CN104160915B - A kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method - Google Patents
A kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method, including leveling land, making ridge；Determine Rational Determination density in planting, be advisable with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m；Build the frame adapting to the cultivation of Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving；And annual pruning management process, the present invention can make full use of the feature of body mechanics, it is to avoid fatigue that stoop labor brings that flat frame need to come back operation and hedge frame need to be bowed, and reduces labor intensity, improves work efficiency, it is ensured that good ventilation and illumination；Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like succinctly, and winter pruning is simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to the Fructus Vitis viniferae tree-like form culture of high density Labor-saving
Method.
Background technology
Fructus Vitis viniferae belongs to Vitis (Vitis) defoliation liana, slaps lobate, 3～5 lack split, compound raceme,
Generally in cone, berry mostly is circular or oval, and color and luster is different with kind.Along with vinegrowing technology
Promoting, wine-growing is more kept on improving by people, by accurate field planting, accurately management and efficient
Liquid manure utilizes, it is thus achieved that the Fructus Vitis viniferae that quality is the highest.Vertical mode taken by existing Fructus Vitis viniferae hedge frame has a lot, traditional T
Type hedge frame only pulls out left and right two lines, is to meet far away wine-growing, and existing a lot of Li Jia Portugal
Grape bear fruit excessive height, and the management such as fruit thinning, leaching fringe at ordinary times is extremely difficult, and the most existing frame does not has one
Standard, is unfavorable for promoting, if building of frame combined with wine-growing, the most easily instructs
Peasant household's operation, improves income.
At south China summer high temperature high humidity, with heavy rainfall, in production use common flat canopy or hedge frame more
(V-arrangement and T-shaped) cultivation mode, common flat canopy cultivation mode tree-shaped arranges complex, easily causes branch
In a jumble, the closing of canopy face, affect photosynthetic carrying out, pest and disease damage easily occurs, and then affects fruit quality；
And complex management, need to come back operation, time-consuming takes a lot of work, it addition, the need that common flat canopy cultivation mode is to iron wire
Asking many, cost is high.Hedge frame is low due to height, stoop labor of need to bowing, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, pest and disease damage
Heavier.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that presently, there are, the present invention provides a kind of tree-like form culture side of high density Labor-saving Fructus Vitis viniferae
Method, can make full use of the feature of body mechanics, it is to avoid flat frame need to come back operation and hedge frame need to be bowed bends over to make
The fatigue that industrial belt is come, reduces labor intensity, and improves work efficiency, it is ensured that good ventilation and illumination；Vine
Shape is succinct, and winter pruning is simple.
To achieve these goals, it is provided that following technical scheme:
A kind of high density Labor-saving Fructus Vitis viniferae tree-like form culture method, comprises the following steps:
1, level land, making ridge；
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, be advisable with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m；
3, Fruit variety: the present invention may select golden finger, sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae, the summer Fructus Vitis viniferae suitably weighing cutting back such as black
Kind.
4, build the posture of adaptation Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving cultivation, frame height 1.8-1.9m, use concrete column
Building, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, and longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, side column and ground at 45 ° angular outside
Squint, capital end iron wire fixes, surrounding and side column bracing wire with No. 8 galvanized wires, side column to bracing wire with 10
Number galvanized wire, each cross point fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally (along row to) every
Three No. 14 galvanized wires are respectively drawn in bar fore-set band both sides, and spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in the downward 30cm in column top
Place sets together No. 12 galvanized wires along row to respectively drawing in column both sides.
5, carry out pinching when grape seedlings grows into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, after pinching, first end is sent
4 sublateral shoots are fixed at the downward 30cm in column top on two layback She bis-road iron wires along row to colligation respectively, edge
Two road iron wires are fixed to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit, and these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree.When
When major branch grows to about 50cm, by major branch tip pinching, limit its growth, every major branch is equipped with two
Side shoot, side shoot stays the relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruitful branch of base portion two in major branch, and side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle,
On frame face, first iron wire lures derivation long, and flattens on second, third road iron wire.Four masters when winter cuts
Branch respectively retain 45cm cut cut, on major branch side shoot base portion rugosity more than 0.8cm stay 2 full buds of base portion short
Cutting, base portion rugosity removes less than the whole of 0.8cm.
6, Second Year, when on major branch, the inflorescence of side shoot (fruitful branch) reaches 5～6 with blade and carries out
Pinching, the sublateral shoot newly grown after pinching, retain one sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward, remaining is secondary
The tip is removed without exception, carries out second time pinching when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, still retains tip after pinching
One sublateral shoot continues to extend forward, and remaining sublateral shoot is removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly.
When winter cuts, each major branch stays fruitful branch that one golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion strengthens partially or nutrition secateurs cut, cut stay a length of
This front end major branch length, removes other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipes out this front end major branch part, and pressing is tied up
Prick this branch on first iron wire, to update this major branch.
7, this tree-like Second Year that managed just can shape, and the most annual summer cuts to cut with the winter and carries out by Second Year method.
If moving outside bearing basal shoot on major branch, then the major branch base portion kryptoblast that notes selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout that and is cultivated as major branch
Innovation shoot.Method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is relatively strong, then by battalion
Support branch cultural method and cultivate the innovation shoot for major branch, if young sprout growth potential is weak, then grow to 3～4 at young sprout
Carry out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows during leaf, retain 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote branch
Bar increases thick ripe, and base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back is stayed in winter pruning, trains as fruitful branch in the coming year or nutrition branch
Support, as the innovation shoot of major branch when the winter repaiies.
The method have the benefit that the feature that can make full use of body mechanics, it is to avoid flat frame need to come back operation and
Hedge frame need to be bowed the fatigue that stoop labor brings, and reduces labor intensity, with conventional horizontal rack cultivation mode
Relatively, 2 labour forces are saved in bud picking every mu, prune every mu and save 1 labour force, branch colligation in winter every mu
Save 1 labour force, add up to every mu to save 4 labour forces.Reach the purpose of saving labor, improve work
Make efficiency, convenient to operation；Frame space of planes is big, promotes Fructus Vitis viniferae branches and tendrils reasonable layout, it is ensured that good ventilation
And illumination, light efficiency utilizes height；Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like succinctly, and winter pruning is simple.The grape maturity phase of the present invention shifts to an earlier date,
Can list ahead of time, improve income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of grape trellis of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is No. 8 galvanized steel iron wires；2 is No. 10 galvanized wires；3 is No. 12 galvanized wires；4 are
No. 14 galvanized wires；5 is corner post；6 is side column；7 is fore-set.
Detailed description of the invention
Below presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is described in detail, so that advantages and features of the invention can be more
It is prone to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus protection scope of the present invention is made apparent clear and definite boundary
Fixed.
The embodiment of the present invention includes:
The enforcement time: 2011～2013
Enforcement place: Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute
(1), instantiation is implemented:
Selection kind: sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae；
(2) implementation:
Including:
1, level land, making ridge；
2, determine Rational Determination density in planting, be advisable with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m；
3, Fruit variety: the present invention may select golden finger, sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae, the summer Fructus Vitis viniferae suitably weighing cutting back such as black
Kind.
4, build the posture of adaptation Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving cultivation, frame height 1.8-1.9m, use concrete column
Building, side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, and longitudinal pitch is 3m, corner post, side column and ground at 45 ° angular outside
Squint, capital end iron wire fixes, surrounding and side column bracing wire with No. 8 galvanized wires, side column to bracing wire with 10
Number galvanized wire, each cross point fore-set vertical support to bracing wire in the middle of frame, longitudinally (along row to) every
Three No. 14 galvanized wires are respectively drawn in bar fore-set band both sides, and spacing is respectively 0.35m, and in the downward 30cm in column top
Place sets together No. 12 galvanized wires along row to respectively drawing in column both sides.
5, carry out pinching when grape seedlings grows into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, after pinching, first end is sent
4 sublateral shoots are fixed at the downward 30cm in column top on two layback She bis-road iron wires along row to colligation respectively, edge
Two road iron wires are fixed to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit, and these 4 sublateral shoots become 4 major branches of this tree.When
When major branch grows to about 50cm, by major branch tip pinching, limit its growth, every major branch is equipped with two
Side shoot, side shoot stays the relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruitful branch of base portion two in major branch, and side shoot and level are 45-60 degree inclination angle,
On frame face, first iron wire lures derivation long, and flattens on second, third road iron wire.Four masters when winter cuts
Branch respectively retain 45cm cut cut, on major branch side shoot base portion rugosity more than 0.8cm stay 2 full buds of base portion short
Cutting, base portion rugosity removes less than the whole of 0.8cm.
6, Second Year, when on major branch, the inflorescence of side shoot (fruitful branch) reaches 5～6 with blade and carries out
Pinching, the sublateral shoot newly grown after pinching, retain one sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward, remaining is secondary
The tip is removed without exception, carries out second time pinching when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, still retains tip after pinching
One sublateral shoot continues to extend forward, and remaining sublateral shoot is removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly.
When winter cuts, each major branch stays fruitful branch that one golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion strengthens partially or nutrition secateurs cut, cut stay a length of
This front end major branch length, removes other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipes out this front end major branch part, and pressing is tied up
Prick this branch on first iron wire, to update this major branch.
7, this tree-like Second Year that managed just can shape, and the most annual summer cuts to cut with the winter and carries out by Second Year method.
If moving outside bearing basal shoot on major branch, then the major branch base portion kryptoblast that notes selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout that and is cultivated as major branch
Innovation shoot.Method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth potential is relatively strong, then by battalion
Support branch cultural method and cultivate the innovation shoot for major branch, if young sprout growth potential is weak, then grow to 3～4 at young sprout
Carry out pinching, the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows during leaf, retain 1～2 leaf pinching repeatedly, promote branch
Bar increases thick ripe, and base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back is stayed in winter pruning, trains as fruitful branch in the coming year or nutrition branch
Support, as the innovation shoot of major branch when the winter repaiies.
(3) implementation result
The sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae Fructus Vitis viniferae utilizing conventional levels pergola system is compared.
Table 1 is found out, this planting type to dry matter content, dry crude and bud differentiation effect is obvious.
Table 12013 (life in 3 years) Grape Dormancy year, increment phase compares
As shown in Table 2, having shifted to an earlier date of period of maturation more conventional planting type, per mu yield, single fruit weight the most substantially increase
Greatly, soluble solid content is the most more conventional to increase, and titratable acid content has declined.On the whole
In the performance of bright grape fruit quality, the present invention is more conventional obvious advantage.
Table 2:2013 grape maturity phase and output condition
As shown in Table 3, the present invention utilizes aspect to be significantly better than comparison at light efficiency.
The photosynthetic effect of table 3 different tree form and intensity of illumination
The present invention reduces labor intensity, and improves work efficiency, convenient to operation, with conventional horizontal rack
Cultivation mode compares, and 2 labour forces are saved in bud picking every mu, prunes every mu and saves 1 labour force, branch winter
1 labour force is saved in season colligation every mu, adds up to every mu to save 4 labour forces.Reach saving labor
Purpose.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, every profit
The equivalent structure made by description of the invention content or equivalence flow process conversion, or directly or indirectly it is used in it
The technical field that he is correlated with, is the most in like manner included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) level land, making ridge；
(2) determine Rational Determination density in planting, be advisable with line-spacing 2.8m, spacing in the rows 1m；
(3) Fruit variety: select golden finger, sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae, the summer black grape variety suitably weighing cutting back；
(4) frame of adaptation Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving cultivation is built；
(5) First Year pruning: carry out pinching when grape seedlings grows into 1.1-1.4m on ridge, pluck
After the heart, 4 sublateral shoots that first end sends are fixed on two laybacks at the downward 30cm in column top along row to colligation respectively
On She bis-road iron wire, fixing along two road iron wires to back growth, the colligation of length of side limit, these 4 sublateral shoots become
4 major branches of this tree, when major branch grows to about 50cm, by major branch tip pinching, limit its growth,
Being equipped with two side shoots on every major branch, side shoot stays the relative golden mean of the Confucian school fruitful branch of base portion two, side shoot and water in major branch
Flat in 45-60 degree inclination angle, on frame face, first iron wire lures derivation long, and flattens at second, third road ferrum
On silk, when the winter cuts, four major branches retain 45cm respectively and cut and cut, and on major branch, side shoot base portion rugosity is more than 0.8cm's
Staying the full bud cutting back of base portion 2, base portion rugosity removes less than the whole of 0.8cm；
(6) Second Year pruning: when on major branch, the inflorescence of fruitful branch reaches 5～6 with blade and carries out
Pinching for the first time, the sublateral shoot newly grown after pinching, retain one sublateral shoot of tip and continue to extend forward, remaining
Sublateral shoot is removed without exception, carries out second time pinching when tip sublateral shoot grows to 4～5 leaves, still retains elder generation after pinching
Holding a sublateral shoot to continue to extend forward, remaining sublateral shoot is removed, and later tip sublateral shoot retains 1～2 leaf and repeatedly plucks
The heart, when the winter cuts, each major branch stays fruitful branch that one golden mean of the Confucian school of base portion strengthens partially or nutrition secateurs cut, cuts and stay length
Degree is this front end major branch length, removes other prosperous branch or weak branch, and wipes out this front end major branch part, pressure
Flat tie pricks this branch on first iron wire, to update this major branch；
(7) this tree-like Second Year that managed just can shape, and the most annual summer cuts and cuts to enter by Second Year method with the winter
OK；If moving outside bearing basal shoot on major branch, then the major branch base portion kryptoblast that notes selecting and remain is sprouted the young sprout that and cultivated is main
The innovation shoot of branch.
2. Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described frame height 1.8-1.9m, builds with concrete column, and side column horizontal spacing is 2.8m, and longitudinal pitch is
3m, corner post, side column and ground angular outer squint at 45 °, capital end iron wire fixes, and surrounding and side column draw
Line with No. 8 galvanized wires, side column to bracing wire with No. 10 galvanized wires, each cross point to bracing wire in the middle of frame
Using fore-set vertical support, longitudinally three No. 14 galvanized wires are drawn in every fore-set band both sides, and spacing is respectively
0.35m, and set together No. 12 galvanized wires along row to respectively drawing in column both sides at the downward 30cm in column top.
3. Fructus Vitis viniferae high density Labor-saving tree-like form culture method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature
Being, in step (7), innovation shoot method of selecting and remain is for sprouting young sprout when major branch base portion kryptoblast, if young sprout growth
Gesture is relatively strong, then press nutrition branch cultural method and cultivate the innovation shoot for major branch, if young sprout growth potential is weak, then newly
The tip grows to carry out pinching during 3～4 leaves, and the sublateral shoot that after pinching, tip newly grows retains 1～2 leaf
Pinching repeatedly, promotes that branch increases thick ripe, and base portion 1-2 full bud cutting back is stayed in winter pruning, as the coming year
Fruitful branch or nutrition branch are cultivated, as the innovation shoot of major branch when the winter repaiies.
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| CN104904558B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-05-24 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for planting oblique horizontal long-stem pruning grape with double-layer flat canopy frame |
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