignification. The seedlings treated by the step have good growth capacity and stability.
The seeds of the quassia tree cultivated by the seedling method in the embodiment can obviously improve the germination rate of the seeds of the quassia tree and the survival rate of seedlings.
The germination method and seedling raising method of the seeds of the quassia tree are exemplified by the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a germination method and a seedling raising method of seeds of quassia. The germination method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and screening: after collecting seeds of the quanlang trees naturally mature in the same year, screening 100 seeds with uniformly-divided and full nuts by using a grain seed sieve of 1 cm;
(2) seed shelling: soaking the seeds in 36.5% concentrated hydrochloric acid for 10 min; washing with tap water for 3 times, and peeling off the seed shell of the quanlang tree;
(3) soaking seeds at variable temperatures: soaking seeds in warm water of 50 ℃ for half an hour, naturally cooling to room temperature, repeating the step of soaking seeds in warm water for three times, and soaking the seeds in water for 24 hours at room temperature;
(4) germination and culture: spreading 2 layers of filter paper and a towel below a small plastic turnover frame, spreading two layers of filter paper, fully wetting, placing the soaked seeds of the quanlang tree on the filter paper, covering with a wet towel, culturing in an incubator for 3 days under the dark condition of 28 ℃, taking out, and exposing the seeds of the quanlang tree to white.
The germination rate of the quassia seeds germinated by the germination method of the quassia seeds in the embodiment is 85 percent through counting.
The seedling raising method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(5) seedling culture: placing the seeds of the quanlang trees germinated by the germination method of the quanlang trees on a seedling tray containing a seedbed matrix with white tips facing downwards, placing 2-3 seeds in each hole at intervals, spraying a layer of thin soil to cover the naked seeds of the quanlang trees, and spraying the seeds to be wet; the seedbed matrix is prepared from peat soil: pond sludge: mixing the sea sand 2:2:1, peat soil as imported peat, pond sludge as high-quality pond sludge, and filling the substrate into a seedling tray after high-temperature sterilization; placing the seedling raising tray into a small turnover basket, covering a black plastic film, forming holes on the film, placing the film in an incubator at 26-28 ℃ for dark culture, removing the film after the seeds are ejected out of soil, performing scattered light culture in a shady place indoors, and keeping the substrate wet during the whole culture period;
(6) transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 5cm, transplanting the seedlings into a seedling raising pot for independent cultivation. And watering, fertilizing, airing and nursing the fertilizer regularly.
Through counting, the survival rate of the seedlings of the method for raising the seeds of the quanlang trees in the embodiment is 94.1%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a germination method and a seedling raising method of seeds of quassia. The germination method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and screening: after collecting seeds of the taro trees naturally mature in the same year, 100 seeds are screened by 1cm of grain seeds;
(2) seed shelling: soaking the seeds in 36.5% concentrated hydrochloric acid for 10 min; washing with tap water for 3 times, and peeling off the seed shell of the quanlang tree;
(3) soaking seeds at variable temperatures: soaking seeds in warm water of 40 ℃ for half an hour, naturally cooling to room temperature, repeating the step of soaking seeds in warm water for three times, and soaking the seeds in water for 48 hours at room temperature;
(4) germination and culture: spreading 2 layers of filter paper and a towel below a small plastic turnover frame, spreading two layers of filter paper, fully wetting, placing the soaked seeds of the quanlang tree on the filter paper, covering with a wet towel, culturing in an incubator for 3 days under the dark condition of 28 ℃, taking out, and exposing the seeds of the quanlang tree to white.
The germination rate of the quassia seeds germinated by the germination method of the quassia seeds in the embodiment is 78% by counting.
The seedling raising method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(5) seedling culture: placing the seeds of the quanlang trees germinated by the germination method of the quanlang trees on a seedling tray containing a seedbed matrix with white tips facing downwards, placing 2-3 seeds in each hole at intervals, spraying a layer of thin soil to cover the naked seeds of the quanlang trees, and spraying the seeds to be wet; the seedbed matrix is prepared from peat soil: pond sludge: mixing the sea sand with peat as imported peat, the pond sludge is high-quality pond sludge, and the medium is sterilized at high temperature and filled into a seedling tray; placing the seedling raising tray into a small turnover basket, covering a black plastic film, forming holes on the film, placing the film in an incubator at 26-28 ℃ for dark culture, removing the film after the seeds are ejected out of soil, performing scattered light culture in a shady place indoors, and keeping the substrate wet during the whole culture period;
(6) transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 6cm, transplanting the seedlings into a seedling raising pot for independent cultivation. And watering, fertilizing, airing and nursing the fertilizer regularly.
According to the counting, the survival rate of the seedlings of the method for raising the seeds of the quanlang trees is 89.7%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a germination method and a seedling raising method of seeds of quassia. The germination method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and screening: after collecting seeds of the taro trees naturally mature in the same year, 100 seeds are screened by 1cm of grain seeds;
(2) seed shelling: soaking the seeds in 36.5% concentrated hydrochloric acid for 10 min; washing with tap water for 3 times, and peeling off the seed shell of the quanlang tree;
(3) soaking seeds at variable temperatures: soaking seeds in warm water at 45 ℃ for half an hour, naturally cooling to room temperature, repeating the step of soaking seeds in warm water for three times, and soaking the seeds in water at room temperature for 48 hours;
(4) germination and culture: spreading 2 layers of filter paper and a towel below a small plastic turnover frame, spreading two layers of filter paper, fully wetting, placing the soaked seeds of the quanlang tree on the filter paper, covering with a wet towel, culturing in an incubator for 3 days under the dark condition of 28 ℃, taking out, and exposing the seeds of the quanlang tree to white.
The germination rate of the quassia seeds germinated by the germination method of the quassia seeds in the embodiment is 81 percent through counting.
The seedling raising method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(5) seedling culture: placing the quassia seeds germinated by the germination method of the quassia seeds on a seedling raising tray containing a seedbed matrix with white tips facing downwards, placing 2 seeds in each hole at intervals, spraying a layer of thin soil to cover the naked quassia seeds, and spraying the thin soil to moisten the seeds; the seedbed matrix is prepared from peat soil: pond sludge: mixing the sea sand with peat as imported peat, the pond sludge is high-quality pond sludge, and the medium is sterilized at high temperature and filled into a seedling tray; placing the seedling raising tray into a small turnover basket, covering a black plastic film, forming holes on the film, placing the film in an incubator at 26-28 ℃ for dark culture, removing the film after the seeds are ejected out of soil, performing scattered light culture in a shady place indoors, and keeping the substrate wet during the whole culture period;
(6) transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 6cm, transplanting the seedlings into a seedling raising pot for independent cultivation. And watering, fertilizing, airing and nursing the fertilizer regularly.
Through counting, the survival rate of the seedlings of the method for raising the seeds of the quanlang trees is 87.6%.
Comparative example
The embodiment provides a germination method and a seedling raising method of seeds of quassia. The germination method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and screening: after collecting seeds of the taro trees naturally mature in the same year, 100 seeds are screened by 1cm of grain seeds;
(2) seed soaking: soaking in water at room temperature for 48 hr;
(3) germination and culture: spreading 2 layers of filter paper and a towel below a small plastic turnover frame, spreading two layers of filter paper, fully wetting, placing the soaked seeds of the quanlang tree on the filter paper, covering with a wet towel, culturing in an incubator for 7 days under the dark condition of 28 ℃, taking out, and exposing the seeds of the quanlang tree to white.
The germination rate of the quassia seeds germinated by the germination method of the quassia seeds in the embodiment is 14% through counting.
The seedling raising method of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
(4) seedling culture: putting the seeds of the quanlang trees germinated by the germination method of the quanlang trees on a seedling tray containing a conventional seedbed matrix with white tips facing downwards, putting 1 seed in each hole, spraying a layer of thin soil to cover the naked seeds of the quanlang trees, and spraying the seeds to be wet; the substrate is sterilized at high temperature and is loaded into a seedling raising tray; placing the seedling raising tray into a small turnover basket, covering a black plastic film, forming holes on the film, placing the film in an incubator at 26-28 ℃ for dark culture, removing the film after the seeds are ejected out of soil, performing scattered light culture in a shady place indoors, and keeping the substrate wet during the whole culture period;
(5) transplanting: when the seedlings grow to 6cm, transplanting the seedlings into a seedling raising pot for independent cultivation. And watering, fertilizing, airing and nursing the fertilizer regularly.
According to the counting, the seedling survival rate of the seedling raising method of the quassia seeds in the embodiment is 71.4%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A seedling raising method of seeds of Kulang tree comprises the following steps:
germinating the seeds of the quanlang trees; the method for germinating the seeds of the quassia tree is carried out according to the following steps:
selecting mature seeds of the quanlang tree;
removing the hull of the quassia seeds;
carrying out temperature-changing seed soaking treatment and germination culture treatment on the seeds of the quanlang trees without the shells;
sowing the seeds of the quanlang trees after the germination treatment in a seedbed matrix, and managing the seedbed to ensure that the seeds of the quanlang trees germinate and grow into seedlings;
transplanting the seedlings after the seedlings grow to a preset height;
wherein the method for removing the hull of the quassia seeds comprises the following steps:
soaking the quassia seeds in a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution for 8-10min, then washing the residual concentrated hydrochloric acid solution with water, and finally peeling the shells of the quassia seeds; wherein the concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is 36.5%;
the method for soaking seeds at variable temperature comprises the following steps:
firstly, soaking the seeds of the quassia tree with shells removed in warm water at 40-50 ℃, repeating the step of soaking the seeds of the quassia tree with shells removed in warm water for a plurality of times after the water is naturally cooled, and finally soaking the seeds of the quassia tree with shells removed in warm water for 24-48 hours at room temperature:
the germination culture treatment method comprises the following steps:
placing the seeds of the quanlang trees subjected to the temperature-variable seed soaking treatment on a wet film layer, covering a breathable wet covering layer on the seeds of the quanlang trees, and then performing seed whitening culture;
wherein the conditions of the seed white exposure culture are as follows: in a dark environment, the temperature is 26-28 ℃; the wet film layer comprises a first filter paper layer, a towel layer and a second filter paper layer which are fully moisture permeable, and the first filter paper layer, the towel layer and the second filter paper layer are sequentially stacked along the direction from the first filter paper layer to the second filter paper layer;
the seedbed matrix comprises a mixture of peat soil, pond sludge and sea sand, and the peat soil: pond sludge: the mass ratio of the sea sand is 2:1.5:1 or 2:2: 1.
2. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for managing the seedbed comprises the following steps: and shading the seedbed substrate sowed with the quassia seeds until the quassia seeds germinate and grow into seedlings.
3. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the transplanting treatment of the seedlings, performing management and culture treatment on the seedlings; and/or
The preset height is 4-6 cm.
4. A method for raising seedlings according to any one of claims 3, characterized in that: the management and cultivation treatment comprises watering and fertilizing the seedlings and airing and nursing.
5. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the breathable wet cover layer comprises a towel layer.
6. A seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wet film layer and the breathable wet cover layer maintain the humidity required for seed whitening.
7. A method of raising seedlings according to any one of claims 1 and 5 to 6 wherein the step of selecting mature seeds of Kurang tree comprises:
collecting the naturally mature seeds of the Kulang tree in 3-12 months in one year, and screening the seeds with the aperture of 0.8-1cm to reserve the seeds on the screen surface.
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