CN104160915A - High-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for grape vine - Google Patents

High-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for grape vine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104160915A
CN104160915A CN201410447564.XA CN201410447564A CN104160915A CN 104160915 A CN104160915 A CN 104160915A CN 201410447564 A CN201410447564 A CN 201410447564A CN 104160915 A CN104160915 A CN 104160915A
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shoot
major branch
pinching
branch
sublateral
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CN104160915B (en
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刘照亭
郭建
毛妮妮
任俊鹏
鲁群
王志娟
王志建
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Hengyang Huadi Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Zhenjiang Wanshan Hongbian Agriculture Garden
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for a grape vine. The method includes the steps that land formation is performed, and ridge making is performed; reasonable field planting is determined and is appropriate in line spacing of 2.8 m and row spacing of 1 m; a shed frame is set up and is adaptive to high-density labor-saving cultivation of the grape vine; shaping, pruning and managing are performed per year. The characteristics of the human mechanics can be sufficiently utilized, in this way, it is avoided that because people need to raise the head for operation in a flat shed frame and need to lower the head and stoop for operation in a fence frame, fatigue is generated, labor intensity is relieved, working efficiency is improved, and good ventilation and illumination are guaranteed; the shape of the grape vine is concise, and the grape vine is pruned easily in winter.

Description

A kind of tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving.
Background technology
Grape belongs to Vitis (Vitis) defoliation liana, slaps lobately, and 3~5 lack and to split, and compound raceme, is conical conventionally, and it is circular or oval that berry mostly is, and color and luster is different with kind.Along with the popularization of viticulture technology, people keep on improving more to wine-growing, by accurate field planting, management accurately and efficient liquid manure, utilize, and obtain the very high grape of quality.Existing grape hedge frame is taken vertical mode to be had a lot, traditional T-shaped hedge frame is only pulled out two lines in left and right, can not meet wine-growing far away, and existing a lot of pergola grape excessive height of bearing fruit, at ordinary times fruit thinning, to soak the management such as fringe very difficult, existing frame does not have a kind of standard in addition, be unfavorable for promoting, if building with wine-growing of frame combined, easily easily instruct peasant household's operation, improve income.
At south China summer high temperature high humidity, with heavy rainfall, common flat canopy or hedge frame (V-arrangement and the T shape) cultivation mode of many employings in production, common flat canopy cultivation mode tree type arranges comparatively complicated, easily cause branch mixed and disorderly, the closing of canopy face, affect photosynthetic carrying out, easily there is damage by disease and insect, and then affect fruit quality; And complex management, needs new line operation, time-consuming taking a lot of work, in addition, common flat canopy cultivation mode is many to the demand of iron wire, and cost is high.Hedge frame is due to highly low, the stoop labor of need bowing, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and damage by disease and insect is heavier.
Summary of the invention
Problem for current existence, the invention provides a kind of tree-like form culture method of high density Labor-saving grape, can make full use of body mechanics's feature, avoid flat frame operation and the hedge frame fatigue that stoop labor brings of need bowing that need come back, reduce labor intensity, increase work efficiency, guarantee good ventilation and illumination; Grape is tree-like succinct, and winter pruning is simple.
To achieve these goals, provide following technical scheme:
The tree-like form culture method of high density Labor-saving grape, comprises the following steps:
1, level land, making ridge;
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m, be advisable;
3, kind is selected: the present invention can select the grape variety of the suitable heavy cutting backs such as golden finger, sunlight rose, summer be black.
4, build the posture that adapts to the cultivation of grape high density Labor-saving, frame height 1.8-1.9m, with concrete column, build, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, the outer squint of side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end is fixed with iron wire, No. 8 galvanized wires for surrounding and side column bracing wire, side column is to No. 10 galvanized wires for bracing wire, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in (follow to) every fore-set band both sides, spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in column, push up downward 30cm place and follow to respectively drawing in column both sides and establish together No. 12 galvanized wires.
5, when growing into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, grape seedlings carries out pinching, 4 sublateral shoots that after pinching, first end sent follow and to colligation respectively, are fixed on column and push up on downward 30cm place two layback She bis-road iron wires, Yan Er road iron wire is to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit is fixed, and these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree.When major branch grows to 50cm left and right, by the pinching of major branch tip, limit its growth, on every major branch, be equipped with two side shoots, side shoot stays two relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruit bearing shoot of base portion in major branch, side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle, to first iron wire on frame face, lure derivation long, and flatten on second, third road iron wire.When the winter cuts, four major branches retain respectively 45cm and cut and cut, and what on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity was greater than 0.8cm stays 2 full bud cutting backs of base portion, and base portion rugosity is less than the whole of 0.8cm and removes.
6, Second Year, the inflorescence of side shoot on major branch (fruit bearing shoot) reaches 5~6 with blade and carries out pinching for the first time, the sublateral shoot newly growing after pinching, retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, carry out pinching for the second time when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4~5 leaves, still retain sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward after pinching, all the other sublateral shoots are removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly.Winter, while cutting, stays golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion partially strong fruit bearing shoot or nutrition secateurs to cut on each major branch, cutting and staying length is this front end major branch length, remove other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipe out this front end major branch part, flatten this branch of colligation on first iron wire, to upgrade this major branch.
7, this tree-like Second Year of having managed just can be shaped, and the later annual summer cuts with the winter and cuts by Second Year method and undertaken.If bearing basal shoot moves outward on major branch, it is the innovation shoot of major branch that the major branch base portion kryptoblast of noting selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout cultivation.The method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is stronger, pressing the cultivation of vegetative shoot cultural method is the innovation shoot of major branch, if a little less than young sprout growth potential, when young sprout grows to 3~4 leaves, carries out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows, retain 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote that branch increases thick ripe, base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot cultivate, when the winter repaiies as the innovation shoot of major branch.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the feature that can make full use of body mechanics, avoid flat frame operation and the hedge frame fatigue that stoop labor brings of need bowing that need come back, reduce labor intensity, with conventional horizontal rack cultivation mode comparison, 2 labours of every mu of saving of bud picking, prune every mu and save 1 labour, 1 labour of every mu of saving of branch colligation in winter, adds up to every mu to save 4 labours.Reached the object of saving labor, increased work efficiency, convenient to operation; Frame space of planes is large, promotes grape branches and tendrils reasonable layout, guarantees good ventilation and illumination, and light efficiency utilizes high; Grape is tree-like succinct, and winter pruning is simple.The grape maturity phase of the present invention in advance, can go on the market ahead of time, improves income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of grape trellis of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is No. 8 galvanized steel iron wires; 2 is No. 10 galvanized wires; 3 is No. 12 galvanized wires; 4 is No. 14 galvanized wires; 5 is corner post; 6 is side column; 7 is fore-set.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
The enforcement time: 2011~2013
Implement place: Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute
(1), implement instantiation:
Select kind: sunlight rose;
(2) implementation method:
Comprise:
1, level land, making ridge;
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m, be advisable;
3, kind is selected: the present invention can select the grape variety of the suitable heavy cutting backs such as golden finger, sunlight rose, summer be black.
4, build the posture that adapts to the cultivation of grape high density Labor-saving, frame height 1.8-1.9m, with concrete column, build, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, the outer squint of side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end is fixed with iron wire, No. 8 galvanized wires for surrounding and side column bracing wire, side column is to No. 10 galvanized wires for bracing wire, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in (follow to) every fore-set band both sides, spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in column, push up downward 30cm place and follow to respectively drawing in column both sides and establish together No. 12 galvanized wires.
5, when growing into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, grape seedlings carries out pinching, 4 sublateral shoots that after pinching, first end sent follow and to colligation respectively, are fixed on column and push up on downward 30cm place two layback She bis-road iron wires, Yan Er road iron wire is to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit is fixed, and these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree.When major branch grows to 50cm left and right, by the pinching of major branch tip, limit its growth, on every major branch, be equipped with two side shoots, side shoot stays two relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruit bearing shoot of base portion in major branch, side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle, to first iron wire on frame face, lure derivation long, and flatten on second, third road iron wire.When the winter cuts, four major branches retain respectively 45cm and cut and cut, and what on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity was greater than 0.8cm stays 2 full bud cutting backs of base portion, and base portion rugosity is less than the whole of 0.8cm and removes.
6, Second Year, the inflorescence of side shoot on major branch (fruit bearing shoot) reaches 5~6 with blade and carries out pinching for the first time, the sublateral shoot newly growing after pinching, retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, carry out pinching for the second time when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4~5 leaves, still retain sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward after pinching, all the other sublateral shoots are removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly.Winter, while cutting, stays golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion partially strong fruit bearing shoot or nutrition secateurs to cut on each major branch, cutting and staying length is this front end major branch length, remove other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipe out this front end major branch part, flatten this branch of colligation on first iron wire, to upgrade this major branch.
7, this tree-like Second Year of having managed just can be shaped, and the later annual summer cuts with the winter and cuts by Second Year method and undertaken.If bearing basal shoot moves outward on major branch, it is the innovation shoot of major branch that the major branch base portion kryptoblast of noting selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout cultivation.The method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is stronger, pressing the cultivation of vegetative shoot cultural method is the innovation shoot of major branch, if a little less than young sprout growth potential, when young sprout grows to 3~4 leaves, carries out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows, retain 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote that branch increases thick ripe, base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot cultivate, when the winter repaiies as the innovation shoot of major branch.
(3) implementation result
To utilize the sunlight rose grape of conventional levels pergola system to compare.
Table 1 finds out, this planting type is to dry matter content, dry thick and flower bud differentiation effect is obvious.
Table 12013 (life in 3 years) year Grape Dormancy phase amount of growth comparison
As shown in Table 2, the maturing stage shifts to an earlier date to some extent compared with conventional cultivation mode, and per mu yield, single fruit weight also obviously increase, and soluble solid content is more conventional increasing also, and titratable acid content declines to some extent.Illustrating generally that the upper the present invention of grape fruit quality performance is more conventional has an obvious advantage.
Table 2:2013 grape maturity phase and output situation
As shown in Table 3, the present invention is significantly better than contrast aspect utilizing at light efficiency.
Photosynthetic effect and the intensity of illumination of table 3 different tree form
The present invention reduces labor intensity, and increases work efficiency, convenient to operation, with conventional horizontal rack cultivation mode comparison, 2 labours of every mu of saving of bud picking, prune every mu and save 1 labour, 1 labour of every mu of saving of branch colligation in winter, adds up to every mu to save 4 labours.Reached the object of saving labor.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) level land, making ridge;
(2) determine Rational Determination density in planting, with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m, be advisable;
(3) kind is selected: the grape variety of selecting golden finger, sunlight rose, black suitable heavy cutting back of summer.
(4) build the frame that adapts to the cultivation of grape high density Labor-saving;
(5) First Year pruning: carry out pinching when grape seedlings grows into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, 4 sublateral shoots that after pinching, first end sent follow and to colligation respectively, are fixed on column and push up on downward 30cm place two layback She bis-road iron wires, Yan Er road iron wire is to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit is fixed, these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree, when major branch grows to 50cm left and right, by the pinching of major branch tip, limit its growth, on every major branch, be equipped with two side shoots, side shoot stays two relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruit bearing shoot of base portion in major branch, side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle, to first iron wire on frame face, lure derivation long, and flatten second, on San road iron wire, when the winter cuts, four major branches retain respectively 45cm and cut and cut, what on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity was greater than 0.8cm stays 2 full bud cutting backs of base portion, base portion rugosity is less than the whole of 0.8cm and removes,
(6) Second Year pruning: the inflorescence of fruit bearing shoot reaches 5~6 with blade and carries out pinching for the first time on major branch, the sublateral shoot newly growing after pinching, retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, when growing to 4~5 leaves, tip sublateral shoot carries out pinching for the second time, after pinching, still retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed, tip sublateral shoot retains 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly later, winter is when cut, on each major branch, stay golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion partially strong fruit bearing shoot or nutrition secateurs to cut, cutting and staying length is this front end major branch length, remove other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipe out this front end major branch part, flatten this branch of colligation on first iron wire, to upgrade this major branch,
(7) this tree-like Second Year of having managed just can be shaped, and the later annual summer cuts with the winter and cuts by Second Year method and undertaken; If bearing basal shoot moves outward on major branch, it is the innovation shoot of major branch that the major branch base portion kryptoblast of noting selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout cultivation.
2. the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frame height 1.8-1.9m, with concrete column, build, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, the outer squint of side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end is fixed with iron wire, No. 8 galvanized wires for surrounding and side column bracing wire, side column is to No. 10 galvanized wires for bracing wire, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in every fore-set band both sides, spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in column, push up downward 30cm place and follow to respectively drawing in column both sides and establish together No. 12 galvanized wires.
3. the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in step (6), innovation shoot is selected and remain method for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is stronger, pressing the cultivation of vegetative shoot cultural method is the innovation shoot of major branch, if a little less than young sprout growth potential, when growing to 3~4 leaves, young sprout carries out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows, retain 1~2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote branch to increase thick ripe, base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot cultivation, when the winter repaiies as the innovation shoot of major branch.
CN201410447564.XA 2014-09-03 2014-09-03 A kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method Expired - Fee Related CN104160915B (en)

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Cited By (13)

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CN104904558A (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 中国农业科学院果树研究所 Method for planting oblique horizontal long-stem pruning grape with double-layer flat canopy frame
CN105123423A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-12-09 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 Plantation method for improving sugar content of shine-muscat
CN105145232A (en) * 2015-07-29 2015-12-16 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs
CN106069564A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-11-09 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the kyoto grape Labor-saving cultural method taken into account
CN106258786A (en) * 2016-08-09 2017-01-04 镇江万山红遍农业园 Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae Labor-saving grape cultural method taken into account
CN106258530A (en) * 2015-05-18 2017-01-04 唐冠 A kind of viticultural pruning technique
CN106613712A (en) * 2016-10-08 2017-05-10 潍坊职业学院 High suspension horizontal training method of grapes
CN107371822A (en) * 2017-08-17 2017-11-24 山东志昌农业科技发展股份有限公司 The big tree cultural method of landscape grape
CN108055969A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-05-22 宿州忆十七农业发展有限公司 A kind of Labor-saving pruning implantation methods of grape
CN108464138A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-08-31 南京林业大学 A kind of gold leaf ginkgo plants the formative method of hedge screen
CN108575483A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-09-28 南京林业大学 Ginkgo screen-type hedgerow formative method based on grafting with knitting skill
CN108718891A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-11-02 李军 A kind of vinifera fruitful branch control pruning method
CN111109002A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes

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CN103392554A (en) * 2013-08-14 2013-11-20 镇江万山红遍农业园 Balanced shaping and pruning method for grapevine
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106258530A (en) * 2015-05-18 2017-01-04 唐冠 A kind of viticultural pruning technique
CN104904558A (en) * 2015-06-01 2015-09-16 中国农业科学院果树研究所 Method for planting oblique horizontal long-stem pruning grape with double-layer flat canopy frame
CN105123423A (en) * 2015-07-21 2015-12-09 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 Plantation method for improving sugar content of shine-muscat
CN105145232A (en) * 2015-07-29 2015-12-16 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs
CN106069564A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-11-09 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the kyoto grape Labor-saving cultural method taken into account
CN106258786A (en) * 2016-08-09 2017-01-04 镇江万山红遍农业园 Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae Labor-saving grape cultural method taken into account
CN106613712A (en) * 2016-10-08 2017-05-10 潍坊职业学院 High suspension horizontal training method of grapes
CN107371822A (en) * 2017-08-17 2017-11-24 山东志昌农业科技发展股份有限公司 The big tree cultural method of landscape grape
CN107371822B (en) * 2017-08-17 2020-04-14 志昌智慧农业科技股份有限公司 Landscape grape big tree culture method
CN108055969A (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-05-22 宿州忆十七农业发展有限公司 A kind of Labor-saving pruning implantation methods of grape
CN108464138A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-08-31 南京林业大学 A kind of gold leaf ginkgo plants the formative method of hedge screen
CN108575483A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-09-28 南京林业大学 Ginkgo screen-type hedgerow formative method based on grafting with knitting skill
CN108718891A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-11-02 李军 A kind of vinifera fruitful branch control pruning method
CN111109002A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes
CN111109002B (en) * 2019-12-31 2022-01-28 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes

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