CN111109002A - Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes, which comprises the following steps: step S1, building a grape garden, selecting a garden, improving soil and building a grape trellis; step S2, selecting a resistant stock grafted seedling; step S3, planting the nursery stock, namely planting the root system of the grafted nursery stock after pruning and soaking; and step S4, managing after permanent planting. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the growth condition of the sunshine rose grape saplings is better than that of the traditional cultivation mode, the summer bud secondary tips are promoted to grow and develop through a series of operations such as reasonable trimming and shaping, fertilizer and water management and the like, the fruits can reach a high yield state in the next year, and the appearance and the internal quality of the fruits are higher than those of the traditional cultivation mode.

Description

Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a management method of a sunshine rose grape sapling.

Background

After the sunshine rose grapes are introduced into China from Japan by 2008, a plurality of successful cultivation experiences are groped through multi-party exploration and research; the development of grape production areas in China is large from 2016. The variety is mainly characterized by temperature preference, moisture resistance, strong disease resistance, suitability for non-coring treatment, large fruit grains, hard and crisp pulp, strong flavor and excellent quality, and is deeply loved by consumers; the grape variety has high market price and good fruit grower benefit, is a very excellent grape variety, is another main cultivated variety after Kyoho, red grape and summer black in China, and has very wide development prospect.

The method is characterized in that fruit growers have good benefits in two years, after the fruit growers develop in a large area blindly, the problem of seedling management is that ① is high in requirements on soil, particularly soil organic matters, the content of the soil organic matters is preferably more than 2%, otherwise, nutrient deficiency symptoms and fruit fragrance are prone to occur, ② newly-planted seedlings are difficult to manage, the seedlings of the variety are easy to waterlog and fertilizer damage, growth vigor is inconsistent, iron deficiency symptoms are prone to occur at low temperature in spring, ③ is high in requirements on fertilizer water, large water is needed, vigorous tree cultivation is performed, management of the seedlings in the current year is critical to the second year, management is improper, yield cannot be formed in the second year, plants are re-cultivated in the second year after the current year is cut, or the phenomena of fruit grain size, fruit rust severity, fragrance difference and tree weakness and even tree death in the second year occur.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems of poor tree growth and low fruit yield caused by improper management of the young sunshine muscat trees in the prior art, the invention provides a management method of the young sunshine muscat trees.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a method for managing young sunshine rose grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, building a grape garden, selecting a garden, improving soil, building a grape trellis and paving a water and fertilizer pipeline;

step S2, selecting a resistant stock grafted seedling;

step S3, planting the nursery stock, namely planting the root system of the grafted nursery stock after pruning and soaking;

step S4, managing after planting;

managing after planting comprises fertilizer water management, shaping and pruning and pest control;

wherein the pruning comprises the following steps:

s4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a strong new shoot to keep upright and upward growth after grape seedlings sprout, pinching after reaching a first steel wire, reserving two new shoots at the top to grow, culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine, and promoting the growth of auxiliary shoots of summer buds through fertilizer and water management to ensure that the thickness of the two main vines reaches more than 1 cm;

step S4-2-2: trimming in winter, when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tips of the main vines is below 0.5cm, trimming all the summer bud secondary tips, and when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tips of the main vines is above 0.6cm, reserving 1-2 buds for trimming; and when the thickness of the minor tips of the summer buds of the main vines is 0.5-0.6 cm, cutting off all the minor tips of the summer buds or reserving 1-2 buds for trimming.

Further, in the step S1, before the nursery stock is planted for one month, soil improvement needs to be completed, wherein the soil improvement comprises base fertilizer application and ridging;

the types and application amounts of the base fertilizers are as follows:

decomposed cattle and sheep manure: 15 tons/mu, thoroughly decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer: 0.5 ton/mu, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 0.15 ton/mu, 0.05 ton/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and microbial organic fertilizer: 1 ton/mu.

Further, in the step S2, the scion of the selected resistant rootstock grafted seedling is selected to be free of plant diseases and insect pests, complete in root system, more than 0.6cm thick for annual branches of sunshine muscat, and more than 4 full buds; the rootstock is 5 BB.

Further, in the step S3, after the grafted seedling is trimmed, the grafted seedling is first soaked in clean water, then is disinfected by a disinfectant, and is finally soaked again in a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant growth regulator is 500ppm naphthylacetic acid slurry; the planting density is 35 plants/mu-40 plants/mu; the row spacing of the grape plants is 3 meters by 6 meters.

Further, in step S3, soaking in 1000 times of 50% phoxim solution for 5 minutes is required between soaking in clear water and disinfectant.

Further, in the step S3, a deep-digging and shallow-planting mode is adopted, the planting points are made into turtle-back-shaped soil piles, the root systems of the seedlings are isolated by loam which is not contacted with any fertilizer, the isolation thickness is 10cm, the root systems extend to the periphery, the seedlings are lifted after being planted, gaps are not left in the root systems, the grafting openings are 8 cm-12 cm away from the ground, sufficient root fixing water is poured, small soil piles with the height of 8 cm-12 cm are planted around the seedlings after the seedlings are infiltrated underwater, and the small soil piles are covered by black mulching films to prevent grasses and preserve moisture.

Further, in step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

s4-1-1, growing 6 leaves on the young shoots, and after tendrils are seen, performing flushing application by using high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer, wherein 3 kg/mu-5 kg/mu is used every time, and the flushing application is performed once every 15-20 days;

step S4-1-2, when the young sprout growth height reaches 1.8 m: flushing with 1000 times of 60% balanced water soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of seaweed essence or amino acid, 3 kg/mu-5 kg/mu each time, and flushing once every 7-10 days until the growth length of two main vines at the top reaches 3 m, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 60% -80%, and the fertilizer is flushed for 4-5 times;

step S4-1-3, after 8 months, spraying chlormequat chloride, boron fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, combining with amino acid foliar fertilizer, spraying for 2-3 times in 15 days;

step S4-1-4: applying a base fertilizer in autumn: ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are arranged at the positions 1 m away from the two sides of the trunk, 2000 kg/mu-3000 kg/mu of decomposed animal manure, 400 kg/mu-600 kg/mu of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 30 kg/mu-60 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 600 kg/mu of medium trace element fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are buried and applied, the fertilizer and soil are uniformly mixed and then backfilled, and watering and moisture preservation are carried out.

Further, in the step S4, after the seedlings are planted until young shoots grow to 6 leaf stage, if the soil is white, the seedlings can be applied by being matched with seaweed essence fertilizer, 5kg of fertilizer water is applied by being applied to each seedling by being applied at intervals of 15-20 days, the soil humidity is kept at 60-80%, and the seedlings are applied by being applied for 1-2 times;

and S4-1-1, irrigating roots of weak seedlings with 2% indolebutyric acid 1000 times matched with seaweed essence, amino acid or fulvic acid, alternately spraying 0.004% brassinolide 1000 times liquid or 0.1% thidiazuron 500 times liquid on leaves, and irrigating 3-4 times after 6 young shoots reach 1.8 m height.

Further, in step S4, the plastic trimming includes the following steps:

step S4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a robust new shoot to keep growing vertically and upwards after grape seedlings sprout, pinching when the other one grows to 3-4 leaves, erasing the rest buds, pruning 30cm of the new shoot under a horizontal steel wire when the vertical new shoot grows to 2m, reserving two new shoots at the top end to grow, culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine, reserving 3-4 leaves to pinch after the rest summer bud auxiliary shoots grow to 5 leaves of a main stem, being beneficial to increasing the thickness of the main stem, conducting post-pinching at the top end when the left main vine and the right main vine grow to 3 m, reserving 3-4 leaves to pinch when the middle summer bud auxiliary shoots grow to 4-5 leaves, and conducting post-pinching twice;

step S4-2-2, pruning all summer bud secondary tips when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tips of the main vines is below 0.6cm in winter; when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tip of the main vine is more than 0.6cm, when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tip is 0.5cm-1.0cm, 1 bud is reserved for pruning, and when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tip is more than 1.0cm, 2 buds are reserved for pruning.

Further, in step S4, the pest control method includes:

prevention and treatment of anthracnose and powdery mildew: alternately using 25% pyraclostrobin 2000-fold solution, 40% difenoconazole 3000-fold solution and 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution;

control of downy mildew: using 80% mancozeb 1000 times liquid and 60% fomanzinc 800 times liquid alternately for prevention and treatment;

controlling green plant bugs and aphids: using 1000 times of cyhalothrin solution of 5 percent, 3000 times of thiamethoxam solution of 30 percent and 1000 times of bifenthrin solution of 4.5 percent for prevention and treatment;

and (3) control of prodenia litura: and (3) using 3000 times of 5% emamectin benzoate solution and 3000 times of 5% chlorantraniliprole solution for prevention and treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the growth condition of the young sunshine rose trees is superior to that of the young sunshine rose trees in the traditional cultivation mode, the growth and development of the summer buds and the side shoots are promoted through a series of management such as reasonable pruning and shaping and fertilizer and water control, the fruits can reach a high yield state in the next year, and the appearance and the internal quality of the fruits are higher than those of the fruits planted in the traditional mode; (2) through ridging and field planting, the distribution density of grape root systems is high, seaweed essence or a regulator is adopted to stimulate the root systems to grow, accurate fertilization can be achieved, the root systems have high absorption and utilization of fertilizer water, the fertilizer loss is reduced, the using amount of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in the growth period is about 30kg, the using amount of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in the traditional fertilization is about 60kg through fertilizer burying and water flushing, and the fertilizing amount is reduced by half compared with the traditional fertilization; (3) increase the fertilizer use amount when building the garden, disposable input improves the organic matter of soil, reduces the later stage and hinders because of the big-arch shelter facility, improves fertilization efficiency, practices thrift the cost. And compared with other grape varieties, the sunshine rose grape seedling management has higher permeability to soil organic matters and soil. (4) Compared with the traditional seedling, the invention saves the seedling cost by 5.5 times by enlarging the row spacing, the plant spacing and the planting density of the grapes.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with embodiments, which are included to explain the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

Planting test is carried out in the Yanghua street, mountain river and New village in the New continent area of Wuhan city, Hubei province

The method for managing the young trees of the sunshine muscat comprises the following steps:

step S1, building a grape garden, selecting a garden, improving soil and building a grape trellis;

selecting a garden: the sunlight is sufficient, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the climate is humid; the method has the advantages of fertile soil, good permeability, high organic matter content, sufficient water source, convenient pipe arrangement, low underground water level, no heavy metal pollution and convenient traffic.

Soil improvement: before the nursery stock is planted for one month, soil improvement is required to be completed, wherein the soil improvement comprises base fertilizer application and ridging;

applying 15 tons of decomposed cattle and sheep manure per mu, and then adding 500kg of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 100kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 40kg of 40% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 500kg of microbial organic fertilizer mainly containing bacillus subtilis; after the fertilizer is uniformly spread, deep ploughing by using a rotary cultivator to ensure that the fertilizer and the soil are uniformly mixed, and the rotary tillage depth is more than 30 cm; then, ridges are directly formed in the middle of the greenhouse, the height of each ridge is 40cm, and the width of each ridge surface is 260 cm; this work was done 1 month before planting.

Tree and shelf selection

And (3) selecting a multi-span steel frame greenhouse, wherein the span of the greenhouse is 6 meters, the length of the greenhouse is 60 meters, and the upright posts are 4 meters. A galvanized drainage groove is adopted at the shoulder height of the connected greenhouse, the shoulder height is 2.4 meters, and the top height is 3.6 meters; the horizontal wire drawing is carried out at a position 1.8 meters away from the ground, a T-shaped frame is adopted for tree form, and the frame type is a horizontal shed frame. One planting ridge is arranged under each single greenhouse, and 4 water and fertilizer pipelines are laid on the ridge.

Step S2, selecting a resistant stock grafted seedling;

scion grafting: the rose grape seedling has the advantages that the rose grape seedling has no plant diseases and insect pests, complete root systems, more than 0.6cm of thickness of annual branches and tendrils of the sunshine rose grape and more than 4 full buds; 5BB was selected as the rootstock.

Step S3, planting the nursery stock, namely planting the root system of the grafted nursery stock after pruning and soaking;

the planting time is as follows: generally, the field planting is carried out in late spring, before the injury period of root systems and about 20 days before germination, and the field planting is carried out in 3 early 3 March at the bottom of 2 months in China.

And (3) nursery stock treatment: pruning the root system, keeping the length at 25cm, and keeping 3-4 plump grafting buds of the scions; removing the grafted membrane, and soaking in clear water for 12 hours; soaking the plant in 1000-fold solution of 50% phoxim for 5 min, and dipping the branch in 5 Baume degree lime sulphur for 3-5 s for disinfection; the root system was then soaked with 500ppm naphthylacetic acid mud.

The planting method comprises the following steps: the sun rose is planted deeply and shallowly, a planting point is made into a turtle-back-shaped soil pile, the root system of a seedling is isolated by loam which is not contacted with any fertilizer, the isolation thickness is 10cm, the root system extends to the periphery, the seedling is lifted after planting, the root system is not provided with a gap, a grafting port is 10cm away from the ground, sufficient root fixing water is poured, after underwater infiltration, a small soil pile with the height of 10cm is planted around the seedling, and the seedling is covered by a black mulching film with the width of 1.2m and the thickness of 0.02mm, thereby preventing grasses and preserving moisture; after planting, the row spacing of the grape plants is 3 meters by 6 meters.

Step S4, managing after planting;

managing after planting comprises fertilizer water management, shaping and pruning and pest control;

in step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

after the nursery stock is planted until the young shoots grow to 6 leaf stages: if the soil is whitish, the seaweed fine fertilizer can be applied by flushing 2000 times, 5kg of fertilizer water is applied to each seedling, and the application is carried out once every 15 days. The soil humidity is kept at about 70% all the time, and the soil is applied for 1-2 times.

And step S4-1-1, growing 6 leaves on the young shoots, after tendrils are seen, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 50% high-nitrogen high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of amino acid fertilizer, wherein 3kg-5kg of the fertilizer is used per mu each time, the concentration is gradually increased, generally not more than 500 times, and the flushing application is performed once every 15-20 days. Irrigating the roots of weak seedlings with 1000 times of 2% indolebutyric acid, and matching with seaweed essence, amino acid or fulvic acid. The leaf is sprayed with 0.004% brassinolide 1000 times liquid or 0.1% thidiazuron 500 times liquid alternately. After 6 leaves of young sprout reach 1.8 m height, the mixture is applied by flushing for 3-4 times.

And S4-1-2, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 60% balanced water soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of seaweed essence or amino acid, using 3-5kg per mu each time, and performing flushing application once in 7-10 days until the growth length of the top two main vines reaches 3 meters, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 70%, and the fertilizer is generally flushed for 4-5 times in the period.

And step S4-1-3, after 8 months, spraying 750 times of 50% chlormequat chloride, 2000 times of 21% boron fertilizer and 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, combining an amino acid foliar fertilizer, spraying 2-3 times once in 15 days, and promoting branch and vine maturity and flower bud differentiation.

Step S4-1-4: generally, the application starts in the middle ten days of 9 months; ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are arranged at the positions 1 meter away from the two sides of the trunk, and 2000kg-3000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 500kg of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50kg of boron zinc fertilizer and other medium and trace fertilizers and 500kg of microbial fertilizers are buried and applied per mu. And (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil, backfilling, and watering for moisturizing.

In step S4, the plastic trimming includes the following steps:

and S4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a strong young sprout to keep growing vertically and upwards after the grape seedling sprouts, pinching when the other young sprout grows to 3-4 sheets, and erasing the rest sprouts. When the vertical young shoots grow to 2m high, cutting off 30cm young shoots under the horizontal steel wire by 10cm, keeping two young shoots at the top end to grow, and culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine; when the secondary tips of the rest summer buds of the main trunk grow to 5 leaves, 3-4 pinching after absolute picking is reserved, which is beneficial to increasing the thickness of the main trunk. When the left and right main tendrils grow to 3 meters, the top end is processed completely, when the middle summer bud secondary tips grow to 4-5 leaves, 3-4 leaves are left for pinching, and after 5 leaves grow, 3 leaves are left for pinching.

Step S4-2-2, pruning all summer bud auxiliary tips when the thickness of the main vine auxiliary tips is below 0.6cm in winter, and utilizing the main vine winter buds as the fruit for the next year; when the thickness of the auxiliary tips of the main vines is more than 0.6cm, and the thickness of the auxiliary tips of summer buds is 0.6cm-1cm, 1 bud is left for pruning; when the thickness of the auxiliary tip of the summer bud is more than 1cm, 2 buds are left for pruning, and the auxiliary tip of the summer bud becomes a fruiting mother branch.

In the step S4, the pest control method includes:

prevention and treatment of anthracnose and powdery mildew: alternately using 25% pyraclostrobin 2000-fold solution, 40% difenoconazole 3000-fold solution and 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution;

using 1000 times of solution of 80 percent mancozeb and 800 times of solution of 60 percent fomes zinc alternately to prevent and control downy mildew; control with 4.5% lygus lucorum and aphid: using 1000 times of cyhalothrin, 30% of 3000 times of thiamethoxam and 4.5% of 1000 times of bifenthrin for prevention and treatment;

and (3) control of prodenia litura: and (3) using 3000 times of 5% emamectin benzoate solution and 3000 times of 5% chlorantraniliprole solution for prevention and treatment.

Example 2

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

Step S4-2-2, pruning all summer bud auxiliary tips when the thicknesses of the summer bud auxiliary tips of the main vine are below 0.5cm in winter, and using the winter buds of the main vine as the fruit for the next year; when the thickness of the auxiliary tips of the main vines is 0.5cm-0.8cm, a bud is reserved at the auxiliary tip of the summer bud for winter pruning; and (3) when the thickness of the summer buds and the auxiliary tips of the main vines is more than 0.8cm, reserving 2 buds for pruning.

Example 3

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

And S4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a strong young sprout to keep growing vertically and upwards after the grape seedling sprouts, pinching when the other young sprout grows to 3-4 sheets, and erasing the rest sprouts. When the vertical young shoots grow to 2m high, cutting off 30cm young shoots under the horizontal steel wire by 10cm, keeping two young shoots at the top end to grow, and culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine; when the secondary tips of the rest summer buds of the main trunk grow to 7 leaves, 5-6 pinching leaves after the dead are reserved, which is beneficial to increasing the thickness of the main trunk. When the left and right main vines grow to 3 meters, the top end is processed completely, when the middle summer bud secondary tips grow to 4-5 pieces, leaves 3-4 are left for pinching, and when 6 leaves grow behind, leaves 4 are left for pinching.

Example 4

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

And S4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a strong young sprout to keep growing vertically and upwards after the grape seedling sprouts, pinching when the other young sprout grows to 3-4 sheets, and erasing the rest sprouts. When the vertical young shoots grow to 2m high, cutting off 30cm young shoots under the horizontal steel wire by 10cm, keeping two young shoots at the top end to grow, and culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine; when the auxiliary tips of the rest summer buds of the main trunk grow to 6 leaves, 4-5 pinching after absolute picking is reserved, which is beneficial to increasing the thickness of the main trunk. When the left and right main vines grow to 3 meters, the top end is processed completely, when the middle summer bud secondary tips grow to 4-5 pieces, leaves 3-4 are left for pinching, and when 8 leaves grow behind, leaves 6 are left for pinching.

Example 5

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

After field planting, the seedlings grow to the 6-leaf stage: if the soil is whitish, the seaweed fine fertilizer can be applied by flushing 2000 times, 5kg of fertilizer water is applied to each seedling, and the application is performed once every 10 days. The soil humidity is kept at about 70% all the time, and the water is applied for 1-2 times.

In step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

and step S4-1-1, growing 6 leaves on the young shoots, after tendrils are seen, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 50% high-nitrogen high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of amino acid fertilizer, wherein 3kg-5kg of the fertilizer is used per mu each time, the concentration is gradually increased, generally not more than 500 times, and the flushing application is performed once every 15-20 days. The leaf is sprayed with 0.004% brassinolide 1000 times liquid or 0.1% thidiazuron 500 times liquid alternately. After 6 leaves of young sprout reach 1.8 m height, the mixture is applied by flushing for 3-4 times.

And S4-1-2, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 60% balanced water soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of seaweed essence or amino acid, using 3-5kg per mu each time, and performing flushing application once in 7-10 days until the growth length of the top two main vines reaches 3 meters, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 70%, and the fertilizer is generally flushed for 4-5 times in the period.

And step S4-1-3, after 8 months, spraying 750 times of 50% chlormequat chloride, 2000 times of 21% boron fertilizer and 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, combining an amino acid foliar fertilizer, spraying 2-3 times once in 15 days, and promoting branch and vine maturity and flower bud differentiation.

Step S4-1-4: generally, the application starts in the middle ten days of 9 months; ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are arranged at the positions 1 meter away from the two sides of the trunk, and 2000kg-3000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 500kg of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50kg of boron zinc fertilizer and other medium and trace fertilizers and 500kg of microbial fertilizers are buried and applied per mu. And (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil, backfilling, and watering for moisturizing. "

Example 6

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

After field planting, the seedlings grow to the 6-leaf stage: if the soil is whitish. The soil humidity is kept at about 70 percent all the time, and the soil is applied by flushing for 1 to 2 times.

In step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

managing after planting comprises fertilizer water management, shaping and pruning and pest control;

in step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

and step S4-1-1, growing 6 leaves on the young shoots, after tendrils are seen, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 50% high-nitrogen high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of amino acid fertilizer, wherein 3kg-5kg of the fertilizer is used per mu each time, the concentration is gradually increased, generally not more than 500 times, and the flushing application is performed once every 15-20 days. Irrigating the roots of weak seedlings with 1000 times of 2% indolebutyric acid, and matching with seaweed essence, amino acid or fulvic acid. The leaf is sprayed with 0.004% brassinolide 1000 times liquid or 0.1% thidiazuron 500 times liquid alternately. After 6 leaves of young sprout reach 1.8 m height, the mixture is applied by flushing for 3-4 times.

And S4-1-2, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 60% balanced water soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of seaweed essence or amino acid, using 3-5kg per mu each time, and performing flushing application once in 7-10 days until the growth length of the top two main vines reaches 3 meters, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 70%, and the fertilizer is generally flushed for 4-5 times in the period.

And step S4-1-3, after 8 months, spraying 750 times of 50% chlormequat chloride, 2000 times of 21% boron fertilizer and 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, combining an amino acid foliar fertilizer, spraying 2-3 times once in 15 days, and promoting branch and vine maturity and flower bud differentiation.

Step S4-1-4: generally, the application starts in the middle ten days of 9 months; ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are arranged at the positions 1 meter away from the two sides of the trunk, and 2000kg-3000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 500kg of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50kg of boron zinc fertilizer and other medium and trace fertilizers and 500kg of microbial fertilizers are buried and applied per mu. And (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil, backfilling, and watering for moisturizing. "

Example 7

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

After field planting, the seedlings grow to the 6-leaf stage: the soil did not whiten. The soil humidity is kept at about 70 percent all the time, and the soil is applied by flushing for 1 to 2 times.

In step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

managing after planting comprises fertilizer water management, shaping and pruning and pest control;

in step S4, the fertilizer water management includes the following steps:

and step S4-1-1, growing 6 leaves on the young shoots, after tendrils are seen, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 50% high-nitrogen high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of amino acid fertilizer, wherein 3kg-5kg of the fertilizer is used per mu each time, the concentration is gradually increased, generally not more than 500 times, and the flushing application is performed once every 15-20 days. Irrigating the roots of weak seedlings with 1000 times of 2% indolebutyric acid, and matching with seaweed essence, amino acid or fulvic acid. The leaf is sprayed with 0.004% brassinolide 1000 times liquid or 0.1% thidiazuron 500 times liquid alternately. After 6 leaves of young sprout reach 1.8 m height, the mixture is applied by flushing for 3-4 times.

And S4-1-2, performing flushing application by using 1000 times of 60% balanced water soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of seaweed essence or amino acid, using 3-5kg per mu each time, and performing flushing application once in 7-10 days until the growth length of the top two main vines reaches 3 meters, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 70%, and the fertilizer is generally flushed for 4-5 times in the period.

And step S4-1-3, after 8 months, spraying 750 times of 50% chlormequat chloride, 2000 times of 21% boron fertilizer and 0.3% monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, combining an amino acid foliar fertilizer, spraying 2-3 times once in 15 days, and promoting branch and vine maturity and flower bud differentiation.

Step S4-1-4: generally, the application starts in the middle ten days of 9 months; ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are arranged at the positions 1 meter away from the two sides of the trunk, and 2000kg-3000kg of decomposed cattle and sheep manure, 500kg of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50kg of boron zinc fertilizer and other medium and trace fertilizers and 500kg of microbial fertilizers are buried and applied per mu. And (3) uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the soil, backfilling, and watering for moisturizing. "

Comparative example 1

Compared with the embodiment 1, the method is modified by

And step S4-2-2, pruning the summer bud secondary tips in winter, and reserving 2 buds for pruning to obtain fruiting primary branches.

Comparative example 2

And the same variety is selected from the same variety in the same place and planted in a traditional mode.

Step S4-2-2, pruning all summer bud auxiliary tips when the thickness of the main vine auxiliary tips is below 0.6cm in winter, and utilizing the main vine winter buds as the fruit for the next year; when the thickness of the auxiliary tips of the main vines is more than 0.6cm, and the thickness of the auxiliary tips of summer buds is 0.6cm-1cm, remaining 3 buds for pruning; when the thickness of the auxiliary tip of the summer bud is more than 1cm, 3 buds are left for pruning, and the auxiliary tip of the summer bud becomes a bearing mother branch

The growth conditions of the above examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were counted, and the statistical results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 statistical Table of growth conditions

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A method for managing young sunshine rose grapes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, building a grape garden, selecting a garden, improving soil, building a grape trellis and paving a water and fertilizer pipeline;

step S2, selecting a resistant stock grafted seedling;

step S3, planting the nursery stock, namely planting the root system of the grafted nursery stock after pruning and soaking;

step S4, managing after planting;

managing after planting comprises fertilizer water management, shaping and pruning and pest control;

wherein the pruning comprises the following steps:

s4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a strong new shoot to keep upright and upward growth after grape seedlings sprout, pinching after reaching a first steel wire, reserving two new shoots at the top to grow, culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine, and promoting the growth of auxiliary shoots of summer buds through fertilizer and water management to ensure that the thickness of the two main vines reaches more than 1 cm;

step S4-2-2: trimming in winter, when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tips of the main vines is below 0.5cm, trimming all the summer bud secondary tips, and when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tips of the main vines is above 0.6cm, reserving 1-2 buds for trimming; and when the thickness of the minor tips of the summer buds of the main vines is 0.5-0.6 cm, cutting off all the minor tips of the summer buds or reserving 1-2 buds for trimming.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, soil improvement is performed before the seedlings are planted for one month, and the soil improvement comprises applying base fertilizer and ridging;

the types and application amounts of the base fertilizers are as follows:

decomposed cattle and sheep manure: 15 tons/mu, thoroughly decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer: 0.5 ton/mu, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 0.15 ton/mu, 0.05 ton/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and microbial organic fertilizer: 1 ton/mu.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the scion of the selected resistant rootstock graft is selected to be free of plant diseases and insect pests, complete in root system, and with a annual vine thickness of the rose grape of greater than 0.6cm, and has more than 4 full buds; the rootstock is 5 BB.

4. The method for managing young trees of sunshine muscadine according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, after the grafted seedlings are trimmed, the grafted seedlings are soaked in clear water, then are disinfected by a disinfectant, and finally are soaked again by a plant growth regulator, wherein the plant growth regulator is 500ppm naphthylacetic acid mud; the planting density is 35 plants/mu-40 plants/mu; the row spacing of the grape plants is 3 meters by 6 meters.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S3, 50% phoxim 1000 times solution is used for 5 minutes between soaking in clear water and disinfectant.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the planting site is made into a turtle-back soil pile, the root system of the nursery stock is isolated by loam without contacting any fertilizer, the thickness of the isolated root system is 10cm, the root system extends all around, the nursery stock is lifted up after planting, the root system has no gap, the grafting site is 8cm to 12cm from the ground, the root water is watered sufficiently, after the infiltration of water, a small soil pile 8cm to 12cm high is planted all around the nursery stock, and the small soil pile is covered by a black plastic film for weed control and moisture preservation.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the fertilizer management comprises the following steps:

s4-1-1, growing 6 leaves on the young shoots, and after tendrils are seen, performing flushing application by using high-nitrogen and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer, wherein 3 kg/mu-5 kg/mu is used every time, and the flushing application is performed once every 15-20 days;

step S4-1-2, when the young sprout growth height reaches 1.8 m: flushing with 1000 times of 60% balanced water soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of seaweed essence or amino acid, 3 kg/mu-5 kg/mu each time, and flushing once every 7-10 days until the growth length of two main vines at the top reaches 3 m, wherein the soil humidity is kept at 60% -80%, and the fertilizer is flushed for 4-5 times;

step S4-1-3, after 8 months, spraying chlormequat chloride, boron fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces, combining with amino acid foliar fertilizer, spraying for 2-3 times in 15 days;

step S4-1-4: applying a base fertilizer in autumn: ditches with the width of 30cm and the depth of 40cm are arranged at the positions 1 m away from the two sides of the trunk, 2000 kg/mu-3000 kg/mu of decomposed animal manure, 400 kg/mu-600 kg/mu of decomposed vegetable cake fertilizer, 30 kg/mu-60 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 600 kg/mu of medium trace element fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are buried and applied, the fertilizer and soil are uniformly mixed and then backfilled, and watering and moisture preservation are carried out.

8. The method for managing the young sunshine rose grape trees according to claim 7, wherein in the step S4, after the seedlings are planted and the young shoots grow to 6 leaves, if the soil is white, the seedlings can be applied by being matched with seaweed essence fertilizer, 5kg of fertilizer water is applied by being matched with seaweed essence fertilizer, the soil humidity is kept at 60% -80% all the time, and the period is applied by being applied;

and S4-1-1, irrigating roots of weak seedlings with 2% indolebutyric acid 1000 times matched with seaweed essence, amino acid or fulvic acid, alternately spraying 0.004% brassinolide 1000 times liquid or 0.1% thidiazuron 500 times liquid on leaves, and irrigating 3-4 times after 6 young shoots reach 1.8 m height.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S4, the pruning step comprises the following steps:

step S4-2-1, pruning in summer, selecting and reserving a robust new shoot to keep growing vertically and upwards after grape seedlings sprout, pinching when the other one grows to 3-4 leaves, erasing the rest buds, pruning 30cm of the new shoot under a horizontal steel wire when the vertical new shoot grows to 2m, reserving two new shoots at the top end to grow, culturing into a left main vine and a right main vine, reserving 3-4 leaves to pinch after the rest summer bud auxiliary shoots grow to 5 leaves of a main stem, being beneficial to increasing the thickness of the main stem, conducting post-pinching at the top end when the left main vine and the right main vine grow to 3 m, reserving 3-4 leaves to pinch when the middle summer bud auxiliary shoots grow to 4-5 leaves, and conducting post-pinching twice;

step S4-2-2, pruning all summer bud secondary tips when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tips of the main vines is below 0.6cm in winter; when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tip of the main vine is more than 0.6cm, when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tip is 0.5cm-1.0cm, 1 bud is reserved for pruning, and when the thickness of the summer bud secondary tip is more than 1.0cm, 2 buds are reserved for pruning.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the pest control comprises:

prevention and treatment of anthracnose and powdery mildew: alternately using 25% pyraclostrobin 2000-fold solution, 40% difenoconazole 3000-fold solution and 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution;

control of downy mildew: using 80% mancozeb 1000 times liquid and 60% fomanzinc 800 times liquid alternately for prevention and treatment;

controlling green plant bugs and aphids: using 1000 times of cyhalothrin solution of 5 percent, 3000 times of thiamethoxam solution of 30 percent and 1000 times of bifenthrin solution of 4.5 percent for prevention and treatment;

and (3) control of prodenia litura: and (3) using 3000 times of 5% emamectin benzoate solution and 3000 times of 5% chlorantraniliprole solution for prevention and treatment.