CN104160915A - High-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for grape vine - Google Patents
High-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for grape vine Download PDFInfo
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- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title abstract 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000004350 Strabismus Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000037805 labour Diseases 0.000 description 22
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009392 Vitis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001163394 Medinilla magnifica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009369 viticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-density labor-saving shaping cultivation method for a grape vine. The method includes the steps that land formation is performed, and ridge making is performed; reasonable field planting is determined and is appropriate in line spacing of 2.8 m and row spacing of 1 m; a shed frame is set up and is adaptive to high-density labor-saving cultivation of the grape vine; shaping, pruning and managing are performed per year. The characteristics of the human mechanics can be sufficiently utilized, in this way, it is avoided that because people need to raise the head for operation in a flat shed frame and need to lower the head and stoop for operation in a fence frame, fatigue is generated, labor intensity is relieved, working efficiency is improved, and good ventilation and illumination are guaranteed; the shape of the grape vine is concise, and the grape vine is pruned easily in winter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving.
Background technology
Grape belongs to Vitis (Vitis) defoliation liana, slaps lobately, and 3～5 lack and to split, and compound raceme, is conical conventionally, and it is circular or oval that berry mostly is, and color and luster is different with kind.Along with the popularization of viticulture technology, people keep on improving more to wine-growing, by accurate field planting, management accurately and efficient liquid manure, utilize, and obtain the very high grape of quality.Existing grape hedge frame is taken vertical mode to be had a lot, traditional T-shaped hedge frame is only pulled out two lines in left and right, can not meet wine-growing far away, and existing a lot of pergola grape excessive height of bearing fruit, at ordinary times fruit thinning, to soak the management such as fringe very difficult, existing frame does not have a kind of standard in addition, be unfavorable for promoting, if building with wine-growing of frame combined, easily easily instruct peasant household's operation, improve income.
At south China summer high temperature high humidity, with heavy rainfall, common flat canopy or hedge frame (V-arrangement and the T shape) cultivation mode of many employings in production, common flat canopy cultivation mode tree type arranges comparatively complicated, easily cause branch mixed and disorderly, the closing of canopy face, affect photosynthetic carrying out, easily there is damage by disease and insect, and then affect fruit quality; And complex management, needs new line operation, time-consuming taking a lot of work, in addition, common flat canopy cultivation mode is many to the demand of iron wire, and cost is high.Hedge frame is due to highly low, the stoop labor of need bowing, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, and damage by disease and insect is heavier.
Summary of the invention
Problem for current existence, the invention provides a kind of tree-like form culture method of high density Labor-saving grape, can make full use of body mechanics's feature, avoid flat frame operation and the hedge frame fatigue that stoop labor brings of need bowing that need come back, reduce labor intensity, increase work efficiency, guarantee good ventilation and illumination; Grape is tree-like succinct, and winter pruning is simple.
To achieve these goals, provide following technical scheme:
The tree-like form culture method of high density Labor-saving grape, comprises the following steps:
1, level land, making ridge;
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m, be advisable;
3, kind is selected: the present invention can select the grape variety of the suitable heavy cutting backs such as golden finger, sunlight rose, summer be black.
4, build the posture that adapts to the cultivation of grape high density Labor-saving, frame height 1.8-1.9m, with concrete column, build, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, the outer squint of side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end is fixed with iron wire, No. 8 galvanized wires for surrounding and side column bracing wire, side column is to No. 10 galvanized wires for bracing wire, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in (follow to) every fore-set band both sides, spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in column, push up downward 30cm place and follow to respectively drawing in column both sides and establish together No. 12 galvanized wires.
5, when growing into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, grape seedlings carries out pinching, 4 sublateral shoots that after pinching, first end sent follow and to colligation respectively, are fixed on column and push up on downward 30cm place two layback She bis-road iron wires, Yan Er road iron wire is to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit is fixed, and these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree.When major branch grows to 50cm left and right, by the pinching of major branch tip, limit its growth, on every major branch, be equipped with two side shoots, side shoot stays two relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruit bearing shoot of base portion in major branch, side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle, to first iron wire on frame face, lure derivation long, and flatten on second, third road iron wire.When the winter cuts, four major branches retain respectively 45cm and cut and cut, and what on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity was greater than 0.8cm stays 2 full bud cutting backs of base portion, and base portion rugosity is less than the whole of 0.8cm and removes.
6, Second Year, the inflorescence of side shoot on major branch (fruit bearing shoot) reaches 5～6 with blade and carries out pinching for the first time, the sublateral shoot newly growing after pinching, retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, carry out pinching for the second time when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, still retain sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward after pinching, all the other sublateral shoots are removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly.Winter, while cutting, stays golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion partially strong fruit bearing shoot or nutrition secateurs to cut on each major branch, cutting and staying length is this front end major branch length, remove other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipe out this front end major branch part, flatten this branch of colligation on first iron wire, to upgrade this major branch.
7, this tree-like Second Year of having managed just can be shaped, and the later annual summer cuts with the winter and cuts by Second Year method and undertaken.If bearing basal shoot moves outward on major branch, it is the innovation shoot of major branch that the major branch base portion kryptoblast of noting selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout cultivation.The method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is stronger, pressing the cultivation of vegetative shoot cultural method is the innovation shoot of major branch, if a little less than young sprout growth potential, when young sprout grows to 3～4 leaves, carries out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows, retain 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote that branch increases thick ripe, base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot cultivate, when the winter repaiies as the innovation shoot of major branch.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the feature that can make full use of body mechanics, avoid flat frame operation and the hedge frame fatigue that stoop labor brings of need bowing that need come back, reduce labor intensity, with conventional horizontal rack cultivation mode comparison, 2 labours of every mu of saving of bud picking, prune every mu and save 1 labour, 1 labour of every mu of saving of branch colligation in winter, adds up to every mu to save 4 labours.Reached the object of saving labor, increased work efficiency, convenient to operation; Frame space of planes is large, promotes grape branches and tendrils reasonable layout, guarantees good ventilation and illumination, and light efficiency utilizes high; Grape is tree-like succinct, and winter pruning is simple.The grape maturity phase of the present invention in advance, can go on the market ahead of time, improves income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of grape trellis of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is No. 8 galvanized steel iron wires; 2 is No. 10 galvanized wires; 3 is No. 12 galvanized wires; 4 is No. 14 galvanized wires; 5 is corner post; 6 is side column; 7 is fore-set.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
The enforcement time: 2011～2013
Implement place: Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute
(1), implement instantiation:
Select kind: sunlight rose;
(2) implementation method:
Comprise:
1, level land, making ridge;
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m, be advisable;
3, kind is selected: the present invention can select the grape variety of the suitable heavy cutting backs such as golden finger, sunlight rose, summer be black.
4, build the posture that adapts to the cultivation of grape high density Labor-saving, frame height 1.8-1.9m, with concrete column, build, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, the outer squint of side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end is fixed with iron wire, No. 8 galvanized wires for surrounding and side column bracing wire, side column is to No. 10 galvanized wires for bracing wire, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in (follow to) every fore-set band both sides, spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in column, push up downward 30cm place and follow to respectively drawing in column both sides and establish together No. 12 galvanized wires.
5, when growing into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, grape seedlings carries out pinching, 4 sublateral shoots that after pinching, first end sent follow and to colligation respectively, are fixed on column and push up on downward 30cm place two layback She bis-road iron wires, Yan Er road iron wire is to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit is fixed, and these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree.When major branch grows to 50cm left and right, by the pinching of major branch tip, limit its growth, on every major branch, be equipped with two side shoots, side shoot stays two relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruit bearing shoot of base portion in major branch, side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle, to first iron wire on frame face, lure derivation long, and flatten on second, third road iron wire.When the winter cuts, four major branches retain respectively 45cm and cut and cut, and what on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity was greater than 0.8cm stays 2 full bud cutting backs of base portion, and base portion rugosity is less than the whole of 0.8cm and removes.
6, Second Year, the inflorescence of side shoot on major branch (fruit bearing shoot) reaches 5～6 with blade and carries out pinching for the first time, the sublateral shoot newly growing after pinching, retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, carry out pinching for the second time when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, still retain sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward after pinching, all the other sublateral shoots are removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly.Winter, while cutting, stays golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion partially strong fruit bearing shoot or nutrition secateurs to cut on each major branch, cutting and staying length is this front end major branch length, remove other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipe out this front end major branch part, flatten this branch of colligation on first iron wire, to upgrade this major branch.
7, this tree-like Second Year of having managed just can be shaped, and the later annual summer cuts with the winter and cuts by Second Year method and undertaken.If bearing basal shoot moves outward on major branch, it is the innovation shoot of major branch that the major branch base portion kryptoblast of noting selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout cultivation.The method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is stronger, pressing the cultivation of vegetative shoot cultural method is the innovation shoot of major branch, if a little less than young sprout growth potential, when young sprout grows to 3～4 leaves, carries out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows, retain 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote that branch increases thick ripe, base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot cultivate, when the winter repaiies as the innovation shoot of major branch.
(3) implementation result
To utilize the sunlight rose grape of conventional levels pergola system to compare.
Table 1 finds out, this planting type is to dry matter content, dry thick and flower bud differentiation effect is obvious.
Table 12013 (life in 3 years) year Grape Dormancy phase amount of growth comparison
As shown in Table 2, the maturing stage shifts to an earlier date to some extent compared with conventional cultivation mode, and per mu yield, single fruit weight also obviously increase, and soluble solid content is more conventional increasing also, and titratable acid content declines to some extent.Illustrating generally that the upper the present invention of grape fruit quality performance is more conventional has an obvious advantage.
Table 2:2013 grape maturity phase and output situation
As shown in Table 3, the present invention is significantly better than contrast aspect utilizing at light efficiency.
Photosynthetic effect and the intensity of illumination of table 3 different tree form
The present invention reduces labor intensity, and increases work efficiency, convenient to operation, with conventional horizontal rack cultivation mode comparison, 2 labours of every mu of saving of bud picking, prune every mu and save 1 labour, 1 labour of every mu of saving of branch colligation in winter, adds up to every mu to save 4 labours.Reached the object of saving labor.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) level land, making ridge;
(2) determine Rational Determination density in planting, with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m, be advisable;
(3) kind is selected: the grape variety of selecting golden finger, sunlight rose, black suitable heavy cutting back of summer.
(4) build the frame that adapts to the cultivation of grape high density Labor-saving;
(5) First Year pruning: carry out pinching when grape seedlings grows into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, 4 sublateral shoots that after pinching, first end sent follow and to colligation respectively, are fixed on column and push up on downward 30cm place two layback She bis-road iron wires, Yan Er road iron wire is to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit is fixed, these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree, when major branch grows to 50cm left and right, by the pinching of major branch tip, limit its growth, on every major branch, be equipped with two side shoots, side shoot stays two relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruit bearing shoot of base portion in major branch, side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle, to first iron wire on frame face, lure derivation long, and flatten second, on San road iron wire, when the winter cuts, four major branches retain respectively 45cm and cut and cut, what on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity was greater than 0.8cm stays 2 full bud cutting backs of base portion, base portion rugosity is less than the whole of 0.8cm and removes,
(6) Second Year pruning: the inflorescence of fruit bearing shoot reaches 5～6 with blade and carries out pinching for the first time on major branch, the sublateral shoot newly growing after pinching, retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed without exception, when growing to 4～5 leaves, tip sublateral shoot carries out pinching for the second time, after pinching, still retaining sublateral shoot of tip continues to extend forward, all the other sublateral shoots are removed, tip sublateral shoot retains 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly later, winter is when cut, on each major branch, stay golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion partially strong fruit bearing shoot or nutrition secateurs to cut, cutting and staying length is this front end major branch length, remove other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipe out this front end major branch part, flatten this branch of colligation on first iron wire, to upgrade this major branch,
(7) this tree-like Second Year of having managed just can be shaped, and the later annual summer cuts with the winter and cuts by Second Year method and undertaken; If bearing basal shoot moves outward on major branch, it is the innovation shoot of major branch that the major branch base portion kryptoblast of noting selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout cultivation.
2. the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described frame height 1.8-1.9m, with concrete column, build, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, the outer squint of side column and ground angle at 45 °, capital end is fixed with iron wire, No. 8 galvanized wires for surrounding and side column bracing wire, side column is to No. 10 galvanized wires for bracing wire, each crosspoint fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in every fore-set band both sides, spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in column, push up downward 30cm place and follow to respectively drawing in column both sides and establish together No. 12 galvanized wires.
3. the tree-like form culture method of grape high density Labor-saving as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in step (6), innovation shoot is selected and remain method for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is stronger, pressing the cultivation of vegetative shoot cultural method is the innovation shoot of major branch, if a little less than young sprout growth potential, when growing to 3～4 leaves, young sprout carries out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows, retain 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote branch to increase thick ripe, base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year fruit bearing shoot or vegetative shoot cultivation, when the winter repaiies as the innovation shoot of major branch.
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| CN104904558A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for planting oblique horizontal long-stem pruning grape with double-layer flat canopy frame |
| CN105123423A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 | Plantation method for improving sugar content of shine-muscat |
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| CN106258530A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-01-04 | 唐冠 | A kind of viticultural pruning technique |
| CN104904558A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for planting oblique horizontal long-stem pruning grape with double-layer flat canopy frame |
| CN105123423A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-12-09 | 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 | Plantation method for improving sugar content of shine-muscat |
| CN105145232A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-16 | 句容市白兔镇白枝山生态果园 | Excellent and labor-saving train cultivation method for figs |
| CN106069564A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-11-09 | 句容市万山红遍应时鲜果专业合作联社 | Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the kyoto grape Labor-saving cultural method taken into account |
| CN106258786A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-01-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae Labor-saving grape cultural method taken into account |
| CN106613712A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-05-10 | 潍坊职业学院 | High suspension horizontal training method of grapes |
| CN107371822A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 山东志昌农业科技发展股份有限公司 | The big tree cultural method of landscape grape |
| CN107371822B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2020-04-14 | 志昌智慧农业科技股份有限公司 | Landscape grape big tree culture method |
| CN108055969A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-22 | 宿州忆十七农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Labor-saving pruning implantation methods of grape |
| CN108464138A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-31 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of gold leaf ginkgo plants the formative method of hedge screen |
| CN108575483A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-28 | 南京林业大学 | Ginkgo screen-type hedgerow formative method based on grafting with knitting skill |
| CN108718891A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-11-02 | 李军 | A kind of vinifera fruitful branch control pruning method |
| CN111109002A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes |
| CN111109002B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉市仟果园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for managing young trees of sunshine rose grapes |
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