CN108293347A - The method for improveing soil - Google Patents
The method for improveing soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for improvement soil, which is the vacated and returned ground of building or river shoal sand ground, and this method is to soil application sludge fertilizer.Thus, maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and the capillary moisture capacity of modified soil can be significantly improved, increases soil porosity, and increase the mass fraction of the available nitrogen of soil, available phosphorus and available potassium, thus, it is possible to effectively realize the soil improvement to building vacated and returned and river shoal sand ground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, and in particular to the method for improveing soil.
Background technology
The vacated and returned ground of building and river shoal sand ground, are two kinds of ground that soil site condition is worst in plains region (such as Beijing)
Class.Soil is the basis of plant life and development, but as socio-economic development is rapid, city constantly expands construction, all kinds of
Construction project is more and more, and the quantity on vacated and returned ground is built in city also in rapid growth.Building is dealt with improperly vacated and returnedly, serious wave
Rare land resource is taken, therefore while urban development is with environment is focused on, how to be effectively treated and utilize and is more and more
The vacated and returned ground resource of building, have become government agencies at all levels and afforest the important topic that unit is faced.And river shoal is husky
Effective improvement of ground soil recycles soil, environmental protection and livehood economy are also significant.
Thus, current improvement soil especially builds vacated and returned ground and the method for river shoal sand ground still needs further to be studied.
Invention content
The present invention is directed at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.For this purpose, one object of the present invention
It is to propose that a kind of can effectively improve builds the means with river shoal sand ground vacated and returnedly.
The present invention is following inventive concept and work completion based on inventor：
With city dilatation and distributing adjustment, many chemical plant, insecticide factory, steel plant adjourn farther suburb from urban district.
On soil where they are original, residential neighborhoods, Commercial Area, public utility or Recreational places have mostly been created.
Although enterprise moves, the influence polluted over the years still remains.Smelter is often heavy to the pollution of soil reclamation
Metallic pollution, chemical enterprise are then that the proportion of organic pollution is bigger, and some chemical enterprise Pollution by Chemicals are deep into underground
Several meters.Industrial pollution and traffic pollution etc. cause natural soils gradually to be replaced by urban soil.Urban soil is as plant growth
Carrier, the characteristic for also producing oneself gradually：Soil layer is relatively thin, unit weight is big, porosity is small, heavy metal pollution is serious etc..People
Various wastes are generated for activity, repeatedly the unordered intrusion soil body and underground construction stir soil over a long period of time, destroy and represent soil
The native soil surface layer of earth fertility or humus layer are formed without level, irregular soil construction.Lead to the structure of different soil.Matter
Ground.The significant difference of the content of organic matter, pH, unit weight and associated aeration, drainage, water-holding capacity and fertility state.This
It is enough to illustrate that huge variation has occurred in urban soil, and these variations will be greatly reduced soil quality, influence to plant on the ground
Object is grown, or even influences the quality of entire environment.
Soil is the crude media of plant growth.Soil fertility is the essence of soil, is soil in growth and development of plants mistake
The ability of the necessary moisture of plant, nutrient, air, heat and other living conditions is continuing to supply and coordinated in journey.Soil fertility
Height merely depend on soil itself property, additionally depend on the coordination and balanced action of various ecological factors.City soil
The earth content of organic matter is low, while artificial and machinery outer force effect makes soil be extruded, and soil density is caused to improve.It is artificial living
It is dynamic to will produce various wastes, it is unordered, multiple, invade the soil body for a long time, native soil surface layer or humus layer are destroyed, is formed random
Rule, the soilo stucture of no level.Cause different soil water-holding capacity, aeration, drainage and fertility state and structure, unit weight,
PH, quality, the content of organic matter etc. are significantly different.The dry branches and fallen leaves that the ornamental plant in city generates largely all is carried away or burns
Fall so that urban soil cannot as the natural soils of forest zone Nutrient Cycling, finally return to the ancestral home.It is substantially nonnutritive in urban soil
In the case of supplement, there is a large amount of intrusive body to occupy certain soil body, leads to the soil deficiency plant growth for plant growth
It is required, reduce aqueous vapor and nutrient content in soil.Plant will draw nutrient from very limited Vegetation space every year,
This grown on soil will necessarily keep urban soil more and more barrenr.
Root system of plant is survived under the conditions of closely knit urban soil, and physiological activity reduces and short life, occurs rotten and dead
Root, aerial part cannot get enough moisture and nutrient, and spike top and Jiao Ye is presented, in this way, growing way decreases year after year until withered
Extremely.Four kinds or more the necessary nutrients that plant needs, it is most of to be supplied by soil.Root system of plant is drawn from soil is dissolved in water
In inorganic salts be the activator to form plant chlorophyll, the basic substance of various enzymes and pigment and light and effect, especially
Photosynthetic progress can be hindered by being low nitrogen.The deficient of urban soil nutrient lacks, and the carbon increment of urban plant is made to be greatly reduced,
In addition the factors such as aeration difference and moisture scarcity, keep urban plant low compared with the similar plant growth amount in suburb, the service life is also corresponding
Shorten.
As social economy rapidly develops, city size constantly expands, and all kinds of construction projects are more and more, built in city
The quantity on vacated and returned ground is also in rapid growth.It is mixed with a large amount of pipelines and underground structure and slag gravel etc. in building vacated and returned ground soil,
The space of underground is occupied, the soil water, heat, gas, nutrient situation and three-phase of soil composition and distribution of pores are changed.
Building is dealt with improperly vacated and returnedly, the rare land resource of serious waste, therefore in urban development and emphasis environment
While, it how to be effectively treated and utilized more and more building vacated and returned ground resource, has become government agencies at all levels and greening
The important topic that unit is faced.
And river shoal Sandy Soil can not planting plants, also belong to the soil types of land occupation condition difference, how it carried out
Improvement realizes that soil recycles, significant for environmental protection and livehood economy.
In turn, to carry out Plain afforestation, the science and technology support paces of million mu of afforestation projects of BEIJING PLAIN is especially to speed up, are sent out
A person of good sense starts in terms of the influence of soil improvement, plant growth and the surrival rate of afforestation and storage rate, passes through integrated and field trial
The mode being combined forms the New technical use system for being suitble to Plain afforestation, and for the actual demand of Plain afforestation, for north
Building in the Difficult site condition of four kinds of capital plains region is vacated and returnedly and sand ground two kinds of ground class soil site conditions in river shoal are poor shows
Shape, using biology-physical-chemical method, using contrast test, using soil improvement material (garden waste matrix, biology soil
Earth organic fertilizer) Integrated Development soil improvement technology.Finally, inventor is by crop field fertilizer test, have studied the vacated and returned ground of building and
The water capacity of river shoal sand ground 0-20cm and 20-40cm different soil, porosity, nutrition condition, it is determined that most suitable to apply
Fertile scheme.
Specifically, experiment is directed to building with vacating and returning ground ground class and river shoal sand ground class respectively, according to addition biological organic fertilizer
(Y), the various combination of fertile (W) the three kinds of fertilizer of the decomposed object of garden waste (F), sludge, setting control and 7 kinds of Fertilizer Combinations (CK,
Y、F、W、YF、YW、FW、YFW)；The control that do not applied fertilizer according to the gradient setting of addition sludge fertilizer amount and 7 sludge fertilizer fertilizer gradients
(0g·kg-1、28.6g·kg-1、42.9g·kg-1、57.2g·kg-1、71.4g·kg-1、85.7g·kg-1、100g·kg-1、
114.3g·kg-1).Conclusion is as follows：
Experimental study shows：(1) it is best to build vacated and returned land soil applying sludge fertilizer efficiency fruit；(2) sludge is applied
Effective dose of fertilizer improvement building vacated and returned ground soil is 42.9g/kg-85.7g/kg, and wherein optimum fertilizing amount is 42.9g/kg；
(3) river shoal Sandy Soil improvement applying sludge fertilizer efficiency fruit is best；(4) effective fertilising of sludge fertilizer improvement river shoal Sandy Soil is applied
Amount is 28.6g/kg-100g/kg, and wherein optimum fertilizing amount is 100g/kg.
As a result, in one aspect of the invention, a kind of method of improvement soil is inventor provided, the soil is building
Vacated and returned ground or river shoal sand ground.According to an embodiment of the invention, this method is to soil application sludge fertilizer.Thereby, it is possible to aobvious
Maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and the capillary moisture capacity for improving and being modified soil are write, increases soil porosity, and increase soil
Available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium mass fraction, thus, it is possible to effectively realize the soil to building vacated and returned and river shoal sand ground
Earth is improved, and the soil after improvement can be used in planting technique.Thus, method of the invention, for urban environmental protection, the people's livelihood, economy
It is of great importance.
Wherein, it should be noted that term " sludge fertilizer " used herein is sludge, is that sewage treatment plant exists
Solid-state, semisolid and the liquid waste generated in sewage disposal process.In fresh sludge in addition to the moisture containing 80%, also contain
It is abundant can be by elements and various trace elements and soil conditioner and organic corruption such as nitrogen, phosphorus that plant growth utilizes
Grow matter.Air-dry sludge in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium average content be 47.1%, 4.1%, 2.1% and 1.1%, significantly larger than
Cattle and sheep excrement, it is almost equal with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content (4.6%, 2.5%, 1.4%) in rape cake.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the soil is building vacated and returned ground, according to the ratio of 42.9g/kg-85.7g/kg
Example is to soil application sludge fertilizer.Preferably, some specific examples according to the present invention, according to the ratio of 42.9g/kg to institute
State soil application sludge fertilizer.
According to an embodiment of the invention, when the soil is river shoal sand ground, according to the ratio of 28.6g/kg-100g/kg,
To soil application sludge fertilizer.Preferably, some specific examples according to the present invention, according to the ratio of 100g/kg, to described
Soil application sludge fertilizer.
Inventor further study show that, by landfill method by municipal drainage sludge for building vacated and returned and river shoal sand ground
Soil improvement specifically sludge is embedded at soil shallow surface to be improved (apart from about 5 centimetres of earth's surface longitudinal direction depth), and
Original soil is covered, the generation and curing of depth of humus layer can be accelerated, reconstructs the topsoil soils for being suitble to plant growth.Also, it should
The equipment that method needs is few, and consume energy low, at low cost, environmental protection and economy, easy to spread.
Thus, according to an embodiment of the invention, using landfill method to soil application sludge fertilizer.Thereby, it is possible to accelerate
The generation and curing of depth of humus layer are conducive to the topsoil soils that suitable plant growth is reconfigured quickly.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method includes：The soil surface on pending ground is longitudinally excavated to pre-
Then sludge fertilizer is embedded to, then covers original soil by depthkeeping degree.Easily operated as a result, energy consumption is low, facilitates popularization.
Some specific examples according to the present invention, the predetermined depth are 5 centimetres.
The additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partly become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Specific implementation mode
The solution of the present invention is explained below in conjunction with embodiment.It will be understood to those of skill in the art that following
Embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.Particular technique or item are not specified in embodiment
Part, it is carried out according to technology or condition described in document in the art or according to product description.Agents useful for same or instrument
Production firm person is not specified in device, and being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Embodiment 1
Inventor is directed to building with vacating and returning ground ground class and river shoal sand ground class respectively, according to addition biological organic fertilizer (Y), gardens
The various combination of fertile (W) the three kinds of fertilizer of the decomposed object of waste (F), sludge, setting control and 7 kinds of Fertilizer Combinations (CK, Y, F, W,
YF、YW、FW、YFW)；The control that do not applied fertilizer according to the gradient setting of addition sludge fertilizer amount and 7 sludge fertilizer fertilizer gradient (0g
kg-1、28.6g·kg-1、42.8g·kg-1、57.1g·kg-1、71.4g·kg-1、85.7g·kg-1、100g·kg-1、
114.3g·kg-1), to determine the preferred plan of for building vacated and returned ground ground class and river shoal sand ground the soil improvement of class, tool
Body is as follows：
1, experimental field overview and research method
1.1 experimental field overview and test materials
1.1.1 with vacating and returning ground field experiment overview is built in Fengtai
Experimental field it is located at the big tile kiln village in Fengtai District, Beijing City, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, average temperature of the whole year
12℃.Reproducing area class is the vacated and returned ground of building, and land occupation condition is poor, and ground construction waste is exposed, soil density 1.4gcm-3,
Quick-acting nitrogen contents are 19mgkg-1, available phosphorus mass fraction is 12.8mgkg-1, available potassium mass fraction is
307mg·kg-1, soil nutrient mass fraction is generally in extremely low level.
1.1.2 with going in a big way river shoal sand ground field experiment overview
Experimental field it is located at by the big Yongdinghe River in the villages Xi great Ying of the Daxing district, Beijing, China villages and small towns Bei Zang, belongs to Plain.Testing seeds is
Elm is transplanted in spring in 2013, sets high 6-8m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 7-9cm, and arboreal growth is in good condition.Reproducing area class is river shoal sand ground,
Land occupation condition is poor, and desertify serious, soil density 1.4gkg on ground-1, quick-acting nitrogen contents are 0.48mgkg-1, effectively
Phosphorus mass fraction is 1.22mgkg-1, available potassium mass fraction is 12.16mgkg-1, soil nutrient mass fraction integrally locates
It is very low in extremely low level, especially quick-acting potassium content.
1.1.3 test material
(1) biological soil organic fertilizer：Select the kind cultivated board biological organic of kind cultivated protozoa development in science and technology Co., Ltd production
Fertilizer soil conditioner.(2) the decomposed object of waste is fostered in gardens：The decomposed object of waste is fostered to select southern exposure garden waste in gardens
Dissolve the afforestation utilization of waste as resource Soil improvement matrix of base production.(3) sludge, that is, sewage treatment plant is in sewage
Solid-state, semisolid and the liquid waste generated in processing procedure；(4) seeds used in field experiment are Chinese pine (Pinus
Tabulaeformis), locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia), leaflet elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq).
1.2 research method
1.2.1 experimental design
Test design method designs for randomized block experiment, and there are four parts altogether.
First part's Fengtai regional architecture mixes fertilizer test vacated and returnedly：Control group does not apply fertilizer.Processing 1 is organic only to apply
Fertilizer.Processing 2 covers to only use the decomposed object of garden waste.Processing 3 is applying sludge fertilizer.Processing 4 for application of organic fertilizers dirt and
Sludge fertilizer.Processing 5 is application of organic fertilizers and the covering decomposed object of garden waste.Processing 6 is applying sludge fertilizer and garden waste
Decomposed object.Processing 7 is applying sludge fertilizer, organic fertilizer and the decomposed object of garden waste.9 repetitions are arranged in each processing field experiment
Trees are divided into three district's groups.Field experimental design is as follows, and each cell requires random alignment.
District's groups one：
| Processing 4 | Processing 1 | Processing 5 | Processing 3 | Processing 2 | Processing 7 | Control | Processing 6 |
District's groups two：
| Control | Processing 2 | Processing 7 | Processing 1 | Processing 5 | Processing 3 | Processing 6 | Processing 4 |
District's groups three：
| Processing 3 | Processing 5 | Control | Processing 7 | Processing 1 | Processing 2 | Processing 4 | Processing 6 |
Second part Fengtai regional architecture vacated and returned ground sludge fertilizer gradient fertilizer test：Control group applies sludge fertilizer 0gkg-1、
Processing 1 applies sludge fertilizer 28.6gkg-1, processing 2 apply sludge fertilizer 42.9gkg-1, processing 3 apply sludge fertilizer 57.2gkg-1, processing 4 apply sludge fertilizer 71.4gkg-1, processing 5 apply sludge fertilizer 85.7gkg-1, processing 6 apply sludge fertilizer 100g
kg-1, processing 7 apply sludge fertilizer 114.3gkg-1.9 repetition trees are arranged in each processing field experiment, are divided into three district's groups.
Field experimental design is as follows, and each cell requires random alignment.
District's groups one：
| Processing 1 | Processing 4 | Processing 3 | Processing 6 | Processing 2 | Processing 7 | Processing 5 | Control |
District's groups two：
| Processing 4 | Processing 3 | Processing 6 | Processing 5 | Processing 2 | Processing 7 | Control | Processing 1 |
District's groups three：
| Control | Processing 5 | Processing 2 | Processing 6 | Processing 1 | Processing 4 | Processing 7 | Processing 3 |
Part III Daxing County Area river shoal sand ground mixing fertilizer test：Control group does not apply fertilizer.Processing 1 is an organic fertilizer.
Processing 2 covers to only use the decomposed object of garden waste.Processing 3 is applying sludge fertilizer.Processing 4 is application of organic fertilizers and sludge
Fertilizer.Processing 5 is application of organic fertilizers and the covering decomposed object of garden waste.Processing 6 is decomposed for applying sludge fertilizer and garden waste
Object.Processing 7 is applying sludge fertilizer, organic fertilizer and the decomposed object of garden waste.Each processing field experiment is arranged 30 repetitions and sets
Wood is divided into three district's groups.Field experimental design is as follows, and each cell requires random alignment.
District's groups one：
| Processing 6 | Processing 5 | Processing 3 | Control | Processing 2 | Processing 7 | Processing 4 | Processing 1 |
District's groups two：
| Processing 7 | Processing 3 | Processing 2 | Processing 1 | Processing 6 | Processing 5 | Processing 4 | Control |
District's groups three：
| Processing 3 | Processing 5 | Processing 2 | Processing 6 | Processing 1 | Control | Processing 7 | Processing 4 |
Part IV Daxing County Area river shoal sand ground sludge fertilizer gradient fertilizer test：Control group applies sludge fertilizer 0gkg-1, place
Reason 1 applies sludge fertilizer 28.6gkg-1, processing 2 apply sludge fertilizer 42.9gkg-1, processing 3 apply sludge fertilizer 57.2gkg-1、
Processing 4 applies sludge fertilizer 71.4gkg-1, processing 5 apply sludge fertilizer 85.7gkg-1, processing 6 apply sludge fertilizer 100gkg-1, processing 7 apply sludge fertilizer 114.3gkg-1.30 repetition trees are arranged in each processing field experiment, are divided into three district's groups.
Field experimental design is as follows, and each cell requires random alignment.
District's groups one：
| Processing 1 | Processing 4 | Processing 3 | Processing 5 | Processing 2 | Processing 7 | Control | Processing 6 |
District's groups two：
| Control | Processing 3 | Processing 6 | Processing 7 | Processing 2 | Processing 5 | Processing 4 | Processing 1 |
District's groups three：
| Processing 3 | Processing 5 | Processing 2 | Processing 6 | Processing 1 | Control | Processing 7 | Processing 4 |
Wherein, for each processing of each section experiment, fertilizing method is：Will processing sample the earth's surface longitudinally excavate to
5cm is deep, is then embedded to fertilizer, then cover original soil.
1.2.2 physical index assay method
Soil be moisture storage or saving main place, soil moisture storage or saving amount and storage or saving mode by its impact on physical properties very
Greatly.And the soil texture, soil texture, the soil weight directly affect the water storage performance of soil, soil porosity directly affects soil
Aeration and permeance property, non-capillary pores degree is an important factor for determining storage capacity, is to influence soil water source
The principal element of self-restraint and water and soil conservation function.The quality (including quality and constructional aspect) of soil physical properties directly influences
The productive potentialities in forest land.
Cutting ring Stratified Sampling, each processing is used to randomly select 3 trees, each tree 30cm around tree in each test plot
3 soil slope surfaces are dug downwards in the position of left and right, and depth divides upper layer and lower layer about in 50cm or so, upper layer apart from soil surface 0~
20cm, lower layer respectively take cutting ring three times apart from 20~40cm of soil surface, each level around trees, use skin hammer, cutting ring handle
Numbered sampling spoon level is squeezed into corresponding sample point respectively.Take out cutting ring undisturbed soil sample：Soil layer will be squeezed into native knife is cut
Cutting ring on the outside of cut flat with, cover no port lid, peel off around cutting ring native, cut out soil on the inside of cutting ring mouth more, take out cutting ring, cut flat with cutting ring
Mouthful, port lid is covered, wiped clean is packed into cutting ring box.Write sampling position, level, cutting ring number, date collected time, sampling people exactly
Deng.It is put into preserve in flight data recorder after taking and take back.
The soil weight is surveyed in the lab；Total porosity, capillary porosity and noncapillary poropsity；Soil maximum water holding
Amount, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity.Specific practice is：By the aluminium box of the original-state soil sample acquired equipped with field cutting ring
It numbers, weigh and record.There is port lid one to be put into Flat bottom container upwards downwards, without port lid one side, slowly adds water, keep water
Face is lower 1mm~2mm than cutting ring upper limb, impregnates for 24 hours.By equipped with the undisturbed soil sample cutting ring being fully saturated through moisture from soaking container
It takes out, top capping, removing bottom has hole lid, this cutting ring is placed on the cutting ring equipped with air-dried sample for being stamped filter paper, will
Upper and lower two cutting ring edges docking is neat and is compacted with 2kg left and right weight plates, keeps its contact close.By 8h moisture infitration processes
Afterwards, each cutting ring upper layer soil sample 20g~30g is taken, is put into the numbered aluminium box of constant weight, and weigh immediately：Record aluminium box+wet soil
Weight.After aluminium box+wet soil is weighed, aluminium box cover is opened.It is put into constant temperature oven, closes and dry chamber door, 105 DEG C of set temperature, if
Determine drying time 12h (soil sample constant weight).After drying to constant weight for soil sample (12h), taking-up is put into drier and is cooled to room temperature.
Maximum water-holding capacity calculation formula is calculated according to formula：X=(m1-m2)/(m2-m0) × 100
In formula：
X-maximum water holding capacity (%)；
M0-drying sky aluminium box quality, unit：g；
Aluminium box+wet quality of soil sample, unit before m1-drying：g；
Aluminium box+dry soil samples quality, unit after m2-drying：g；
1.2.3 chemical index assay method
Soil nutrient is the important indicator for reflecting soil fertility, grasps the soil nutrient elements changes of contents feelings of soil improvement
Condition is to promoting good nutrient cycle and safeguarding that PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL is of great significance.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are three big nutrients.N is former
The main component of raw matter.P plays an important role in the metabolic process of carbohydrate, is the basic of nucleoprotein, nucleic acid and phosphatide
Ingredient has important role during phosphorylation, photosynthesis, the synthesis of carbohydrate and decomposition etc..K is direct
Metabolism is influenced, has important role to the conveying of carbohydrate.
Each processing randomly selects 3 trees, and 3 soil slope surfaces are dug downwards in the position of each tree 30cm or so around tree,
Depth divides upper layer and lower layer about in 50cm or so, upper layer apart from 0~20cm of soil surface, lower layer apart from soil surface 20~
40cm, each level fetch earth 1kg or so, and soil sample is sealed in valve bag and takes back laboratory.
The scattered earth sample fetched from field takes out sundries, is spread out on smooth platform, be placed in laboratory ventilation from
So air-dry.Soil sample is stirred in air drying process and pulverizes large clod to accelerate to air-dry, while rejecting the intrusive body other than soil.Soil
Sample after about 3~5 days air-dry, by soil sample after grinding is ground, disappear boiling, obtains the boil liquid that disappears after sieving by 0.2mm naturally,
Reuse Continuous Flow Analysis instrument measure available nitrogen, available phosphorus content, reapply flame photometer measurement disappear boil liquid obtain it is quick-acting
The content of potassium.
1.2.4 seedling morphological indexes assay method
To the Flos micheliae Albae nursery stock tape measure height of seedling of potting in greenhouse, unit is centimetre.With vernier caliper measurement ground diameter,
Unit is millimeter.Survival rate computational methods use counting method, that is, count the nursery stock quantity survived, then divided by total transplanted plantlet number
Amount.
1.2.5 data processing method
Use excel2007 and statistic software SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Sciences)
18.0 Chinese editions carry out analyzing processing to the data being collected into.
2, Fengtai regional architecture mixes fertilizer test vacated and returnedly
2.1 field experiment physical properties are analyzed
2.1.1 influence of the different disposal to the soil weight and porosity
Soil be moisture storage or saving main place, soil moisture storage or saving amount and storage or saving mode by its impact on physical properties very
Greatly.And the soil weight directly affects the water storage performance of soil.
Each processing, which is can be seen that, by the analysis of the unit weight mean value to table 1 shows as processing 2>Processing 1>Processing 7>Processing 4
>Processing 5>Processing 6>Control>Processing 3.It is minimum to handle 3 applying sludge fertilizer, only 1.226gcm-3.Building vacated and returned ground soil
It is compacted, it is more containing construction material, be not suitable for plant growth.Applying sludge fertilizer can reduce the soil weight to the greatest extent,
Play the role of chesson, so applying sludge fertilizer is best fertilizer applications for building and vacating and returning aerial layer soil.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to upper layer of soil porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Soil porosity directly affects the aeration and permeance property of soil, and non-capillary pores degree is to determine soil storage
An important factor for water is the principal element for influencing soil water conservation and water and soil conservation function.As shown in Table 1, in topsoil
In earth non-hollow billet voidage respectively processing with compare no significant difference.Maximum be processing 3 is 8.8%, and minimum is that processing 2 is
5.4%.
Capillary pore processing 3 and 5 highests of processing, respectively higher than compare 2.8% and 2%, and two processing compared with the control,
Difference significantly (P<0.05 is horizontal).Processing 1 is less than control 3.6%, processing 2 less than control 0.5%.Total pore space processing 3 is higher than
Control 6%, significant difference (P<0.05 is horizontal), remaining each processing is not notable with contrast difference.The result shows that 3 applications of processing are dirty
Sludge is best for increasing the effect of upper layer of soil porosity.
Processing 1 is can be seen that by the analysis of the unit weight mean value to table 2 to be significantly increased compared with the control with processing 3
(P<0.05 is horizontal).Remaining processing shows as processing 3>Processing 1>Processing 2>Processing 5>Processing 7>4 control of processing>Processing 6.Processing
1 has the effect for increasing unit weight with organic fertilizer.Sludge fertilizer is administered simultaneously for processing 6 and the decomposed object of garden waste is minimum, only
1.358g·cm-3, so sludge fertilizer and the decomposed object of garden waste, which is administered simultaneously, for building vacates and returns subterranean layer soil is
Best fertilizer applications.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to lower soil porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
As shown in Table 2, in lower soil non-hollow billet voidage respectively processing with compare no significant difference (P<0.05 water
It is flat).Capillary porosity is compared it is found that 6 highests of processing, processing 6 are higher than control 1.6%, and significant difference (P<0.05 is horizontal).Place
It manages 1 minimum, less than control 3.1%, 4.7% is differed with highest processing 6.Less than control 2.9%, difference is aobvious for total pore space processing 3
Write (P<0.05 is horizontal), remaining each processing is not notable with contrast difference.The result shows that processing 6 is for increasing lower soil porosity
There is increasing action.
The data of comparison levels soil can be seen that the implementation of each processing, soil physical properties be improved best
It is processing 3, i.e., the decomposed object of application garden waste can increase topsoil porosity, lower layer's porosity be reduced, for shallow
The plant of root system can only use the decomposed object covering of garden waste, and it is useless that gardens cannot be then only used for the plant of deep root system
The decomposed object covering of gurry.
2.1.2 influence of the different disposal to water-holding capacity
The quality of water capacity property directly influences the productive potentialities in forest land.As shown in Table 3, processing 3 can be notable
Upper layer maximum water-holding capacity is improved, other processing and control (P are significantly higher than<0.05 is horizontal).Substantially show processing 3>Control>Place
Reason 5>Processing 6>Processing 4>Processing 7>Processing 1>Processing 2.
In upper layer of soil, the improvement for handling 3 pairs of soil least water-holding capacities is best, is 13.09%, other processing are equal
Less than control group.
Capillary moisture capacity handles 3 highests, is 30.09%, higher than control 3.53%.Minimum is processing 1, is 21%, with
3 difference 9.09% of highest processing.
By Multiple range test analysis as can be seen that maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity are processing 3
It is exactly an applying sludge fertilizer highest, maximum water-holding capacity is higher than control 6.44%, and least water-holding capacity higher than control 1.79%, hold by hollow billet
Water higher than control 3.53%, and with other processing differences significantly (P<0.05 is horizontal).
Influence of 3 different disposal of table to upper layer water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity processing 1, processing 2, processing 7 three groups of processing it is relatively low, less than pair
According to about 5%, illustrate independent application of organic fertilizers or the covering decomposed object of garden waste for increasing maximum water-holding capacity effect unobvious,
Three kinds of effect of fertilizer are administered simultaneously and also have negative effect.
As shown in Table 4, it is all aobvious can to significantly improve lower layer's maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity for processing 6
It writes higher than other processing and control group.Substantially show processing 6>Processing 7>Processing 4>Control>Processing 5>Processing 3>Processing 2>Place
Reason 1.In lower soil, the improvement for handling 6 pairs of water capacities is best.
Influence of 4 different disposal of table to lower soil water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
By Multiple range test analysis as can be seen that maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity are processing 6
It is exactly application of organic fertilizers and the covering decomposed object highest of garden waste, maximum water-holding capacity is higher than control 2.15%, least water-holding capacity
Higher than control 3.99%, capillary moisture capacity is higher than control 1.45%, and significant difference (P<0.05 is horizontal).Maximum water-holding capacity, most
Small water-holding capacity and 5 four groups of capillary moisture capacity processing 1, processing 2, processing 3, processing processing are relatively low, wherein processing 3 is less than control
3.8%.Capillary moisture capacity is significantly outer with contrast difference with other processing except processing 6, and difference is not notable between other are handled.
2.2 field experiment chemistry analysis
By can be seen that processing 1, processing 3, processing 4, processing 5,7 available nitrogens of processing to 5 upper layer of soil nutrient content of table
Mass fraction is than compareing (the P that is significantly increased<0.05 is horizontal), wherein it is best to handle 3 effects, 125mgkg is higher by than control-1。
Each processing shows as processing 3>Processing 4>Processing 1>Processing 5>Processing 7>Processing 6>Processing 2>Control.Processing 4 is higher than compareing
89mg·kg-1, processing 1 is higher 77mgkg than control-1, processing 5 is higher 72mgkg than control-1, it is higher than compareing to handle 7
60mg·kg-1.From effect, available nitrogen most effective fruit of the 3 applying sludge fertilizer of processing for increase upper layer of soil.
Processing and contrast difference be not notable between each processing of the mass fraction of available phosphorus and respectively in upper layer of soil nutrient content
(P<0.05 is horizontal).5 highests are wherein handled, are 15.4mgkg-1, than compareing high 2.6mgkg-1.Processing 2, processing 4, place
Reason 5 is improved with processing 7 than compareing.Handle 1 minimum, only 11.7mgkg-1, than compareing low 1.1mgkg-1。
Pass through the mass fraction of Multiple range test upper layer of soil nutrient content effective K, speed of the processing 1 with processing 3 than compareing
Effect potassium mass fraction is significantly increased (P<0.05 is horizontal), 3 highests are handled, 398.6mgkg has been reached-1, higher than compareing
91.6mg·kg-1, processing 1 is 379.8mgkg-1, than compareing high 72.8mgkg-1.Remaining processing is not shown with contrast difference
It writes.
Influence of 5 different disposal of table to upper layer of soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
In general, 3 applying sludge fertilizer of processing are best to raising upper layer of soil nutrient content effect, available nitrogen, available potassium
Content is obviously improved.
By can be seen that processing 2, processing 3, processing 4, processing 7 available nitrogen quality point to 6 lower soil nutrient content of table
Number is than compareing (the P that is significantly increased<0.05 is horizontal), wherein it is best to handle 3 effects, reach 137mgkg-1, it is higher by than control
99mg·kg-1, handle 7 and reached 130mgkg-1, than compareing high 92mgkg-1.Each processing shows as processing 3>Processing 7>
Processing 4>Processing 2>Processing 5>Control>Processing 1>Processing 6.The quick-acting nitrogen contents of processing 4 are 108mgkg-1, higher than compareing
70mg·kg-1, the quick-acting nitrogen contents for handling 2 are 97mgkg-1, than compareing high 59mgkg-1.From effect, due to processing
7 be that three kinds of fertilizer are all applied, although effect is only second to processing 3, economic effect is bad.In general 3 applying sludges are handled
Fertilizer is best for the available nitrogen effect for increasing lower soil.
Table 6 shows that the mass fraction processing 5 of available phosphorus in lower soil nutrient content is 15mgkg-1, higher than compareing
1mg·kg-1, handle between remaining each processing and respectively and contrast difference not significantly (P<0.05 is horizontal).Processing 3 with compare available phosphorus
Content is consistent, remaining each processing is declined than the available phosphorus content of control.
Pass through the mass fraction of Multiple range test lower soil nutrient content effective K, available potassium matter of the processing 3 than control
Amount score significantly improves (P<0.05 is horizontal), reach 398.5mgkg-1, than compareing high 120.3mgkg-1.Handling 1 is
362mg·kg-1, than compareing high 84mgkg-1.Processing 5 is 261.3mgkg-1, than compareing low 16.9mgkg-1.Its
Remaining processing and the not notable (P of contrast difference<0.05 is horizontal).
Influence of 6 different disposal of table to lower soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
In general, 3 applying sludge fertilizer of processing are best to raising lower soil nutrient content effect, available nitrogen, available potassium
Content is obviously improved.Although 7 effects of processing are only second to processing 3, processing 7 is that three kinds of fertilizer are all applied, and economic effect is not
It is good.
All in all influence of each processing to soil nutrient, comparison levels can be seen that the upper layer of the available potassium of processing 3
Content differs very small with lower layer content.The available phosphorus content variation respectively handled is little, and the only processing 5 of lower layer is higher than compareing
1mg·kg-1.Available nitrogen upper layer diversity ratio lower layer is big, influence bigger of each processing for upper layer.
Consider soil physico-chemical property, 3 applying sludge fertilizer are handled in field experiment to improving soil in soil improvement
Earth physicochemical property effect is best.
3, Fengtai regional architecture vacated and returned ground sludge fertilizer gradient fertilizer test
3.1 field experiment physical properties are analyzed
3.1.1 influence of the different disposal to the soil weight and porosity
By the analysis of the unit weight mean value to table 7 can be seen that processing 5, processing 6, processing 7 higher than other processing, may
It is due to dose is excessive.Each processing shows as processing 7>Processing 6>Processing 5>Control>Processing 1>Processing 2>Processing 3>
Processing 4.Handle 4 minimum, only 1.218gcm-3, it is 1.471gcm with highest processing 7-3Differ 0.253gcm-3。
Influence of 7 different disposal of table to upper layer porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
As shown in Table 7, noncapillary poropsity processing 4 up to 9.84% in upper layer of soil, higher than control 4.32%.Place
5 minimum 5.11% are managed, less than control 0.41%.Capillary pore processing 2 up to 38.12%, processing 2 is higher than control
3.98%.5 minimum 28.22% are handled, less than control 5.92%.Total pore space handles 2 highests, higher than control 6.23%.Processing 5 is most
Low 33.33%, less than control 6.33%.The result shows that processing 2 has maximum facilitation for increasing upper layer of soil porosity.
The up to 1.495gcm of processing 5 is can be seen that by the analysis of the unit weight mean value to table 8-3.Each processing is shown as
Processing 5>Processing 3>Processing 7>Processing 6>Control>Processing 4>Processing 1>Processing 2.Handle 2 minimum, only 1.217gcm-3。
As shown in Table 8, in lower soil non-hollow billet voidage it is highest be processing 2 be 8.86%, it is 5.59% to compare,
Processing 2 is higher than control 3.27%.Each processing shows as processing 2>Processing 6>Processing 4>Processing 1>Processing 7>Control>Processing 5>Processing
3。
Capillary porosity handles 1 highest 36.12%, and it is 35.15% to compare, and higher than control 0.97%, difference is not shown for processing 1
Write (P<0.05 is horizontal).
Influence of 8 different disposal of table to lower layer's porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Total pore space handles 2 highests 43.73%, higher than control 2.99%.Each processing shows as processing 2>Processing 1>Processing 4>
Control>Processing 6>Processing 7>Processing 3>Processing 5.The result shows that processing 2 is best for increasing lower soil porosity effect.
3.1.2 influence of the different disposal to water-holding capacity
As shown in Table 9, processing 5, processing 6, processing 7 are substantially less than other processing and control (P<0.05 is horizontal).Substantially table
Reveal processing 2>Processing 3>Processing 4>Processing 1>Control>Processing 7>Processing 6>Processing 5.In upper layer of soil, at maximum water-holding capacity
Reason 3 is maximum, is 37.29%, and least water-holding capacity processing 1 is maximum, is 13.89%, and capillary moisture capacity processing 2 is maximum, is
30.78%.In general the improvement for handling 2 pairs of water capacities is best.
Influence of 9 different disposal of table to upper layer water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
The maximum water-holding capacity of processing 2 is higher than control 6.2%, and for least water-holding capacity higher than control 2.28%, capillary moisture capacity is high
In control 4.22%.Illustrate ideal per 3500g soil fertilizations 150g.
Maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity processing 5, processing 6, processing 7 three groups of processing it is relatively low, less than pair
According to about 5%, illustrate that excessive fertilization has negative interaction, cannot apply fertilizer more than 300g per 3500g soil.
Table 10 is it is found that processing 1 can significantly improve lower layer water-holding capacity (P with processing 2<0.05 is horizontal), including maximum water holding
Amount, least water-holding capacity, capillary moisture capacity are all significantly higher than other processing and control.It is best to handle 2 effects, maximum water-holding capacity is
35.94%, higher than control 6.21%, least water-holding capacity 12.81%, higher than control 5.56%, capillary moisture capacity is
28.66%, higher than control 3.01%.
In general, in lower soil, the improvement for handling 2 pairs of water capacities is best.Maximum water-holding capacity, minimum
Water-holding capacity and 7 three groups of capillary moisture capacity processing 3, processing 5, processing processing are relatively low, are below control.
Influence of 10 different disposal of table to lower soil water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Layer data can be seen that processing 2 pairs of increase topsoil porositys, lower layer's porosity all effects most up and down for comparison
It is good.
3.2 field experiment chemistry analysis
By can be seen that processing 3, processing 4,5 quick-acting nitrogen content ratios of processing to 11 upper layer of soil nutrient content of table
Compare (the P that is significantly increased<0.05 is horizontal), wherein handling the best 144mgkg of 3 effects-1, 125mgkg is higher by than control-1。
Each processing shows as processing 3>Processing 5>Processing 4>Processing 2>Processing 6>Processing 7>Processing 1>Control.Processing 4 is higher than compareing
79mg·kg-1, processing 5 is higher 91mgkg than control-1.From effect, available nitrogen of the processing 3 for increase upper layer of soil
Most effective fruit.
Processing and contrast difference be not notable between each processing of the mass fraction of available phosphorus and respectively in upper layer of soil nutrient content
(P<0.05 is horizontal).5 highests are wherein handled, are 13.6mgkg-1, than compareing high 1.8mgkg-1.Processing 2,4 ratio of processing
Control is improved.And handle 6 and 7 minimum, only 11.7mgkg of processing-1, than compareing low 1.1mgkg-1。
Pass through the mass fraction of Multiple range test upper layer of soil nutrient content effective K, speed of the processing 1 with processing 3 than compareing
Effect potassium mass fraction is significantly increased (P<0.05 is horizontal), 1 highest is handled, 401.8mgkg has been reached-1, higher than compareing
94.8mg·kg-1.Processing 3 is 398.6mgkg-1, than compareing high 91.6mgkg-1.Remaining processing is not shown with contrast difference
It writes.
Influence of 11 different disposal of table to upper layer of soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
In general, 3 pairs of raising upper layer of soil nutrient content effects of processing are best, and available nitrogen, quick-acting potassium content have bright
It is aobvious to be promoted.
By can be seen that processing 3, processing 4,6 quick-acting nitrogen content ratios of processing to 12 lower soil nutrient content of table
Compare (the P that is significantly increased<0.05 is horizontal).It is best that 3 effects are handled among these, have reached 137mgkg-1, it is higher by than control
99mg·kg-1, processing 4 is 115mgkg-1, than compareing high 77mgkg-1.Each processing shows as processing 3>Processing 4>Processing
6>Processing 2>Processing 5>Control=processing 7>Processing 1.
Influence of 12 different disposal of table to lower soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Table 12 shows the mass fraction of available phosphorus in lower soil nutrient content respectively between processing and each processing and contrast difference
Not significantly (P<0.05 is horizontal).Control is up to 14.1mgkg-1, handle 7 minimum 11.1mgkg-1.As a result substantially show
It is bad to the content effect for improving available phosphorus in soil to apply sludge fertilizer, and more available phosphorus contents that sludge fertilizer applies are more
Decline.
By the mass fraction of Multiple range test lower soil nutrient content effective K, each processing shows as processing 2>Processing
3>Processing 7>Processing 1>Processing 5>Processing 4>Processing 6>Control.Compare minimum 278.2mgkg-1.Processing 2 is up to
417.9mg·kg-1, than compareing high 139.7mgkg-1.Processing 3 is 398.5mgkg-1, than compareing high 120.3mg
kg-1。
In general, 3 pairs of raising lower soil nutrient content effects of processing are best, and available nitrogen, quick-acting potassium content have bright
It is aobvious to be promoted.Processing 2 is only second to processing 3.
Comparison levels can be seen that the upper layer content of the available potassium of processing 3 differs very small with lower layer content.Each processing
Available phosphorus content variation it is little.Available nitrogen upper layer diversity ratio lower layer is big, influence bigger of each processing for upper layer.
4, Daxing County Area river shoal sand ground mixing fertilizer test
4.1 field experiment physical properties are analyzed
4.1.1 influence of the different disposal to the soil weight and porosity
As shown in Table 13, sandy soil unit weight is higher, and control is higher than the unit weight that building compares vacated and returnedly, and unit weight is equal after fertilizer treatment
Declined.Maximum is control 1.41gcm-3, minimum is that processing 3 is 1.36gcm-3。
Influence of 13 different disposal of table to upper layer porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Non- hollow billet voidage processing 7 up to 5.59% in upper layer of soil, higher than control 1.52%.Capillary pore is handled
3 highests 41.61%, processing 3 is higher than control 8.04%.Total pore space handles 3 highests 45.93%, and higher than control 8.29%, difference is aobvious
Write (P<0.05 is horizontal).Processing 3 is maximum for increasing upper layer of soil porosity facilitation with processing 7.
Each processing and the not notable (P of contrast difference are can be seen that by the analysis of the unit weight mean value to table 14<0.05 is horizontal).
Maximum is to handle 1 as 1.55gcm-3, that minimum is control 1.41gcm-3。
Influence of 14 different disposal of table to lower layer's porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
As shown in Table 14, respectively processing is below control to non-hollow billet voidage in lower soil, and control is up to 4.7%,
Handle 7 minimum 2.66%.Capillary porosity is compared it is found that processing 5 up to 40.71%, processing 5 is higher than control 2.31%.
Total pore space processing 5 up to 44.51%, higher than control 1.41%, remaining each processing is below control.The result shows that 5 pairs of processing
It is improved effect in increasing lower soil porosity.
4.1.2 influence of the different disposal to water-holding capacity
As shown in Table 15, processing 3 can significantly improve upper layer of soil maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity, hollow billet water holding
Amount.Maximum water-holding capacity processing 3 preferably 33.84%, substantially shows processing 3>Processing 1>Processing 7>Processing 5>Processing 2>Processing 4
>Processing 6>Control.In upper layer of soil, handle 3 pairs of soil least water-holding capacities improvement it is best, be 26.73%, higher than pair
According to 8.54%.Capillary moisture capacity is also 3 highests of processing, is 30.66%, higher than control 8.69%.
Influence of 15 different disposal of table to upper layer water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
By Multiple range test analysis as can be seen that maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity are processing 3
It is exactly an applying sludge fertilizer highest.Respectively processing compares about in being above for maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity, says
The bright effect all having had for increasing maximum water-holding capacity regardless of which kind of Fertilizer Combinations.
As shown in Table 16, in lower soil, the maximum water-holding capacity for handling 5 is up to 30.95%, is not shown with contrast difference
Write (P<0.05 is horizontal).Handle 1 maximum water-holding capacity minimum 25.97%.It is up to 23.29% to handle 5 least water-holding capacities, is higher than
Control 0.56%.Handle 1 least water-holding capacity minimum 19.41%.Processing 5 capillary moisture capacity be up to 28.3%, higher than pair
According to 1.06%.Handle 1 capillary moisture capacity minimum 23.75%.
In general it is best that 5 pairs of maximum water holding capacities, least water-holding capacity, the improvement of capillary moisture capacity are handled, place
It is worst to manage 1 effect.
Analyzed by Multiple range test as can be seen that again in the sand ground of river shoal fertilising for increasing the maximum water-holding capacity, most of soil
Not notable (the P of small water-holding capacity, capillary moisture capacity effect<0.05 is horizontal).Processing 1 is substantially less than with processing 2 and compares.
Influence of 16 different disposal of table to lower soil water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Comparison up and down layer data can be seen that upper layer processing 3 with processing 7 for increase porosity effect it is best, at lower layer
Reason 5 is best for increasing porosity effect.
4.2 field experiment chemistry analysis
By can be seen that processing 2, processing 6,7 quick-acting nitrogen content ratios of processing to 17 upper layer of soil nutrient content of table
Compare (the P that is significantly increased<0.05 is horizontal), wherein it is preferably 98mgkg to handle 7 effects-1, 5mgkg is higher by than control-1。
Each processing shows as processing 7>Processing 2>Processing 6>Processing 3>Processing 4>Processing 5>Processing 1>Control.
Influence of 17 different disposal of table to upper layer of soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
The mass fraction of available phosphorus handles 4 highests in upper layer of soil nutrient content, is 16.2mgkg-1, higher than compareing
4mg·kg-1.Compare minimum, only 12.2mgkg-1, each processing, which is all higher than, to be compareed.Second it is high be processing 6 be 15.5mg
kg-1, higher than control 3.3mgkg-1。
Pass through the mass fraction of Multiple range test upper layer of soil nutrient content effective K, speed of the processing 5 with processing 6 than compareing
Effect potassium mass fraction is significantly increased (P<0.05 is horizontal), 6 highests are handled, 277mgkg has been reached-1, higher than compareing
155.4mg·kg-1, processing 5 is 251.2mgkg-1, than compareing high 129.6mgkg-1.Remaining processing also all be higher than pair
According to aggregate performance is processing 6>Processing 5>Processing 1>Processing 7>Processing 2>Processing 3>Processing 4>Control.
In general, 6 pairs of raising upper layer of soil nutrient content effects of processing are best, and available nitrogen, quick-acting potassium content have bright
It is aobvious to be promoted.
It is substantially less than control (P by can be seen that each processing available nitrogen mass fraction to 18 lower soil nutrient content of table
<0.05 is horizontal).The quick-acting nitrogen content highests of control are 73mgkg-1.It handles 2 minimum, is 24mgkg-1, than control
Low 49mgkg-1。
It is processing 2 that the mass fraction of available phosphorus is highest in the display lower soil nutrient content of table 18, is 18.4mgkg-1, than compareing high 4.2mgkg-1.Processing 1 is substantially less than with processing 4 and compare, handles between remaining each processing and respectively and contrast difference
Not significantly (P<0.05 is horizontal).Handle the minimum 10mgkg of mass fraction of 4 available phosphorus-1, than compareing low 4.2mg
kg-1。
By the mass fraction of Multiple range test lower soil nutrient content effective K, 5 highest 228.5mgkg are handled-1,
Than compareing high 11mgkg-1.Handle 4 minimum 138.5mgkg-1, than compareing low 79mgkg-1。
Influence of 18 different disposal of table to lower soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
In general, it applies fertilizer little to the effect of river shoal sand ground lower soil, less than control, some is higher than for most of processing
Compare effect also unobvious.The mass fraction of the only available phosphorus of processing 2 is significantly higher than control (P<0.05 is horizontal).
Comparison levels can be seen that 6 resultant effects of processing are best.Influence bigger of each processing for upper layer.
5, Daxing County Area river shoal sand ground sludge fertilizer gradient fertilizer test
5.1 field experiment physical properties are analyzed
5.1.1 influence of the different disposal to the soil weight and porosity
By between the analysis of the unit weight mean value of table 19 can be seen that each processing and compare, difference is not notable each processing,
Maximum is to handle 5 as 1.51gcm-3, minimum is that processing 7 is 1.34gcm-3, handle 5 and differ 0.18g with processing 7
cm-3。
Influence of 19 different disposal of table to upper layer porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
As shown in Table 19, non-hollow billet voidage handles 6 highests in upper layer of soil, is 5.15%, is significantly higher than its elsewhere
Reason and control (P<0.05 is horizontal), higher than control 2.4%.Capillary pore handles 6 highests 40.65%, higher than control 0.55%.Place
Manage it is 7 minimum, less than control 1.02%.Total pore space handles 6 highests 45.8%, higher than control 2.95%, the not notable (P of difference<0.05
It is horizontal).Processing 6 remarkably promotes effect for increasing upper layer of soil porosity.
Influence of 20 different disposal of table to lower layer's porosity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
Each processing difference not significantly (P is can be seen that by the analysis of the unit weight mean value to table 20<0.05 is horizontal).It is maximum
Be processing 1 be 1.51gcm-3, minimum is control and processing 7 is 1.39gcm-3。
As shown in Table 20, non-hollow billet voidage processing 7 up to 5.81% in lower soil, higher than control 2.09.It is right
Than capillary porosity it is found that the not notable (P of each processing difference<0.05 is horizontal).Total pore space compares highest 42.33%, and processing 1 is minimum
37.89%.The result shows that processing 7 or control are preferred plan.
5.1.2 influence of the different disposal to water-holding capacity
As shown in Table 21, processing 6 can improve upper layer maximum water-holding capacity, and the maximum water-holding capacity for handling 6 is 33.27%.Greatly
Cause shows processing 6>Control>Processing 7>Processing 2>Processing 1>Processing 4>Processing 5>Processing 3.The least water-holding capacity highest of processing 6
It is 25.21%.The capillary moisture capacity of processing 6 is also up to 29.53%.In upper layer of soil, 6 pairs of soil maximum water holdings are handled
Amount, least water-holding capacity, the improvement of capillary moisture capacity are best.
Influence of 21 different disposal of table to upper layer water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
By Multiple range test analysis as can be seen that maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity are processing 6
It is exactly an applying sludge fertilizer highest, maximum water-holding capacity is higher than control 2.63%, and least water-holding capacity higher than control 0.64%, hold by hollow billet
Water is higher than control 0.86%.
As shown in Table 22, each processing cannot improve lower layer's maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity, capillary moisture capacity, all be pair
According to higher than other processing.It is control 30.52% that maximum water-holding capacity is highest, second it is high be processing 7 be 29.12%, and compare
Difference 0.6%.Minimum is that processing 5 is 25.11%, and 5.41% is differed with control.It substantially shows to compare>Processing 7>Processing 6>
Processing 4>Processing 5>Processing 2>Processing 3>Processing 1.
Highest least water-holding capacity is control 23.26%, and minimum is that processing 1 is 19.16%, and processing 1 is differed with control
4.1%.
Highest capillary moisture capacity is control 27.84%, and minimum is that processing 1 is 23.65, and processing 1 is differed with control
4.19%.
Influence of 22 different disposal of table to lower soil water-holding capacity
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
From the point of view of comprehensive levels, each fertilizer treatment cannot significantly improve maximum water holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and hollow billet
Water-holding capacity is below or slightly above compares.
5.2 field experiment chemistry analysis
The best 65mgkg of available nitrogen effect is improved by can be seen that 2 pairs of processing to 23 upper layer of soil nutrient content of table-1, 39mgkg is higher by than control-1.The mass fraction of available phosphorus handles 1 highest in upper layer of soil nutrient content, is 15.9mg
kg-1, than compareing high 1.5mgkg-1.Handle 2 minimum, only 12.4mgkg-1, than compareing low 2mgkg-1。
Influence of 23 different disposal of table to upper layer of soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
By the mass fraction of Multiple range test upper layer of soil nutrient content effective K, 2 available potassium mass fraction is handled
Highest is 206.2mgkg-1, than compareing high 23mgkg-1, handle 4 minimum 142.5mgkg-1, lower than compareing
40.7mg·kg-1。
In general, 2 applying sludge fertilizer of processing are best to raising upper layer of soil nutrient content effect, available nitrogen, available potassium
Content is obviously improved, though available phosphorus has the few of reduction reduction.
By to 24 lower soil nutrient content of table can be seen that processing 1 available nitrogen effect it is best, reached 47mg
kg-1, 21mgkg is higher by than control-1, handle 7 and reached 37mgkg-1, than compareing high 11mgkg-1。
Table 24 shows the up to 19.3mgkg of mass fraction processing 3 of available phosphorus in lower soil nutrient content-1, compare
According to high 5.3mgkg-1, handle between remaining each processing and respectively and contrast difference not significantly (P<0.05 is horizontal).
By the mass fraction of Multiple range test lower soil nutrient content effective K, 1 highest is handled, is 214.7mg
kg-1, than compareing high 15mgkg-1.Handle 3 minimum 123mgkg-1, than compareing low 76.7mgkg-1。
Influence of 24 different disposal of table to lower soil nutrient content
Note：Different letters represent P after number<Significant difference between identical soil layer different disposal under 0.05 level.
In general, 1 applying sludge fertilizer of processing is best to raising lower soil nutrient content effect, available nitrogen, available potassium
Content is obviously improved, and available phosphorus is also above control.
7, conclusion
7.1 Fengtai building mixes fertilizer test conclusion vacated and returnedly
Field experiment shows that sludge fertilizer is administered simultaneously with the decomposed object of garden waste to maximum water holding capacity, minimum water holding
Amount is best with the improvement of capillary moisture capacity and porosity.Applying sludge fertilizer is to improving maximum water-holding capacity, minimum water holding
The effect of amount, capillary moisture capacity and porosity is only second to that the effect of sludge fertilizer and the decomposed object of garden waste is administered simultaneously.
The most effective fruit of mass fraction of available nitrogen in the nutrient content of applying sludge fertilizer to improving soil.It has been administered simultaneously
Machine fertilizer is with the covering decomposed object of garden waste for the mass fraction highest of available phosphorus in increase soil nutrient content.Applying sludge
Mass fraction most effective fruit of the fertilizer for increase upper layer of soil nutrient content effective K.And respectively handle, available phosphorus contains quantitative change
It is little to change difference.So all in all applying sludge fertilizer is the preferred plan for improveing soil chemical properties.
In general applying sludge fertilizer is the best fertilizer applications that building vacates and returns land soil.
7.2 Fengtai building vacated and returned ground sludge fertilizer gradient fertilizer test conclusion
All in all it is the optimum fertilizing amount for improving soil physical properties to apply sludge fertilizer 42.9g/kg, can be significantly improved
Layer maximum water-holding capacity, least water-holding capacity, capillary moisture capacity also have maximum effect for increasing soil porosity.
Apply quick-acting nitrogen contents most effective fruits of the sludge fertilizer 57.2g/kg for increase soil.Apply sludge fertilizer 85.7g/kg
For increasing the mass fraction highest of available phosphorus in soil nutrient content.It applies sludge fertilizer 42.9g/kg and contains for increasing soil nutrient
Measure the most effective fruit of mass fraction of effective K.
Thus, in general, the effective dose for applying sludge fertilizer improvement building vacated and returned ground soil is 42.9g/kg-85.7g/
Kg, wherein optimum fertilizing amount are 42.9g/kg.
7.3 Daxing river shoal sand ground mixing fertilizer test conclusions
Applying sludge fertilizer or be administered simultaneously organic fertilizer and the covering decomposed object of garden waste to maximum water holding capacity,
Least water-holding capacity, capillary moisture capacity improvement are best.Applying sludge fertilizer, which has for increasing soil porosity, maximum to be promoted to make
With.
Organic fertilizer and the decomposed object of garden waste is administered simultaneously for increasing the available nitrogen of soil in applying sludge fertilizer
The most effective fruit of mass fraction.Application of organic fertilizers it is dirty or only applying sludge fertilizer for increasing the matter of available phosphorus in soil nutrient content
It is best to measure score.Quality of the sludge fertilizer with the decomposed object of garden waste for increase soil nutrient content effective K is administered simultaneously
Score is best.
In general applying sludge fertilizer is the best fertilizer applications of river shoal Sandy Soil improvement.
7.4 Daxing river shoal sand ground sludge fertilizer gradient fertilizer test conclusions
Maximum water holding capacity, least water-holding capacity and capillary moisture capacity can be significantly improved by applying sludge fertilizer 100g/kg.Apply dirt
Sludge 100g/kg has maximum effect for increasing soil porosity.
The mass fraction of available nitrogen for increasing soil applies the most effective fruits of sludge fertilizer 42.9g/kg.It is supported for increasing soil
The mass fraction of available phosphorus applies sludge fertilizer 28.6g/kg highests in point content.For increasing the matter of soil nutrient content effective K
Amount score applies the most effective fruits of sludge fertilizer 42.9g/kg.
Thus, in general, the effective dose for applying sludge fertilizer improvement river shoal Sandy Soil is 28.6g/kg-100g/kg,
Wherein optimum fertilizing amount is 100g/kg.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiments or example in can be combined in any suitable manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that：Not
In the case of being detached from the principle of the present invention and objective a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments, this
The range of invention is limited by claim and its equivalent.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of improvement soil, the soil is the vacated and returned ground of building or river shoal sand ground, which is characterized in that
To soil application sludge fertilizer.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the soil is the vacated and returned ground of building, according to 42.9g/
The ratio of kg-85.7g/kg is to soil application sludge fertilizer.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, according to the ratio of 42.9g/kg to the soil application sludge
Fertilizer.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the soil be river shoal sand ground when, according to 28.6g/kg-
The ratio of 100g/kg, to soil application sludge fertilizer.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, according to 100g/kg ratio, to the soil application sludge
Fertilizer.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, using landfill method to soil application sludge fertilizer.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the method includes：
The soil surface on pending ground is longitudinally excavated to predetermined depth, is then embedded to sludge fertilizer, then cover original soil.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the predetermined depth is 5 centimetres.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113170623A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Soil improvement test method for gentle wasteland |
| CN114342596A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-04-15 | 北京林业大学 | Method for improving sandy soil of river bank channel and application |
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| CN103814650A (en) * | 2012-11-18 | 2014-05-28 | 重庆市黔江区黔双科技有限公司 | Sandy land improvement method |
| CN106105668A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 无锡南理工科技发展有限公司 | The utilization of Sandy Soil and modification method |
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| CN101099441A (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2008-01-09 | 上海交通大学 | Method for culturing grape in arid Gobi desert area |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113170623A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Soil improvement test method for gentle wasteland |
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| CN114342596A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-04-15 | 北京林业大学 | Method for improving sandy soil of river bank channel and application |
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