CN105248242B - A kind of breeding method of early-ripening grape - Google Patents

Abstract

A cultivation method of early-maturing grapes according to the present invention, the cultivation method is selected and arranged for planting, greenhouse construction, planting, temperature control, pruning and water and fertilizer management, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20-30°C, preferably 23-26°C. ℃, can promote the growth of grapes, and at the same time not reduce the yield, the ripening time of grapes is advanced, and the grapes matured about 2 months earlier than the grapes cultivated by the general method. In water and fertilizer management, farm organic fertilizers are mainly used, which effectively utilizes waste resources, improves soil compaction, reduces the incidence of grape rust, improves grape quality, and protects the environment.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of early ripening grape

technical field

The invention relates to viticulture, in particular to a method for cultivating early-maturing grapes.

Background technique

With the development of agricultural cultivation technology and the rapid advancement of science and technology, the level of viticulture technology is also getting higher and higher. Winter buds of grapes are precocious, stimulating them can promote early germination of winter buds, flowering and fruiting. Due to different varieties of grapes, the flower bud differentiation time, quantity, flower bud quality and germination rate are different. The traditional open-air viticulture production in my country mostly adopts trellis structure and trellis structure mode. With the development of production, small trellis and trellis structure cultivation models gradually appear. In open-air cultivation, the plastic cultivation mode of grapes is constructed according to the growth potential index of grapes; with the rise of greenhouse vegetable production, people gradually apply greenhouses to viticulture, and single-arm hedges in greenhouses appear. Frame cultivation or T-shaped fence single-stem and few main vine plastic cultivation mode, the row spacing of the cultivated grapes in this mode is 1 × 1 or 1 × 0.6, 666 or 1111 plants are planted per mu, and the height of the rack is 1.8 to 2 meters. In the cultivation implementation of this model, the "single branch" fruiting habit of grapes and the shallow root characteristics of grapes are also ignored. People still regard the vigorous growth of grapes and the large growth of branches as the main factors that cannot be adjusted according to traditional habits. Passive adaptation measures are adopted, and the annual renewal of the fruiting vines cannot be achieved, resulting in a large amount of pruning and excessive nutrient consumption, resulting in a waste of nutrients.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes a cultivation method for early-maturing grapes. According to the growth characteristics of grapes, the cultivation method controls the growth time of grapes, can reduce the utilization of fertilizers, promote flower and fruit setting of grapes, improve the quality of grapes, and make it more effective than ordinary grapes. Precocious about two months.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for cultivating early-maturing grapes, the method is to select early-maturing grape varieties with strong adaptability, and cultivate them in a greenhouse, and the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20-30°C; and combined with the comprehensive management technology of pruning, irrigation and fertilization, Its concrete cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) Selection and arrangement of planting sites: Select a place with open terrain, sufficient sunlight, good water source, and thick soil as the planting area. The ridges are 0.5-0.8 meters wide and 1.8-2.4 meters apart. 10-15 cm deep;

(2) Greenhouse construction: the greenhouse is a circular arched greenhouse with a width of 5-8 meters. The length of the greenhouse is adjusted according to the actual situation. The periphery of the greenhouse is covered with plastic film. Two layers of light transmittance are laid around the greenhouse and on the roof 30% shade net;

(3), planting: the first-generation seedlings of the selected grape varieties are selected to be transplanted into the greenhouse in January and planted in the ridge, and each ridge is planted in a row, and the set spacing is 0.7-0.9 meters;

(4) Temperature control: the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-30°C during the day and not lower than 15°C at night;

(5), pruning: start pruning in November of that year. When the seedlings are 1 meter high, start the head for the first time, carry out the topping of the main shoot and the pruning of the auxiliary shoot to make the nutrition return, and make a main branch become 4-6 by pruning. Root auxiliary branches, the auxiliary branches spread out evenly around, forming a uniform arc; at the same time, carry out bud picking treatment, control each auxiliary branch to open fork and produce 7-8 buds, and then carry out flower picking treatment to ensure that the grapes are at the 3rd and 4th buds Fruit-hanging; and flower and fruit thinning;

(6) Water and fertilizer management: 20-30 days before planting or after harvesting in autumn, use decomposed farm organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and apply it to the soil, and topdressing with irrigation water more than ten days before flowering, mainly quick-acting fertilizer; Fertilize once during the expansion period, mainly organic potassium fertilizer; farmyard manure is applied at a rate of 800-1000kg/mu during the full fruit period; at the same time, drip irrigation is used to water the grapes in time during the entire growth cycle.

Further, the grape variety is black grape.

Further, the plastic film covered outside the greenhouse in step (2) is a double layer,

Further, in step (4), the greenhouse temperature is controlled at 23-26° C. during the day, and at 16-18° C. at night.

Further, the farm organic fertilizer described in step (6) is one or more mixtures of the following substances: chicken manure, sheep manure and grass coal, chicken manure and sheep manure are rich in nutrients and contain higher organic matter, It can activate the soil and promote the absorption of nutrients by grape roots. It has both effective nutrients that are easy to decompose and can be absorbed and utilized by crops, and slow-acting nutrients that are not easy to decompose. It is a fertilizer that combines fast and slow fertilizer effects.

Further, the quick-acting fertilizer described in step (6) is mainly decomposed human excrement and decomposed poultry manure; the organic potassium fertilizer is plant ash or decomposed tobacco leaves.

A kind of cultivation method of early ripening grape of the present invention, its beneficial effect is:

1. Cultivate in a greenhouse. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20-30°C, preferably 23-26°C. This temperature is suitable for grapes, which can promote the growth of grapes and accelerate the ripening time of grapes without reducing production. The grapes ripen about 2 months earlier than those cultivated by the general method.

2. Farm organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer, which reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and avoids soil compaction caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers. At the same time, it can increase the organic matter and microorganisms in the soil, improve the permeability of the soil, and improve the quality of the grapes. The ability of roots to absorb nutrients improves the quality of grapes, effectively utilizes waste resources, and protects the environment.

3. When pruning, by developing a single branch of grapes into multiple auxiliary branches, and pruning it into an arc shape scattered around, the rain can fall quickly during the rainy season, preventing grape rust caused by excessive rain, and reducing grape rust. Morbidity improves the quality of the grapes, improves the yield and quality of the grapes; the arc-shaped and scattered tree shape can facilitate the pruning of branches and buds, and improve work efficiency.

4. Through pruning, control the opening of each auxiliary branch to produce 7-8 buds, and then perform deflowering treatment to ensure that the grapes bear fruit at the 3rd and 4th buds, which is beneficial for the grapes to receive uniform light and promote the absorption of nutrients in the grapes. Synthesis, increase the sugar content; at the same time, due to the uniform and sufficient light, it is beneficial to the uniform coloring of the grapes, the color is bright, and the yield is increased.

Detailed ways

Example 1

A method for cultivating early-maturing grapes, selecting early-maturing grape varieties with strong adaptability. In this embodiment, seedless black grapes are selected as cultivars, and they are cultivated in a greenhouse. The temperature of the greenhouse is controlled between 20-30°C; and with pruning, Irrigation, the comprehensive management technology of fertilization process, its concrete cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) Selection and arrangement of planting sites: select a place with open terrain, sufficient sunlight, good water source, and thick soil as the planting area, with ridges of 0.8 meters wide, 1.8 meters apart, and 10 centimeters deep;

(2) Construction of the greenhouse: The greenhouse is a circular arched greenhouse with a width of 5 meters. The length of the greenhouse is adjusted according to the actual situation. The periphery of the greenhouse is covered with double-layer plastic film. 30% shade net;

(3), planting: the first-generation seedling of the selected grape variety is selected to be transplanted into the greenhouse in January and planted in the ridge, and every ridge is planted in a row, and the set spacing is 0.8 meters;

(4) Temperature control: the daytime temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 23-26°C, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 18°C;

(5), pruning: start pruning in November of that year. When the seedlings are 1 meter high, start the head for the first time, carry out the topping of the main shoot and the pruning of the auxiliary shoot to make the nutrition return, and make a main branch become 4-6 by pruning. Root auxiliary branches, the auxiliary branches spread out evenly around to form a uniform arc; at the same time, the bud picking treatment is carried out to control the opening of each auxiliary branch to produce 7-8 buds, and then the flower removal treatment is carried out to ensure that the grapes are in the third, fourth and third. 5 buds bear fruit; and carry out flower thinning and fruit thinning;

(6) Water and fertilizer management: 20-30 days before planting or after harvesting in autumn, use decomposed farm organic fertilizers such as chicken manure, sheep manure or grass coal as base fertilizers and apply them to the soil at a rate of 100kg-150kg/mu. Do topdressing in conjunction with irrigation more than ten days before flowering, mainly quick-acting fertilizers, and the application rate is 150kg-200kg/mu; topdressing fertilizer once during the fruit expansion period, mainly organic potassium fertilizers such as plant ash or decomposed tobacco leaves; application in full fruit period The amount of farmyard manure applied is 800-1000kg/mu; at the same time, the grapes are watered in time by drip irrigation and water spraying throughout the growth cycle.

Table 1 Comparison of various indicators for the cultivation of seedless black grapes using the general method and the present invention

Numbering project general method The method of the invention 1 maturity Around June 15 Around April 20 2 Yield 1.5-2.0kg/mu 2.3-2.5kg/mu 3 Fertilizer dosage 100-120kg/mu 30-50 kg/mu 4 difference in fruit size 8%-12% 2%-4%

Table 1

Claims (2)

1. a kind of breeding method of early-ripening grape, it is characterised in that：The method is the strong early-ripening grape kind of selection adaptation, It cultivates in the greenhouse, temperature control in greenhouse is between 20-30 DEG C；And cooperation trimming, it irrigates, the integrated management skill for process of applying fertilizer Art, specific breeding method comprise the following steps：

(1), planting site is chosen and is arranged：Choose that physical features is open, sunny, the local conduct that has good water source, soil property thicker Growing area, making ridge, ridge width are 0.5-0.8 meters, and ridge spacing is 1.8-2.4 meters, 10-15 centimetres of ridge depth；

(2), greenhouse is built：Greenhouse is dome-shaped greenhouse, and width is 5-8 meters, and the length of greenhouse is adjusted according to actual conditions Whole, greenhouse periphery plastic covering film, greenhouse surrounding and ceiling are laid with the sunshade net that two layers of light transmittance is 30%；

(3), plant：By the generation seedling of selected grape variety, select to be transplanted in the January to plantation in greenhouse into ridge, per ridge A line is planted, sets spacing in the rows as 0.7-0.9 meters；

(4), temperature controls：At 23-26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled at 16-18 DEG C for canopy temperature control on daytime；

(5), trim：Start to trim in November then, when nursery stock is 1 meter high, carry out for the first time take the lead, carry out leading shoot pinching and Sublateral shoot trimming makes nutrition flow back, and by trimming a major branch is made to become 4-6 root accessory branches, and accessory branch uniformly disperses around, and is formed equal Even radian；Bud picking processing is carried out at the same time, each accessory branch jag hair 7-8 buds is controlled, then carries out defloration processing, it is ensured that grape is the Fruiting at 3 and the 4th bud；And carry out flower and fruit thinning；

(6), water and fertilizer management：Before plantation 20-30 days or autumn adopt after be manured into soil with decomposed farm organic fertilizer as base manure In, progress top dressing of pouring water is combined within more than ten days before spending, based on quick action fertilizer；Fruit expanding period top dressing 1 time, with organic potassic fertilizer Based on；Best fruiting period applications of farmyard manure, sowing amount are 800kg-1000kg/ mus；It is sprayed simultaneously in entire growth cycle using trickle irrigation The mode of water waters in time to grape.

2. the breeding method of early-ripening grape according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The grape variety is black for no seed It carries.