CN101099441A - Method for culturing grape in arid Gobi desert area - Google Patents
Method for culturing grape in arid Gobi desert area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for planting grape in arid desert area. Said method includes the following several steps: according to the spacing distance of 4-6m excavating overwintering soil-covering cold-resisting channel, excavating planting channel in the centre of cold-resisting channel bottom, laying PVC plastic film on the channel bottom of planting channel and two side walls, filling coarse sand or chad into the channel bottom, then making the planting channel be filled up with soil and fertilizer mixture, according to the spacing distance of 1m planting grape young tree, at two sides of tree body respectively setting one drip irrigation band, at two sides of root system alternatively making irrigation, adopting small trellis form and pruning, when autumn changes into winter in every year, removing aerial portions of grape main vine and fruiting twigs from grape trellis and placing them into cold-resisting channel and covering said cold-resisting channel with a layer of sandy soil whose thickness is 50cm for overwintering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the grape method for planting in area, a kind of arid Desert of Gobi, at the arid area that lacks water resource, provide a kind of and can economize fertilizer by water-saving, the grape method for planting that improves the yield and quality belongs to farm-forestry crop culture technique field.
Background technology
The southern Xinjiang in China western part, Hexi Corridor, Gansu and Yinchuan, Ningxia and river bend west area, Inner Mongol, precipitation rareness (15-300mm/) relies on the irrigation of snow mountain melt water and Huanghe water fully and carries out agricultural production.Local photo-thermal aboundresources is the pollution-free green production area of fruit.Grape, pear and other fruits as Turfan, Dunhuang, Lanzhou, Yinchuan and Wuhai all are fancy fruits well-known throughout the country.But because water resource is limited, a large amount of soils still is in desert and Gobi desert state.
In the area, river valley of northwest drought desert, the river that snow melt forms provides limited water source for the agricultural production of locality.But because the soil structure characteristic and the dry and hot climate in desert, Gobi desert, leak and evaporation from land surface caused very large water resource waste, the soil in desert and Gobi desert is gravel matter simultaneously, and fertilizer-preserving ability is poor, and quick-acting fertilizer nutrition meeting is lost to underground with the seepage of irrigation water.Serious rich water seepage has greatly influenced growing of grape, influences the raising of yield and quality.In Yinchuan, the tableland, two sides, the Yellow River of Lanzhou and the Inner Mongol river bend, developed a large amount of soils by the electric power water lift in recent years.But these soils mostly are sand, also have the chad layer below the sandy soil layer that has, and to leak fertile serious with Louing, have caused the waste and the cost raising of precious water resource, and land development is restricted.Even the Turfan in the township of melon and fruit, vineyard periphery still have wide desert Gobi desert to remain exploitation.
In Ningxia, the gravity irrigation district of the Inner Mongol river bend, so far still be limited by the cultivation theory of " well established and vigorously developing ", adopt the mode of dark planting hole of 80cm or the ditch vine of planting, pass through organic fertilizer application after planting again, expand cave or ditch year by year, root system viny is distributed widely in barren, the sandy soil of moisture holding capacity extreme difference, in the chad, the rich water seepage is serious, supply with in order to guarantee rich water, increase the rich water supply and just become unique approach, therefore, not only waste water resource, also brought the seepage of soluble nutrient, bad harm such as the soil salinization and water resource eutrophication pollution.
The soil water consumption of arid, semiarid zone mainly is made of three parts: soil percolation dehydration and surface runoff (accounting for more than 50% of dehydration), evaporation from land surface dehydration (accounting for more than 20%) and plant transpiration dehydration.Wherein soil percolation dehydration and evaporation from land surface dehydration are almost without any physiology and production realistic meaning, are proper wastes.And the transpiration of plant is neither 100% meaningful.Therefore need provide a kind of effective method to block underground leakage and evaporation from land surface, reduce rising consumption, improve the rich water availability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to demand at the deficiencies in the prior art and actual production, a kind of grape method for planting that is suitable for area, arid Desert of Gobi is provided, can reduces the rich water seepage, improve efficiency of water application, can reduce production costs simultaneously, reduce the pollution of environment.
In order to reach this purpose, in the method provided by the invention, spacing with 4-6m is excavated the soil burial winter protection ditch of surviving the winter, dig planting furrow in the central authorities of winter protection bottom of trench again, the PVC plastic foil is spread in the bottom of trench of planting furrow and two side, bottom of trench fills up with the clay fertilizer mixture after inserting coarse sand or chad again, by the spacing of the 1m grape treelet of planting.Respectively dispose 1 irrigate band in tree body both sides, the rhizosphere both sides replace moistening pouring water.Adopt the trim mode of the tree-like and short-and-medium tip combination of pony set.Autumn end will be led acrial part such as climing and bearing basal shoot and be removed from frame, hold together into covering the thick sandy soil of 50cm in the winter protection ditch to survive the winter, and prevent winter freezing injury.The seepage that so can stop moisture and fertilizer is accelerated the tree bulk-growth and is improved vintage.
Method of the present invention comprises following concrete steps:
1, plantation: in the desert or the Gobi desert beach, excavate wide 145-155cm with the spacing of 4-6m, the soil burial winter protection ditch of surviving the winter of dark 40-45cm, dig wide about 75cm in the central authorities of winter protection bottom of trench again, planting furrow about dark 60cm, the PVC plastic foil that thickness is 0.10-0.15mm is spread in bottom of trench and two side at planting furrow, insert thick coarse sand of 10cm or chad to the bottom of trench of planting furrow, fill up planting furrow with the clay fertilizer mixture then, the content of organic matter of clay fertilizer mixture will surpass 10%, total nitrogen content is lower than 2%, and planting according to the spacing of 1.0m, grape is eaten the kind treelet raw or the kind treelet of making wine.
2, water management: respectively join an irrigate band in both sides viny and pour water, bud phase to young sprout fast growing period is fully poured water, enter fruit expanding period after, one lateral irrigation water, a side is not poured water, and alternately pours water every 14 days, both sides are done to wet and are carried out the irrigation quantity 15Kg of each individual plant one side by turns.
3, nutrition supply: individual plant is used quick-acting composite fertilizer 2Kg every year, and wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 25% ± 5%, mainly concentrates on the young sprout fast growing period and uses, Shaoshi or do not execute after colour-change period.Behind the fruit harvesting, the annual benefit executed the soya-bean cake 2Kg/ strain of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
4, tree-like and pruning: adopt pony set tree-like, stay a young sprout to cultivate as main climing preparation young sprout after the germination, should lead the upright pillar traction of climing preparation young sprout, make itself and ground in angle of 45 degrees, its projection line and row are to being 45 degree angles.In undercarriage buries soil the climing autumn and winter of the master of Xing Chenging like this time,, ratio was easier to draw in the winter protection ditch.50cm is with regard to pinching for the every prolongation of main climing preparation young sprout, inspires sublateral shoot, and last sublateral shoot stays the pinching of 3-4 sheet leaf to cultivate into bearing basal shoot without exception, and bearing basal shoot prolongs the tip and stays 2 leaf pinching without exception, prolongs the tip three tips in addition and erases without exception.Bearing basal shoot main on climing to give birth to density be 30cm both sides apportions at interval.Bearing basal shoot adopts pair branch updating methods of short-and-medium tip combination to prune, and stays 1-2 bud cutting back to inspire the renewal young sprout near main climing bearing basal shoot, stays 4-6 bud cutting back, cultivation results branch away from main climing bearing basal shoot.
5, burying soil survives the winter: will lead after the pruning and climingly draw the winter protection ditch in together with bearing basal shoot, and cover the thick soil layer winter protection of 50cm and survive the winter.
The present invention is directed to three water loss routes of the area vineyard underground leakage of arid Desert of Gobi, surface evaporation and blade transpiration, the planting patterns of blocking underground leakage, minimizing evaporation from land surface area, suppressing the grape leave transpiration is provided.Adopt the PVC plastic foil that the root system of grape is limited in certain zone, only irrigate the rhizosphere zone reducing the evaporation from land surface area, and cut off the following path of oozing of irrigation water in the rhizosphere, do not have a water consumption of physiological significance to reduce.The semi-wet pattern that a lateral irrigation is irrigate, opposite side is not irrigated is also adopted in the irrigation of rhizosphere soil simultaneously, make the part root system be subjected to water stress, produce on the abscisic acid (ABA) and transport to blade, the inducer blade stomatal aperture reduces, suppress invalid transpiration, reduce the rising dehydration of blade, form the comprehensive water conservation mode that suppresses aerial (blade), the face of land and underground dehydration.
Planting technique provided by the invention can stop gritty soil layer seepage moisture and fertilizer, improves efficiency of water application, reduces production costs greatly, reduces the pollution of environment.Tree body and the growth of leaf curtain be can accelerate, vintage, quality and productivity effect improved.The present invention is suitable for the Gobi desert of drought and water shortages such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongol, the viticulture of desert area, and local production development is significant.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a grape method for planting schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the inventive method.As shown in Figure 1, winter protection ditch D excavates on the basis of planting furrow d, and the bottom of trench of planting furrow d and two side are covered with the PVC plastic foil, and bottom of trench is inserted coarse sand or chad, the fertile mixture that bankets again, the grape of planting in the ditch.The vine line space is about 4m, and in the ranks soil is not poured water, and the seepage and the evaporation of soil moisture can not take place.And in planting furrow, irrigation water is the rhizosphere scope of moistening tree only, and adopts alternately irrigation method, by the seepage of plastic foil blocking-up irrigation water.
Embodiment: following examples do not constitute limitation of the invention.
1, plantation
The area, Ningxia, autumn, winter.Excavate wide 150cm, dark 40 the soil burial winter protection ditch of surviving the winter on sandy beach ground with the spacing of 5m, dig wide about 75cm in the central authorities of winter protection bottom of trench again, planting furrow about dark 60cm, the PVC plastic foil that thickness is 0.10-0.15mm is spread in bottom of trench and two side at planting furrow, insert thick coarse sand of about 10cm or chad to the bottom of trench of planting furrow, to accept excess moisture, fill up planting furrow with the clay fertilizer mixture then, the content of organic matter of clay fertilizer mixture will surpass 10%, total nitrogen content is lower than 2%, to prevent the nitrogenous high fever seedling of crossing.Eat the kind treelet raw according to the grape of planting of the spacing about 1.0m.
2, the bud phase
1) water management: fully pour water.
2) Nutrition Management: the bud phase need not apply fertilizer
3, young sprout fast growing period
1) water management: fully pour water.
2) Nutrition Management: the young sprout fast growing period is used quick-acting composite fertilizer 1.0-1.5Kg, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 25% ± 5% in the quick-acting composite fertilizers.
3) tree-like and prune: adopt pony set tree-like, stay a young sprout to cultivate after the germination, should lead the upright pillar traction of climing preparation young sprout as main climing preparation young sprout, make its and ground in angle of 45 degrees, its projection line and go and spend angles to being 45.In undercarriage buries soil the climing autumn and winter of the master of Xing Chenging like this time,, ratio was easier to draw in the winter protection ditch.50cm is with regard to pinching for the every prolongation of main climing preparation young sprout, inspires sublateral shoot, and last sublateral shoot stays the pinching of 3-4 sheet leaf to cultivate into bearing basal shoot without exception, and bearing basal shoot prolongs the tip and stays 2 leaf pinching without exception, prolongs the tip three tips in addition and erases without exception.Bearing basal shoot main on climing to give birth to density be 30cm both sides apportions at interval.Bearing basal shoot adopts pair branch updating methods of short-and-medium tip combination to prune, and stays 1-2 bud cutting back to inspire the renewal young sprout near main climing bearing basal shoot, stays 4-6 bud cutting back, cultivation results branch away from main climing bearing basal shoot.
4, fruit expanding period
1) water management: respectively join an irrigate band in both sides viny and pour water, a lateral irrigation water, a side is not poured water, and alternately pours water every 10～14 days, and both sides are done to wet and are carried out the irrigation quantity 15Kg of each individual plant one side by turns.
2) Nutrition Management: use quick-acting composite fertilizer 0.5-1.0Kg, the nitrogen in the quick-acting composite fertilizers, phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 25% ± 5%.
5, colour-change period
1) water management: respectively join an irrigate band in both sides viny and pour water, a lateral irrigation water, a side is not poured water, and alternately pours water every 10～14 days, and both sides are done to wet and are carried out the irrigation quantity 15Kg of each individual plant one side by turns.
2) Nutrition Management: Shaoshi or do not apply fertilizer after colour-change period.Behind the fruit harvesting, the annual benefit executed the soya-bean cake 2Kg/ strain of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
6, burying soil survives the winter
To lead after the pruning and climingly draw the winter protection ditch in, and cover the thick soil layer winter protection of 50cm and survive the winter together with bearing basal shoot.
Claims (1)
1, the grape method for planting in area, a kind of arid Desert of Gobi is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) plantation: in the desert or the Gobi desert beach excavate the soil burial winter protection ditch of surviving the winter of wide 145-155cm, dark 40-45cm with the spacing of 4-6m, dig wide 75cm in the central authorities of winter protection bottom of trench again, the planting furrow of dark 60cm, the PVC plastic foil that thickness is 0.10-0.15mm is spread in bottom of trench and two side at planting furrow, insert thick coarse sand of 10cm or chad to the bottom of trench of planting furrow, fill up planting furrow with the clay fertilizer mixture then, the content of organic matter of clay fertilizer mixture will surpass 10%, total nitrogen content is lower than 2%, eats kind treelet or wine brewing kind treelet raw according to the spacing of the 1.0m grape of planting;
2) water management: respectively join an irrigate band in both sides viny and pour water, bud phase to young sprout fast growing period is fully poured water, enter fruit expanding period after, one lateral irrigation water, a side is not poured water, and alternately pours water every 14 days, both sides are done to wet and are carried out the irrigation quantity 15Kg of each individual plant one side by turns;
3) nutrition supply: individual plant is used quick-acting composite fertilizer 2Kg every year, and wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium respectively account for 25% ± 5%, concentrates on the young sprout fast growing period and uses, Shaoshi or do not execute after colour-change period; Behind the fruit harvesting, the annual benefit executed the soya-bean cake 2Kg/ strain of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
4) tree-like and pruning: adopt pony set tree-like, stay a young sprout to cultivate after the germination as main climing preparation young sprout, should lead the upright pillar traction of climing preparation young sprout, make itself and ground in angle of 45 degrees, its projection line with the row to be 45 the degree angles, 50cm is with regard to pinching for the every prolongation of main climing preparation young sprout, inspires sublateral shoot, and last sublateral shoot stays the pinching of 3-4 sheet leaf to cultivate into bearing basal shoot without exception, bearing basal shoot prolongs the tip and stays 2 leaf pinching without exception, prolongs the tip three tips in addition and erases without exception; Bearing basal shoot main on climing to give birth to density be 30cm both sides apportions at interval, bearing basal shoot adopts two branch updating methods of short-and-medium tip combination to prune, stay 1-2 bud cutting back to inspire the renewal young sprout near main climing bearing basal shoot, stay 4-6 bud cutting back, cultivation results branch away from main climing bearing basal shoot;
5) burying soil survives the winter: will lead after the pruning and climingly draw the winter protection ditch in together with bearing basal shoot, and cover the thick soil layer winter protection of 50cm and survive the winter.
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| CNA2007100444869A CN101099441A (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2007-08-02 | Method for culturing grape in arid Gobi desert area |
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| CN101584292B (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2011-01-26 | 石曙光 | Planting technology of wine grapes |
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