CN103907498A - Horizontal contiguous trellis viticulture method suitable for alpine region - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the high-cold region with horizontal scaffolding. When the grape garden is built in the high-cold region, the grape posture is designed as a horizontal scaffolding, and the height of the scaffolding surface is 180 cm, except that the first grape in each row is placed vertically on the shelf , the other grapes are placed on the shelf with a single main trunk inclined at an angle of 30° along the row direction, and on the shelf surface, double main vines are used to extend along the row direction to the previous one, and the new shoots on each main vine are perpendicular to the row direction. side of the main vine. The invention can precisely control the yield, improve the fruit quality, keep the ripening period of the fruit consistent, prevent the branches from growing too much, make the branches lure convenient and tidy, facilitate unified management, improve the working efficiency of grape loading and unloading, facilitate overwintering and cold protection, and have wide practicability.

Description

A method suitable for horizontally connected scaffolding cultivation of grapes in alpine regions

technical field

The technical field of viticulture mainly relates to a method suitable for horizontally connected scaffolding cultivation of grapes in alpine regions.

Background technique

With the rapid development of viticulture in our country, there are various types of viticulture. Due to the vast territory of our country, the cultivation modes of the north and the south are different. Cultivation, T-shaped hedge cultivation, etc. Japan is a country with relatively developed viticulture. Due to the high temperature and high humidity in summer, grapes in the open field and in greenhouses are cultivated on flat trellises. However, the cost of flat scaffolding is relatively high, and management is difficult. The daily management operation often exceeds the number of people, and the labor intensity is high. At present, there is not yet a kind of cultivation frame that adapts to the characteristics of grape production and can effectively use space to achieve labor-saving and high-efficiency.

In the same summer in southern my country with high temperature and high humidity and abundant rain, the use of flat trellis to cultivate grapes can make the grapes higher off the ground and reduce the spread of rainwater to soil diseases, but pruning and flower and fruit management are more complicated and difficult to operate. Hands are raised above the head, labor intensity is high and efficiency is low; grapes are cultivated by single-wall fence or T-shaped fence, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the surface of the fence is limited, the space utilization rate is low, and the growth of grape branches is insufficient, resulting in The leaf area is relatively small, which has a certain impact on the yield. The tree shape is disordered and irregular, and the branches are crossed and scattered, which makes management inconvenient.

The winter in the alpine area is cold, and the grapes need to be buried in the soil to prevent the cold. The small trellises and horizontal trellises currently used use multiple main vines or single vines to be vertically placed on the shelves and then tied perpendicular to the direction of grape planting. Conditions and nutritional conditions are inconsistent, resulting in inconsistent flowering periods and uneven coloring of grapes; overlapping branches cause heavy pruning workload in summer; main vines grow vertically or the slope is too small. It is easy to cause branch sprains.

"A method suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the north with horizontal scaffolding" adopts Dulong stems and single vines to reshape. Due to excessive nutrition, it is easy to cause the branches to grow excessively.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the alpine region with horizontal scaffolding, so as to solve the problems of low yield, inconsistent fruit ripening, difficult pruning, and heavy wintering workload.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the high-cold region with horizontal scaffolding. When the grape garden is built in the high-cold region, the grape posture is designed as a horizontal scaffolding, and the height of the scaffolding surface is 180cm. The first grape in each row is put on the shelf vertically, and the other grapes are put on the shelf with a single trunk inclined at an angle of 30° along the row. The shoots are attached to one side of the main vine perpendicular to the row direction.

The concrete steps of described method are as follows:

S1. Planting of seedlings: The young seedlings are planted at an angle of 30° with the ground in the same direction. When the new shoots grow to 50 cm, the new shoots are tied to the iron wire along the main direction with ropes; the first grape in each row uses "one hole" For double planting, one grape is vertically planted and tied vertically on the wire. When the thickness of the new shoot reaches 0.8cm, top off at a height of 1.8m. Tie the top two auxiliary shoots to the two iron wires connecting the uprights as extension branches for cultivation;

S2, summer pruning: When the new shoots on the main vine grow to the inflorescence, keep a new shoot at an interval of 15-20 cm perpendicular to the row direction and tie it on the frame surface. Wipe off the new shoots. The remaining new shoots will not be wiped off in the future, and they will be kept for a long time. If necessary, the overlapping new shoots will be removed.

S3. Winter pruning: generally in mid-to-late October, using a single trunk, spreading long branches from the third wire main trunk. Adopt the method of "double main vine horizontal leaf curtain": the length of the main vine is more than 150cm, leave a fruiting branch group every 20cm, leave 10-14 fruiting branch groups for the whole tree, 2-4 for the fence part, and 8 for the trellis part. ~10, arranged in a fishbone shape, and the leading fruiting branch group can be arranged at 1.8m of the scaffolding; the general length is more than 1.5m, and the fruiting branch group is renewed with a single branch. It is required that the branches are fully mature, there are 2 full buds under the cut, the thickness of the cut is more than 0.8 cm, and all side branches are cut off. That is to say, "the direction of the main spreading long head on the shelf surface is long and placed to the edge of the shelf surface, and 2 short branches are left at an interval of 20 cm as the fruiting mother branches in the coming year."

S4. Overwintering and cold protection: Place the pruned branches and tendrils in the planting ditch. Before burying the grape branches and tendrils, cover a layer of colored striped cloth. The thickness of the buried soil should be 10cm higher than that of the colored striped cloth.

The invention can precisely control the output, improve the fruit quality, keep the ripening period of the fruit consistent, prevent the branches from growing too much, make the branches lure convenient and tidy, facilitate unified management, improve the work efficiency of putting grapes on and off the shelves, facilitate overwintering and cold protection, and have wide practicability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the method for cultivating grapes with horizontal scaffolding in alpine regions according to the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

1. Upright column; 2. Pull wire; 3. Trunk; 4. Main vine; 5. New shoot; 6. Right angle; 7. 30° angle;

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

The present invention is aimed at existing deficiencies a kind of method that is suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the high-cold area horizontally connected scaffolding, as shown in Figure 1, when building a garden for grapes in the high-cold region, the grape frame is designed as a horizontally connected scaffolding, and the height of the shelf surface is 180cm. Except that the first grape in each row is put on the shelf vertically, the other grapes are put on the shelf with a single main trunk 3 inclined at an angle of 30° along the row, and double main vines 4 are used on the rack surface to extend to the previous plant along the row. The new shoots 5 on the tendril 4 are tied on one side of the main tendril 4 perpendicular to the row direction.

Example 1

A kind of method that is suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the high cold area with horizontal scaffolding is as follows:

S1. Planting of seedlings: The young seedlings are planted at an angle of 30° with the ground in the same direction. When the new shoots grow to 50 cm, the new shoots are tied to the iron wire along the main direction with ropes; the first grape in each row uses "one hole" For double planting, one grape is vertically planted and tied vertically on the wire. When the thickness of the new shoot reaches 0.8cm, top off at a height of 1.8m. Tie the top two auxiliary shoots to the two iron wires connecting the uprights as extension branches for cultivation;

S2, summer pruning: When the new shoots on the main vine grow to the inflorescence, keep a new shoot at an interval of 17 cm perpendicular to the row direction and tie it on the frame surface. Wipe it clean, do not wipe the buds of the remaining new shoots in the future, and keep them for a long time, and remove the overlapping new shoots if necessary

S3. Winter pruning: generally in mid-to-late October, using a single trunk, spreading long branches from the third wire main trunk. The method of "double main vine horizontal leaf curtain" is adopted: the length of the main vine is more than 150cm, one fruiting branch group is left every 20cm, 12 fruiting branch groups are left for the whole tree, 3 for the fence part, and 9 for the trellis part, in the form of fishbone Arranged in the same shape, the leading fruiting branch group can be arranged at the 1.8m part of the scaffolding; the general length is more than 1.5 meters, and the fruiting branch group is renewed with a single branch. It is required that the branches are fully mature, there are 2 full buds under the cut, the thickness of the cut is more than 0.8 cm, and all side branches are cut off. That is to say, "the direction of the main spreading long head on the shelf surface is long and placed to the edge of the shelf surface, and 2 short branches are left at an interval of 20 cm as the fruiting mother branches in the coming year."

S4. Overwintering and cold protection: Place the pruned branches and tendrils in the planting ditch. Before burying the grape branches and tendrils, cover a layer of colored striped cloth. The thickness of the buried soil should be 10cm higher than that of the colored striped cloth.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method suitable for the cultivation of grapes in the high-cold region with horizontal scaffolding, characterized in that, when the grape garden is built in the high-cold region, the grape frame is designed as a horizontal scaffolding with a surface height of 180cm, except for the first grape in each row. The other grapes are put on the shelf vertically, and the other grapes are put on the shelf with a single trunk (3) inclined at an angle of 30° along the row (7). The new shoots (5) on (4) are tied on one side of the main vine (4) perpendicular to the row direction. 2. a kind of method that is suitable for alpine region grape horizontally connected scaffolding cultivation according to requirement 1, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described method are as follows: S1. Planting of seedlings: The young seedlings are planted at an angle of 30° with the ground in the same direction. When the new shoots grow to 50 cm, the new shoots are tied to the iron wire along the main direction with ropes; the first grape in each row uses "one hole" For double planting, one grape is vertically planted and tied vertically on the wire. When the thickness of the new shoot reaches 0.8cm, top off at a height of 1.8m. The two auxiliary shoots at the top are tied to the two iron wires connecting the column (1) and cultivated as extension branches; S2, summer pruning: When the new shoots on the main vine grow to the inflorescence, keep a new shoot at an interval of 15-20 cm perpendicular to the row direction and tie it on the frame surface. Wipe off the new shoots. The remaining new shoots will not be wiped off in the future, and they will be kept for a long time. If necessary, the overlapping new shoots will be removed. S3. Winter pruning: generally in mid-to-late October, using a single trunk, spreading long branches from the third wire main trunk. Adopt the method of "double main vine horizontal leaf curtain": the length of the main vine is more than 150cm, leave a fruiting branch group every 20cm, leave 10-14 fruiting branch groups for the whole tree, 2-4 for the fence part, and 8 for the trellis part. ~10, arranged in a fishbone shape, and the leading fruiting branch group can be arranged at 1.8m of the scaffolding; the general length is more than 1.5m, and the fruiting branch group is renewed with a single branch. It is required that the branches are fully mature, there are 2 full buds under the cut, the thickness of the cut is more than 0.8 cm, and all side branches are cut off. That is to say, "the direction of the main spreading long head on the shelf surface is long and placed to the edge of the shelf surface, and 2 short branches are left at an interval of 20 cm as the fruiting mother branches in the coming year." S4. Overwintering and cold protection: Place the pruned branches and tendrils in the planting ditch. Before burying the grape branches and tendrils, cover a layer of colored striped cloth. The thickness of the buried soil should be 10cm higher than that of the colored striped cloth.