CN114847075B - Planting and cultivating method of sun roses - Google Patents
Planting and cultivating method of sun roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN114847075B CN114847075B CN202210449555.9A CN202210449555A CN114847075B CN 114847075 B CN114847075 B CN 114847075B CN 202210449555 A CN202210449555 A CN 202210449555A CN 114847075 B CN114847075 B CN 114847075B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting cultivation method of sun rose, which prepares fertilizer required by the sun rose according to the growth characteristics of the sun rose grape in the current planting period, and sets fertilizer application intervals, fertilizer application times, fertilizer application amount and fertilizer water amount according to different requirements of nutrient elements in different growth periods. The field planting cultivation method can reduce the cost of agricultural materials obviously, and compared with the commercial finished product macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the cost can be saved by more than 50 percent, and the planting income is improved obviously; the standardization degree is high, the requirements of different production stages of the sunlight rose grape on nutrients can be met, the use amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the reduction and synergy are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a planting and cultivating method of rose in sunlight.
Background
The sunlight rose grape is introduced into China from Japan in 2009, the fruits are sweet and delicious, the fruit fragrance is attractive and is deeply favored by consumers, the economic benefit of 8 ten thousand to 10 ten thousand yuan can be brought to planting owners per mu, and the sunlight rose is planted at the current increasing capital and large area investment. When many planting owners are changed from summer black, kyoho and clenbuterol into sunshine roses.
In recent years, the large-area entry of social capital into the field of agricultural planting is realized, the annual growth of land rents in subtropical monsoon climate areas is realized, the phenomenon that individual planting areas are difficult to obtain in one place and can not be covered in one place is caused, and the annual land renting amount of planting sunlight roses in some areas reaches 3000-5000 yuan/mu. The sun rose planted in the current year of the large base is integrated from land covering and garden preparation, facility construction, nursery stock field planting and the like, the average cost per mu is approximately 28000-45000 yuan/mu, the input cost is high, and therefore, if the sun rose grape is planted in one area, the owners of the sun rose grape are not planted well, surrounding farmers are not afraid of re-planting, and the development of the sun rose grape planting industry in the area is affected.
Sunlight rose grapes are very sensitive to the requirements of climatic conditions and soil environment. The traditional grape planting generally selects open-air cultivation, can use too much medicine on preventing and curing sunshine rose cordyceps sinensis, and causes the phenomenon of too high pesticide residue of fruits to occur, thereby bringing risks to the health of common people, and also can appear that the planted fruits are different in size, low in commercialized fruit ratio and not have economic benefits. More and more sunlight rose grapes are selected to be cultivated in a closed environment, and influence on the quality of the sunlight rose caused by precipitation and too severe illumination change is isolated as much as possible.
The sunlight rose grape is a variety with high requirements on the planting technology level, and in recent years, the problem is encountered in the planting process of sunlight rose in various places of China, wherein an important problem is that seedlings planted in the current year are not grown well, stiff seedlings appear, no yield or low yield is caused in the next year, and finally, the seedlings are abandoned in the garden; the other is that the seedlings planted in the current year are better, but the fertilizer and water management is improper, and the core picking and pruning technology is not in place, so that no inflorescence or few inflorescences are caused in the next year. Therefore, the standardized orchard establishment, the accurate quantitative fertilizer and water management, the heart picking, shaping and pruning technology and the disease and worm grass prevention and control technology of the current year of the sunlight rose grape field planting orchard are used for guaranteeing that more flowers exist in the 2 nd year, have a certain yield and have good benefits, and are the key points of the current development of the sunlight rose grape. Chen Xiangyun, wang Xianrong, dan Xuehui, etc. "sunshine rose" grape biological characteristics and its cultivation key technique [ J ]. Hunan agricultural science, 2019 (8): 4., sichun love, zhang Yongtao, song Yan, etc. sunshine rose grape cultivation key and production practice [ J ]. Northwest gardening: fruit trees 2019 (5): 4. Et al disclose some points of solar muscadine cultivation, however, have poor applicability in subtropical monsoon climates. The subtropical monsoon climate area of China is located in the middle part of the south, approximately at about 24 degrees in North latitude, the annual average temperature is about 16-20 ℃, the coldest month average temperature is 2-8 ℃, most areas in winter are relatively warm, and the climate difference among other areas is large.
As the sunlight rose grape has strict requirements on fertilizer water management, the general planting households all adopt finished product macroelement water-soluble fertilizers so as to meet the requirements of the sunlight rose grape, however, the cost of the finished product macroelement water-soluble fertilizers is higher. Meanwhile, the quality of the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is different, so that the effect is poor. The development of the low-cost and high-efficiency sunlight-rose grape fertilizer water management method meets the special requirements of sunlight-rose grapes in subtropical monsoon climate areas, and has very important significance for improving the quality of the sunlight-rose grapes and increasing the income of growers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art and provides a sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method suitable for subtropical monsoon climate areas.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
applying a base fertilizer after ploughing, and arranging a rain-sheltering cultivation base;
finishing the field planting of the sunlight rose grape before the end of 2 months;
after the sunshine rose grape seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, supplementing the deficiency and starting fertilization, wherein the fertilization amount is as follows: 1400-1600 g/mu of nitrogen fertilizer and 2 parts/mu of special microbial fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1400-1600 g/mu of special fertilizer 1, 2 parts/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1400-1600 g/mu of special fertilizer 1, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1800-2200 g/mu of special fertilizer No. 1, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1800-2200 g/mu of special fertilizer No. 1, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer; after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2400-2700 g/mu of special fertilizer No. 1, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer; after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2800-3200 g/mu of special fertilizer, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer, 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer and 900-1100 g/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; after 9-11 days each interval, the fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount for 3 times in total;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2800-3200 g/mu of special fertilizer, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer, 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer and 1800-2200 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate; after 9-11 days each interval, the fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount for 2 times in total;
shi Qiufei in the last 9 to 10 months;
wherein, the mass composition ratio of the special fertilizer No. 1 to the special fertilizer No. 2 is as follows:
| component (A) | Special fertilizer for No. 1 | Special fertilizer for No. 2 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 80～115 | 28～33 |
| Monopotassium phosphate | / | 32～40 |
| Urea | 75～110 | 160～180 |
| Potassium nitrate | 25～33 | 48～59 |
| Potassium sulfate | 50～75 | 195～225 |
| Potassium chloride | 13～17 | 54～74 |
| Organic matter | 4.7～5.5 | 12～17 |
| Magnesium fertilizer | 2.5～3.3 | 8～10.5 |
| Zinc fertilizer | 2.5～3.3 | 8～10.5 |
| Boron fertilizer | 2.5～3.3 | 6～8 |
The 1 part of special microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: bacillus subtilis (2-3) ×10 13 cfu, bacillus licheniformis (2-3) x 10 13 cfu, bacillus megatherium (2-3). Times.10 13 cfu and the corresponding substrate.
In some examples of sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation methods, the base fertilizer consists of 4.5-5.3 tons/mu of organic fertilizer, 90-115 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 45-56 kg/mu of oil cake, and the organic fertilizer meets the NY525-2002 quality standard.
In some examples of the sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method, the organic matter is at least one of humic acid, amino acid, molasses fermentation liquid, seaweed extract, sugar alcohol, chitin, chitosan oligosaccharide and other water-soluble organic matters. The organic matters can be well dispersed in water, are more uniformly distributed to root systems, improve the soil microenvironment, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, promote the growth of the root systems, improve the stress resistance of the sunlight rose grapes and promote the absorption of fertilizer. The corresponding organic matter can be selected according to specific needs.
In some examples of the sun-light muscadine planting cultivation method, the magnesium fertilizer is at least one selected from magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, ETDA-magnesium. The magnesium fertilizer has good water solubility and good absorbability, and can supplement magnesium element more quickly and fully, thereby meeting the requirement of magnesium in the growth process of the sunlight rose grape.
In some examples of the sun-light muscadine planting cultivation method, the zinc fertilizer is selected from at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, ETDA-zinc. The zinc fertilizers have good water solubility and are easy to absorb.
In some examples of the sun-light muscadine planting cultivation method, the boron fertilizer is selected from at least one of boric acid, sodium tetraborate, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate. The boron fertilizer has good water solubility and is easy to absorb.
In some examples of solar muscadine planting methods, the fertilizer is applied by dispersing the fertilizer in water during application or replenishment of the fertilizer. Thus, the fertilizer can be more uniformly supplemented, and the integrated fertilizer and water supplement is realized.
In some examples of sun-light muscat planting cultivation methods, the row spacing is 3 meters and the plant spacing is 2 meters during planting.
In some examples of the sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method, 5-6 buds are reserved for the root seedlings used for field planting, 12-18 cm of root system is reserved in a shearing mode, and field planting is carried out after water is fully absorbed.
In some examples of the sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method, 3-4 buds are cut on a grafting port of a grafting seedling used for field planting, 12-18 cm of root system is cut, and field planting is performed after water is fully absorbed.
In some examples of the sun-light rose grape field planting cultivation method, 1-2 buds are cut off from the secondary tips in winter as fruit branches for the next year.
In some examples of the sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method, the secondary shoots are trimmed according to the thickness of the secondary shoots and the buds of 1-2 buds in the first winter of 1 month in the next year, the secondary shoots are trimmed less than 0.4 cm, and the secondary shoots exceeding 0.8 cm are trimmed to leave 3-5 buds under the condition of insufficient buds. Shoots with a thickness exceeding 1.2cm were not germinated.
In some examples of solar muscadine planting methods, it is suitable for use in subtropical monsoon climates.
In some examples of the sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method, the magnesium content of the magnesium fertilizer is 18-23 wt%.
In some examples of solar rose grape field planting cultivation methods, the zinc content of the zinc fertilizer is 13-28 wt%.
In some examples of solar rose grape field planting cultivation methods, the boron content of the boron fertilizer is 19-25 wt%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method, fertilizers required by sunlight rose are prepared according to the growth characteristics of the sunlight rose grape in the current field planting period, and the fertilization intervals, the fertilization times, the fertilization amount and the fertilizer water amount are set according to different requirements of nutrient elements in different growth periods.
The sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method of some examples of the invention can reduce the cost of agricultural materials obviously, and compared with the finished product macroelement water-soluble fertilizer sold in the market, the cost can be saved by more than 50%, and the planting income is improved obviously.
The sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method of some examples of the invention has high standardization degree, can meet the requirements of different production stages of sunlight rose grape on nutrients, reduces the use amount of fertilizer and realizes decrement synergy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the growth of a solar rose grape by different planting and fertilizing methods.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the growth of the sun-light muscat grape at the end of 7 months according to the planting and fertilizing method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 and 4 are photographs showing the growth condition of the stiff seedling of the sunlight muscat in 8 months by the conventional field planting and fertilizing method.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of flower buds of a second year of planting the sunlight rose grape by the planting and fertilizing method of the invention.
Fig. 6 to 9 are photographs showing flower bud differentiation conditions of the second year of the planting and fertilizing method of the present invention.
Fig. 10 to 12 are photographs showing flower bud differentiation conditions of the second year of solar muscat permanent planting by the conventional permanent planting and fertilizing method.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by combining examples.
Vineyard is located in Sichuan Wenchang city.
Building a garden by using sunlight and rose grapes:
after plowing, base fertilizer (5 tons of organic fertilizer, 100 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of oil cake with the quality standard of NY 525-2002) is applied per mu.
According to the standard of the standardized sunlight rose vineyard, the work such as the orchard fence, hardening of the production road of the vineyard, the fertilizer distribution pool, the dispensing pool, the machine row pool, the drainage ditch, the carriage surface arrangement, the field planting hole, the cement column or the steel pipe column position mark and the like are completed.
And (3) finishing drip irrigation installation before the end of 1 month, cement columns, ground anchors, supporting columns or preparing steel frame materials, planting cement columns or planting steel pipes, welding frame steel pipe beams, drawing frame steel wires, building a rain shelter jackscrew, or finishing construction of the steel frame greenhouse and covering a rain shelter film.
And finishing the field planting and plastic film mulching of the seedlings before 2 months.
Planting sunlight rose grapes:
finishing field planting work at the end of 2 months, digging field planting holes according to plant row spacing requirements (north-south direction, row spacing 3 meters and plant spacing 2 meters) before field planting, wherein 5-6 buds are cut from root seedlings, and 15 cm is cut from root systems; removing the grafting film from the grafted seedling, shearing 3 buds on the grafting port, shearing 15 cm on the root system, immersing the root system in water for 24 hours, carrying out field planting after the seedling absorbs enough water, supporting the seedling by one person during field planting, covering the soil by 1 person, pressing the root system layer by fine soil, compacting, and watering the root system to obtain the root-fixing water.
After field planting, drip irrigation pipes (a tee joint is used for a common micro-spraying belt with the length of less than 40 meters, and a four-way joint is used for a common micro-spraying belt with the length of more than 40 meters) are arranged according to requirements, and drip irrigation is used for irrigation when soil is dry.
The grass-preventing and moisture-preserving effects can be achieved by paving a high-quality black mulching film with the width of 1.2 meters on the surface of the field planting furrow.
Sunlight rose grape fertilizer and water management:
the inventor combines the requirements of the sun rose on nutrient elements and the requirements of the sun rose on trace sensitive quality elements through tracking the planting period of the sun rose for 5 years. The special formula for the sun roses is optimized by 50 times of adjustment, the special formula combines the climate conditions and the soil structure characteristics of subtropical monsoon climate areas, organic and inorganic substances are applied, complex microelements, fertilizer synergists, microbial agents and other complexes are added, and the precise formula fertilization is realized.
Wherein: the compositions of the special fertilizer No. 1 and the special fertilizer No. 2 are as follows:
| component (A) | Special fertilizer for No. 1 | Special fertilizer for No. 2 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 80～115 | 28～33 |
| Monopotassium phosphate | / | 32～40 |
| Urea | 75～110 | 160～180 |
| Potassium nitrate | 25～33 | 48～59 |
| Potassium sulfate | 50～75 | 195～225 |
| Potassium chloride | 13～17 | 54～74 |
| Organic matter | 4.7～5.5 | 12～17 |
| Magnesium fertilizer | 2.5～3.3 | 8～10.5 |
| Zinc fertilizer | 2.5～3.3 | 8～10.5 |
| Boron fertilizer | 2.5～3.3 | 6～8 |
Preferably, the mass composition ratio of the special fertilizer No. 1 to the special fertilizer No. 2 is as follows:
| component (A) | Special fertilizer for No. 1 | Special fertilizer for No. 2 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 90 | 30 |
| Monopotassium phosphate | / | 36 |
| Urea | 90 | 168 |
| Potassium nitrate | 30 | 54 |
| Potassium sulfate | 60 | 210 |
| Potassium chloride | 15 | 60 |
| Organic matter | 5.1 | 15 |
| Magnesium fertilizer | 3 | 9 |
| Zinc fertilizer | 3 | 9 |
| Boron fertilizer | 3 | 7.5 |
The 1 part of special microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: bacillus subtilis (2-3) ×10 13 cfu, bacillus licheniformis (2-3) x 10 13 cfu, bacillus megatherium (2-3). Times.10 13 cfu and the corresponding substrate.
In the following examples, the mass composition of the No. 1 special fertilizer and the No. 2 special fertilizer used were as follows, unless otherwise specified:
| component (A) | Special fertilizer for No. 1 | Special fertilizer for No. 2 |
| Monoammonium phosphate | 90 | 30 |
| Monopotassium phosphate | / | 36 |
| Urea | 90 | 168 |
| Potassium nitrate | 30 | 54 |
| Potassium sulfate | 60 | 210 |
| Potassium chloride | 15 | 60 |
| Organic matter (humic acid) | 5.1 | 15 |
| Magnesium fertilizer | 3 | 9 |
| Zinc fertilizer | 3 | 9 |
| Boron fertilizer | 3 | 7.5 |
The magnesium content of the magnesium fertilizer is about 20wt%, the zinc content of the zinc fertilizer is about 15wt%, and the boron content of the boron fertilizer is about 21wt%.
The 1 part of special microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: bacillus subtilis (2-3) ×10 13 cfu, bacillus licheniformis (2-3) x 10 13 cfu, bacillus megatherium (2-3). Times.10 13 cfu and the corresponding organic matrix add up to about 1kg.
Example 1: fixed planting balanced quantitative fertilization method for sunlight rose grape
The fertilizer is accurately and quantitatively applied, a small amount of the fertilizer is applied for a plurality of meals, and the interval between the fertilizer application and the fertilizer application is 10 to 11 days; fertilizing the roots of the sun roses, controlling the fertilizer water supply amount per mu, feeding the fertilizer to the roots, and ensuring that the roots are full and not wasted.
After the sunshine rose plantlet grows to 5 leaves (3 late days), the seedling checking and the deficiency supplementing are started, and the fertilization is started, wherein the specific fertilization mode comprises the following steps:
applying for 3 months and 30 days per mu: 3 jin of calcium ammonium nitrate, 2 parts of special microbial fertilizer and 3 parts of water;
applying for 4 months and 10 days per mu: 3 jin of special fertilizer 1, 2 parts of special microbial fertilizer, 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer and 3 parts of water;
applying for 4 months and 20 days per mu: 3 jin of special fertilizer 1 + 1 part of special microbial fertilizer + 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer + 3 parts of water;
applying for 4 months and 30 days per mu: 4 jin of special fertilizer 1 + 1 part of special microbial fertilizer + 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer + 3 parts of water;
applying for 5 months and 10 days per mu: 4 jin of special fertilizer 1 + 1 part of special microbial fertilizer + 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer + 4 parts of water;
applying for 5 months and 20 days per mu: special fertilizer No. 15 jin, special microbial fertilizer 1 part, magnesium fertilizer 1 jin and water 4;
applying for 5 months and 30 days per mu: special fertilizer No. 15 jin, special microbial fertilizer 1 part, magnesium fertilizer 1 jin and water 4;
applying for 6 months and 10 days per mu: 1 weight of special fertilizer 6 weight percent, 1 weight percent of special microbial fertilizer, 2 weight percent of monopotassium phosphate, 1 weight percent of magnesium fertilizer and 5 weight percent of water;
applying for 6 months and 20 days per mu: 1 weight of special fertilizer 6 weight percent, 1 weight percent of special microbial fertilizer, 2 weight percent of monopotassium phosphate, 1 weight percent of magnesium fertilizer and 5 weight percent of water;
applying for 6 months and 30 days per mu: 1 weight of special fertilizer 6 weight percent, 1 weight percent of special microbial fertilizer, 2 weight percent of monopotassium phosphate, 1 weight percent of magnesium fertilizer and 5 weight percent of water;
applying for 7 months and 10 days per mu: 1 weight of special fertilizer 6 weight percent, 1 weight percent of special microbial fertilizer, 2 weight percent of monopotassium phosphate, 1 weight percent of magnesium fertilizer and 5 weight percent of water;
applying for 7 months and 20 days per mu: 6 jin of special fertilizer No. 2, 1 part of special microbial fertilizer, 4 jin of monopotassium phosphate, 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer and 5 parts of water;
applying for 7 months and 30 days per mu: 6 jin of special fertilizer No. 2, 1 part of special microbial fertilizer, 4 jin of monopotassium phosphate, 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer and 5 parts of water;
applying for 8 months and 10 days per mu: 6 jin of special fertilizer No. 2, 1 part of special microbial fertilizer, 4 jin of monopotassium phosphate, 1 jin of magnesium fertilizer and 5 parts of water.
Qiu Fei is applied in the beginning of the last 9 th to the last 10 th of the month.
The traditional sunlight rose definite value comparison fertilization method comprises the following steps:
the traditional planting method comprises the following steps: when the garden is built, 5-6 cubes/mu of animal manure (manure of cattle and sheep pigeons) are applied, 200-400 jin of calcium superphosphate and 60-150 jin of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced compound fertilizer are applied. After the sunshine rose seedlings grow to 5-7 leaves, urea 2-5 jin and balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer 5-10 jin are applied to each mu, the period of the fertilization interval is 15-20 days, the application is finished in 10 months, and autumn fertilizer is applied after the next ten days of 10 months.
The sun rose grape heart-picking, shaping and trimming operation steps comprise:
the sun rose has the effects of picking the heart: promoting root growth; promoting the thickening of seedlings; promoting flower bud differentiation; reducing ineffective growth.
After germination, 1 strong bud is left to grow, and stock buds below grafting ports are erased at any time.
When the seedling is above 20 cm, bamboo poles are erected or three plastic ropes are pulled to guide the seedling, so that lodging is prevented.
The sunshine rose adopts V-shaped flat frame auxiliary tip fruit bearing: when the seedling is 60-80 cm high, the core is plucked for the first time, 1 bud at the top end is left to grow, sub buds below 30 cm are erased, and the rest sub buds are plucked for 1 leaf repeatedly.
When the auxiliary buds at the top end grow to 10 cm below the first steel wire, the core is plucked for the 2 nd time, 2 auxiliary buds are left for growth, when the 2 auxiliary buds at the top end grow to 30 cm, the auxiliary buds are horizontally reversely attached to the bottom steel wire (1 seedling is respectively attached to the 2 steel wires at the bottom), the auxiliary buds are promoted, the horizontal main tips are not plucked, and when the two main tips of the two trees intersect, the core can be plucked.
The internode length of the auxiliary tip is controlled by spraying 600-800 times of butyrylhydrazine after the auxiliary tip is sent out, when the auxiliary tip exceeds 4 leaves, 3 leaves are left for picking the core, the auxiliary tip at the top is picked repeatedly every 3 leaves, and the rest auxiliary tip is picked repeatedly at 1 leaf.
In winter, 1-2 buds are cut and reserved for fruit branches in the secondary year.
The strong pinching or the spraying of butyrylhydrazine or the strengthening aid is carried out in 8 months to control the growth of the young shoots so as to promote the differentiation of flower buds. (generally, strong seedlings can be managed by irradiation, and weak seedlings can be singly led to promote auxiliary shoots).
In the first winter of 1 month of the next year, pruning is carried out according to the 1-2 buds of the auxiliary tip branch, the auxiliary tip is smaller than 0.4 cm and pruned, 3-5 buds can be reserved on the auxiliary tip exceeding 0.8 cm under the condition that the bud quantity is insufficient, the auxiliary tip is attached to the bottom layer steel wire in a forward direction, and the bud quantity can be increased; when the thickness of the branches exceeds 1.2cm, the branches are easy to wilt after sprouting in the next year, and the branches with the thickness exceeding 1.2cm do not leave buds.
And (5) managing diseases, insects and grass according to a conventional method.
Summarizing growth conditions of sunlight rose grapes by different field planting methods
And respectively counting the survival rate, growth vigor and flower bud differentiation conditions in the current year of the sunlight rose grape seedlings and the next year under different field planting and fertilizing modes, wherein the results are shown in the following table:
| fertilizing method | The invention relates to a field planting fertilization method | Traditional field planting and fertilizing method |
| Number of grafted seedlings | 1200 strain | 1200 strain |
| Death number of grafted seedlings | 0 strain | 35 strains |
| Number of stiff seedlings | 0 strain | 101 strain |
| Growth vigor of | Strong growth and strong green leaves | The plants are weaker and the leaves are yellow-green |
| Flower bud differentiation | The flower buds are neat, full and strong | Uneven and thin flower buds |
The growth situation pair of the solar rose grape field planting fertilization method and the traditional field planting fertilization method after about 40-55 days is shown in figure 1.
As can be seen from the figure 1, the sunlight rose grape of the field planting and fertilizing method has large and hypertrophic leaves, emerald green color and good growth vigor; the sunlight rose grape leaves of the traditional field planting fertilization method have the condition of magnesium deficiency, and the leaves are yellow green and weak in growth vigor.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the growth situation of the sunlight rose grape at the end of 7 months by the field planting and fertilizing method of the invention, and the growth situation of the sunlight rose grape is vigorous, strong, green leaves and no stiff seedlings can be seen.
Fig. 3 and 4 are photographs of the growth situation of the muscardine seedling of the sunlight muscardine grape in the early 8 months by the conventional field planting and fertilizing method, and it can be seen that the plant of the muscardine seedling is not long and the leaf is contracted and curled inwards.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of flower buds of a second year of planting the sunlight rose grape by the planting and fertilizing method of the invention, and the healthy and full flower buds can be seen.
Fig. 6 to 9 are photographs showing flower bud differentiation conditions of the sunlight rose grape planted in the second year by the planting and fertilizing method, and the flowers can be seen to have inflorescences, and the flower buds are neat, full and strong.
Fig. 10 to 12 are photographs showing flower bud differentiation conditions of the second year of the solar rose grape field planting by the traditional field planting fertilization method, and the flower buds are uneven and thin and weak can be seen.
As can be seen from the data, compared with the traditional field planting fertilization method, the fertilization method can solve the problems:
1. the fertilizing method can effectively solve the problem that the root is injured by the fertilizer. Animal manure is applied during field planting and garden setting, if insufficient humic acid is fermented before the animal manure is applied, secondary fermentation can be carried out in soil, heat can be generated by fermentation, the heat can hurt a root system of a new sun rose, and if serious, the new root system is directly burned; if the fertilizer is applied to the surface soil layer, when the young shoots grow to about 20 cm (the nutrition needed before 6 leaves of the young shoots is stored by the nursery stock), the new roots start to grow, and when the new roots touch the applied fertilizer, the roots are injured, the serious young shoots wither, and the light young shoots do not grow or grow very slowly, so that the young shoots become stiff seedlings.
2. After 5-6 new leaves are planted on the young shoots, the traditional fertilization method is easy to form waste of fertilized fertilizer, too much urea is applied, the distance of plantlets is long, the fertilization interval period is too long, too much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilized fertilizer can be produced once, the concentration of soil solution can be quickly increased, and when the concentration of the soil solution reaches 0.5%, fertilizer damage to roots can be produced. The traditional fertilization mode can not effectively solve the nutritional requirements of the sun rose at different stages in time by only applying the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and various nutritional elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are needed while the sun rose grows and develops, and the requirements for trace nutrients in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are different at different stages. The sun rose planted in the current year is easy to generate insufficient branch maturity due to improper collocation of various element fertilizers, and flower bud differentiation in the next year is directly affected.
3. The traditional fertilization mode does not pay attention to the use of functional water-soluble fertilizers, and the sunlight roses are cultivated by adopting continuous cropping facilities, so that the growth of beneficial microorganisms is inhibited due to the physical and chemical properties of soil, illumination, temperature and humidity and gas changes, and the harmful microorganisms are rapidly propagated, so that the microbial system of the soil is unbalanced, the beneficial microorganism structure tends to be single, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in a greenhouse is aggravated. The special microbial formula can improve the micro-ecological environment of the root zone of the rose young seedling so as to promote the growth of the young seedling root system and improve the root system activity.
The above description of the present invention is further illustrated in detail and should not be taken as limiting the practice of the present invention. It is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to make simple deductions or substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A sunlight rose grape field planting cultivation method comprises the following steps:
applying a base fertilizer after ploughing, and arranging a rain-sheltering cultivation base;
finishing the field planting of the sunlight rose grape before the end of 2 months;
after the sunshine rose grape seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, supplementing the deficiency and starting fertilization, wherein the fertilization amount is as follows: 1400-1600 g per mu of nitrogen fertilizer and 2 parts per mu of special microbial fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1400-1600 g/mu of special fertilizer 1, 2 parts/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1400-1600 g/mu of special fertilizer, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1800-2200 g/mu of special fertilizer, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 1800-2200 g/mu of special fertilizer, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer; after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2400-2700 g/mu of special fertilizer No. 1, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer and 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer; after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2800-3200 g g/mu of special fertilizer 1, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer, 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer and 900-1100 g/mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; after 9-11 days each interval, the fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount for 3 times in total;
after 9-11 days, fertilizer is supplemented, and the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 2800-3200 g g/mu of special fertilizer No. 2, 1 part/mu of special microbial fertilizer, 450-550 g/mu of magnesium fertilizer and 1800-2200 g/mu of monopotassium phosphate; after 9-11 days each interval, the fertilizer is supplemented once with the same fertilizing amount for 2 times in total;
shi Qiufei in the last 9 to 10 months;
wherein, the mass composition ratio of the special fertilizer No. 1 is as follows: 80-115 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 75-110 parts of urea, 25-33 parts of potassium nitrate, 50-75 parts of potassium sulfate, 13-17 parts of potassium chloride, 4.7-5.5 parts of organic matters, 2.5-3.3 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 2.5-3.3 parts of zinc fertilizer and 2.5-3.3 parts of boron fertilizer;
the mass composition ratio of the No. 2 special fertilizer is as follows: 28 to 33 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 32 to 40 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 160 to 180 parts of urea, 48 to 59 parts of potassium nitrate, 195 to 225 parts of potassium sulfate, 54 to 74 parts of potassium chloride, 12 to 17 parts of organic matters, 8 to 10.5 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 8 to 10.5 parts of zinc fertilizer and 6 to 8 parts of boron fertilizer;
the 1 part of special microbial fertilizer comprises the following components: bacillus subtilis (2-3) ×10 13 cfu, bacillus licheniformis (2-3) x 10 13 cfu, bacillus megatherium (2-3). Times.10 13 cfu and corresponding substrate;
the base fertilizer consists of 4.5-5.3 tons/mu of organic fertilizer meeting the NY525-2002 quality standard, 90-115 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 45-56 kg/mu of oil cake.
2. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the organic matter is at least one selected from humic acid, amino acid, molasses fermentation liquid, seaweed extract, sugar alcohol, chitin and chitosan oligosaccharide; and/or
The magnesium fertilizer is at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride and ETDA-magnesium; and/or
The zinc fertilizer is at least one selected from zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and ETDA-zinc; and/or
The boric fertilizer is at least one selected from boric acid, sodium tetraborate and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
3. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied by dispersing the fertilizer in water during fertilization or fertilizer replenishment.
4. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during field planting, the row spacing is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 2 meters.
5. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 5-6 buds are reserved for root seedlings used for field planting, 12-18 cm are reserved for root system shearing, and field planting is performed after water is fully absorbed; or (b)
3-4 buds are cut and reserved on a grafting port of grafted seedlings used for field planting, 12-18 cm roots are cut and reserved, and field planting is performed after water is fully absorbed.
6. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in winter, 1 to 2 buds are cut and reserved for fruit branches in the secondary year.
7. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: it is suitable for subtropical monsoon climate areas.
8. The method for planting and cultivating the sunlight rose grape according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnesium content of the magnesium fertilizer is 18-23 wt%; and/or
The zinc content of the zinc fertilizer is 13-28 wt%; and/or
The boron content of the boron fertilizer is 19-25 wt%.
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